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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spur gears

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Academic literature on the topic 'Spur gears'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Spur gears"

1

Ciupitu, Liviu. "Educational Model for the Kinematic Study of Non-Circular Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 332 (July 2013): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.332.297.

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The noncircular gears are used more and more in industrial applications. The paper presents an educational test rig for the kinematic study of non-circular gears. Two gears are studied from kinematic theoretically point of view: a gear with identically oval spur gears and another gear with identically elliptical spur gears, and simulation diagrams are presented. As for the testing rig, a gear with identically oval spur gears has been used. The researchers are able to draw with high precision the variation curve of output angle with respect to input angle. By using numerical methods for integration and differentiation other diagrams could be drawn and a comparation with simulation diagrams could be made.

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2

Zhai, Guodong, Zhihao Liang, and Zihao Fu. "A Mathematical Model for Parametric Tooth Profile of Spur Gears." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7869315.

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Spur gears are widely used transmission components. In the traditional design process, the noninvolute part of the tooth profile curve is difficult to describe with mathematical equations. This article puts forward a new parametric modeling method, which can describe the modified involute part of spur gears and parameterize and optimize the transition part of the involute curve of the spur gear. And this model of the spur gear can be created by parameters which is input in Scilab software and the spur gear graphic can be completed correspondingly. The experiments show that this modeling method can more quickly produce the standard spur or modified spur gear, and it also improves the efficiency and accuracy of spur gear modeling.

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3

Yousef, Samy, T. A. Osman, M. Khattab, Ahmed A. Bahr, and Ahmed M. Youssef. "A New Design of the Universal Test Rig to Measure the Wear Characterizations of Polymer Acetal Gears (Spur, Helical, Bevel, and Worm)." Advances in Tribology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/926918.

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This work aims to study the wear characterization of common types of acetal polymer gears (spur, helical, bevel, and worm) using a new TS universal test rig, in order to obtain reliable results and as a reference when compared with acetal nanocomposite gears later. The TS universal test rig consists of three different units that are connected by a main driver shaft and a pair of constantly meshing metal spur gears, which transfer power to the bevel and worm test units. The first unit is used to test the bevel gears, the second unit is used to test the spur and helical gears, and the third unit is used to test the worm gears. The loading mechanism is similarly designed to block the brake mechanism. Hobbing and milling machines were used to machine an injection-moulded polymer flanges and produce the tested gears. All gear pairs, except the worm gear, have identical gear ratios. The experiments were performed at speed 1420 rpm and the torque was 4 Nm. The results showed that the wear rates (in the form of weight loss) of spur gears were consistent with the previous results and the other gear types had larger wear rates.

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Ciornei, F.-C., S. Alaci, I.-C. Romanu, and I. Doroftei. "Proposed gear rack cutter for spur gear manufacturing by generating method. Part I: Theoretical and strength analysis arguments." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1262, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1262/1/012042.

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The paper presents the cutting by generating of spur gears using a rack cutter with a modified geometry. In order to find the geometry of the new spur gears, a proper programme has been developed. The geometry of this spur gear is compared with one of a gear with the same parameters but obtained with a standard rack cutter. The differences between the two gears are insignificant but the new tool has a simpler geometry and a higher durability.

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Zhuang, Wuhao, Lin Hua, Xinghui Han, and Liying Dong. "Distribution of Microstructure and Vickers Hardness in Spur Bevel Gear Formed by Cold Rotary Forging." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 809276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/809276.

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Cold rotary forging is a novel metal forming technology which is widely used to produce the high performance gears. Investigating the microstructure and mechanical property of cold rotary forged gears has a great significance in improving their service performance. In this study, the grain morphology in different regions of the spur bevel gear which is processed by cold rotary forging is presented. And the distribution regulars of the grain deformation and Vickers hardness in the transverse and axial sections of the gear tooth are studied experimentally. A three-dimensional rigid-plastic FE model is developed to simulate the cold rotary forging process of a spur bevel gear under the DEFORM-3D software environment. The variation of effective strain in the spur bevel gear has been investigated so as to explain the distribution regulars of the microstructure and Vickers hardness. The results of this research thoroughly reveal the inhomogeneous deformation mechanisms in cold rotary forging of spur bevel gears and provide valuable guidelines for improving the performance of cold rotary forged spur bevel gears.

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Lyashenko, Vyacheslav, and Diana Rudenko. "Modeling Deformation of Spur Gear." International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science 3, no. 2 (September 19, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0302.275.

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In The work considers 11 types of gears, features of their design and application. Analysis of gears designs is carried out, since shape of teeth directly affects process of teeth gearing, and this, in turn, affects load, which causes deformation of elements. 3D model of spur gear was created in ANSYS system. The work was limited by analyzing problem from point of view of gear wheels’ deformation, which were made of 40L carbon steel and carbon composite material. As a result, finite element modeling and analysis of gears using ANSYS system was carried out.

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Götz, Joshua, Sebastian Sepp, Michael Otto, and Karsten Stahl. "Low excitation spur gears with variable tip diameter." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1799.

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One important source of noise in drive trains are transmissions. In numerous applications, it is necessary to use helical instead of spur gear stages due to increased noise requirements. Besides a superior excitation behaviour, helical gears also show additional disadvantageous effects (e.g. axial forces and tilting moments), which have to be taken into account in the design process. Thus, a low noise spur gear stage could simplify design and meet the requirements of modern mechanical drive trains. The authors explore the possibility of combining the low noise properties of helical gears with the advantageous mechanical properties of spur gears by using spur gears with variable tip diameter along the tooth width. This allows the adjustment of the total length of active lines of action at the beginning and end of contact and acts as a mesh stiffness modification. For this reason, several spur gear designs are experimentally investigated and compared with regard to their excitation behaviour. The experiments are performed on a back-to-back test rig and include quasi-static transmission error measurements under load as well as dynamic torsional vibration measurements. The results show a significant improvement of the excitation behaviour for spur gears with variable tip diameter.

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Feng, Ji Ling, and Yi Qin. "Load Bearing Capacity Investigation and Coating Failure Mechanism for Coated Spur Gears." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.491.

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Spur gears are the most common type of gears for industry, due to its simple structures and low costs of manufacture. Under the complex loading conditions, failures can easily occur in the form of de-bonding, pitting, spalling or crushing of coating structures. Failure may originate from initiation of cracks, and its growth and propagation, however, basic failure mechanism is still not clear. In order to investigate the failure mechanism of coating structure failure for the spur gears, this paper presents some understandings about the coating damage at the teeth flank of a spur gear, based on a novel Finite Element simulation-procedures. This modeling procedure was developed based on several modeling approaches including: parameterized FE modeling, Cohesive-Zone Model and sub-modeling technique. The numerical model of spur gear was based on 42CrMo4 steel with PVD coating deposited as TiN/CrN multilayer structures. It was found that greater load bearing capacity exist for spur gears with the coating of nitride states deposited on 42CrMo4 steel.

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Thomas, Benny, K. Sankaranarayansamy, S. Ramachandra, and Suresh Kumar S.P. "Selection of Pressure Angle based on Dynamic Effects in Asymmetric Spur Gear with Fixed Normal Contact Ratio." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.13636.

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Asymmetric spur gears are finding application in many fields including aerospace propulsion and automobile which demand unidirectional or relatively higher load on one side of the gear flank. Design intend to maximise the load carrying capacity of the drive side of asymmetric gear by increasing the pressure angle is achieved at the expense of coast side capacity. Multiple solution for coast to drive side pressure angle exist for a given contact ratio and each of these have relative merits and demerits. In the present work asymmetric spur gears of theoretically equal contact ratio as that of corresponding symmetric gears are selected to investigate the change in gear tooth static transmission error and dynamic behaviour with coast and drive side pressure angle. Study shows that dynamic factor of normal contact ratio asymmetric spur gears below resonance speed are relatively lower than corresponding symmetric gears of same module, contact ratio, number of teeth, coast side pressure angle and fillet radii. Results also show that, coast and drive side pressure angle can be suitably selected for a given contact ratio to reduce the single tooth and double tooth contact static transmission error and dynamic factor of asymmetric spur gears.

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Buran, Amit A., Prof Mahesh P. Chopade, and Dr Vinod S. Gorantiwar. "Analysis of Spur Gear Using Composite Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49762.

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Abstract: Spur gears are the simplest and widely used in power transmission. In recent years it is required to operate machines at varying load and speed. Gear teeth normally fail when load is increased above certain limit. Therefore, it is required to explore alternate materials for gear manufacturing. Composite materials provide adequate strength with weight reduction and they have emerged as a better alternative for replacing metallic gears. Composites provide much improved mechanical properties such as better strength to weight ratio, more hardness, and hence less chances of failure. So, this work is concerned with replacing metallic gear with composite material to improve performance of machine and to have longer working life. Efforts have also been carried out for modeling using 3D modelling software called SOLIDWORKS and finite element analysis of gears using ANSYS. Composite gears have been manufactured by stir casting, which is economical method. Composite gears offer improved properties over steel alloys and these can be used as better alternative for replacing metallic gears.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spur gears"

1

Flodin, Anders. "Wear of spur and helical gears." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Machine Design, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2986.

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Wang, Jiande. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Spur Gears in Mesh." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/879.

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The investigation of numerical methods for modelling the mechanism properties of involute spur gears in mesh, over the mesh cycle, forms the major part of this thesis. Gearing is perhaps one of the most critical components in power transmission systems and the transmission error of gears in mesh is considered to be one of the main causes of gear noise and vibration. Numerous papers have been published on gear transmission error measurement and many investigations have been devoted to gear vibration analysis. There still, however, remains to be developed a general Finite Element Model capable of predicting the effect of variations in rigid body gear tooth position, in which the critical stage is the prediction of gear behaviour with profile modifications (including tip-relief).In this thesis, FEA results have been obtained by using various techniques including: (a) adaptive re-mesh with contacts using quad (2D) and brick (3D) elements and (b) the element birth and death option. Tooth profile modifications can affect the behaviour of the gear meshing including the T.E., ratio of local deformation and load-sharing ratio results, etc, providing an alternative method for gear design. In the high order end, the elastic strains of the gear-shaft system have also been investigated. The results in this thesis have shown the potential for using strain-vibration relationships to monitor or control the transmission system. The investigations have also included some analysis with non-metallic gears, an application area that is rapidly growing. The results achieved here are at a fundamental stage, and further research would necessitate applying a coupled field analysis (structural and thermal).

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Case, Sarah S. "Instantaneous Kinematic Analyses of Spur and Helical Gear Pairs Having Runout and Wobble Errors." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523908436619245.

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4

Wang, Jiande. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Spur Gears in Mesh." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14464.

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The investigation of numerical methods for modelling the mechanism properties ofinvolute spur gears in mesh, over the mesh cycle, forms the major part of this thesis.Gearing is perhaps one of the most critical components in power transmission systemsand the transmission error of gears in mesh is considered to be one of the main causes ofgear noise and vibration. Numerous papers have been published on gear transmissionerror measurement and many investigations have been devoted to gear vibration analysis.There still, however, remains to be developed a general Finite Element Model capable ofpredicting the effect of variations in rigid body gear tooth position, in which the criticalstage is the prediction of gear behaviour with profile modifications (including tip-relief).In this thesis, FEA results have been obtained by using various techniques including: (a)adaptive re-mesh with contacts using quad (2D) and brick (3D) elements and (b) theelement birth and death option. Tooth profile modifications can affect the behaviour ofthe gear meshing including the T.E., ratio of local deformation and load-sharing ratioresults, etc, providing an alternative method for gear design. In the high order end, theelastic strains of the gear-shaft system have also been investigated. The results in thisthesis have shown the potential for using strain-vibration relationships to monitor orcontrol the transmission system.The investigations have also included some analysis with non-metallic gears, anapplication area that is rapidly growing. The results achieved here are at a fundamentalstage, and further research would necessitate applying a coupled field analysis (structuraland thermal).

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5

Ozturk, Fatih Mehmet. "Optimum Design Of Multistep Spur Gearbox." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606749/index.pdf.

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Optimum design of multistep gearbox, since many high-performance power transmission applications (e.g., automotive, space industry) require compact volume, has become an important interest area. This design application includes more complicated problems that are not taken into account while designing single stage gear drives. Design applications are generally made by trial and error methods depending on the experience and the intuition of the designer. In this study, using Visual Basic 6.0, an interactive program is developed for designing multistep involute standard and nonstandard spur gearbox according to the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) Standards 218.01 and 2001- B88. All the equations for calculating the pitting resistance geometry factor I, and the bending strength geometry factor J, are valid for external spur gears that are generated by rack-type tools (rack cutters or hobs). The program is made for twostage to six-stage gear drives, which are commonly used in the industry. Compactness of gear pairs and gearbox, and equality of factor of safety against bending failure is taken as the design objective. By considering the total required gear ratio, the number of reduction stages is input by the user. Gear ratios of every stage is distributed to the stages according to the total gear ratio that satisfies the required precision (from ±
0.1 to ±
0.00001 on overall gear ratio) depending on the user selected constraints (unequal gear ratio for every stage, noninteger gear ratio e.g.). Dimensional design is determined by considering bending stress, pitting stress, and involute interference constraints. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The necessary parameters for configuration design such as number of teeth, module, addendum modification coefficient, are selected from previously determined gear pairs that satisfies the constraints by user interaction considering the performance criterion from the developed program. The positions of gears and shafts are determined automatically in order to keep the volume of gearbox as minimum while satisfying the nonlinear spatial constraints (center distance constraint for proper meshing of gear pairs, face distance constraint for proper assembly of pinion and gear having same shaft, gear interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears, shaft interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears and shafts) by using DLL (Dynamic Link Library) technology of Lingo 8.0 optimization software together with Visual Basic 6.0. If shaft interference constraint is removed then cantilevered mounting of gear pairs would also be possible, otherwise the gears should be mounted between bearings. Visual output of assembly is made by using Autodesk Inventor 7.0, automatically by the program.

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White, John. "The design and evaluation of polymer composite spur gears." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647446.

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Sadeghi, Mohammad Hossain. "Precision forging axisymmetric shapes, straight and helical spur gears." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.712700.

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8

Xinmin, Li. "Efficiency and wear properties of spur gears made of powder metallurgy materials." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187446.

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Powder metallurgy (PM) is usually used in manufacturing parts with complex geometries, such as gears and structural parts. The main attractions of PM are the high rate of material utilization, environmental friendliness of production, economic advantages (especially for complex geometries), and possibility of obtaining lighter components. To find a wide range of applications and compete with regular steel gears, PM gear transmissions should have good transmission efficiency and wear properties. Furthermore, they should have low contact noise and adequate surface fatigue properties. Because of the porosity structure of PM gears both on gear flanks and in the body, the friction and wear properties of PM gear flank contacts differ somewhat from those of regular steel gears. This doctoral thesis examines the efficiency and wear properties of PM gears. Paper A compares the wear, friction, and damage mechanism properties of two sintered gear materials with those of a standard gear material. Paper B deals with the gear mesh torque loss mechanism of PM and regular steel gears by combining both pin-on-disc frictional and FZG efficiency tests. Paper C comparatively examines the efficiency of PM and regular steel gears by conducting FZG gear efficiency tests. Paper D focuses on the wear and friction properties of PM and regular steel gear materials treated using the triboconditioning process. Paper E studies the friction and wear properties attributable to different pore sizes in PM gear materials. The results indicate that regular steel meshed with PM gear material and PM meshed with PM gear material are good candidate combinations for gear transmissions. This is because the porosities of PM material can lower the friction coefficient while the wear rate can be the same as or even better than that of regular steel contacts. The triboconditioning process enhances the wear resistance and reduces the friction coefficient of the PM gear material. The friction and wear coefficients of PM meshed with PM gear material display increasing trends with increasing pore size. The friction and wear coefficients of regular steel meshed with PM gear material display decreasing trends with increasing pore size.

QC 20160523

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9

Steward, Julian Holmes. "Elastic analysis of load distribution in wide-faced spur gears." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/804.

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The load distribution across the contact line(s) of spur gears is essential for the gear designer to be able to accurately stress gears for a given application. Existing gear standards (eg BS 436, AGMA 218 DIN 3990) use a thin slice (2D) model of the meshing gear teeth to estimate the contact line load distribution. This approach clearly fails to model properly teeth subjected to mal-distributed loads, since the buttressing effect of adjacent tooth sections tends to flatten the load distribution. Non-linear tooth modifications such as crowning and some forms of lead correction are also inadequately modelled. This thesis sets out the theory for a 3D elastic model of widefaced- spur gears that has been implemented on a micro-computer. The required 3D contact line influence coefficients for standard form zero modification spur gears with 18 to 100 teeth have been determined by Finite Element analysis. These theoretical values have been compared with results from experiments carried out on a complete large module (18. Omm) wide-faced spur gear. The effect of the various elemental gear errors (eg pitch, profile, lead) and profile modifications have been investigated using the 3D computer model; the results compared with results predicted by the existing gear design standards. The existing gear standards use 2D tooth compliance values up to 50% less than those obtained in this work, largely due to inadequate modelling of the gear body compliance, which is most significant in gear wheels. Comparison of 3D tooth compliance values shows a large discrepancy between author's results again due to inadequate modelling of the gear body.

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Wright, Zachary Harrison. "Loaded Transmission Error Measurement System for Spur and Helical Gears." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230916489.

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Books on the topic "Spur gears"

1

The geometry of involute gears. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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2

United States. Army Aviation Systems Command. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Townsend, Dennis P. Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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4

V, Zaretsky Erwin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, eds. Effect of five lubricants on life of AISI 9310 spur gears. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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V, Zaretsky Erwin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Effect of five lubricants on life of AISI 9310 spur gears. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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V, Zaretsky Erwin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Effect of five lubricants on life of AISI 9310 spur gears. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Litvin, F. L. Spur gears: Optimal geometry, methods for generation and tooth contact analysis (TCA) program. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.

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L, Rubadeux K., Coe Harold H, United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., and U.S. Army Research Laboratory., eds. Bending strength model for internal spur gear teeth. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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9

N, Bamberger Eric, United States. Army Aviation Systems Command., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Surface fatigue life of M50NiL and AISI 9310 spur gears and R C bars. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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N, Bamberger Eric, United States. Army Aviation Systems Command., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Surface fatigue life of M50NiL and AISI 9310 spur gears and R C bars. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spur gears"

1

Errichello, Robert. "Spur Gears." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3231–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_15.

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Rao, J. S. "Spur Gears." In Kinematics of Machinery Through HyperWorks, 187–228. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1156-3_6.

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Ugural, Ansel C. "Spur Gears." In Mechanical Engineering Design, 425–66. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003251378-14.

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Colbourne, J. R. "Gear Cutting I, Spur Gears." In The Geometry of Involute Gears, 110–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4764-7_6.

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Colbourne, J. R. "Tooth Stresses in Spur Gears." In The Geometry of Involute Gears, 241–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4764-7_12.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Interference Between External Spur Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 139–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8_4.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Interference Between Internal Spur Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 181–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8_5.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "The Geometry of Involute Spur Gears." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 39–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36502-8_2.

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Diez-Ibarbia, A., A. Fernández del Rincón, M. Iglesias, and F. Viadero. "Efficiency Analysis of Shifted Spur Gears." In New Advances in Mechanisms, Transmissions and Applications, 65–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7485-8_9.

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Singh, Akant Kumar, Siddhartha, and Sanjay Yadav. "Transmission Efficiency of Polymer Spur Gears Meshing with Polymer as Well as Metal Spur Gears." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 167–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spur gears"

1

Osakue, Edward E. "Simplified Spur Gear Design." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65426.

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A simplified design method (SDM) for spur gears is presented. The Hertz contact stress and Lewis root bending stress capacity models for spur gears have been reformulated and formatted into simplified forms. A scheme is suggested for estimating the AGMA J-factor in Lewis root bending stress for spur gears from a single curve for both pinion and gear instead of the conventional two curves. A service load factor is introduced in gear design that accounts for different conventional rated load modifier factors. It represents a magnification factor for the rated load in a gear design problem. Two design examples are considered for applications of the stress capacity models. In Example 1, the Hertz contact stress of the SDM deviates from AGMA value by 1.95%. The variance in Example 2 between the contact stress of the SDM and FEM is 1.184% while that between SDM and AGMA is 0.09%. The root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for the pinion in Example 1 differs by 1.44% and that for the gear by 6.59%. The difference between the root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for pinion and gear in Example 2 is 0.18%. These examples suggest that the new simplified method gives results that compare very favorably with both AGMA and FEM solutions. The simplified method developed is recommended mainly for preliminary design when quick but reliable solutions are sought.

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Nguyen, Tuan H. "Compact Design of High-Contact-Ratio Spur Gears." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23052.

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Abstract This study presents a computer simulation for the dynamic design of compact high-contact-ratio spur gear transmissions. High contact ratio gears have the potential to produce lower dynamic tooth loads and minimum root stress but they can be sensitive to tooth profile errors. The analysis presented in this work was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST (Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear Transmissions). In the analysis, the addendum ratio (addendum/diametral pitch) was varied over the range 1.30 to 1.40 to obtain a contact ratio of 2.00 or higher. The constraints of bending stress limit and involute interference provide the main criteria for this investigation. Compact design of high-contact-ratio gears with different gear ratios and pressure angles was investigated. Comparison of compact design between low-contact-ratio and high-contact-ratio gears was conducted. With the same operating parameters, high-contact-ratio gears appear to have much more compact design than low-contact-ratio gears. For compact design of high-contact-ratio gears, a diametral pitch of 6.00 appears to be the best choice for an optimal gear set.

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Faggioni, M., F. Pellicano, A. Andrisano, and G. Bertacchi. "Dynamic Optimization of Spur Gears." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34658.

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This paper presents a global optimization method able to find gear profile modifications that minimize vibrations. A non linear dynamic model is used to study the vibrational behavior; the dynamic model is validated using data available in literature. The optimization method takes into account the influence of torque levels both on the static and the dynamic response. Therefore, two different objective functions are considered; the first one is based on static analysis and the second one is based on the dynamic behavior of a lumped mass system. The procedure can find the optimal profile modification that reduce the vibrations over a wide range of operating conditions. In order to reduce the computational cost, a Random-Simplex optimization algorithm is developed; the optimum reliability is also estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The approach shows good performances both for the computational efficiency and the reliability of results.

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Tsay, Chung-Biau. "Computer Aided Design of Internal Involute Spur Gears." In ASME 1988 Design Technology Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1988-0046.

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Abstract The modern theory of gearing provides principles of generation for conjugate gear tooth surfaces while computer aided design is a very powerful tool in designing a gear train with conjugate shaped tooth surfaces. It is possible to set up a mathematical model for internal involute spur gears if the theory of gearing and the concept of differential geometry together with computer aided design technique have been applied. The derived mathematical model of internal involute spur gears can be used for computer simulation of conditions of meshing, tooth contact analysis, stress analysis, dynamic analysis, lubricating analysis, and wearing analysis of the gear train. This paper covered the solutions to the following problems : (a) method of generation for internal spur gears with conjugate tooth surfaces; (b) derivation of equations for gear tooth surfaces and their surface unit normals; and (c) computer graphics of generated internal involute spur gears.

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Yamanaka, Masashi, Shinji Miwa, Katsumi Inoue, and Yoshiki Kawasaki. "Bending Strength of Carburized Forged Spur Gear." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34882.

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This paper deals with the evaluation of influence of the manufacturing methods precision forging and conventional hobbing on the bending fatigue strength of carburized gears. The forging has advantages in productivity and strength. The forged gear has a continuous directed fiber flow which runs along the gear profile. To clarify the effect of strength enhancement, a bending fatigue test is performed for the forged and the hobbed gears. The material of test gears is SCr420H in the JIS and all gears are carburized. The electrohydraulic servo-controlled fatigue tester is used in the constant stress-amplitude fatigue test. The strength is expressed by the fillet stress level, which is calculated by FEM. The obtained strengths of forged and hobbed gear are 1613 MPa and 1490 MPa, respectively. The strength of forged gear is increased 8% in comparison with that of the hobbed gear. The surface hardness is higher and the surface roughness is smaller in the forged gear, however, the residual stress is approximately same. The effect of improvement of the roughness by forging on the strength is small in 1%, and the main reason of the improvement of fatigue strength is considered as the continuous fiber flow.

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Yılmaz, Tufan Gürkan, Onur Can Kalay, Fatih Karpat, and Stephen Ekwaro-Osire. "Stress Analysis of Additive Manufactured Lightweight Spur Gears." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73666.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing processes (AMP) have grown and spread in the last twenty years. Additive manufacturing methods, which were first used for plastic materials, are now increasingly finding a place in metals. With these methods, more lightweight component designs which cannot be generated with traditional methods can be manufactured. With the spreading of electric drive vehicles, weight reduction is becoming more important since weight is primarily responsible for energy consumption. There is a one-stage gear system in electric vehicles in general. For this reason, the subject of reducing the mass of gears is gaining importance. The weight reduction can be achieved with holes and slots on the gear body for involute spur gears or reducing gear web thickness. Several optimization methods can be used for this aim. Another way is to use light materials for the gear body, while steel material is used in the tooth-rim region. Carbon fiber composites are preferred for this purpose. However, using adhesives to join steel and carbon fiber reinforced plastics may cause problems in different environmental conditions. On the other side, parts are generated with single material with AMP methods. In this study, involute spur gears with different designs convenient for generation by AMP are created in a 3D CAD program. The involute tooth region is defined as design space. The effects of different designs on root stress and tooth stiffness are investigated by finite element analyses. For this purpose, the mathematical modeling of involute spur gear is set to get points of a tooth based on Litvin’s approach in MATLAB. A point cloud code is obtained and imported to the 3D CAD program. After that, three teeth 3D finite element spur gear models are generated. Static analyses are conducted in ANSYS. Meshing force is implemented on the highest point single tooth contact line. Root stress value is the most important reason for tooth root fatigue, one of the most common failure modes of involute spur gears. Tooth deflection and stiffness are significant parameters for the dynamic behavior of involute spur gears. The tooth stiffness affects mesh stiffness and transmission error which are the primary source of gear whine. For these reasons, tooth root stress and tooth deflection values should be determined for different gear designs. In this study, stress analyses of additive manufactured gears are conducted with the finite element method. The effect of shell thickness, infill radius, and infill stiffener on tooth root stress and deformation is recorded. According to the results, shell thickness is the most effective parameter on the root stress and deformation. It is followed by infill orientation angle and infill radius, respectively.

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Taleb, Abdelmajid Ait, Mehdi El Amine, Mohammed Sallaou, and Hamid Zaghar. "Multi-level optimization of gear trains with spur gears." In 2019 5th International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoa.2019.8727684.

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Molnar, Jakab, Attila Csoban, and Peter T. Zwierczyk. "Analysis Of Tip Relief Profiles For Involute Spur Gears." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0147.

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The main goal of this research was to study the influence of involute spur gear tip relief on the contact stress at the engagement meshing point (the begining point of the line of contact A). Different predefined involute spur gears and modification parameters (amount and length of modification) were already available from previous studies (Schmidt 2019). In this study, both the drive and the driven gear has tip relief. The modification of the gear profile was achieved through the modification of the gear rack cutter’s profile. This way the profil modification of the gear profiles are generated during the gear generation (gear planning) process. The gears have been nitrided, so after the gear manufacturing process, the heat treatment did not defrom the modified gear profile. The gear modifications were generated in a CAD system, and the calculations were made with FEM. The results show that the tip relief influences the magnitude of the gear contact stress at the first meshig point. With the use of tip relief modification, the contact stress of the meshing gears can be reduced at the beginning of the meshing line.

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Glover, Rodney. "Design of High Speed Gears, Low Load Gears for Minimizing Gear Whine Noise." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13676.

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The main purpose of the supercharger timing gears is to keep the rotors from contacting each other. They are often lightly loaded and designed for low noise. As timing gears, they have by definition a ratio of 1.0. Furthermore, the timing gears are presently spur gears due to the cost of assembling helical gears onto the rotor shafts without allowing timing errors between the rotors. The original timing gear designs were spur gears with contact ratios slightly above 2.0. A major NVH issue has been gear whine noise, because most applications are in luxury vehicles and are evaluated with the hood open and the engine at idle. In this operating condition, the background noise is very low and any tonal gear whine noise is audible. The first effort was to push the gear manufacturing quality to the limits of modern grinding capability. In order to further reduce gear whine noise, the designs have evolved to finer pitch gearing with a contact ratio over 3.0 to reduce transmission error. Micro-geometries were optimized for low transmission error (TE) at low load. OSU Gear Lab’s RMC and LDP became primary tools in optimizing the gear designs for minimum TE. An important factor when increasing the contact ratio is to not increase the sliding friction significantly to keep the fixed oil sump temperature from increasing too much and cause wear issues in operation. Typically, the new high contact ratio spur gear designs in production have reduced the gear whine levels by more than 6 dB and have had very few noise complaints.

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Kotorii, H. "Tooth Surface Fatigue of AISI9310 Steel Spur Gears." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0096.

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Abstract With a JIS 0 class Spur Gears of AISI9310 steel, module 4, presure angle 25 degree tooth profile, the numbers of pinion teeth 21 / gear teeth 29 carburized and tooth surface hardness HRc 59, the relationships of the load and the service life (S-N) diagram were investigated by running test on the power-circulated type gear tester. MIL-L-23699 equivalent synthetic oil at 50° C were fed at a ratio of 0.8 l/min and circumferential velocity of 8.8 m/sec. Also the running performance of the gears, variation of tooth profile errors, affairs of damage, etc. were examined. Types of tooth surface fatigue mere scoring, spalling, or micropitting. A durability limit of Hertz-stress was assumed to be around 2GPa at the load cycle of 108.

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Reports on the topic "Spur gears"

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Coe, Harold H. Spur-Gear Optimization Using SPUROPT Computer Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241379.

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Bibel, G. D., S. K. Reddy, M. Savage, and R. F. Handschuh. Effects of Rim Thickness on Spur Gear Bending Stress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239500.

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Riggs, Mark R., Stephen P. Berkebile, Adrian A. Hood, and Brian D. Dykas. Simulating Army-Relevant Spur Gear Contacts with a Ball-on-Disc Tribometer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622119.

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