Academic literature on the topic 'SPS/07'

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Journal articles on the topic "SPS/07"

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Kulkarni, Samar, Ray Powles, Jennie Treleaven, et al. "Chronic graft versus host disease is associated with long-term risk for pneumococcal infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants." Blood 95, no. 12 (2000): 3683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.12.3683.

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Abstract Incidences of and risk factors for Streptococcus pneumoniaesepsis (SPS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed in 1329 patients treated at a single center between 1973 and 1997. SPS developed in 31 patients a median of 10 months after transplantation (range, 3 to 187 months). The infection was fatal in 7 patients. The probability of SPS developing at 5 and 10 years was 4% and 6%, respectively. Age, sex, diagnosis, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis did not influence the development of SPS. Allogeneic transplantation (10-year probability, 7% vs 3% for nonallogeneic transplants; P = .03) and chronic GVHD (10-year probability, 14% vs 4%; P = .002) were associated with significantly higher risk for SPS. All the episodes of SPS were seen in patients who had undergone allograft or total body irradiation (TBI) (31 of 1202 vs 0 of 127;P = .07). Eight patients were taking regular penicillin prophylaxis at the time of SPS, whereas 23 were not taking any prophylaxis. None of the 7 patients with fatal infections was taking prophylaxis for Pneumococcus. Pneumococcal bacteremia was associated with higher incidences of mortality (6 of 15 vs 1 of 16;P = .04). We conclude that there is a significant long-term risk for pneumococcal infection in patients who have undergone allograft transplantation, especially those with chronic GVHD. Patients who have undergone autograft transplantation after TBI-containing regimens also appear to be at increased risk. These patients should receive lifelong pneumococcus prophylaxis. Consistent with increasing resistance to penicillin, penicillin prophylaxis does not universally prevent SPS, though it may protect against fatal infections. Further studies are required to determine the optimum prophylactic strategy in patients at risk.
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Kulkarni, Samar, Ray Powles, Jennie Treleaven, et al. "Chronic graft versus host disease is associated with long-term risk for pneumococcal infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants." Blood 95, no. 12 (2000): 3683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.12.3683.012k19_3683_3686.

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Incidences of and risk factors for Streptococcus pneumoniaesepsis (SPS) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed in 1329 patients treated at a single center between 1973 and 1997. SPS developed in 31 patients a median of 10 months after transplantation (range, 3 to 187 months). The infection was fatal in 7 patients. The probability of SPS developing at 5 and 10 years was 4% and 6%, respectively. Age, sex, diagnosis, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis did not influence the development of SPS. Allogeneic transplantation (10-year probability, 7% vs 3% for nonallogeneic transplants; P = .03) and chronic GVHD (10-year probability, 14% vs 4%; P = .002) were associated with significantly higher risk for SPS. All the episodes of SPS were seen in patients who had undergone allograft or total body irradiation (TBI) (31 of 1202 vs 0 of 127;P = .07). Eight patients were taking regular penicillin prophylaxis at the time of SPS, whereas 23 were not taking any prophylaxis. None of the 7 patients with fatal infections was taking prophylaxis for Pneumococcus. Pneumococcal bacteremia was associated with higher incidences of mortality (6 of 15 vs 1 of 16;P = .04). We conclude that there is a significant long-term risk for pneumococcal infection in patients who have undergone allograft transplantation, especially those with chronic GVHD. Patients who have undergone autograft transplantation after TBI-containing regimens also appear to be at increased risk. These patients should receive lifelong pneumococcus prophylaxis. Consistent with increasing resistance to penicillin, penicillin prophylaxis does not universally prevent SPS, though it may protect against fatal infections. Further studies are required to determine the optimum prophylactic strategy in patients at risk.
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Wright, A., R. Ma, T. Hummer, et al. "SU-F-SPS-07: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings in Early-Phase Psychosis." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part4 (2016): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4955682.

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Serpell, Benjamin G., Joshua Strahorn, Carmen Colomer, Andrew McKune, Christian Cook, and Kate Pumpa. "The Effect of Speed, Power, and Strength Training and a Group Motivational Presentation on Physiological Markers of Athlete Readiness: A Case Study in Professional Rugby." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 1 (2019): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0177.

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Objective: To examine the effect of a physical treatment (speed, power, and strength [SPS] training) and psychosocial treatment (group motivational presentation) on salivary testosterone (sal-T), salivary cortisol (sal-C), and sal-T-to-sal-C ratio (T:C) in professional rugby. Methods: Fourteen male rugby players (age = 25.9 [2.5] y, height = 186.1 [6.7] cm, and body mass = 104.1 [12.7] kg) participated in this study. Testing occurred across 2 d on 2 separate occasions (week 1 and week 2). On day 1 of both weeks, participants completed an SPS training session. On day 2 of both weeks, participants undertook a field-based rugby training session. In week 2, participants underwent an additional treatment in the form of a motivational presentation given by a respected former player before the rugby session. Saliva was collected before and after SPS training and before and after the rugby session and was assayed for testosterone and cortisol. Results: No differences were found between weeks for sal-T at any time point, but sal-C was higher in week 2 before and after SPS and before rugby on day 2 (P < .05). In both weeks, T:C increased following SPS (P < .02, ES > 0.91 [0.13, 1.69]). T:C increased when the motivational presentation accompanied rugby training (P = .07, ES = 1.06 [0.27, 1.85]). Sal-C, not sal-T, drove changes in T:C (P < .001). Conclusions: Physical or psychosocial treatments may affect sal-T, sal-C, and T:C, and individual variation in responses to treatments may exist.
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VERMA*, M. K., V. K. SHARMA, SHIV LAL, et al. "Quality profiling of Indian walnut (Juglans regia) from Kashmir valley." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 3 (2020): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i3.101478.

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The aim of this study was to know the nutritional composition of walnuts grown in Kashmir valley of north western Himalayan region for their commercial exploit at farm and consumer level. Samples were collected from earmarked trees growing in major walnut producing areas of Kashmir valley. The research work was conducted during 2002-18 at ICAR-CITH, Srinagar. The observations were assessed in 11 walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes (BHU-01, ZC- 05, NU-03, SPS-02, BPP-05, MPU-04, NU-05, CSB-02, DU-07, NU-02 and BPP-07). Mineral content: zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and iron (Fe), were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Fat content was determined by standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Nut and kernel exterior quality traits were recorded as per the IBPGR descriptor. Results revealed that micro-mineral nutrient contents expressed in mg/100 g dry weight ranged between 147.39-68.07 (Mg), 19.71-74.16 (Mo), 7.32-15.57 (Mn), 2.25-9.03 (Cu), 2.90-3.53 (Zn), 1.99-3.81 (Fe), 0.11-0.93 (Al), 0.007-0.069 (Co) and 0.00-0.006 (Se). The fats accounted for more than 60% of the walnut kernel weight and it was ranged from 53.54-74.93%. Significant variability (P<0.05) recorded for physical properties can be attributed to quality criteria of nuts and kernel in walnut.
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Liu, Zhengchang, Janet Thornton, Mário Spírek, and Ronald A. Butow. "Activation of the SPS Amino Acid-Sensing Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Correlates with the Phosphorylation State of a Sensor Component, Ptr3." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 2 (2007): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00929-07.

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ABSTRACT Cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae sense extracellular amino acids and activate expression of amino acid permeases through the SPS-sensing pathway, which consists of Ssy1, an amino acid sensor on the plasma membrane, and two downstream factors, Ptr3 and Ssy5. Upon activation of SPS signaling, two transcription factors, Stp1 and Stp2, undergo Ssy5-dependent proteolytic processing that enables their nuclear translocation. Here we show that Ptr3 is a phosphoprotein whose hyperphosphorylation is increased by external amino acids and is dependent on Ssy1 but not on Ssy5. A deletion mutation in GRR1, encoding a component of the SCFGrr1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, blocks amino acid-induced hyperphosphorylation of Ptr3. We found that two casein kinase I (CKI) proteins, Yck1 and Yck2, previously identified as positive regulators of SPS signaling, are required for hyperphosphorylation of Ptr3. Loss- and gain-of-function mutations in PTR3 result in decreased and increased Ptr3 hyperphosporylation, respectively. We found that a defect in PP2A phosphatase activity leads to the hyperphosphorylation of Ptr3 and constitutive activation of SPS signaling. Two-hybrid analysis revealed interactions between the N-terminal signal transduction domain of Ssy1 with Ptr3 and Yck1. Our findings reveal that CKI and PP2A phosphatase play antagonistic roles in SPS sensing by regulating Ptr3 phosphorylation.
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Gafirimbi, Naasson, Rex Wong, Eva Adomako, and Jeanne Kagwiza. "Lessons learned in establishing a quality improvement project to reduce hospital acquired infections in the neonatology ward at a referral hospital in Rwanda." On the Horizon 24, no. 4 (2016): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-07-2016-0037.

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Purpose Improving healthcare quality has become a worldwide effort. Strategic problem solving (SPS) is one approach to improve quality in healthcare settings. This case study aims to illustrate the process of applying the SPS approach in implementing a quality improvement project in a referral hospital. Design/methodology/approach A project team was formed to reduce the hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rate in the neonatology unit. A new injection policy was implemented according to the root cause identified. Findings The HAI rate decreased from 6.4 per cent pre-intervention to 4.2 per cent post-intervention. The compliance of performing the aseptic injection technique significantly improved by 60 per cent. Practical implications This case study illustrated the detailed application of the SPS approach in establishing a quality improvement project to address HAI and injection technique compliance, cost-effectively. Other departments or hospitals can apply the same approach to improve quality of care. Originality/value This study helps inform other hospitals in similar settings, the steps to create a quality improvement project using the SPS approach.
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Bahufite, Augustin, Albert Ndagijimana, Eva Adomako, et al. "Implementing wound dressing protocol to reduce post cesarean section surgical site infections in Mibilizi District Hospital, Rwanda." On the Horizon 24, no. 4 (2016): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-07-2016-0042.

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Purpose Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgeries in the world. Although the procedure saves lives, it poses important risks such as post-caesarean surgical site infection (PCS-SSI). Basic patient care procedures can prevent PCS-SSI, however, they are not always followed. The purpose of this study is to describe how strategic problem solving (SPS) was used to implement a wound dressing protocol in a district hospital in Rwanda to reduce PCS-SSI rates. Design/methodology/approach To address variations in wound care practice, a new clinical protocol was developed and implemented by a quality improvement team which included clinicians. Training and supervision was also provided to the maternity team. Findings The intervention reduced PCS-SSI from 5.1 to 1.8 per cent. It also significantly improved the compliance to recommended wound dressing practices. Practical implications By applying SPS and effective leadership skills, the authors secured buy-in and support from stakeholders and introduced a wound management protocol in a district hospital of Rwanda. The intervention significantly improved wound management practice; however, long term follow-up will be necessary to sustain the improvements. Originality/value The results will inform hospitals in resource-limited settings of how to improve basic standards of care using SPS and leadership without additional cost to the hospital.
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Cicero, V. "The SHADOWS experiment at the CERN SPS." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 07 (2024): C07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07012.

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Abstract SHADOWS (Search for Hidden And Dark Objects With the SPS) is a proposed proton beam-dump experiment for the search of a large variety of Feebly-Interacting Particles (FIPs) at the CERN SPS. It will exploit the potential for searches and discoveries at the intensity frontier offered by the upgrade of the ECN3 beam line. SHADOWS will be located off-axis, which allows the optimisation of the signal-to-background ratio, and will collect data from up to 5×1019 protons of 400 GeV on target in 4 years of operations. The experiment has a transversal size of 2.5×2.5 m2 and is composed by an upstream veto, a 20 m long decay volume and a spectrometer with a tracking system in a dipole magnet, a timing detector, a calorimeter and a muon system. The conceived detector offers excellent tracking and timing performance for the identification and reconstruction of most of the visible final states of FIP decays. SHADOWS will allow to explore a large parameter space region of many FIPs, like light dark scalars, axion-like particles and heavy neutral leptons, with masses ranging between 0.1 and 10 GeV. This paper reports about the status of the proposal of the SHADOWS experiment, with focus on the detector challenges.
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Schiavone, Francesco, Antonio Meles, Vincenzo Verdoliva, and Manlio Del Giudice. "Does location in a science park really matter for firms’ intellectual capital performance?" Journal of Intellectual Capital 15, no. 4 (2014): 497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-07-2014-0082.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of being located in a science park (SP) on the level of a firm's intellectual capital (IC) performance. Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 183 Italian firms (i.e. 61 tenant and 122 non-tenant firms), and through the GLS technique, the authors regress the firms’ IC performance across various explicative variables including a dummy that discriminates tenant and non-tenant firms. Findings – Consistently with expectations, the results show that the location of a firm in a SP leads to improved IC performance. Moreover, the authors find that some other firm characteristics, such as size, age, and leverage, are important predictors of its IC-based performance. Research limitations/implications – The sample is small and the impact on performance might be biased by factors related to the regional context (e.g. level of industrialization, quality of education, and science system). Practical implications – Implications for policy makers: support the growth of firms in SPs especially in those industries full of firms with scarce performance in IC. Implications for SP managers: they could “sell” (in terms of marketing) to both entrepreneurs to attract and policy makers this result. Implications for institutional investors: they should look at SPs with greater interest to find high-quality firms and improve their screening activity. Originality/value – This paper aims to extend literature about factors explaining the level of a firm's IC performance and the current understanding of the impact of SPs at firm level.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SPS/07"

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Vergolini, Loris. "Coesione sociale in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368657.

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This article examines the relationship between social cohesion and economic vulnerability in Europe. The analyses are build around two main research hypotheses. The first one argues the existence of a direct and negative association between economic inequality and social cohesion. The second supposition states that this connection is mediated by some factors which include the individuals’ position in the stratification system (i.e. social class). Finally, we believe that welfare state could be relevant because it influences both the relationship between social class and economic vulnerability and the link between social cohesion and economic vulnerability. The empirical analysis –based on the European Social Survey (ESS) carried out in 2003– shows the central role played by the welfare state and the existence of a direct and negative connection between social cohesion and economic vulnerability, only partially mediated by the effect of social class.
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Toscano, Giuseppe. "Performance Art: Campo di produzione e aspetti relazionali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368349.

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The study focuses on artists who adopt performance art as a form of creative expression within the world of contemporary visual art. Some performances are extreme exhibitions which often assume violent and aggressive forms; others are quasi-visible events like communication misunderstandings or reiterated behaviors which make the flow of ordinary interaction unusual and sometimes create a feeling of anxiety in the audience. There are of course basic differences between these kinds of performance; nevertheless, in the case of both the most spectacular events and «minimal performances», the artist acts at the borderline of what is explainable, and his/her artistic practices highlight the need to traverse the frontiers between traditional genres, mixing them up or forsaking them. A performance essentially consists in the creation of an interactive event, and artists manage the central elements of the interactive order: the dimension which, according to Erving Goffman, represents a reality in itself, possesses its own logic, and cannot be reduced either to macro-structural dimensions or to individual psychology. The topic of the research reported here can be summarized in the following question: how is it possible to turn a «social interaction» into an «artistic object»? The answer can be articulated on different dimensions: how a performance is projected, arranged and carried out; what happens during performance events; how such events can be recorded and conserved. A performance results from cooperation among a group of people which cannot be defined as a «system»: there are no formal roles, there are no fixed positions, there are no decisional centers. Nevertheless, the basic elements are in place for it to be possible to talk of the existence of an interactional unit: different social actors act together in an intentional, reiterated and settled manner. It is possible to find a great number of events which take place on specific sites and during which artists, venue managers, critics, collectors and performance audiences meet, work together, and share their interests. It is thus possible to use the term «sphere» to refer to a place to which admittance is granted only after an initiation process and rite of passage. In such «spheres» people follow careers based on internal, formal and informal hierarchical ladders. Moreover, there are subjects who act as gatekeepers, and myths and symbols are shared. The research was conducted in Northern Italy, where several towns were selected as central nodes in the Italian contemporary art field. I conducted in-depth interviews with subjects occupying the three main roles in the artistic field: artists, venue managers and curators, and art critics. The selection of the interviewees was based on their strategic position in the field. My purpose was to investigate the node that they occupied in the art world by combining two criteria: first, the spatial position of the environment in which they lived and worked (marginal, peripheral, central); second, the stage of their professional career (beginning, emerging, established).
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Caporusso, Letizia. "Il voto elettronico come processo sociale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368041.

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The research assesses the social impact of introducing automated electoral procedures. Starting with an overview of the current debate in the Italian and in the international arena, it considers the viewpoint of different stakeholders: bureaucrats, politicians, civil society, pressure groups and the market within four case studies (Estonia, Ireland, Great Britain and the Netherlands) to highlight the direct and unexpected consequences of changing a long established habit in such a delicate matter as voting. It also draws data from the largest Italian experimentation of electronic voting in a supervised environment – held in the Autonomous Province of Trento between 2004 and 2009 – to report on the attitudes and on the actual behaviour of electors facing the electronic option. The deployment of multivariate regression models on survey data supports the hypothesis of existing divides between those who are favourable to automation in elections and those who are not, the main cleavages being age and education. Furthermore, a greater degree of trust in the generalised other is needed in e-voting but not perceived in i-voting, while both voting procedures appeal those who are already politically mobilized but less attached to traditions. A greater level of techno-determinism is also related to the propensity of accepting automated procedures. Evidence about the practice of e-voting during the experimentation – gathered by means of an innovative method labelled as parallel ethnography – shows that during the field trial unforeseeable threats occurred to the constitutional requirements of personality, equality and secrecy. This hiatus between instructions and instructed actions calls not only for a more thorough training of electronic scrutinizers but also for a better design of the machine’s interface and for an adequate legal framework, should e-voting become legally binding.
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Orabona, Giusi. "La sicurezza come pratica e network eterogeneo: la sala operatoria e l'allineamento della sociomaterialitÃ." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367850.

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La mia tesi di dottorato si presenta come un lavoro di ricerca empirica che ha messo a fuoco la questione della sicurezza organizzativa quale pratica situata, vale a dire non come mera “assenza di errori†, ma piuttosto come capacità emergente di un contesto organizzativo di funzionare in maniera affidabile, ri-configurando le attività degli attori organizzativi quando si verifica un breakdown. Riferimento empirico della tesi è la sala operatoria, dove la sicurezza di pazienti ed operatori costituisce un elemento inscindibile dalle pratiche lavorative e dalle dinamiche organizzative, dove socialità e materialità risultano intrecciate grazie all’elevata densità tecnologica dell’ambiente operatorio e dove l’interprofessionalità contraddistingue il lavoro d’équipe. Attraverso l’etnografia organizzativa e lo shadowing all’interno dei blocchi operatori di due ospedali italiani, ho indagato quali sono le dinamiche organizzative e lavorative che permettono agli attori organizzativi di performare pratiche mediche sicure, nonché la maniera in cui le diverse dinamiche che entrano in gioco nel corso delle attività quotidiane in sala operatoria favoriscono/ostacolano la creazione e la stabilizzazione della sicurezza. Nella prima parte della tesi ho illustrato il framework teorico e metodologico, mentre nella seconda viene illustrata l’analisi della ricerca condotta. Ciò che è emerso dall’analisi del materiale empirico è che la sicurezza operatoria si costruisce a partire dall’allineamento di tre dinamiche organizzative, quali: processi tecnologici, competenze esperte e conoscenze sensibili, dinamiche comunicative Ciascuna di queste dinamiche fornisce stabilità alle pratiche mediche che hanno luogo in sala ed alla sicurezza operatoria grazie alla maniera in cui si allinea alle altre. Rispetto dunque agli studi sino ad oggi realizzati sul tema, il mio lavoro vuole fornire spunti di riflessione per guardare alla sicurezza come pratica che prende forma a partire non più dal modo in cui una singola dinamica organizzativa consente o ostacola la realizzazione delle attività in sala (in maniera esente da rischi o pericoli potenziali), ma dal modo in cui ciascuna dinamica si aggancia e si allinea alle altre. In tal senso, la sicurezza organizzativa può essere letta ed analizzata quale pratica e network sociomateriale. Nello studio della sicurezza organizzativa, la comprensione e l’analisi della “natura†dei legami tra gli elementi del network permette anche di andare oltre la separazione (spesso forzata) tra gli studi di stampo clinico e manageriale e la letteratura di matrice sociologica: poiché entrambe le letterature sono oggi giunte all’individuazione di alcune dinamiche chiave (in buona parte coincidenti) nella creazione e stabilizzazione della sicurezza organizzativa, potrebbe risultare interessante integrare i risultati prodotti da ricerche condotte da prospettive differenti.
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Capra, Ruggero. "Le rappresentazioni di significato nel servizio sociale nella giustizia penale in contesti orientati dal neoliberismo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367809.

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La ricerca analizza una vicenda in cui si ipotizza in atto un fenomeno di erosione delle politiche del welfare state nel settore penale al fine di comprendere come reagiscono gli assistenti sociali e come definiscono la propria posizione professionale.
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Minello, Alessandra. "Contextual effects on the educational ambition of immigrants' children and natives in Italy and Belgium." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368838.

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The new wave of global immigration to Europe has increased the urgency to discern which aspects of school context and of social interactions within the educational system need to be strengthened in order to create an environment where both immigrant and native students can perform at their best. Looking at educational ambitions allows studying educational performance, in order to estimate the gap between students of migrant backgrounds and natives, and to measure the social integration of immigrants’ children. My presentation aims to identify which resources and interactions within the school environment need to be strengthened with the purpose of improving educational expectations and aspirations of immigrants’ children and natives. First, I explore to what extent school resources, parental involvement in school and family environment shape educational expectations of migrants and natives in two European countries: Belgium and Italy. After delineating this international perspective, I deepen the analysis of the Italian case. I investigate to what extent the expectations and aspirations of the children of immigrants are influenced by the educational expectations of their native schoolmates using data on children of immigrants living in Italy and attending their final year of middle school (8th grade). In the final part of my presentation, I tackle the challenging issue of the impact of the presence of immigrants’ children on the educational aspirations of natives.
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Assirelli, Giulia. "Studying «too much»? A comparative and diachronic analysis of overeducation among tertiary graduates." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367799.

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The aim of this dissertation is to assess if and how institutional features are likely to shape fields of study differentials in the overeducation risk. This issue is addressed with two different perspectives. First it is comparatively analysed how the differential incidence of overeducation among graduates from different fields of study is affected by labour market institutions. Then the effect of the university reform dictated by the guidelines of the Bologna Process on tertiary graduates’ risk of overeducation is evaluated. Italy is selected as a relevant case study for these analyses since, in comparison with other developed countries, it displays both low graduation rates and modest returns to tertiary education.
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Dhaher, Safa. "Al- 'Eizariyah and the Wall: from the quasi-capital of Palestine to an Arab Ghetto. The Impact of the Separation Wall on the Social Capital of the Palestinians in East Jerusalem and the West Bank." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368395.

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This doctoral thesis is about the study of the social capital, its effects on the local development and on the socio-economic resilience of the Palestinians trapped in the East Jerusalem's al-'Eizariyah area. The transformation of al-'Eizariyah since 2002 through the Israeli encroachment on Palestinian land by instrumental use of the Separation Wall policies was analysed and re-state through the lenses of the sociological theory and concepts. Based on the accounts of life stories and interviews with various members of the al-'Eizariyah's former and present community and through the visual data of the changes in al-'Eizariyah and the areas adjacent to the Separation Wall a study of the Palestinian coping and survival strategies was undertaken. The thesis demonstrates how the reality of al-'Eizariyah was changed dramatically in the last two decades despite and in the opposite direction of the Oslo Accords of 1993. To be sure, al-‘Eizariyah, which is located two miles east of Jerusalem, had expanded to adjust to the economic boom of the early post-Oslo years coupled with the political expectations of it being part of the future Palestinian capital. This was disrupted by the failure of the Oslo Accords, and the construction of the Israeli Separation Wall in 2002, which served as an instrument of intimidation and harassment to make Palestinians leave Jerusalem, as this thesis demonstrates. The Wall did not only cut off al-'Eizariyah from the main road that used to connect East Jerusalem to Jericho. The Wall's more sinister and long-term damage has been in the physical and psychological isolation of al-‘Eizariyah and in preventing its residents from being fully integrated in the economic, social, cultural, and political life of the East Jerusalem and of the West Bank. This two-sided effect of the Separation Wall started when most of the people who used to work in East Jerusalem and Israel lost their Jobs, students could no longer study in Jerusalem and had to change schools; the sick no longer could use the healthcare facilities, etc. Former residents of al-'Eizariyah could no longer do any of these basic necessities neither their shopping and entertainment in Jerusalem freely without being humiliated with denial of access to Jerusalem based on the persons' ability to present a Blue ID at the checkpoint, the only ID that is recognized by the Israeli regime. While some social capital forms helped in coping with the difficulties caused by this new reality it was the difference in the pre- and post-Wall situations that were examined in order to understand the impact of the adversity represented by the Wall on the social capital of the Palestinians. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the implications of the construction of the Wall on the socio-economic life of al-‘Eizariyah residents and to study the Israel-Palestine conflict from sociological lens using a case study setting and qualitative analysis approach. This thesis demonstrates positive impact of the Wall on social capital types by where the bonding social capital became stronger yet the trend got reversed. At the community level, the challenges were too large to be handled only by bonding social capital. Therefore, there is a combined effort between the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the local civil society associations and the private sector to overcome problems related to education, health care services, trade and labour in addition to social security caused by the Wall. It was found that bridging social capital and linking social capital were strongly present after the Wall was completed. Although civil society associations are strongly present in al-‘Eizariyah but because the Palestinian society is structured along patrimonial, familial, clannish, tribal and contradictory geographical cleavages, most of these associations work in a way that transformed the intended outcome of bridging social capital to some kind of bonding social capital as the beneficiaries and the participants are mostly from their family, clan members, or those who belong to the same political party, and not the community as a whole. However, observations and the empirical evidence show that bonding is stronger than bridging social capital. The social fragmentation caused by several social forces such as the local-stranger relationship, between the locals of al-‘Eizariyah and the displaced residents, prevented efficient cooperation in solving community problems. Lack of the sense of belonging is not only because the locals always express superiority over the displaced, but also because the displaced themselves do not want to lose their rooted original identity, especially the refugees who settled in the town after the 1948 war. This had a great overall impact on the unity of the Palestinian society especially that ‘the refugees’ communities constitute approximately 42 percent of the total population of the West Bank. The future challenge of the Palestinians in areas such as al-‘Eizariyah is to find ways of detecting de-fragmentation and manipulation policies and develop strategies that would prevent de-fragmentation of the Palestinians being orchestrated by the Israeli Wall policies and that only become apparent with a time lapse when it can be too late.
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9

Vlach, Eleonora. "Diseguali su quale base? Lo svantaggio scolastico dei figli di immigrati in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369116.

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The aim of this research is to analyse the educational gap between native and foreign students in Europe. In last decades, because of the increasing number of immigrants, the sociological literature on the ethnic stratification in education has considerably grown. However, several aspects of the relationship between ethnicity and educational inequality are still under debate. This research is based on the assumption that the gross educational disadvantage of foreign students is due to differences in both achievements and educational choices. I analyse the several dimensions that scholars have identified as being able to influence one of them, or both. The roles played by individual characteristics –micro-level– (such as: social class, cultural background, gender, ethnicity and migration background), by the school context –meso-level– (i.e. peers group, teachers, and the school) and by the institutional context –macro-level– (the educational system and the country’s migration history) will be analytically divided. As different European nations have historically attracted migrants from specific countries in specific periods, individual’s ethnicity has long coincided with his immigration generation. Nowadays, because of the growing number of nationalities present in each country, it is finally possible to separate these two dimensions. Thus, I add to the debate in that I analyse whether ethnicity and migration background influence the individual educational success independently one another and independently of social origins. Moreover, I address whether the relationship between ethnicity and educational inequality is due to primary or secondary effects. In other words, I investigate if ethnicity and migration background influence only academic competences – which than translate in better choices – or if they are also able to directly affect the latter, net of individuals academic skills.
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10

D'Alimonte, Giulia. "Il passato nel presente. Identità e orientamenti politici nei ragionamenti degli elettori di un comune italiano alla vigilia delle Elezioni Europee del 2014." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369270.

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La ricerca mira a ricostruire la definizione della situazione politica che alcuni elettori italiani hanno prodotto per maturare la propria scelta di voto in occasione delle Elezioni Europee del 2014. Per poter agire infatti, gli individui hanno prima bisogno di comprendere la situazione nella quale agiscono. I risultati mostrano che, a seguito dei cambiamenti avvenuti nel panorama politico italiano l'anno precedente, elettori, partiti e leader si sono mossi a velocità diverse, faticando nel condividere una medesima definizione. Rilevare questa situazione di disallineamento aiuta a comprendere, in generale, gli effetti della valence politics sul voto e, nello specifico, il percorso politico dei partiti italiani.
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Conference papers on the topic "SPS/07"

1

Shen, H. P. "A Generic Method for Forward Position Analysis of 3-SPS Type Spherical Parallel Mechanism Based on Coupling Degree Analysis." In Proceedings of The 3rd IFToMM International Symposium on Robotics and Mechatronics, chair H. B. Yin, T. Huang, J. Li, and T. L. Yang. Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7744-9_042.

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