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Journal articles on the topic 'Spruce stands'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

De Noronha, Maísa, Rock Ouimet, Martin Barrette, Alain Leduc, and Yves Bergeron. "Influence of Leaf Litter and Humus Composition on the Development of Black Spruce Seedlings: A Greenhouse Experimentation." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111832.

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In boreal forests in Canada, broadleaf stands are characterized by generally well-drained soils and a humus-rich layer. In contrast, spruce-moss stands are often characterized by more poorly drained soils and acidic humus layer. However, presence of these two forest types in various degrees of mixture in stands can be beneficial to spruce seedlings productivity. It was hypothesized that leaf litter and humus from pure spruces-moss stands, pure broadleaf stands, and mixed stand may influence Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedling growth and development differently. A greenhouse exper

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2

Huuskonen, Saija, Tuulia Lahtinen, Jari Miina, Karri Uotila, Simone Bianchi, and Pentti Niemistö. "Growth Dynamics of Young Mixed Norway Spruce and Birch Stands in Finland." Forests 14, no. 1 (2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010056.

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Mixed-species forests in Fennoscandia are of increasing interest because they may improve resilience, biodiversity, and productivity. Currently there is scarce knowledge available of the early growth dynamics of mixed spruce–birch stands in even-aged managed production forests with artificial regeneration of spruce. The main objective of our study was to examine the present state and the past growth dynamics of current single-storied, young spruce–birch (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Betula pendula Roth, Betula pubescens Ehrh.) stands (age 17–29 years), where spruce was planted and birch naturally

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3

Hanakova-Becvarova, Petra, Marian Horvath, Borivoj Sarapatka, and Vaclav Zouhar. "The effect of stand characteristics on soil organic carbon content in spruce and deciduous stands." Forest Systems 31, no. 1 (2022): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18824.

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Aim of study: To determine the effects of stand characteristics, which closely relate to forest management practices, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the organic (O) and surface mineral (A) soil horizons in spruce and deciduous stands, and to show SOC dynamics during the life of production stands. Area of study: Spruce and deciduous stands located throughout the Czech Republic. Material and methods: The effects of age, density of stocking and canopy of stand on SOC content in the O and A horizons, and the difference between categories of variables and the trends of SOC

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4

Boucher, D., L. De Grandpré, and S. Gauthier. "Développement dun outil de classification de la structure des peuplements et comparaison de deux territoires de la pessière à mousses du Québec." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (2003): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79318-2.

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Forest stand structure is an important element for biodiversity and, from a sustainable forest management perspective, uneven-sized stands should be managed in order to maintain the structural diversity over the landscape. The first objective of this study is to develop a statistical tool to characterize stand structure that can be used in forest management planning. The second objective is to classify the stand structure of two regions to illustrate a possible use for the tool. The statistical tool for characterizing stand structure has been developed from forest inventory data gathered by th

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5

Hansen, E. Matthew, José F. Negron, A. Steven Munson, and John A. Anhold. "A Retrospective Assessment of Partial Cutting to Reduce Spruce Beetle-Caused Mortality in the Southern Rocky Mountains." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 2 (2010): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/25.2.81.

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Abstract Tree susceptibility to bark beetle-caused mortality has been linked to stand characteristics such as basal area (BA) and average tree size, factors that can be manipulated through partial cutting. There is no experimental evidence, however, demonstrating the efficacy of partial cutting in spruce type. Such experiments are very difficult to complete because of the inability to manipulate bark beetle populations needed to challenge treated stands. To circumvent this difficulty, we identified spruce stands that were partially cut (for nonexperimental reasons) in advance ofbeetle activity

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6

Aza, Ana, Annika Kangas, and A. Maarit I. Kallio. "Value of Information on Root and Butt Rot Presence When Choosing Tree Species for a Previously Spruce-Dominated Stand in Norway." Forests 13, no. 10 (2022): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101562.

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Because the two common tree species in Norway, Picea abies L. Karst (Norway spruce) and Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine), differ in their susceptibility to the fungus Heterobasidion spp., converting at least parts of the rot-infested spruce stands to pine pays-off economically in some cases. Pixel-level information on rot levels and site indexes (SI) across the stand are required to identify these cases to make decisions that increase the expected economic return of the stand. Applying the Value of Information (VoI) concept, we assessed the value of such information when choosing between plant

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7

Simard, Martin, and Serge Payette. "Reduction of black spruce seed bank by spruce budworm infestation compromises postfire stand regeneration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 7 (2005): 1686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-083.

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In the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) is subjected to both defoliating insect and fire disturbances. As black spruce depends on its aerial seed bank for postfire regeneration, reduction of cone crop during a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak opens a vulnerability window during which stand regeneration could be hindered in the event of a fire. To assess the long-term effect of spruce budworm outbreak on black spruce reproductive potential, cone production and viable seed bank were estimated using cone crop surveys and

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8

Roessiger, Joerg, Ladislav Kulla, and Maroš Sedliak. "A high proportion of norway spruce in mixed stands increases probability of stand failure." Central European Forestry Journal 66, no. 4 (2020): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2020-0017.

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Abstract The decline of pure spruce forests in the Beskydy Mountains in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is mainly driven by bark beetle attacks and storm events. Salvage-harvest records based on timber volume on the forest-stand level document the extent of stand failure processed by salvage logging. On the basis of these records, the stand failure proportion was expressed as the proportion of timber volume processed by salvage harvest divided by the standing timber volume over a period of 10 years (sf). Two null hypotheses to be tested are that sf is not influenced by (H1) the size of trees e

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9

Данилов, Dmitriy Danilov, Смирнов, and A. Smirnov. "Effect of stand structure on density of pine and spruce wood in myrtillus forest type." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 4 (2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/8434.

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Mixed stands of spruce and pine of myrtillus y forest types occupy large areas of the forest fund of the Leningrad region. For the theory and practice of forestry it is important to know the impact of plantations on the density of wood in bunk mixed spruce-pine stands. In mixed stands of pine and spruce disks and cores of wood species were selected from the model tree to determine the basic density by the method of maximum water capacity. The study of basic wood density of pine and spruce in the coniferous bunk stands revealed that its rates are higher for both sp

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10

Grodzki, Wojciech, Jerzy R. Starzyk, and Mieczysław Kosibowicz. "Impact of selected stand characteristics on the occurrence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 2 (2014): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0015.

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Abstract Recently, Norway spruce stands in Beskid Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) have been plagued by bark beetle outbreak affecting an extensive area over a large range of altitudes. Georeferenced data (2356 records) from 2009-2011 of the volume of felled spruces showing insect infestation in forest sub-compartments were analysed with respect to selected site and stand characteristics. The infestation intensity varied between individual parts of the examined area. Spruce mortality, recorded evenly across all slope expositions, was higher in the zones 800 m - 1000 m and above 1000 m than in th

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11

Grodzki, Wojciech, and R. Starzyk Jerzy. "Impact of selected stand characteristics on the occurrence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) in the Beskid Żywiecki Mountains." Forest Research Papers 75 (2) (June 1, 2014): 159–69. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0015.

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Recently, Norway spruce stands in Beskid Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) have been plagued by bark beetle outbreak affecting an extensive area over a large range of altitudes. Georeferenced data (2356 records) from 2009–2011 of the volume of felled spruces showing insect infestation in forest sub-compartments were analysed with respect to selected site and stand characteristics. The infestation intensity varied between individual parts of the examined area. Spruce mortality, recorded evenly across all slope expositions, was higher in the zones 800 m – 1000 m and above 1000 m than in

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12

Čihák, Tomáš, and Monika Vejpustková. "Biomass allocation and carbon stock in Douglas fir and Norway spruce at the tree and stand level." Central European Forestry Journal 68, no. 3 (2022): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2022-0005.

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Abstract The effect of changing tree species composition in favor of a greater representation of Douglas fir at the expense of Norway spruce on the carbon pool of Central European forests has not yet been investigated. Here, we compare the allocation of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in Douglas fir and spruce at the tree and stand level. At the tree level, Douglas fir accumulated, on average, 16.9% more aboveground biomass than Norway spruce. A greater amount of biomass was allocated mainly in the wood and bark of Douglas fir stem. For these biomass compartments, the difference between D

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13

Polinko, Adam D., Marguerite A. Rapp, Andrew J. Sánchez Meador, Andrew D. Graves, Daniel E. Ryerson, and Kristen M. Waring. "Western Spruce Budworm Effects on Forest Resilience." Plants 11, no. 23 (2022): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233266.

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Western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani Razowski) is the most destructive defoliator of forests in the western US. Forests in northern New Mexico experienced high levels of WSBW-caused defoliation and subsequent mortality between the 1980s and 2010s. The effects of severe western spruce budworm outbreaks on stand dynamics in the US Southwest are still relatively unknown, but understanding the impacts is important to the management and resilience of these forests. To begin addressing this knowledge gap, we conducted a study along two gradients: an elevational gradient from mixed-conifer

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14

Jorgensen, Carl Arik, and Michael James Jenkins. "Fuel Complex Alterations Associated with Spruce Beetle-Induced Tree Mortality in Intermountain Spruce/Fir Forests." Forest Science 57, no. 3 (2011): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/57.3.232.

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Abstract Tree mortality caused during extensive outbreaks of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]) has been assumed to increase hazardous fuel loads and consequently influence fire behavior, occurrence, and effects. However, little research has been done to quantify or qualify how spruce beetle-induced tree mortality may alter fuel complexes during the course of an outbreak. The objective of our research was to determine how fuel complexes differ between stands with endemic populations of spruce beetle, stands experiencing current outbreaks, and stands with

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15

Poage, Nathan J., David D. Marshall, and Michael H. McClellan. "Maximum Stand-Density Index of 40 Western Hemlock–Sitka Spruce Stands in Southeast Alaska." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 2 (2007): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.2.99.

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Abstract Reineke's (1933) maximum stand-density index (SDImax) was determined for 40 unthinned, fully stocked, even-aged, hemlock-spruce stands in southeast Alaska. A nonlinear model was used to identify objectively the linear portions of the stands' self-thinning trajectories for analysis. The objectives of the present study were (1) to use the modeled slopes and intercepts to determine the mean SDImax of the stands and (2) to identify stand and site factors associated with the variability observed in SDImax. The mean SDImax of the 40 hemlock-spruce stands in southeast Alaska was 619. Individ

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16

MacKinnon, Wayne E., and David A. MacLean. "The Influence of Forest and Stand Conditions on Spruce Budworm Defoliation in New Brunswick, Canada." Forest Science 49, no. 5 (2003): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.5.657.

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Abstract The species composition of stands and surrounding forest have been suggested as important factors influencing the amount of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) defoliation and, consequently, budworm-induced growth loss and mortality. We measured spruce budworm defoliation from 1989–1993 in 40 spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) stands in north-central New Brunswick, Canada, and evaluated the influence of surrounding forest type (softwood, mixedwood), species group (balsam fir, spruce), and site quality (wet/nutrient poor, moist/nutrient rich) on

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17

Hegland, Stein Joar, Emma E. Olsson, Martin Stensaker, et al. "Spruce vs. pine did not impact soil organic carbon density but strongly affected a functionally important dwarf shrub in a boreal production forest system." PLOS ONE 20, no. 4 (2025): e0320877. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320877.

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In the boreal zone, forestry is one of the most influential drivers of land-use changes. Tree species selection is a management decision which may strongly affect environmental factors that subsequently impact many ecosystem properties including soil carbon storage and functional important species. We used a production forest system in Kaupanger, Western Norway, where Scots pine has been the main timber species and Norway spruce was introduced by forestry. We selected 10 pairs of production stands of spruce or pine with identical productivity index and age for controlled comparison of tree spe

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18

Spence, C. Eiry, and David A. MacLean. "Regeneration and stand development following a spruce budworm outbreak, spruce budworm inspired harvest, and salvage harvest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 10 (2012): 1759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-121.

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Spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) (SBW) outbreaks are a major disturbance that influence stand dynamics and succession in balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) dominated forests of eastern Canada. We used stand and regeneration data collected from five plots in each of one immature and five mature stands before, during, and 30 years following the last major SBW outbreak in the Cape Breton Highlands to examine the role of stand and regeneration characteristics in shaping future stand development. Comparisons were also made between regeneration in four SBW outbreak stands ve

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19

Rungis, Dainis, Zane Lībiete, Anna Korica, et al. "Genetic diversity and differentiation of even-aged Norway spruce stands in Latvia." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 1 (2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss1pp045.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) is an important species in Latvia both ecologically and economically, and has been subjected to silvicultural management in Latvia since at least the middle of the 19th century. Forest regeneration activities starting in the 1960s resulted in the establishment of spruce stands with uncertified and often undocumented reproductive material. These spruce stands were often established by sowing, and no research or clear guidelines regarding the optimal density were available. As a result, many spruce stands were established and maintained at a high density. Th

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20

Konôpka, Bohdan, Jozef Pajtík, and Vladimír Šebeň. "Biomass Modeling in European Beech and Norway Spruce Plantations: An Opportunity to Enhance the Carbon Market and Climate Sustainability." Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094198.

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This study examines the differences in growth patterns, biomass accumulation, and carbon storage between planted European beech and Norway spruce in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Two approaches were used to analyze young forest trees and stands: destructive tree sampling and repetitive tree measurements. Biomass modeling was conducted for individual tree components and entire trees, demonstrating that stem diameter and height were strong predictors of biomass. Notably, beeches exhibited greater tree biomass than spruces when analyzed at the same stem diameter, whereas the opposite trend w

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21

Deal, Robert L., Chadwick Dearing Oliver, and Bernard T. Bormann. "Reconstruction of mixed hemlock–spruce stands in coastal southeast Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 5 (1991): 643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-088.

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Stands of western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on low-elevation, upland sites in coastal southeast Alaska develop as single-generation stands after stand-replacing disturbances and as multiple-generation stands after minor disturbances. Both stand types were studied. Spruce grew rapidly after major and minor windthrow events and reached the mid to upper canopy of the stand. Hemlock showed variable growth patterns and occupied both upper and lower canopy positions. Unlike forested regions containing more tree species, the species comp

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22

Sharma, Mahadev. "Climate Effects on Black Spruce and Trembling Aspen Productivity in Natural Origin Mixed Stands." Forests 13, no. 3 (2022): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030430.

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Forest managers need site productivity estimates for tree species growing in mixed stands. Models developed in the past are generally for pure stands and don’t factor in the effects of climate change on site productivity. Therefore, site index (SI) models were developed for black spruce (Picea mariana Mill. B.S.P.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees grown in natural origin mixed stands. For this, 186 trees (93 black spruce and trembling aspen each) were sampled from 31 even-aged natural mixed stands (sites) (3 trees/species/site) across Ontario, Canada. Stand height growth

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Lieffers, Victor J., Derek Sidders, Tim Keddy, Kevin A. Solarik, and Peter Blenis. "A partial deciduous canopy, coupled with site preparation, produces excellent growth of planted white spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 3 (2019): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0310.

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Survival and growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were assessed at year 15 in boreal mixedwood stands of northern Alberta, Canada, in stands that were deciduous-dominated prior to logging or were conifer-dominated. Three overstory retention levels (0%, 50%, and 75% retention) and four site preparation treatments (mound, high speed mix, scalp, and no treatment) were evaluated. In deciduous-dominated stands, planted spruce performed best in the 50% retention; here, stem volume was at least double that of any other retention treatment after 15 years. In contrast, spruce had

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Suchomel, Josef, Luboš Purchart, and Jakub Urban. "Spruce monocultures of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland (Czech Republic) as the biotope of small terrestrial mammals (Rodentia, Soricomorpha)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020185.

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The community of small terrestrial mammals of spruce monocultures of the Drahanská vrchovina Upland was studied on small experimental plots, namely in spruce plantations aged 30 and 105 years and on comparative plots in a 40-year beech stand and in a 125-year mixed stand occurring apart in the middle of spruce stands. In total, 128 small mammals of five species were trapped in the period 2006–2008. There were the marked dominance and abundance of Apodemus flavicollis at all plots (D = 67.7–82.1%; rA = 1.0–1.6) with the exception of a young spruce stand where Myodes glareolus (D = 57.5%; rA = 1

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St-Pierre, Hélène, Réjean Gagnon, and Pierre Bellefleur. "Régénération après feu de l'épinette noire (Piceamariana) et du pin gris (Pinusbanksiana) dans la forêt boréale, Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 4 (1992): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-062.

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Age structure analysis was performed in black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stands following fire (i) to determine if there is a time lag between black spruce and jack pine establishment and (ii) to compare the composition of the regeneration with regard to the original stand. The study was conducted in an area burnt in 1983, 100 km northwest of Lake Saint-Jean, Quebec. Five years after fire, the age structure of the regeneration shows an early establishment of jack pine and black spruce, with more than 95% of the seedlings established during the fir

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Hlásny, T., L. Kulla, I. Barka, M. Turčáni, Z. Sitková, and M. Koreň. "The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 5 (2010): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2009-jfs.

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&nbsp;Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia &ndash; the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffe

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Šebeň, Vladimír, Bohdan Konôpka, Michal Bošeľa, and Jozef Pajtík. "Contrasting development of declining and living larch-spruce stands after a disturbance event: A case study from the High Tatra Mts." Forestry Journal 61, no. 3 (2015): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0024.

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AbstractThe decline of spruce stands caused by bark beetle outbreaks is a serious economic and ecological problem of forestry in Slovakia. In the preceding period, the decline affected mainly secondary spruce forests. Over the last decade, due to large bark-beetle outbreaks this problem has been observed also in natural spruce forests, even at high elevations. We dealt with this issue in a case study of short-term development of larch-spruce stands in the High Tatras (at a site called Štart). We compared the situation in the stand infested by bark beetles several years after the wind-throw in

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Ruel, Jean-Claude, François Ouellet, Roch Plusquellec, and Chhun-Huor Ung. "Évolution de la régénération de peuplements résineux et mélangés au cours des 30 années après coupe à blanc mécanisée." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 3 (1998): 428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74428-3.

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This paper presents results from a 30 year monitoring of 15 clearcut areas. Study areas were located before cutting in stands having an abundant advance regeneration. Four study areas were initially dominated by black spruce, four by balsam fir, three by jack pine and the last four comprised a mix of species. Stand inventories and regeneration surveys were conducted before harvesting. Harvesting was done in regular logging operations, without any special care to protect the advance growth. Regeneration surveys were taken again after harvesting, 5 years, 10 years, 20 years and 30 years after ha

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Küßner, Ralf, and Reinhard Mosandl. "Comparison of direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index in mature Norway spruce stands of eastern Germany." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 3 (2000): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-227.

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IIn three mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of the Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) in eastern Germany, the performance of the LAI-2000 plant canopy analyzer (LI-COR instruments) was tested for indirect estimation of leaf area index (LAI). The LAI-2000 calculates effective leaf area index (LAIe, m2/m2) resulting from radiation measurements and subsequent model calculations. LAIe underestimated directly estimated half the total leaf area index (LAI0.5t, m2/m2) by 37-82% as determined from allometric relationships derived from subsample harvesting. The degree of underestimation was

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Jiří, Novák, Dušek David, Slodičák Marian, and Kacálek Dušan. "Importance of the first thinning in young mixed Norway spruce and European beech stands." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 6 (2017): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5/2017-jfs.

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Experimental results from the first thinning in mixed stands are not broadly experienced by forestry practice. To extend the experience with the thinning of a mixed stand, we studied thinned and unthinned mixtures of Norway spruce with European beech on two study sites in the Czech Republic, which represented different conditions: Všeteč (age of 19–35 years) – originally beech dominated site at 440 m a.s.l. and Deštné (age of 17–33 years) – originally spruce with beech site at 990 m a.s.l. Spruce and beech were mixed individually or in small groups. As the for number of trees, mixtures were 35

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Kabzems, Richard, and Oscar García. "Structure and dynamics of trembling aspen white spruce mixed stands near Fort Nelson, B.C." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 2 (2004): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-254.

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The trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) mixed woods near Fort Nelson are distinguished by the large size of individual trees, longevity, and the low occurrence of internal decay in trembling aspen. The development of these forest ecosystems has had limited documentation and may be significantly different than those described in other portions of the boreal forest. At five study stands, stem analysis techniques were used to examine the patterns of height and radial growth over time according to species and structure type. There were two patte

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Vacek, S., I. Nosková, L. Bílek, Z. Vacek, and O. Schwarz. "Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 11 (2010): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2010-jfs.

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The article describes natural, combined and artificial regeneration on 38 permanent research plots in both Czech and Polish part of the Krkono&scaron;e Mts. The attention is paid to species composition, spatial (horizontal and vertical) and age structure of forest regeneration according to different stand and site conditions. Concerning the structure and dynamics of forest stands and their regeneration, the potential and prospects of regeneration according to particular developmental stages and stand types (beech stands; mixed stands: spruce-beech, fir-beech, spruce-fir-beech; spruce stand

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Petersson, Lisa, Delphine Lariviere, Emma Holmström, Matts Lindbladh, and Adam Felton. "Potential implications of shortened rotation length for forest birds, bryophytes, lichens and vascular plants: An example from southern Swedish production forests." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0289835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289835.

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The rotation lengths of intensively managed production forests may be altered to achieve a variety of goals, with correspondingly implications for biodiversity. Here we consider the potential implications of shortened rotation times for biodiversity in planted monocultures of the two most common production tree species in Sweden, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). To do so we surveyed bird, bryophyte, epiphytic lichen and vascular plant diversity in 80 and 55-year-old stands; stand ages which approximate present-day and potential future rotation lengths in this regi

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Marková, I., I. Drápelová, and S. Truparová. "Comparison of deposition fluxes on the open area and in mountain spruce stands of different density." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 9 (2009): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2009-jfs.

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To better understand the chemical transformation of rainfall after the passage through the canopies it is necessary to study throughfall deposition fluxes within forest stands. The comparison of bulk deposition fluxes of Ca, Mg, K, S-SO<sub>4</sub>, N-NO<sub>3</sub> and N-NH<sub>4</sub> in mountain spruce stands of different stand density and bulk deposition fluxes on the open area was made at the study site Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts., Czech Republic) during the period of 1999–2006. A linear relationship between the amount of rainfall on the o

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Menšík, L., T. Fabiánek, V. Tesař, and J. Kulhavý. "Humus conditions and stand characteristics of artificially established young stands in the process of the transformation of spruce monocultures." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 5 (2009): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2009-jfs.

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The main reason for the transformation of spruce monocultures at sites of mixed broadleaved forests is to create more natural relationships between the species structure of a stand and soil processes. The presented study compares humus conditions and basic growth characteristics of two mixed stands (spruce with beech and larch with beech) aged 25 years with a beech stand (aged 40 years) and spruce stand (aged 30 years). The purpose of the study is to evaluate (<I>i</I>) forms of forest floor, (<I>ii</I>) soil reaction, (<I>iii</I>) the content and total rese

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Hannam, K. D., S. A. Quideau, B. E. Kishchuk, S. W. Oh, and R. E. Wasylishen. "Forest-floor chemical properties are altered by clear-cutting in boreal mixedwood forest stands dominated by trembling aspen and white spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 10 (2005): 2457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-140.

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Alterations in the chemical properties of the forest floor following clear-cut harvesting may have implications for forest productivity in boreal stands. We used proximate analysis, carbon-13 (13C) isotopic determination, and cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to examine differences in the characteristics of the forest floors from uncut stands and clear-cut stands dominated by white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; SPRUCE) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.; ASPEN) in northern Alberta. Proximate analysis revealed n

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Smith, V. G., M. Watts, and D. F. James. "Mechanical stability of black spruce in the clay belt region of northern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-166.

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Black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is an important pulpwood species that grows on peatland sites in the clay belt region of northern Ontario. The mechanical stability of spruce found on these sites is crucial in determining how tall a stand can grow before losses due to windthrow become excessive. In this study, the stability of a sample of 58 black spruce trees, in stands of various height and density classes, was measured by winching them over and determining their critical turning moment. Regression analysis was used to express critical turning moment as a function of tree height, d

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Bāders, Endijs, Āris Jansons, Roberts Matisons, Didzis Elferts, and Iveta Desaine. "Landscape Diversity for Reduced Risk of Insect Damage: A Case Study of Spruce Bud Scale in Latvia." Forests 9, no. 9 (2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090545.

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Spruce bud scale (Physokermes piceae (Schrnk.)) has gained attention due to recent outbreaks in the eastern Baltic Sea region—Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. In the spring of 2010, it spread rapidly across Latvia, affecting large areas of Norway spruce stands. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the damage caused by spruce bud scale in Norway spruce stands. In this study, we evaluated landscape metrics for middle-aged (40 to 70 years old) Norway spruce-dominated stands (>70% of stand’s basal area) in four of the most affected forest massifs

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Petráš, Rudolf, Julián Mecko, Michal Bošeľa, and Vladimír Šebeň. "Wood quality and value production in mixed fir-spruce-beech stands: long-term research in the Western Carpathians." Forestry Journal 62, no. 2 (2016): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0010.

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Abstract Stem quality and damage was evaluated in mixed spruce-fir-beech stands. Moreover, an assortments structure was determined with their financial value. Results were compared with pure spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands. Repeated measurements on 31 long-term research plots, stand assortment models, assortment yield models and value yield models were used. Stem quality of fir and spruce was only slightly lower in mixed stands compared to pure stands but beech stem quality was considerably worse in mixed stands. Fir and spruce had

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Cumming, Steve, Mariana Trindade, David Greene, and S. Ellen Macdonald. "Canopy and emergent white spruce in “pure” broadleaf stands: frequency, predictive models, and ecological importance." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 10 (2009): 1997–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-094.

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In mixedwood boreal forests of western Canada, stands classified as “pure deciduous” by forest inventories sometimes contain a few large white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees among or emerging from the canopy. These trees are important as regeneration seed sources and for habitat structure. Neither their abundance nor the characteristics of stands in which they occur have previously been quantified. Of 275 “pure aspen” stands in northeastern Alberta, 19.6% contained at least one such spruce detectable in an aerial photograph. These trees were found in stands across the range of sampl

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Menšík, Ladislav, Eva Kostková, and Jiří Kulhavý. "The effect of thinning on humus conditions in spruce and beech stands in the Highlands area of the Czech Republic." Beskydy 8, no. 2 (2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201508020101.

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The study evaluates the effect of the type of thinning (above thinning vs. below thinning) on the humus conditions (i.e. forest floor stock, the content and stock of carbon and nitrogen, C/N ratio, and the proportion of carbon in humic substances) in spruce stands found on acid granodiorite (acid site) in forest vegetation zone (FVZ) 4 to 5 (Field research station Rájec-Němčice /FRS/, Department of Forest Ecology /DFE/ Mendel University in Brno) and in beech stands found on a solidified limestone sediment (nutrient rich site) in FVZ 3 to 4 (Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny /TFE

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Paquin, Raynald, and René Doucet. "Productivité de pessières noires boréales régénérées par marcottage à la suite de vieilles coupes totales au Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 4 (1992): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-080.

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Five black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands originating from clear-cutting between 1924 and 1941 in the Baie-Comeau area of Quebec were studied to determine post-harvest growth. The analysis revealed that most stems originated from layers released by clear-cutting of the main stand. Present stem height is closely related to height at time of release: stems that were taller at release are now generally dominant or codominant in the main canopy and tend to contribute more to merchantable stand volume. Volume production of these stands is comparable to that of better sites of normal yi

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Luguza, Solveiga, Guntars Snepsts, Janis Donis, et al. "Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine in Hemiboreal Forests in Latvia." Forests 11, no. 2 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020215.

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Continuous cover forestry (CCF) aims to emulate small natural disturbances and take advantage of natural regeneration. To implement these management practices successfully, knowledge of advance regeneration under the canopy in different conditions is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of stand inventory parameters of canopy layer (age, basal area, height, and density) on the probability and density of advance regeneration of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in hemiboreal forests in Latvia. The data were obtai

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Morin, Hubert. "Dynamics of balsam fir forests in relation to spruce budworm outbreaks in the Boreal Zone of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 4 (1994): 730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-097.

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Age structures and growth curves were used to determine the origin and to follow the development of 17 balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands in the middle of the Boreal Zone in the north of Lake Saint-Jean, Quebec. Every growth curve from the studied sites presented a more or less long period of suppression in the early growth of the balsam fir, followed by a marked release synchronous between the trees of a given site. Generally, a balsam fir cohort established just before the growth release. Characteristic growth releases generally occurred after the formation of exceptionally narrow

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Sterba, Dirnberger, and Ritter. "Vertical Distribution of Leaf Area of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Pure and Mixed Stands." Forests 10, no. 7 (2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070570.

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The growth effects of mixtures are generally assumed to be a result of canopy structure and crown plasticity. Thus, the distribution of leaf area at tree and stand level helps to explain these mixing effects. Therefore, we investigated the leaf area distribution in 12 stands with a continuum of proportions of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The stands were between 40 and 170 years old and located in the northern part of the Eastern Intermediate Alps in Austria at elevations between 900 and 1300 m a. s. l. A total of 200 sample trees were felled

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Chen, H. YH, K. Klinka, A. H. Mathey, X. Wang, P. Varga, and C. Chourmouzis. "Are mixed-species stands more productive than single-species stands: an empirical test of three forest types in British Columbia and Alberta." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 7 (2003): 1227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-048.

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Stand volumes were determined for naturally established, even-aged, single- and mixed-species stands involving three combinations of shade-tolerant and shade-intolerant conifers on similar sites: (i) western redcedar western hemlock (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), (ii) lodgepole pine western larch (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Larix occidentalis Nutt.), and (iii) lodgepole pine black spruce (Pinus contorta Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Stand volume was significantly increased with site index and breast-height age in all three studies. Stand volume wa

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Pešková, V., J. Landa, and F. Soukup. "Findings regarding ectotrophic stability of Norway spruce forest of the Krkonoše and Orlické Mountains based on mycorrhiza studies." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 11 (2011): 500–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/139/2010-jfs.

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&nbsp;Analyses of root mycorrhizal samples and monitoring of fruiting bodies of macromycetes from Norway spruce stands at mountain and foothill localities in the Krkono&scaron;e and Orlick&eacute; Mts. provided several data series allowing to assess and compare (albeit somewhat preliminarily) mycorrhizal conditions and macromycete incidence related to stand ages and&nbsp; location conditions. The overall mycorrhizal conditions in young (10 years old) and older (80 years old) stands on formerly agricultural soils are comparable to those in 80- and 90-year-old forests growing on

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Pretzsch, Hans, and Peter Biber. "Tree species mixing can increase maximum stand density." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 10 (2016): 1179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0413.

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Mixed-species stands are on the advance in Europe. They fulfil many functions better than monocultures. Recent papers show that mixed stands can have higher yields, but it remains open whether mixed stands simply grow faster along the same self-thinning lines as pure stands or have higher maximum stand densities. We analyzed the effect of species mixing on maximum density based on triplets of pure and mixed stands at approximately maximum density. Most considered mixtures include Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). We show that (i) in mixed stands, maximum density is, on average, 16.5%

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Kharel, Bikash, Arvo Tullus, Gristin Rohula-Okunev, et al. "The effects of site type and shoot age on gas exchange and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in pure and mixed Picea abies forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 55 (January 1, 2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2024-0250.

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Norway spruce ( Picea abies) is considered vulnerable to climate change in several parts of its range and growing in mixed stands is recommended as a mitigation solution. However, understanding spruce's physiological responses to site conditions depending on stand composition is still incomplete. We examined net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance, needle macronutrients content, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) in different-aged shoots of spruce in response to site conditions and spruce proportions in the stands. The measurements were conducted in five typical spruce sit

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Bentz, B. J., and A. S. Munson. "Spruce Beetle Population Suppression in Northern Utah." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 3 (2000): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.3.122.

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Abstract The spruce beetle is a widely dispersed, native bark beetle that attacks and kills North American spruces. We describe a project that was initiated to suppress an endemic spruce beetle population in an isolated 1000 ac area of spruce in northeastern Utah. Techniques used included baited pheromone traps, selective harvesting and burning of infested trees, and trap trees. Over the 3 yr period of monitoring, the number of standing, currently infested spruce trees was reduced 91%. Field surveys and data trends, in comparison with a nearby spruce beetle population that continued to increas

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