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Journal articles on the topic 'Spur'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tombesi, Sergio, Bruce D. Lampinen, Samuel Metcalf, and Theodore M. DeJong. "Spur Fruit Set Is Negatively Related with Current-year Spur Leaf Area in Almond." HortScience 50, no. 2 (2015): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.322.

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Almond spurs are known to be the primary bearing unit in almond tree and are subject to alternate bearing. Fruits are a strong sink in bearing spurs and can influence spur leaf growth. At the same time the percent of flowers that set fruit on a spur (spur relative fruit set) could be influenced by the competition among multiple flowers/fruits borne on the same spur as well as by limited leaf area on the same spur. The aim of the present work was to investigate the relationship between current-year spur leaf area and spur absolute and relative fruit set. Approximately 2400 spurs were tagged and

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Heerema*, Richard J., Ted M. De Jong, and Steven A. Weinbaum. "Almond Spur Autonomy: Leaf Growth, Floral Initiation and Spur Survival." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 851B—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.851b.

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Spurs are the primary bearing unit in mature `Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) trees. Our objective was to determine whether almond spurs behave autonomously with respect to various biological activities throughout the season. If autonomous, a spur's carbohydrate demands are met primarily by its own leaves and, therefore, the sink to source ratio of the spur itself is expected to be closely linked to its growth and development. In these experiments almond spurs differing in leaf area and/or fruit number were monitored for leaf development, fruit set, floral initiation, spur

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3

Gezer, H. H., O. Pehlivan, and M. T. Duruöz. "AB0991 RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF FOOT SPURS IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 1716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4526.

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BackgroundAlthough bone spurs are frequently seen in non-inflammatory diseases, they can also be seen with inflammation of the enthesis areas, especially in spondyloarthritis (SpA).ObjectivesTo investigate the radiological evaluation of foot spurs in SpA and compare the characteristics between the SpA and degenerative diseases.MethodsThis ongoing study included 168 (124 women) patients with radiographic plantar or achilles spur. Age, disease duration, and body mass indexes were recorded. Patients were categorized with inflammatory [non-radiographic SpA (nr-AxSpA), radiographic SpA (r-AxSpA), p

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4

Rom, Curt R., and Bruce Barritt. "Spur Development of `Delicious' Apple as Influenced by Position, Wood Age, Strain, and Pruning." HortScience 25, no. 12 (1990): 1578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1578.

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The role of spur leaves in bud and fruit development on two spur-type `Delicious' apple strains (Malus domestica Borkh.) and factors affecting spur development were studied. Reducing spur leaf area on vegetative spurs in August reduced the number of spurs that flowered the following year but did not affect flower size. On spurs that did flower, leaf area reduction the previous year did not influence leaf number or area, but the bourse shoot leaf area was reduced. Spur bud diameter, leaf area, size, specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf dry weight were larger on 2-year-old vegetative spurs than

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Barritt, Bruce H., Curt R. Rom, Kurt R. Guelich, S. R. Drake, and Marc A. Dilley. "Canopy Position and Light Effects on Spur, Leaf, and Fruit Characteristics of ‘Delicious’ Apple." HortScience 22, no. 3 (1987): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.3.402.

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Abstract Spur leaf and fruit characteristics at harvest were measured near the central leader at 1, 2, and 3 m above ground on 17-year-old trees of ‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Percentages of full sunlight at 1 (bottom), 2 (middle), and 3 m (top) positions were 9, 23, and 48, respectively. Vegetative spurs at the top had greater average leaf dry weight, total leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight per spur, specific leaf weight (SLW), and bud diameter than spurs at the bottom. Fruiting spurs at the top had greater leaf dry weight, leaf dry weight per spur, SLW, bud

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6

Vaishnav, Dr Devanshi, Dr Dipali Trivedi, and Dr Jyoti Bhardwaj. "Study of calcaneal spur and its correlation with the talar articular facets of calcanei." December 2022 14, no. 2 (2022): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines20221220.

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Background & aims: A spur is bony outgrowth at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon into bone. The aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of calcaneal spur in relation to morphological variations of talar articular facets of calcaneus. Material & Method: Study comprised of 350 dry adult calcanei of unknown age and sex from Department of Anatomy, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Calcanei were classified according to its talar articular facets and compare its relation with the calcaneal spur. Result: Out of the 350 calcanei 128 presented with spurs among them planter sp

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7

Rom, Curt R., and David C. Ferree. "The Influence of Fruiting and Shading of Spurs and Shoots on Spur Performance." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 3 (1986): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.3.352.

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Abstract Leaves of spurs and/or shoots of small fruiting ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apple trees were exposed to light or shade treatments from 60 days after petal fall until fruit maturity. Shading spurs reduced spur leaf photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr), but shading shoots had no effect on spur leaf Pn. There was no difference between fruiting and nonfruiting spur Pn and Tr. Shading shoots reduced fruit growth and delayed maturity, but shading spurs had no effect on either. Fruiting reduced—but did not eliminate—spur flowering the following year. Light conditions late in the season had

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8

Arshad, Z., A. Ammar, M. Arshad, et al. "Association between Achilles and Plantar Calcaneal Spur in Pakistani Population Presenting with Pain." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 1259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561259.

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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and associationbetween Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the radiology department Combined Military Hospital Lahore from October 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty five patients were enrolled. The age and sex of the patients were recorded. Lateral foot and/ or ankle radiographs were evaluated for presence of calcaneal spurs. Results:Mean age 38 years.There were 268 (80%) males and 67 (20%) females. 30.7% patients had

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9

Robinson, Terence L., and Zhongbo Ren. "EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SHADE AND FOLIAR NUTRIENT SPRAYS ON APPLE SPUR VIGOR AND PERFORMANCE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1113c—1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1113c.

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Eleven year-old Empire/M.7 apple trees were shaded continously for 4 years with half-tree shading cages. Shading reduced primary spur leaf duration, bourse shoot leaf area, specific leaf weight, spur diameter and bud diameter. Over the four years, shaded spurs continued to increase in length but spur diameter increased very little resulting in long and brittle spurs. However, shaded spurs continued to flower and set fruit. Leaf area development was similar inside and outside the cages at one week after bloom but by 2 weeks after bloom, spurs inside the cages had significantly lower leaf area.

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10

Travers, Steven E., Ethan J. Temeles, and Irvin Pan. "The relationship between nectar spur curvature in jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) and pollen removal by hummingbird pollinators." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 2 (2003): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-014.

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Floral nectar spurs are hypothesized to have had a major role in the evolution of floral diversity and plant-pollinator coadaptation. We examined variation in the degree of nectar spur curvature in two species of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis and Impatiens pallida) pollinated by different sets of pollinators. To distinguish between adaptive and nonadaptive explanations for between-species differences in curvature, we determined the relationship between spur curvature and pollen removal, which is one estimate of male reproductive success. Spur curvature exhibited considerable variation both wit

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11

Sewda, Surendra Kumar, Dinesh Chander Chaudhary, Sukhbir Singh Chopra, Dhruv Jain, and Vivek Kumar Thakur. "Bonded lingual spur to intercept thumb sucking habit: A clinical pearl." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 8, no. 1 (2024): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2024.016.

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Thumb sucking is usually treated with ﬁxed and removable palatal cribs and lingual spurs. Bonded lingual spurs were envisioned and designed based on the principles of conventional Orthodontic spurs. Bonded lingual spur has some apparent advantages over banded lingual spur such as no need of molar banding, small size, low cost, superior esthetics, less laboratory preparation, easy insertion and reduced clinical time. This case pearl describes an innovative method of fabrication of bonded lingual spur.

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12

Roper, Teryl R., Wayne H. Loescher, John Keller, and Curt R. Rom. "Sources of Photosynthate for Fruit Growth in ‘Bing’ Sweet Cherry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, no. 5 (1987): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.5.808.

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Abstract Source–sink relationships in sweet cherry were altered by girdling limbs both above and below fruiting spurs. Spurs isolated by girdling both above and below had lower total fruit weight per spur and lower weight per fruit then those above or below girdles. Fruit number per spur was not altered, but soluble solids and fruit color were lower in fruits from isolated spurs than fruit from spurs either above or below girdles. Fruit on spurs above girdles were generally highest in soluble solids and fruit color. These factors indicate fruit on isolated spurs also were delayed in maturity.

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13

Warrington, Ian J., David C. Ferree, James R. Schupp, Frank G. Dennis, and Tara A. Baugher. "Strain and Rootstock Effects on Spur Characteristics and Yield of `Delicious' Apple Strains." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 3 (1990): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.3.348.

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The characteristics of 1-year-old vegetative spurs growing on 2-year-old branches were measured on 28 `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) strains growing on M.7 rootstocks at Clarksville, Mich., and on 23 strains of `Delicious' on M.7a rootstocks at Kearneysville, W.Va. Spur-type strains typically had densities >20 to 21 spurs/m, and high spur leaf numbers, leaf areas per spur, leaf areas per leaf, and terminal bud diameters, whereas values for standard strains were generally lower. However, for most spur quality characteristics, there was a continuous range of values between the ext

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14

JS, Sreevidhya. "Calcaneal Spur and Homoeopathy: Review Article." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230810.

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The plantar fascia's calcaneal end ossifies, forming a calcaneal spur. Although they are frequently asymptomatic, heel spurs can occasionally cause heel pain and interfere with daily activities. We have a wide selection of heel spur medications in homoeopathy. Here, an effort is made to comprehend heel spur symptoms and to explain how homoeopathy treats calcaneal spurs. Keywords: Homoeopathy, Stress, heel pain, Inflammation.

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Song, Hyun Seok, and Hyungsuk Kim. "Anatomical Analysis of Bicipital Groove and Its Spur Formation Using 3D-CT: A Retrospective Observational Study." Life 14, no. 12 (2024): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14121529.

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Concomitant long head of biceps (LHB) pathologies commonly occur with rotator cuff tears, but LHB problems are often underestimated. There is a lack of studies on the correlation between bicipital groove morphology and biceps pathology, as well as the significance of bony spurs around the groove. This study analyzed the anatomical parameters of the bicipital groove and spur formation using 3D-CT in 111 patients. Biceps spurs were evaluated using 3D and 2D-CT images, and patients were grouped by age (below and above 55 years). The detection rate of biceps spur was higher with 3D-CT (54.0%) than

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16

Noda, M., and K. Mizuno. "ANATOMICAL STUDY FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACROMIAL SPUR UTILIZING MACERATED SKELETONS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 03, no. 04 (1999): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957799000282.

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In clarifying the pathogenesis of an acromial spur formation, sixty macerated whole body skeletons were studied by utilizing visual measurement. The criterion for judging the presence of spurs was determined as spurs: >3 mm. Spur formation at eight different extra-spinal skeletal bones was measured bilaterally. Additionally, the morphological features of acromial spurs were classified. Comparative study on the paired acromial spur, both in the length and the morphology, was demonstrated to be significantly symmetric. Moreover, in the case of bilateral giant acromial spur presence: >4 mm,

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17

Puzey, Joshua R., Sharon J. Gerbode, Scott A. Hodges, Elena M. Kramer, and L. Mahadevan. "Evolution of spur-length diversity in Aquilegia petals is achieved solely through cell-shape anisotropy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1733 (2011): 1640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1873.

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The role of petal spurs and specialized pollinator interactions has been studied since Darwin. Aquilegia petal spurs exhibit striking size and shape diversity, correlated with specialized pollinators ranging from bees to hawkmoths in a textbook example of adaptive radiation. Despite the evolutionary significance of spur length, remarkably little is known about Aquilegia spur morphogenesis and its evolution. Using experimental measurements, both at tissue and cellular levels, combined with numerical modelling, we have investigated the relative roles of cell divisions and cell shape in determini

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18

Elsysy, Mokhles A., and Peter M. Hirst. "Flowering in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple Shows That Spurs Are Semiautonomous Organs." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 148, no. 3 (2023): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs05281-22.

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Irregular flowering and biennial bearing are challenging in many apple (Malus ×domestica) cultivars such as Honeycrisp. Apple flowering is influenced by many factors including crop load, fruit weight, seed number, and bourse shoot length. However, it is unclear how these factors exert their control. We investigated flowering in ‘Honeycrisp’ and whether flower formation is regulated locally within the spur or if it is under the control of the whole tree system. Treatments consisting of 30 to 240 fruit per tree with one or two fruit per spur were applied, and seed number, fruit weight, bourse sh

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Elderfield, Harry, Adam Schultz, Rachael James, et al. "Brent Spar or Broken Spur?" Nature 376, no. 6537 (1995): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376208a0.

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Wallace, Helen, and Paul Johnston. "Brent Spar or Broken Spur?" Nature 376, no. 6537 (1995): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376208b0.

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Colles, W. M. "Brent Spar or Broken Spur?" Nature 376, no. 6537 (1995): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376208c0.

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Rani, Archana, Rakesh Kumar Verma, Arvind Kumar Pankaj, Nikhil Aggarwal, Rakesh Kumar Diwan, and Garima Sehgal. "Heel Pain and Calcaneal Enthesophytes: A Radiological Evaluation." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 8670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2023.157.

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Introduction: The calcaneal spur is the leading cause of heel pain. While prior anatomical studies have often utilized cadaveric specimens, there is a dearth of data correlating heel pain with the presence of a calcaneal spur across different age groups and gender. Aim: To evaluate the association of heel pain with plantar, dorsal, or both calcaneal spur and their correlation with age and gender in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow, from January 2023 to March 2023. Informed con

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Rai, Sanjay K., Tej P. Gupta, Prashant Rajauria, and Rohan Satish Munde. "Bilateral Paired Calcaneal Spur: A Rare Entity." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 13, no. 11 (2023): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2023.v13.i11.4048.

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Introduction: Heel pain is one of the most common painful conditions of the foot. There are many causes of heel pain, which are usually associated with calcaneal spurs. Hence, it becomes imperative to diagnose and treat them effectively. The development of calcaneal spur is somewhat not well known but is often said to be developed from inflamed plantar fascia. Heel being weight-bearing part of the body, it is very painful something and adversely affects the activity of daily living. Calcaneal spurs are fibrocartilaginous triangular projections from an insertional area of the plantar fascia. Ca

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Ujjainkar, Bhawna, Diksha Nagrale, and Tushar Ubare. "Role of Physiotherapy in Middle-Aged Patient with Calcaneal Spur - A Case Report." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 3 (2022): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220323.

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Introduction: A calcaneal spur is a bony protrusion that occurs in the bottom section of the calcaneus, the most typical area for calcaneal spurs to grow, it is also known as a heel spur. Calcaneal spurs are frequently connected with plantar fasciitis-related heel pain. The calcaneus is an afoot skeleton component that provides posterior support for the foot's bony arches. The heel prominence is produced by the calcaneum, the largest, strongest, and longest of the seven tarsal bones. An osteophytic protrusion (calcaneal or heel spur or enthesophytes) extends throughout the whole breadth of the

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Smith, William K., James A. Noriega, and William K. Smith. "Resection of a Plantar Calcaneal Spur Using the Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) Laser." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 91, no. 3 (2001): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-91-3-142.

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Many procedures have been described for the resection of plantar calcaneal spurs as treatment of heel spur syndrome and chronic plantar fasciitis. Most of these techniques involve a medial incision of between 2 and 6 cm for adequate exposure of the calcaneal spur. This article describes a new technique for resecting a calcaneal spur with a smaller medial incision using the holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. This laser permits adequate resection of a plantar calcaneal spur as well as coagulation of the bone and surrounding tissues. This minimally invasive procedure has been used wi

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Elsysy, Mokhles A., Michael V. Mickelbart, and Peter M. Hirst. "Effect of Fruiting and Biennial Bearing Potential on Spur Quality and Leaf Gas Exchange in Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, no. 1 (2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04524-18.

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Uniform annual apple (Malus ×domestica) fruit production is highly dependent on consistent flower formation from year to year, as inconsistent flowering can lead to the biennial bearing observed in some high-value cultivars. The presence of fruit on a spur has been considered the main cause of the expression of biennial bearing and the inhibition of flower initiation, with a number of theories being introduced to explain the phenomenon. In the current experiment, individual spurs of annual bearing cultivars (Gala, Ruby Jon, and Pink Lady) and biennial bearing cultivars (Honeycrisp, Fuji, and G

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Shampa, Yuji Hasegawa, Hajime Nakagawa, Hiroshi Takebayashi, and Kenji Kawaike. "Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics in Slit-Type Permeable Spur Dike Fields: Efficacy in Riverbank Protection." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040964.

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This paper focuses on finding efficient solutions for the design of a highly permeable pile spur (or slit type) dike field used in morphologically dynamic alluvial rivers. To test the suitability of different arrangements of this type of permeable pile spur dike field, laboratory experiments were conducted, and a three-dimensional multiphase numerical model was developed and applied, based on the experimental conditions. Three different angles to the approach flow and two types of individual pile position arrangements were tested. The results show that by using a series of slit-type spurs, the

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Hirst, Peter M., and David C. Ferree. "Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. II. Nutritional Effects with Specific Reference to Phosphorus." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 6 (1995): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.6.1018.

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In each of 3 years, vegetative spurs were sampled from l-year-old wood of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. Mineral concentrations of spur leaves and bud apical meristems were determined, and related to spur bud development. The spur leaf P concentration decreased during the growing season each year, hut was unaffected by rootstock. Spur leaves of trees on B.9 rootstock had 30% higher Ca concentrations than trees on M.26 EMLA or seedling rootstocks. In each year, trees growing on M.26 EMLA root

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Hirst, Peter M., and David C. Ferree. "Rootstock Effects on Shoot Morphology and Spur Quality of `Delicious' Apple and Relationships with Precocity and Productivity." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 4 (1995): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.4.622.

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Two-year-old branch sections of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees growing on 17 rootstock were studied over 6 years to determine the effects of rootstock on shoot morphology and spur quality and describe how these factors may be related to precocity and productivity. Shoot length was affected by rootstock and was positively related to trunk cross-sectional area within each year, but the slope of the regression line decreased as trees matured. The number of spurs on a shoot was largely a product of shoot length. Spur density was inversely related to shoot length

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Zimmerman, Richard H. "Orchard Variation in Micropropagated Trees of `Redspur Delicious' Apple." HortScience 32, no. 5 (1997): 935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.5.935.

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Micropropagated trees of `Redspur Delicious' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.), planted as small, actively growing trees in May 1982, lacked uniformity in tree size, appearance, and flowering by the spring of 1986. Only four of the 18 trees had a typical spur-type growth habit; these four trees had 80% more spurs per meter of shoot, 8 to 10 times as many flowers the first year of flowering and 9.5-fold higher early fruit yields, but were 40% smaller after 14 years in the orchard and had 25% less cumulative fruit yield than the nonspur types. Shoots from the spur-type trees were recultured in 198

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Erb, W. Alan, David C. Ferree, Frank D. Morrison, Mark Pyeatt, and Richard Ryer. "Morphology of Two-year-old Limb Sections and Mid-season Spur Quality of Four Apple Cultivars on Five Dwarfing Rootstocks." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 506D—506. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.506d.

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This study was conducted at three locations (Manhattan, Kan.; Wichita, Kan.; Wooster, Ohio) for 3 years (1994–1996). At bloom, 2-year-old limb sections from `Smoothee', `Jonagold', `Empire', and `Rome' on M.9EMLA, Bud 9, Mark, Ottawa 3, or M.26EMLA were evaluated for flowering and vegetative, spurs (5 cm or less), short shoots (5–15 cm) and long shoots (>15 cm). In mid-August, spur quality was estimated by randomly selecting five spurs per cultivar rootstock combination. There were significant location and year differences for all the morphological and spur quality characters measured. Acro

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Riedl, H., and P. W. Shearer. "Prebloom Control of Pear Psylla with Pyrethroid Insecticides, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.47.

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Abstract Sprays were applied dilute by handgun operating at 200 psi to 28-yr-old pear trees. Trees were sprayed to the drip point. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates (2 of each variety) arranged in a randomized complete block design. All sprays were applied on 6 Apr at the white bud stage. Treatments were evaluated by beating tray counts of PP adults (2 trays/tree) and counts of PP eggs and nymphs on 5 spurs/tree. After trees leafed out, spur leaves were sampled (2 leaves/spur; 20 spur leaves/tree). Spurs and leaves were scanned under a stereo microscope. Samples were taken befor

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Lanza, Donald C., Deborah Farb Rosin, and David W. Kennedy. "Endoscopic Septal Spur Resection." American Journal of Rhinology 7, no. 5 (1993): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065893781976339.

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A variety of surgical approaches exists for the management of nasal septal spurs in patients who undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Treatment of septal spurs in the past has been frequently addressed by septoplasty which can result in increased bleeding and length of surgical procedure as well as mandate postoperative nasal packing. Individually each of these problems can jeopardize the success of endoscopic sinus surgery. An endoscopic approach, which targets the septal spur alone, can minimize perioperative morbidity. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of endo

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Ferree, David C., and C. G. Forshey. "Influence of Pruning and Urea Sprays on Growth and Fruiting of Spur-bound ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 5 (1988): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.5.699.

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Abstract Spur quality and leaf nutritional levels were determined in various canopy sections of mature spur-bound ‘Delicious’-type apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees and then various pruning and foliar urea treatments were applied to alter growth and improve fruit size. Fruit size declined from the top to the bottom of the canopy of mature spur-bound ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ trees with a similar pattern in the following criteria: leaf area/spur, spur specific leaf weight, and spur bud diameter. Spur leaf area was higher in the top center and east sections than in the top south. Spur bud diame

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Özyaman, Cansu, Cahit Yerdelen, Ebru Eris, and Rasoul Daneshfaraz. "Experimental investigation of scouring around a single spur under clear water conditions." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (2021): 3484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.389.

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Abstract This study presents the effect of different parameters on the scouring process around spur dikes. Our research group's stated objective was to evaluate the effects of sediment gradation, flow depth, spur angle and spur length on the scouring process. Since most existing studies generally employed uniform sediment, in this study uniform and non-uniform sediment were selected. Experiments were made in a rectangular open channel in uniform flow conditions. Results showed that the effect of the spur dike length and the orientation angle on sediment scour varies with the type of sediment u

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Kim, Hyungsuk, Syungkyun Choi, Soo Bin Park, and Hyun Seok Song. "Evaluation of acromial spur using ultrasonography." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 24, no. 1 (2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2020.00332.

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Background: The presence of an acromial spur implies a rotator cuff disorder due to impingement between the acromial spur and the rotator cuff. The purpose of the study was to observe acromial spurs using ultrasonography and to compare measurements between plain radiographs and sonograms.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 51 consecutive patients with acromial spurs, which were interpreted on preoperative plain radiographs (supraspinatus outlet view and 30° caudal tilt) and preoperative sonograms. The ultrasonography transducer was held vertically and continuously moved laterally, which corre

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Schechter, Ido, D. C. Elfving, and J. T. A. Proctor. "APPLE TREE LIGHT INTERCEPTION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND YIELD AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1128c—1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1128c.

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Mature apple (Malus domestic a Borkh.) trees with “Starkspur Supreme Delicious” as the scion grafted on nine different rootstocks were studied in 1987 and 1988. Canopy seasonal development and its light interception were examined using fisheye (hemispherical) photographs Rootstock affected the amount of structural wood, the rate of canopy development and the final leaf area. However, rootstock did not affect the sigmoidal pattern of canopy development. Photosynthesis (Pn) was measured under field conditions. Shoot leaves, spur leaves on spurs without fruits (S-F), and spur leaves on spurs with

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Dennis, F. G., J. Masabni, and D. O. Ketchie. "YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPUR VS. NON-SPUR STRAINS OF `DELICIOUS' APPLE ON TWO ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 556g—556. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.556g.

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Yield components of spur and non-spur strains of `Delicious' apple, on 2 rootstocks were compared over 4 years (5th through 8th leaf). Yield per unit trunk cross-sectional area was higher in spurs than in non-spurs with but few exceptions. Differences in fruit set, rather than in flower density or fruit size, were largely responsible for this difference in yield. Yields were higher on EMLA 7 than EMLA 111 rootstock, partially because of earlier bearing. When cropload was factored out, fruit size was slightly greater on EMLA 7 than on EMLA 111.

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He, Peng, Lian Peng Wang, Na Wang, and Gang Xu. "Design and Implementation of Spurs Detection System Based on OpenCV." Advanced Materials Research 345 (September 2011): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.345.217.

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In order to better solve the problem of detection of small bone spurs with convenient and accurate way, a portable spur detection system is designed. This system, in view of spur reproducibility characteristic, is characterized by the application for a kind of the improved algorithm based on the OpenCV. And it was successfully transplanted into the embedded system. The experimental results indicated that this system might precisely examine the small spur with difficulty discovery by naked eyes used fully by two images of computed tomography which done in different periods. The spur detection s

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Williams, G. A., M. Serena, and T. R. Grant. "Age-related change in spurs and spur sheaths of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 1 (2013): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12011.

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Non-invasive techniques for age assessment of wild mammals are needed for effective species management as well as research. In the case of the platypus, we investigated how morphology of calcaneal spurs and associated features in males and vestigial spur sheaths in females varies with age. Total spur length in males (spur tip to base of subtending epidermal collar) is greatest at 19–24 months and falls thereafter, with significant linear relationships evident between spur length and age of subadults (13–24 months old) and adults (≥25 months old). However, collar length/total spur length discri

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Moroney, Paul J., Barry J. O’Neill, Khalid Khan-Bhambro, Shay J. O’Flanagan, Peter Keogh, and Paddy J. Kenny. "The Conundrum of Calcaneal Spurs." Foot & Ankle Specialist 7, no. 2 (2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640013516792.

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Background: Chronic plantar heel pain is a common and potentially debilitating condition, often caused by plantar fasciitis. Plantar calcaneal spurs were originally considered the cause of plantar fasciitis but are now regarded as an incidental finding by most authors. We aimed to test this hypothesis and to investigate predisposing factors for the development of spurs. Methods: We reviewed all lateral ankle X rays taken in our institution over a 6-month period and identified all X rays demonstrating calcaneal spurs. Then, we identified a similar number of age- and sex-matched controls without

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Tandiyo, Desy Kurniawati, Ratna Darjanti Haryadi, Ari Probandari, and Didik Gunawan Tamtomo. "Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on calcaneal spurs: a randomized controlled trial." Medical Journal of Indonesia 28, no. 4 (2019): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.v28i4.3039.

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BACKGROUND The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in handling pain and calcaneal spurs is still controversial, whereas research on the effectiveness of ESWT in the reactive ossification process of calcaneal spurs, involving osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), does not exist. This study was aimed to assess the effect of ESWT on pain, the length of the spur, plasma OPG and RANK level on the calcaneal spur. METHODS This study was a randomized controlled trial in patients with calcaneal spurs. ESWT was administered at the p

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Klein, I., S. A. Weinbaum, T. M. DeJong, and T. T. Muraoka. "Relationship between Fruiting, Specific Leaf Weight, and Subsequent Spur Productivity in Walnut." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 3 (1991): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.3.426.

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Localized and carry-over effects of light exposure [as inferred from specific leaf weight (SLW)] on spur viability, flowering, and fruit set were monitored in selected spurs throughout walnut (Juglans regia, cvs. Serr and Hartley) tree canopies. Shaded spurs (i.e., average SLW <4 mg·cm-2) were predisposed to die during the winter, and spur mortality was accentuated among spurs that had borne fruit that season. More catkins and distillate flowers per spur were characteristic of the more exposed positions within the canopy (as indicated by SLW) during the previous summer and following an “off

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Ballerini, Evangeline S., Ya Min, Molly B. Edwards, Elena M. Kramer, and Scott A. Hodges. "POPOVICH, encoding a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor, plays a central role in the development of a key innovation, floral nectar spurs, inAquilegia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 36 (2020): 22552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006912117.

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The evolution of novel features, such as eyes or wings, that allow organisms to exploit their environment in new ways can lead to increased diversification rates. Therefore, understanding the genetic and developmental mechanisms involved in the origin of these key innovations has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists. In flowering plants, floral nectar spurs are a prime example of a key innovation, with the independent evolution of spurs associated with increased diversification rates in multiple angiosperm lineages due to their ability to promote reproductive isolation via pollinat

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Schechter, I., J. T. A. Proctor, and D. C. Elfving. "Morphological Differences among Apple Leaf Types." HortScience 27, no. 2 (1992): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.2.101.

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Leaf characteristics of mature `Sturdeespur Delicious'/MM.106 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were studied in two experiments. In 1989 canopy foliage on fruiting trees was divided into shoot leaves, leaves on nonfruiting spurs, and leaves on fruiting spurs. Shoot leaves were the heaviest, the largest, and contained the highest internal gas volume and chlorophyll content. The two spur-leaf types differed in their leaf characteristics except for stomate density. In 1990 shoot and spur leaves on nonfruiting spurs on fruiting trees had lower leaf water content than those leaves on nonfruiting

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Zimmerman, Richard H. "Variation in Micropropagated Trees of `Redspur Delicious' Apple." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 871F—871. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.871f.

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Small actively growing micropropagated trees of `Redspur Delicious' apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) were planted in an orchard at the end of May 1982. By Spring 1986, a lack of uniformity in tree size, appearance, and flowering was obvious. Only four of the 18 trees had a typical spur-type growth habit. These four trees had significantly more spurs per unit of shoot length, flowered sooner, had higher early fruit yields, and remained significantly smaller after 13 years in the orchard, but had significantly less cumulative yield than the nonspur types. Shoots from the spur-type trees were recu

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Looney, Norman E., and John N. Knight. "Effects of Initial Set and Carbaryl Treatment on Final Fruit Set on ‘Greensleeves’ Apple." HortScience 20, no. 3 (1985): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.3.400.

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Abstract Fruit set on mature spurs and on 1-year-old wood (lateral bloom) was followed as a step in the development of a chemical thinning protocol for ‘Greensleeves’ apple trees. Initial set (fruit firmly attached 15 days after full bloom) was a reasonable predictor of final set on spurs but not on lateral clusters. High initial set values on lateral clusters reduced final set. Likewise, initial and final set values on either spur or lateral clusters were inversely related following a 1000 ppm carbaryl treatment, although lateral clusters were more readily thinned than spur clusters by carbar

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Zimmerman, Richard H. "Variation in Micropropagated Trees of `Redspur Delicious' Apple." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 871F—871. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.871.

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Small actively growing micropropagated trees of `Redspur Delicious' apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) were planted in an orchard at the end of May 1982. By Spring 1986, a lack of uniformity in tree size, appearance, and flowering was obvious. Only four of the 18 trees had a typical spur-type growth habit. These four trees had significantly more spurs per unit of shoot length, flowered sooner, had higher early fruit yields, and remained significantly smaller after 13 years in the orchard, but had significantly less cumulative yield than the nonspur types. Shoots from the spur-type trees were recu

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Dong, Weichong, Kezheng Du, Bo Shi, et al. "Distribution and analysis of subacromial spurs and the relationship with acromial classification and angle in healthy individuals." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0301066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301066.

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Background Subacromial spurs are considered the one of the pathology underlying shoulder impingement syndrome. Furthermore, few studies have focused on the morphology of the subacromial spurs in normal Chinese people. This study aimed to study the spur distribution and to illustrate the morphology of spurs, which may help guide the extent of acromioplasty. Methods A total of 93 normal individuals were enrolled, and both shoulders of all enrolled individuals were analyzed. The subjects were divided and classified into three different groups by ages: group I = 18–40 years, group II = 41–60 years

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Chen, Anqi, Xiaoyu Zhao, Xiurong Zhao, et al. "Genetic Foundation of Male Spur Length and Its Correlation with Female Egg Production in Chickens." Animals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121780.

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Spurs, which mainly appear in roosters, are protrusions near the tarsometatarsus on both sides of the calves of chickens, and are connected to the tarsometatarsus by a bony core. As a male-biased morphological characteristic, the diameter and length of spurs vary significantly between different individuals, mainly related to genetics and age. As a specific behavior of hens, egg-laying also varies greatly between individuals in terms of traits such as age at first egg (AFE), egg weight (EW), and so on. At present, there are few studies on chicken spurs. In this study, we investigated the inheri

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