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Lutpiatina, Leka, Wahidah Wahidah, Nurhilaliah Nurhilaliah, Dinna Rakhmina, and Rifqoh Rifqoh. "Sputum Quality of The Anytime And Outset for Examination Acid-Resistance Bacilli." Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v4i1.183.
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Diagnosis Tuberculosis (TB) can establish by microscopic examination of acid-resistant bacilli in the patient's sputum. Sputum quality greatly affects the diagnosis of TB, but the sputum collected by patients at community health centers sometimes does not meet the sputum quality requirements. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of sputum anytime and outset sputum on acid-resistant bacilli examination, from volume, color and viscosity parameters. The type of research used is descriptive observational. Respondents were suspected TB patients at the Marabahan and Aluh-aluh Public Health Centers of South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Sputum samples taken were sputum anytime the first and outset sputum. The variables in this study are volume, color, and viscosity of sputum. The coloring of acid-resistant bacilli method Ziehl Nielsen. The results of the acid-resistant bacilli examination on sputum (86 specimens) found positive one (13%), positive three (2%), negative (85%). In morning sputum (86 specimens) found positive one (14%), positive three (2%), negative (84%). Sputum quality when with the good category as much as 36% and the quality of morning sputum with the good category as much as 55%. Conclusion Sputum outset has better quality than sputum at the anytime.
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Nelma, Nelma, and Armida Lumbantoruan. "PENGARUH PENUNDAAN PENANGANAN SPUTUM TERHADAP HASIL PEMBACAAN SEDIAAN SECARA MIKROSKOPIS PADA PENDERITA TB DI UPT. LABORATORIUM KESEHATAN DAERAH PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 14, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v14i1.570.
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The background of the study is whether there are differences in the results of microscopic smear reading andthe quality of direct sputum preparations, check with sputum 24 hours at room temperature. The purpose ofthe study was to determine the effect of delaying the handling of sputum on the results of microscopicreadings of preparations in tuberculosis patients. Type of descriptive observation research. Research timeJune 2019. Research location at the Regional Health Laboratory of North Sumatra Province. The resultsshowed that from 16 sputum samples that were immediately examined, the scanty results were 2 samples, 1+there were 2 samples, 2+ there were 2 samples, 3+ there were 10 samples, whereas in the 24 hour sample atroom temperature, there were 2 negative results, 1+ there are 4, 2+ there are 3, and 3+ there are 7 samplesof BTA. Of the 16 sputum, they were immediately examined by delaying 24 hours at room temperature, 7sputum were obtained, the results of which were reduced. There is no positive number added, the samenumber of positive results is 9 sputum. This suggests that a 24-hour delay in sputum examination at roomtemperature can result in false positives. There are differences in the results between sputum directlychecked by being delayed 24 hours at room temperature 25⁰C. It is recommended that an AFB sputum beexamined immediately to avoid the results of false negative smear microscopic examination.
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Misnarliah, Mudrika, and Anastasia A Basir. "Effect of Preparate Coloring Delay Achid Resistant Bacteria With Ziehl Neelsen Method On The Result of Microscopic Examination." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i2.181.
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The microscopic examination of smear from sputum specimens plays an important role in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary TB treatment. The Ziehl Nelseen method is the method for examining acid-resistant bacteria smear recommended by WHO. This method has high specificity for detecting acid-resistant bacteria in sputum. This study aims to determine the effect of postponement of sputum smear staining on the quality of acid-resistant bacteria germs on the results of microscopic examination using the Ziehl Nelseen staining method. The length of time to delay staining used was 3 days, 2 days and the control was direct preparations staining. The sample used was positive smear sputum. The results showed that from 10 samples of sputum, the results obtained were directly stained with results of 1+ there were 7 samples, and 2+ there were 3 samples, while the samples with the preparations were delayed for 2 days and 3 days at room temperature, respectively +1 as many as 7 samples, and 2+ as many as 3 samples. However, there was no difference in the reading of the staining results between the direct stained samples with the stained preparations with a delay of 2 days and 3 days at room temperature. The results of this study still have many shortcomings and to improve them it is recommended to carry out further research with a larger scale and sample size.
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Prabha, R., Dhivya G, Pramodhini S, and Joshy M. Easow. "A bacterial and fungal profile of sputum samples in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry." Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2021.012.
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The microscopic examination of gram stained sputum sample aids in diagnosis of patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Gram stain plays the key role in deciding the appropriateness of the quality of the sputum sample received in the laboratory for culture. It helps to determine the represent ativeness of the sample for the site of collection intended. This study was done to correlate gram stain findings with culture and to assess the use of Gram stain in sputum examination in diagnostic microbiology. During 2017 (July to December) a total of 133 sputum samples were quality assessed using Bartlett’s grading system. The total scoring was done and sample showing score of 1 and above were cultured and identified based on colony characteristics, gram staining morphology and biochemical reactions. One hundred and thirty-three sputum samples were collected from patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection. Of the 133 samples, 110(79%) were accepted and 23 (21%) were found to be unacceptable by Bartlett criteria. Potential pathogens were grown in 84 samples in the acceptable category. Normal respiratory flora were grown in 26 samples. Out of 84 samples, 63 samples were positive for bacterial growth and 21 showed fungal growth. Out of 63 bacterial growth, 44 were from in-patients and 19 were from out-patients. Among these bacterial isolates, 23 isolates were followed by 16 isolates were , 10 isolates were , 6 isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, 2 isolates were species, 3 isolates were and 3 isolates were Serratia marcesens. All the sputum samples should be subjected to gram staining before culture to differentiate true pathogens from contaminating flora on culture.
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Yin Leong, Grace Corrine Khong, Leesha Sharon, Pooja Pandey, Nadeem Guldar, and Gopalkrishna K. Bhat. "EFFICACY OF SIMPLE BLEACH DIGESTION OF SPUTUM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS BY MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.19786.
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Objective: Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) depends on microscopic examination of sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The direct microscopy examination lacks sensitivity. It needs at least 10,000 AFB/ml of sputum to observe in the smear. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of three different short-term bleach digestions and concentration of sputum in the diagnosis of PTB.Methods: A total of 171 sputum samples collected from patients suspected of having pulmonary TB were used. Direct smear was prepared using each sample and then divided into three parts to which equal volume of 5% bleach was added. The first part was kept at room temperature for 45 minutes with intermittent shaking. The second part was allowed to stand at room temperature for 45 minutes for sedimentation, and the third part was kept at room temperature for 45 minutes and then centrifuged at 3000 g for 15 minutes for deposit formation. Smears were prepared and stained with Ziehl-Neelsen method and observed for AFB using Revised National TB Control Programme Guidelines.Results: Out of 171 sputum samples, 45 (26.32%), 48 (28.07%), 49 (28.65%), and 55 (32.16%) of specimens were positive by direct, bleach digested mixed method, bleach digested sedimented method, and centrifugation method, respectively. The background of the bleach digested sputum smears was clear.Conclusion: Short-term bleach digestion of sputum improves the sensitivity of microscopic examination and the number of AFB observed in the smear. Bleach being a disinfectant kills AFB and makes handling of sputum safer.
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P, Neelu Sree, Terin J, Himadri Dutta, and Kalyani M. "COMPARISON OF ZIEHL-NEELSEN, KINYOUN’S AND FLUORESCENT STAINING FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN SPUTUM SAMPLES BEFORE AND AFTER PETROFF’S CONCENTRATION TECHNIQUE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23662.
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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), Kinyoun’s, and (auramine) fluorescent staining and to compare the three staining techniques with and without Petroff’s concentration and to find out the most preferable staining of M. tuberculosis. Methods: Sputum sample was collected and concentrated by 4% NaOH (Petroff’s concentration). Microscopic examination of the sample was done before concentration and after concentration by ZN staining, Kinyoun’s staining, and fluorescent staining (Auramine). Grading of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by three staining was done before and after concentration according to RNTCP guidelines.Results: Total of 452 sputum samples were collected and subjected to microscopy examination by ZN, Kinyoun’s, and fluorescent staining methods to compare the presence or absence of AFB with or without concentration. Among the 452 sputum samples, total of 67 (15.6%) sputum samples were positive for the presence of AFB. Majority 40.3% (n=21) of TB positive patients were observed in the age group 51–60 years. The results of Auramine-O staining showed positive diagnoses in 15.9% of the samples; sensitivity was 100% and specificity 95.6%.Conclusion: The use of fluorescent staining significantly increases the diagnostic value of the smear, particularly where there are low-density bacilli which may escape detection on ZN stained smears.
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Petrovic, Slobodanka. "Diagnostic value of certain methods for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis." Medical review 58, no. 5-6 (2005): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0506231p.
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Introduction The aim of this study was to find out if bronchoalveolar lavage (BL) is better than gastric lavage (GL) or sputum (SP) examination for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods The study included a group of 30 children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis, aged 6 months to 18 years. Gastric lavage was done on 4 consecutive mornings after overnight fast. Sputum was examined in 12 patients older than 10 years, (4 consecutive samples). BL was performed on the same day as the last GL and SP, using a rigid bronchoscope. Specimens were examined for the existence of BL acid fast bacilli (AFB) and culture for Mycobacterium tb. Results Out of 30 cases, Mycobacterium tb was grown in 13 BL samples (43.33%), and in 10 GL samples from the same patients (33.33%). Comparative analysis of microbiological samples of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 12 children showed that 6 patients had SP+ cultures and 6 patients had SP-cultures of Mycobacterium tb. All SP+ patients where also BL+, but 1 SP- patient was BL+. Smear examination of BL fluid samples was positive for AFB in 10 patients with positive cultures for Mycobacterium tb. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that BL examination is better than GL and SP examination for bacteriological diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. .
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Pala, Star, and Kyrshan G. Lynrah. "Concordance of two sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173152.
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Background: Under revised National tuberculosis control program two sputum samples are to be collected for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis case. The objective of this study is to find the concordance of both sputum smear microscopy samples at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Hospital based record was collected from designated microscopy center laboratory register. The data collected were from January 2015 to November 2016. Results: A total of 2117 paired of sputum sample were collected for the year 2015-16 in one of the DMC of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 183 patient (at least one sputum sample) were positive (8.64%) and 1934 were both negative. Among the positive sample concordance for both spot and morning samples were 89% (163/183) and discordance where spot sample positive and morning sample negative was 4.91% (9/183) and where spot sample negative and morning sample positive was 6.01% (11/183). Overall discordance between spot and morning samples were only 0.94% (20/2117). Conclusions: There is a good concordance of two sputum samples. Discordance of two sputum samples were <1% in a tertiary care hospital. One sample may be sufficient for operational purpose for diagnosis of pulmonary Tb. But to have a robust recommendation a RCT will be required to see the extent of discordance by ruling out bias in sputum smear examination.
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Sari, Sri Kartika, and Aryati Aryati. "NILAI DIAGNOSTIK ANTIGEN TB DENGAN RAPID TEST DEVICE (TB AG) UNTUK TUBERKULOSIS PARU." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 18, no. 3 (October 14, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v18i3.381.
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In Indonesia, the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis relies primarily on an identification of acid-fast bacilli on sputum smears. However, microscopic device has several limitations. The sensitivity of microscopic examination is variable. The quality of smear microscopic results is heavily depend on the workload, and the skill of the technician’s reading the slide. TB antigen rapid test device (TB Ag) is fast, easy and does not either need skillness of the operator. The kit detects specific secreted antigen M.tuberculosis coded by: RD (Region of Difference) 1, RD2 and RD3. These RD1−3 were found deleted from BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerine) vaccine strain. In the present study, the diagnostic value of TB Ag was assessed. Sputum samples were examined from 59 suspected tuberculosis patients and 22 non tuberculosis patients. The samples of the suspected tuberculosis patients were collected as three consecutive sputum specimens (spot, morning, spot). The total 199 specimens were examined by sputum smear microscopy and TB Ag. M.tuberculosis culture by using Lowenstein Jensen media, which was used as a gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic sputum smear were 83.8% (95% CI: 70.0–89.4) and 96.3% (95% CI: 89.8–98.7), respectively. While, the sensitivity and specificity of TB Ag were 72.6% (95% CI: 63.9–79.9) and 90.9% (95% CI: 72.2–97.5), respectively. The concordance between microscopic sputum smear and TB Ag was 70.8%. TB Ag can be considered as a new diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially at the health services where there is no expert technician available for microscopic sputum smear examination.
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Prasetyo, R. Heru. "PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA (PCP) DI PENDERITA HIV DAN AIDS DENGAN KELAINAN PARU." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 20, no. 1 (October 16, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v20i1.446.
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PCP is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV and AIDS patients. A definitive diagnosis of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya has not been previously done. A definitive diagnosis have the role in the therapy and to prevent the illness as well. PCP is diagnosed by using a microscope to indentify Pneumocystis jerovecii in the lung fluid or tisuue. The objective of this study was to know how to detect Pneumocystis jerovecii in the sputum samples and to know the determination of the prevalence of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients suffered with pulmonary symptom who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. This research was carried out by a cross sectional study utilizing waste sputum samples from HIV and AIDS patients. The detection of Pneumocystis jerovecii used Giemsa stain. Six sputum samples among 18 sputum samples (33.33%) HIV and AIDS patients were Pneumocystis jerovecii positive. Based on this findings HIV and AIDS patients with pulmonary symptoms should be suspect having the possibility of PCP as opportunity infection in HIV and AIDS existed, and there for the detection of the Pneumocystis jerovecii in sputum sample must becoming routinelycarried out in the laboratory examination for HIV and AIDS patients which also suffering pulmonary symptom.
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Somers, V. A., A. M. Pietersen, P. H. Theunissen, and F. B. Thunnissen. "Detection of K-ras point mutations in sputum from patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung by point-EXACCT." Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 9 (September 1998): 3061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.9.3061.
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PURPOSE Kirsten ras (K-ras) point mutations are found in 30% to 56% of pulmonary adenocarcinomas by means of highly sensitive techniques. Recently, the Point-EXACCT (point mutation detection using exonuclease amplification coupled capture technique) method was described, which detected one cell with a mutation in 15,000 normal cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether K-ras point mutations could be found with this rapid method in the sputum of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA from paraffin-embedded adenocarcinoma and corresponding sputum samples were analyzed for mutations of the K-ras gene. Twenty-eight biopsy specimens and 54 sputum samples of 22 patients were used for amplification and K-ras codon 12 point mutation detection. RESULTS In 11 of 22 patients (50%), a mutation in K-ras codon 12 was shown in the tumor sample. In five of 11 patients (45%) with a K-ras mutation in the tumor, the same type of mutation was identified in at least one sputum sample. A mutation could not be detected in any of the sputum samples from patients with a K-ras-negative tumor. Time between K-ras point mutation detection in sputum and clinical diagnosis of lung cancer varied from 1 month to almost 4 years. In two of the five patients with K-ras-positive sputum specimens, malignant cells were found with cytologic examination. CONCLUSION Point-EXACCT is suitable for the detection of K-ras point mutations in sputum samples of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. This approach may be an important adjunct to cytology in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Rahmah, Lestari, Amira Permatasari Tarigan, and Bintang Yinke M. Sinaga. "KETEPATAN PEMERIKSAAN BTA APUSAN LANGSUNG DAN METODE KONSENTRASI DENGAN KULTUR DALAM MENDIAGNOSIS TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI MEDAN." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v9i1.331.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis diagnostic, using microscopic examination of direct smear of acid-fast bacili (AFB) from the spectrum of lung tuberculosis suspect is still important criteria today, but the sensitivity of this method is low enough, especially in the samples which contain a small number of bacteria. Culture is stronger, but it takes long time, high cost, and it is not conducted in all laboratories. BTA microscopic examination can use direct smear and concentration method. Staining technique which is usually used in microscopic examination is Ziehl Neelsen. The sensitivity of direct smear method tends to be low and can be increased by using concentration method because bacteria can be easily found. Objective of the research: The objective of the research was to find out the effectiveness of direct smear examination of AFB , and concentration method was compared with culture. Materials and Method: The samples consisted of 60 sputum samples from the patients of lung tuberculosis suspects who visited BP4 Medan and from private practices of tuberculosis specialists, and the samples had fulfilled inclusive criteria. Microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli using direct smear and concentration method with Petroff method, using Ziehl Neelsen staining and culture with Lowenstein Jensen was conducted. Then we performed diagnostic test for direct smear and concentration method to compare it with culture. Result of the research: AFB examination with concentration method had sensitivity of 68.75%, specificity of 82.14%, the value of positive prediction of 81,48%, the value of negative prediction of 69.70%, ratio of positive likelihood of 3.85, and ratio of negative likelihood of 0.38, compared with culture method examination in finding BTA in sputum of lung tuberculosis suspects. The result of microscopic examination of direct smear method had the sensitivity of 59.38%, specificity of 92.68%, the value of positive prediction of 90.48%, the value of negative prediction of 66.67%, ratio of positive likelihood of 8.31, and ratio of negative likelihood of 0.44, compared with culture method examination in finding BTA in sputum of lung tuberculosis suspects. Conclusion: The ability of acid-fast bacilli examination of concentration methodsin diagnosis oflung tuberculosisis 9.37% higher thanthe directsmear but direct smear method gives bigger clinical benefit in diagnosing lung tuberculosis, compared with concentration method
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Jahan, Hosne, Shikha Paul, Kamrul Hasan Milon, Samshad Jahan, Rashida Akter Khanam, Zakir Habib, and Halimun Nahar. "Comparative study of Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) Staining Versus Fluorochrome Stain for Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 10, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v10i1.38900.
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Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. For developing countries with a large number of cases and financial constraints, evaluation of rapid and inexpensive diagnostic methods has great importance. The bacilli in the sputum can be detected microscopically by ZN stain and fluorochrome stain.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of flurochrome(FI) stain with Z-N stain in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka and National Institute of Chest Disease & Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka during the period of January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of 1(one) year. Sputum samples from suspected MDR-TB patients were collected by purposive sampling technique from OPD of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) and NIDCH. Microscopy, liquid culture in liquid MGIT 960 media were done for MTB diagnosis.Result: this study shows the comparison of results of microscopic examination of Fluorochrome and Z-N stained sputum smear. Both Fluorochrome and Ziehl-Neelsen stains showed predominant positive results, that is, 3+ in 50% and 50.94% samples respectively, followed by 2+ in 30.65% and 32.07% samples, 1+ in 14.5% and 13.2% samples and scanty in 4.84% and 3.77% samples respectively. On the other hand, Fluorochrome stain gave negative report in 38 (38%) samples, whereas Z-N staining showed 47 (47%) negative results.Conclusion: Fluorochrome stain yielded more positive result than Z-N stain under microscope in smear of sputum.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2018, Vol.10(1); 28-30
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Shrestha, S. K., S. Adhikari, M. Karki, U. R. Mohsin, R. Khunjeli, B. Srivastava, R. Chaudhary, and S. Bhatta. "Organisms isolated in induced sputum samples in acute exacerbation of severe and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 3 (February 15, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i3.16522.
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Acute exacerbations pose a very high economic burden on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and are commonly infective in nature. Gram’s staining and bacterial cultures are baseline investigations for sputum examination for COPD. This study evaluated these techniques for characterization and identification of various organism involved in acute infective exacerbations of COPD. Sodium Chloride (3%) induced sputum samples from 122 severe and very severe COPD subjects presenting in acute exacerbation who had history of frequent exacerbations and frequent antibiotics use were evaluated. The sputum samples were evaluated by Gram’s staining and bacterial culture from January 2013 to March 2014. Induction technique was able to obtain adequate samples from 86 (70.48% of 122) subjects. Gram’s stain showed 30 samples of Gram positive cocci (34.88%), 23 samples (26.74%) of Gram Negative Cocci and 50 samples (58.13%) of Gram Negative Bacilli. Bacterial culture showed predominant growth of Gram negative organisms including Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter Freundii. Gram negative bacilli are the most common isolated pathogens responsible for the acute exacerbation in severe and very severe COPDs with history of frequent exacerbations and hospital visits.
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Soedarsono, Soedarsono, Ni Made Mertaniasih, and Titiek Sulistyowati. "FIRST LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS CORRELATE WITH ACID FAST BACILLI MICROSCOPY GRADING." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v8i2.14294.
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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health crisis. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) gradation in sputum examination is an important component in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring. Previously treated pulmonary TB patients with a higher AFB smear gradation may have higher rates of acquired resistance. Patients with a higher AFB grade indicate a higher bacillary load and had higher rates of acquired resistance. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns in MDR pulmonary TB patients. This was a retrospective study conducted from August 2009 to April 2018 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Sputum samples were taken from MDR PTB patients. Sputum smear examination was done using Ziehl–Neelsen staining and gradation was measured according to IUATLD criteria. Samples with positive smear were evaluated for resistance patterns based on culture and resistance tests using the MGIT 960 BACTEC System. There were 433 sputum samples with AFB positive collected from MDR PTB patients. Resistance to RHES was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 19 (15%) AFB +2, and 29 (20%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHS was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 12 (9%) AFB +2, and 13 (9%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHE was found in 39 (25%) AFB +1, 38 (29%) AFB +2, and 35 (24%) AFB +3. Resistance to RH was found in 74 (47%) AFB +1, 61 (47%) AFB +2, and 69 (47%) AFB +3. Statistic analysis by Spearman test showed that there was no significant correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns. Acquired resistance to RHES can also found in lower bacillary load AFB +1.
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Prasetyo, R. Heru. "CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS PARU DI PENDERITA TBC." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 18, no. 3 (October 14, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v18i3.375.
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The pulmonary cryptosporidiosis cases had been reported for immunocompromised persons, most all of whom were secunder infected with HIV and AIDS patients. Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory disease and tending to cause a weakened immune system (immunocompromised). However, pulmonary cryptosporidiosis has not been previously reported as secunder infection in tuberculosis patients. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis determination in tuberculosis patients. This research was carried out by a cross sectional study utilitzing waste sputum samples from tuberculosis patients. The detection of Cryptosporidium oocyst used modified version acid fast stain of Ziehl Neelsen technique. Three sputum samples among 44 sputum samples (6.8%) had Cryptosporidium oocyst positive. These findings suggest that there was a potential for respiratory transmission of cryptosporidiosis. Although the prevalence of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in tuberculosis patients are low, the researcher suggest that the possibility of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis as a secondary infection in tuberculosis patients existed, and there for a laboratory examination of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis becoming routinely laboratory for tuberculosis patients.
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Shivalli, Siddharudha, Amrut Hondappagol, Kibballi Madhukeshwar Akshaya, Abhay Nirgude, Narendra Varun, Raveendra Harohally Ramaiah Reddy, and Burugina Nagaraja Sharath. "Does mobile phone instructional video demonstrating sputum expectoration improve the sputum sample quality and quantity in presumptive pulmonary TB cases? Protocol for a prospective pragmatic non-randomised controlled trial in Karnataka state, India." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e032991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032991.
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IntroductionSputum smear microscopy is the cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India. Instructions on how to produce a good sputum sample are a part of RNTCP training manuals, but its assessment is not emphasised. Healthcare provider’s instruction to expectorate a good sputum sample has limitations. Presumptive TB patients often submit inadequate (in quantity and/or quality) sputum samples, which may result in false-negative results. Objectives of the study are, among the selected RNTCP designated microscopy centres inDakshina Kannadadistrict, Karnataka, India, (a) to assess the effectiveness of mobile phone instructional video demonstrating sputum expectoration on sputum quality and quantity and (b) to explore the mobile phone video implementation challenges as perceived by the healthcare providers.Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, prospective, non-randomised controlled trial in two pairs of RNTCP Designated Microscopy Centres (located at secondary and primary healthcare facilities) ofDakshina Kannadadistrict, India. Presumptive pulmonary TB patients aged ≥18 years will be included. We will exclude who are severely ill, blind, hearing impaired, patients who have already brought their sputum for examination, and transported sputum. In the intervention group, participants will watch a mobile phone instructional video demonstrating submission of an adequate sputum sample. The control group will follow the usual ongoing procedure for sputum submission. This study would require 406 participants for each group to achieve a power of 90% for detecting a difference of 15% between the two groups. The participant enrolment started in December 2019.Ethics and disseminationYenepoya University Ethics Committee, Mangaluru, India, has approved the study protocol (YEC-1/158/2019). It complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, local laws, and the International Council for Harmonization-good clinical practices. Investigators will present the results in scientific forums, publish in a scientific journal, and share with RNTCP officers.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2019/06/019887).
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S*, Erfiyani, and Amira Permatasari Tarigan**. "KETEPATAN PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI DAN BTA APUSAN LANGSUNG DENGAN KULTUR DALAM DIAGNOSIS TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI MEDAN." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 9, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v9i3.214.
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Lung tuberculosis is one of transmitted diseases which are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis throughnuclei droplet. Diagnosis for lung tuberculosis is usually detected by the examination of direct sputumremoval, thorax photo, and Culture. The type of the research was descriptive study by using diagnostic testand the samples consisted of sputum and thorax photo. The sputum was taken accidentally, in the morning,and accidentally which was examined by using Ziehl Nelsen method and culture. The objective of theresearch was to find out the effectiveness of examining direct BTA removal and radiology which werecompared with Culture. The samples were taken from Private Practice of Tuberculosis Specialists in Medanand in BP4, Medan which had fulfilled inclusive criteria, radiology examination and three times of phlegmtaking for direct BTA removal and culture were performed; after that, radiology diagnostic test for directBTA removal was compared with Culture. 60 samples on direct removal method indicated the value ofsensitivity of 59.38%, specificity of 92.86%, value of positive prediction of 90.48%, value of negativeprediction of 66.7%, ratio of positive likelihood of 8.31, and ratio of negative likelihood of 0.44. Radiologymethod indicated sensitivity of 62.63%, specificity of 82.14%, the value of positive prediction of 80.77%,value of negative prediction of 67.65%, ratio of positive likelihood of 3.67, and ratio of negative likelihood of0.42. Of the 21 samples, positive BTA which underwent minimum lung damage of 4 (6.7%), moderatedamage of 9 (15.0%), and wide damage of 5 (8.3%). The result of the research showed that radiologyexamination indicated that the value of sensitivity was higher than direct removal method, compared withculture as gold standard in BTA examination.That clinical benefit was bigger in direct removal method canbe seen from the value of positive prediction which was higher than radiology method so that it isrecommended that both examination techniques be used to diagnose lung tuberculosis
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Octaviani, Peppy. "STUDI PENGARUH UMUR DAN JENIS KELAMIN PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT DKT PURWOKERTO." Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35960/vm.v10i2.437.
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ABSTRACT
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious pulmonary infectious disease that is still a health problem in the world, especially developing countries. Tuberculosis has been proclaimed by WHO (World Health Organization) as Global Emergency since 1992. The purpose of this study is to find out what physical characteristics are at risk of tuberculosis in DKT Hospital Purwokerto. The research design used in this study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to determine the characteristics of pulmonary TB patients who were adherent to treatment and those who did not comply with treatment at the DKT Hospital in Purwokerto. This research was conducted at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital in May 2018. The samples studied in this study were pulmonary TB patients who were obedient to treatment and non-compliance with treatment at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital for the period of 1 January - 30 December 2017 that met the sample criteria. The results of the study have no relationship between age and the results of sputum examination at the Purwokerto DKT Hospital (p value = 0.286), there is no relationship between sex with the results of sputum examination at DKT Purwokerto Hospital (p value = 0.261).
Keywords: Pulmonary TBC, Characteristics, Phlegm Examination
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Octaviani, Peppy. "STUDI PENGARUH STATUS PERKAWINAN DAN PEKERJAAN PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT DKT PURWOKERTO." Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan 10, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35960/vm.v10i2.438.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious pulmonary infectious disease that is still a health problem in the world, especially developing countries. Tuberculosis has been proclaimed by WHO (World Health Organization) as Global Emergency since 1992. The purpose of this study is to find out what physical characteristics are at risk of tuberculosis in DKT Hospital Purwokerto. The research design used in this study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to determine the characteristics of pulmonary TB patients who were adherent to treatment and those who did not comply with treatment at the DKT Hospital in Purwokerto. This research was conducted at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital in May 2018. The samples studied in this study were pulmonary TB patients who were obedient to treatment and non-compliance with treatment at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital for the period of 1 January - 30 December 2017 that met the sample criteria. The results of the study have no relationship between age and the results of sputum examination at the Purwokerto DKT Hospital (p value = 0.286), there is no relationship between sex with the results of sputum examination at DKT Purwokerto Hospital (p value = 0.261).
Keywords: Pulmonary TBC, Characteristics, Phlegm Examination
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Mazurina, S. A., G. A. Danilina, M. Yu Smirnova, G. L. Osipova, V. B. Gervazieva, A. Yu Konischeva, and T. P. Ospelnikova. "THE MICROBIOTA OF LOWER AIRWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-5-53-60.
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Aim. We aimed to estimate the composition and the detection frequency of bacterial species in induced sputum samples from patients with bronchial asthma (BA), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and its combined phenotype (ACOS). Materials and methods. Bacteriological examination of samples of induced sputum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (BA, COPD) was carried out. Results. Patients with asthma-COPD overlap syndrome exhibit more diverse bacterial species composition as represented both by gram-positive Streptococcus sрp., Staphylococcus spр., gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniaе, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Burkholderia cepacia and rodlike bacterium Corynebacterium spр., Actinomyces spр. и Tsukamurella рaurometabola as compared to patients with only one diagnosis of COPD or asthma. In addition, we revealed the differences between microbiological diversity and predominance of Streptococcus spр, Neisseria subflava with decrease of Enterococcus sрр. in samples from patients with complicated forms of obstructive lung diseases as COPD and ACOS, with pulmonary emphysema and/or pneumosclerosis. Conclusion. The biodiversity of lung microbiome could be one of the pathology risk factors in patients with chronic lung diseases, on the other hand reflecting the structural morphological changes in the lung tissue as a result of sustainable inflammation.
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Coron, Noémie, Marc Pihet, Emilie Fréalle, Yolande Lemeille, Claudine Pinel, Hervé Pelloux, Gilles Gargala, et al. "Toward the Standardization of Mycological Examination of Sputum Samples in Cystic Fibrosis: Results from a French Multicenter Prospective Study." Mycopathologia 183, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-017-0173-1.
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Marizan, Marizan, Yodi Mahendradhata, and Trisno Agung Wibowo. "Faktor yang berhubungan dengan tidak terkonversinya BTA positif pada pengobatan kasus baru di Semarang." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 32, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.7674.
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Factors related to non-conversion smear positive among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of SemarangPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify factors related to non-conversion of smear positive in treatment of new tuberculosis cases. MethodsThis study used a case control design and sampling by proportional random sampling technique. Samples were patients with smear grade positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were new cases of intensive phase of treatment and have repeated sputum examination. The numbers of samples in this research were 128 sample cases and 128 controls. ResultsThe factors associated with the conversion of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis treatment of new cases were age, sex, drug side effects, comorbidities and gradation smear results. The three variables that proved to jointly influence the incidence of smear positive conversion in the treatment of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were sputum smear results gradation, comorbidities and gender. ConclusionIt is necessary to design an appropriate drug taking supervisor for patients with positive smear positive results with +2 and +3 gradations and patients with comorbidities (HIV, hepatitis, diabetes mellitus).
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Samardzic, Natalija, Dragana Jovanovic, Ljiljana Markovic-Denic, Marina Roksandic-Milenkovic, Spasoje Popevic, and Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic. "Clinical features of endobronchial tuberculosis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 2 (2014): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1402156s.
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Background/Aim. Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a specific type of pulmonary tuberculosis which often affect the tracheobronchial tree, and can be microbiologically and/or pathohistologically confirmed. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features and diagnostic aspects of EBTB. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic for Lung Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, from January 1997 to December 2007. All patients with EBTB confirmed by bronchoscopy with biopsy during a study period were analysed. Data included the patient?s medical history, a physical exam, chest X-ray, mycobacterial analysis of sputum samples, endoscopic types and patohistological confirmation. Results. In the study, 57.6% of the patients were males. The most frequent symptoms were cough (71.2%), malaise (54.2%), fever (49.2%), weight loss (40.7%), and hemoptysis (13.6%). Most of the patients were diagnosed within 30 days of symptoms onset. Sputum examination showed acid-fast bacilli in 31.4% of the patients, while sputum culture for tuberculosis bacilli were positive in 55.9% of the patients. The most common radiographic localization was in the upper lung lobes (63.5%). Cavities were present in 60.4% of the patients. The most common endoscopic subtype determined by bronchoscopy were nonspecific bronchitis (39.9%) and edematous-hyperemic subtype (36.4%). Conclusion. EBTB was more frequent among men, and among people in their fifties in our country. Detailed bronchoscopic examination, correlated with clinical and laboratory findings, will improve diagnostic rate and provide timely therapy.
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Siregar, Ice Ratnalela, Mardan Ginting, and Halimah Fitriani Pane. "GAMBARAN BASIL TAHAN ASAM PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v16i1.985.
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ABCTRACT
Tuberculosis is an acute and chronic infections disease that mainly attacks the lungs caused by acid-resistant bacteria (BTA) which are gram positive rods (Mycobacterium tuberculose). Tuberculosis can attack various organs, especially the lungs. This disease if not treated or treatment is incomplete can cause complications until death. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of Acid Resistant Basil in lung TB patients who have been diagnosed by Doctors at Puskesmas Pancurbatu Deli Serdang Regency. This research is descriptive with total population. The sample size in this study was 28 samples. Sputum speech from the study sample was examined by the Zhiel Neelsen staining method. The study was conducted at the Puskesmas Laboratory, Puskesmas Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang Regency. Data were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of research conducted on Overview of acid-resistant bacilli (BTA) in Patients With Clinical Diagnosis OF Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Pancur Batu Public Health Center Deli Serdang District., apparently 20 samples (71%) were negative and 8 samples (29%) were positive. With the most positive results seen from the age of 17-48 years as many as 5 samples (62%) and those seen from the male Gender as many as 5 samples (62 %). Therefore it is suggested further research is needed by conducting sputum culture in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis but the results of sputum smear examination are negative.
Keywords : Tuberculosis, Acid Resistant Bacilli (BTA)
ABSTRAK
Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular akut maupun kronis yang terutama menyerang paru yang disebabkan oleh bakteri tahan asam (BTA) yang bersifat batang gram positif (Mycobacterium tuberculose). Tuberkulosis dapat menyerang berbagai organ terutama paru-paru. Penyakit ini jika tidak diobati atau pengobatannya tidak tuntas dapat menimbulkan komplikasi hingga kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Basil Tahan Asam Pada Penderita TB Paru yang telah di Diagnosa Dokter di Puskesmas Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif dengan total populasi. Besar sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 28 sampel. SpeSimen sputum dari sampel penelitian diperiksa dengan metode Pewarnaan Zhiel Neelsen. Penelitian di lakukan di Laboratorium Puskesmas Puskesmas Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang.data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasrkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan tentang Gambaran Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) Pada Penderita Diagnosa Klinis Tuberkulosis Paru Di Puskesmas Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang, ternyata 20 sampel (71%) negatif dan 8 sampel (29%) positif. Dengan hasil positif terbanyak dilihat dari umur 17-48 tahun sebanyak 5 sampel (62%) dan yang dilihat dari Jenis Kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 5 sampel (62%). Denga demikian disarankan Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjut dengan melakukan kultur sputum pada penderita terduga tuberkulosis paru namun hasil pemeriksaan sputum BTA negatif.
Kata Kunci : Tuberkulosis, Bakteri Tahan Asam (BTA)
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Dewu, Sherly, Rahmahsari Bala, and Norma Tiku Kambuno. "Differences of Preparation Examination Methods for the Number of Acid-Resistant Bacteria." JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol18.iss1.390.
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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which transmission is sputum less micro-discharge issued by an infected patient. The examination of tuberculosis in acid-resistant bacteria is recommended by WHO using the Ziehl Neelsen method. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in the way the preparations were examined for the number of acid-resistant bacteria. This research is a cross-sectional design laboratory experimental research. The study was conducted in June-July 2018. The examination was conducted microscopically using the Ziehl Neelsen method. The inspection procedure is performed on direct preparations and indirectly checked. The results of the study conducted showed that there was no significant difference in the number of acid-resistant bacteria (p-value = 0.758). It was concluded that the results of examining the number of positive acid-resistant bacteria in direct and indirect preparations examined did not affect the results of the number of bacteria on the microscopic examination of positive acid-resistant bacteria. It is recommended for further studies on the use of uniformed samples for the making of preparations using one of the samples at any time.
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Hicham Chemsi, Farida Hilali, Abdelilah Laraqui, Tahar Bajjou, and Yassine Sekhsokh. "Resistance profile of bacteria to antibiotics in an out hospital environment." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4749.
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For an increasing number of infections and causative agents, treatment becomes more difficult or impossible because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. As a result, resistance is a real public health problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of community bacterial infection as well as to establish a susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from antibiotics. It is a prospective study, descriptive type. It was conducted in a non-hospital setting over a six-month period. The inclusion criteria were all positive specimens: urinary examination, vaginal sampling, urethral sampling, pus, sputum, sperm. Exclusion criteria included patients with negative examinations and other microorganisms (viruses, fungal infections and parasites). The data collection was done using an information sheet. An antibiogram is performed for the study of resistance. Data mining was performed and analyzed statistically. Of 1565 samples that met the inclusion criteria, 1228 strains were Gram-negative bacilli (78.46%), 323 Gram-positive cocci (20.64%), 14 Gram-negative cocci (0.9%). The sex ratio was 2.2. The distribution of isolates showed a predominance of urinary examinations 1076 (68.8%), vaginal samples 195 (12.5%), urethral specimens 111 (7.1%), sputum 105 (6.7%), spermocultures 36 (2.3%), plus 28 (1.8%) and various 14 (0.8%). It was represented by Escherichia coli 986 (63.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 235 (15.1%), Staphylococcus sp 106 (6.8%), Enterococcus sp 64 (4.1%), Streptococcus sp 59 (3%). , 8%), Enterobacter sp 39 (2.5%), Pseudomonas sp 28 (1.7%), Proteus sp 25 (1.5%), Neisseria gonorrhoae 13 (0.8%), Citrobacter koseri 8 (0%) , 5%) and Acinetobacter sp 2 (0.1%). The susceptibility frequency of enterobacteria is represented by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 49.3%, ceftriaxone 97.1%, cefuroxime 89%, cefotaxime 100%, gentamicin 69.6%, ciprofloxacin 75.1% , sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 41.1% and doxycycline 29.9%.
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Afsana, F., SNAA Jamil, and ZA Latif. "Study of Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects with Pulmonary Tuberculosis." BIRDEM Medical Journal 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v4i1.18545.
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Aims: Type 2 DM is a global epidemic and recognized as a threat to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) control worldwide especially in developing countries. When tuberculosis is diagnosed in diabetic subjects both can be affected in term of clinical presentation and course of disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters of newly detected PTB patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Seventy two diabetic subjects with newly detected PTB attending outpatient department, BIRDEM were studied. Patients with fever, cough, hemoptysis and/or weight loss were interviewed by a structured questionnaire. After thorough clinical examination, blood sugar, complete blood count (CBC), ESR, sputum for bacteriological culture and acid fast bacilli (AFB) (3 samples), X-ray chest were done. The diagnosis of PTB was based on a positive sputum AFB test, a suggestive CBC report or typical radiographic findings with high clinical probability. Diagnosed PTB cases were included in the study. All patients were followed up at least at1st, 3rd and 6th month of antitubercular therapy. Result: Mean age of study subjects was 46(19-75) years. The study subjects do not have past history of tuberculosis. Most of the study subjects (98.6%) were on insulin for treatment of diabetes. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.9kg/m². Mean ESR (mm in 1st hour) was 94.5 with 60% subjects having ESR >100. Sputum for bacteriological culture revealed no growth in 77.3% patients. Chest X-ray revealed cavity in 47.2%, opacity in 40.3%, both opacity and cavity in 5.6 %, pleural effusion in 5.6% and 5.5% had no detectable lesion. All patients were sputum AFB positive and among them 73.6% (n=53) had AFB positive in all 3 samples. Most of the patients (n=62, 86.6%) become sputum AFB negative after one month of treatment initiation. Rest 10 subjects (13.4%) become sputum negative in 2 months follow up and all of these patients had cavitary lesions in chest X-rays. A good number of the patients (98%) with positive x-ray finding showed radiological improvement after 2 months of antitubercular treatment. All the patients completed their therapy without any interruption for 6 months. Conclusion: Pulmonary cavity and opacity is the commonest radiological finding among study subjects. Sputum positivity for AFB is a good diagnostic tool for PTB in diabetic subjects. Subjects with cavitary lesion in chest X-ray become sputum negative than others. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v4i1.18545 Birdem Med J 2014; 4(1): 5-8
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Al-Hashimy, Ashwak B., Huda S. Alagely, Akeel K. Albuaji, and Khalid R. Majeed. "Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by OprD Gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that Isolated from Clinical Samples." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 9, no. 01 (January 9, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.9.1.8.
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The present study included the collection of 100 samples from various clinical sources for investigating the presence of P. aeruginosa in those sources, the samples have been collected from some hospitals in Baghdad and Hillah city (Al-qassim General Hospital, ,Al-hillah teaching hospital,and Al-hashimya General hospital ) which included wounds, burns, ear and sputum infections. The study was carried out through October 2017 till the end of March 2018. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing or number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to P.aeruginosa bacteria during previous tests based on the OprD gene which has specific sequences for P.aeruginosa bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance . The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 18 of burns, 11 isolates of wounds, 6 isolates of ear infection and 3 isolates of sputum, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for elected 38 isolation towards the 9 antibiotic by a Bauer - Kirby and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as Ciprofloxacin 65.7%, Norflaxacin 71%, Imipenem 63.1% Meropenem 68.4%, Gentamicin 65.7%, Amikacin 26.3%, Cefepime 68.4%, Ceftazidime 65.7% and Piperacillin 57.8%.Molecular method , All isolates (38) of P. aeruginosa positive for the diagnostic special gene (OprD) genes (100%).
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El Khéchine, Amel, Mireille Henry, Didier Raoult, and Michel Drancourt. "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms in the stools of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis." Microbiology 155, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026484-0.
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The laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis mainly relies on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) organisms in the sputum. In patients who do not give sputum, alternative respiratory tract specimens can be obtained only by invasive procedures. Based on the known survival of MTC organisms in the gastric fluid, we hypothesized that swallowed MTC organisms would be detectable in stool samples. We compared the presence of MTC organisms in respiratory tract specimens and stool specimens collected in parallel from the same patients. MTC was detected in cultures grown on egg-based medium after appropriate decontamination, by microscopic examination after Ziehl–Neelsen staining and by real-time PCR detection of IS6110 using internal controls. A case of pulmonary tuberculosis was defined by the presence of (i) clinical and radiological signs and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis, and (ii) culture of MTC organisms from at least one respiratory tract specimen or (iii) the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the sputum that were subsequently identified as MTC organisms by real-time PCR. The observation of 134 patients suspected to be suffering pulmonary tuberculosis led to the identification of 24 cases and 110 non-infected control patients. Cases and controls did not significantly differ with respect to sex but cases were significantly younger than controls. The sensitivity/specificity was 37.5 %/100 % for the microscopic examination of stools, 54.2 %/100 % for culturing and 100 %/97.3 % for real-time PCR. The positive predicted value was 100 %, 100 % and 88.9 %, respectively, and the negative predicted value was 88 %, 90.9 % and 100 %, respectively. In four patients, a stool specimen initially yielded the correct diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis before evaluation of the respiratory tract specimen confirmed the diagnosis. These data indicate that stools could be used in conjunction with sputum testing or as an alternative specimen upon which to base the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by molecular identification of acid-fast bacilli and culture. This non-invasive alternative procedure is of particular interest for patients who cannot expectorate.
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Słupski, Maciej, Michał Wiciński, Dawid Khuat, and Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska. "A rare case of isolated pancreatic tuberculosis in a 70-year-old patient - a case report." Polish Journal of Surgery 91, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8880.
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We report a case of rare solitary pancreatic tuberculoma. 70 years old woman admitted to hospital in order to conduct diagnostics of a tumor located in the head of the pancreas. All symptoms pointed at pancreatic cancer, but histopathological examinations were inconclusive. Additionally, there were no clinical signs or symptoms of tuberculosis in the lungs. X-ray of the chest showed no abnormalities. The patient denied tuberculosis in the medical interview. There were no bacilli in the sputum. During an exploratory laparotomy, the samples of a tissue have been taken for pathomorphological examination. The microscopic image caused a suspicion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis etiology, which was confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In recent years, tuberculosis has become more and more common in Europe, which is why the described case can be a guide for doctors to help to avoid diagnostic errors and speed up the treatment process.
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Pirogov, A. B., D. A. Gassan, S. S. Zinov’ev, A. G. Prikhodko, V. P. Kolosov, and J. M. Perelman. "Destruction of the bronchial epithelium in patients with severe asthma according to different patterns of inflammation and cold airway hyperresponsiveness." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.03.000091.
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The aim of the research was to study the state of the bronchial mucosa epi-thelium in relation to the severity of clinical manifestations in severe uncon-trolled asthma depending on the pattern of inflammation and the presence of cold airway hyperresponsiveness. Materials and methods. In 48 patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, there were assessed asthma symptoms, clinical signs of cold airway hyperre-sponsiveness, and lung function; the samples of slides were analyzed in the cytological examination of the sputum; the degree of damage to epithelial cells and granulocytes was estimated using the total cell destruction index (CDI). Results. According to the analysis of sputum cytograms, the patients were divided into two groups: group I (22 patients) included persons with eosin-ophilic inflammation pattern (31.0±3.1% of eosinophils and 22.0±2.2% of neutrophils), group II (26 patients) was with mixed inflammation pattern (7.2±1.4 and 71.8±4.2%, respectively). The patients of group II had lower disease control according to Asthma Control Test (ACT; 12.1±0.7 and 17.8±0.2 points, respectively; р
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Karki, Bindu, Guenter Kittel, Ignatius Bolokon, and Trevor Duke. "Active Community-Based Case Finding for Tuberculosis With Limited Resources." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516683497.
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Papua New Guinea is one of the 14 highest-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) infection, but few community-based studies exist. We evaluated a low-cost method of active community case finding in Kabwum and Wasu in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Over 3 months we visited 26 villages and screened adults and children for symptoms and signs of TB. Sputum samples were examined using smear microscopy. A total of 1700 people had chronic symptoms, of which 267 were suspicious for TB on further examination. Sputum from 230 symptomatic adults yielded 97 samples that were positive for acid-fast bacilli. In addition, 15 cases of extrapulmonary TB in adults and 17 cases of TB in children were identified. One hundred and thirty people were identified with active TB disease among the source population of approximately 17 000, giving an estimated prevalence of 765 per 100 000. One hundred and six (82%) cases were not previously diagnosed. The cost per case identified was US$146. It is feasible to conduct active community-based case finding and treatment initiation for TB with limited resources and in remote areas, and in Papua New Guinea the yield was high. Active case finding and follow-up of treatment in villages is needed to address the hidden burden of TB in Papua New Guinea and other high-burden Asia Pacific countries.
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Kumar, Anand, Aparjot Singh, Sudhir Chaudhri, Sanjay Kumar Verma, Kiran Pandey, Mahendra Singh, and Surya Kant. "A study to know the prevalence of genital tuberculosis in female’s pulmonary tuberculosis patients and role of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test in genital tuberculosis from North India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210413.
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Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most commonly, infects the lungs (pulmonary TB). Most cases of female genital TB (FGTB) are found in premenopausal women, theoretically because an atrophic endometrium provides a poor milieu for mycobacterial growth. Female genital TB generally occurs secondary to pulmonary (commonest) and more common in women with reproductive age group. The present study was designed to know the prevalence of genital tuberculosis in female’s pulmonary tuberculosis patients and role of cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) in genital tuberculosis.Methods: The patients of female’s pulmonary tuberculosis were picked up from out-patient and in patients’ section of the hospital at random. After ruling out pregnancy, the endometrial samples were collected from premenstrual endometrium (approximately 2-3 days before menstruation) and were subjected to histopathological examination and CBNAAT. Day 1 or 2 menstrual blood of unmarried females and patients not giving consent for biopsy were taken.Results: Seventy married and 20 unmarried patients of female pulmonary tuberculosis patients were evaluated for genital tuberculosis. The mean age of married population was 29±7.68 years. Cough with expectoration was most common respiratory symptoms and seen in 94% cases. In present study 89% cases were sputum positive and 11% were sputum negative. The percentage of non MDR and MDR TB cases were respectively 95.7 and 4.2% respectively. Among the gynecological symptom’s irregular menstruation, vaginal discharge and pelvic pain were present in 68, 60 and 52% of the study patients respectively. The diagnosis of FGTB by histopathology examination and CBNAAT were 28.6 and 17.1% respectively.Conclusions: In present study FGTB diagnosed by histopathology examination and CBNAAT were 28.6 and 17.1% respectively and which was statistically significant (c2=28.25 and p value=0.00001).
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Triandini, Nova, Dyana Eka Hadiati, Usep Abdullah Husin, Tjoekra Roekmantara, and Sadeli Masria. "Hubungan Hasil Pemeriksaan Sputum Basil Tahan Asam dengan Gambaran Luas Lesi Radiologi Tuberkulosis Paru di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung." Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v1i1.4329.
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Tuberkulosis (TB) sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, walaupun upaya pengendalian strategi directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) telah diterapkan di banyak negara. Masalah yang dihadapi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang adalah keterlambatan mendiagnosis TB paru. Keterlambatan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB paru dapat berasal dari pasien atau dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam (BTA) menurut International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) dengan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pada pasien TB paru dewasa di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni tahun 2018 dan subjek penelitian ini data pasien tuberkulosis paru di RS Al Islam dengan minimal sampel sebanyak 76 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BTA negatif dengan lesi minimal 21 dari 34, BTA+1 dengan lesi minimal 18 dari 23, BTA +2 dengan lesi moderately advanced 14 dari 21, dan BTA +3 lesi far advanced 16 dari 23. Hasil analisis Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0.00 dengan kekuatan korelasi (rho) 0,51. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan cukup erat antara hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam dan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pasien tuberculosis paru di RS Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPUTUM EXAMINATION RESULTS OF ACID FAST BACILLI AND EXTENT OF RADIOLOGICAL LESIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT AL ISLAM HOSPITAL BANDUNGTuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world, although direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy control has been implemented in many countries. The problem faced in both developed and developing countries is the delay in diagnosing pulmonary TB. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB can come from the patient or from the health care system. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between sputum examination results of acid fast bacilli (AFB) according to International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and extent of radiological lesions in patients with adult pulmonary TB at Al Islam Hospital Bandung from 2016–2017. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in March–June of 2018 and the subjects of this study were pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Al Islam Hospital with a minimum of 76 samples selected by purposive sampling and meeting inclusion criteria. Instrument data collection in the form of medical record. The results showed AFB negative with minimal lesion 21 of 24, AFB + 1 with minimal lesion 18 of 23, AFB +2 with moderately advanced lesions 14 of 21, and AFB +3 far advanced lesions 14 of 23. Fisher’s exact analysis results obtained p=0.00 with correlation power (rho) 0.51. In conclution that there is a sufficiently close relationship between the results of examination of acid fast bacilli sputum and an extend of radiological lung tuberculosis patients in RS Al Islam Bandung from 2016–2017.
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Kulawik, Joanna Domagała, Aleksandra Safianowska, Renata Walkiewicz, and Hanna Grubek Jaworska. "Mycobacterium celatum infection: Successful treatment with ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin." Case Reports in Internal Medicine 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2014): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/crim.v1n1p26.
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Mycobacterium celatum is nontuberculous mycobacterium which is rarely pathogenic in human. We describe the case of M. celatum infection in immunocompetent patient. Caucasian 64-years old female patient was referred to the outpatient service because of pulmonary hemorrhage, cough and fever up to 39oC. She reported previous pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) 3 years ago. At presentation the physical examination was unremarkable. Chest computed tomographic scan showed multifocal bronchiectases and upper lobes consolidations suggestive. Empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin was undertaken. At the same time the consecutive sputum samples were immediately analyzed. Smears of six from eight sputum specimens were positive for acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Culture from each specimen produced slow-growing mycobacterium, identified as M. celatum by mycolic acid analysis with high performance liquid chromatography. The treatment with clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin was continued for 18 months with clinical improvement. Conclusion- we present the accuracy of microbiological diagnosis of M. celatum in patient with normal immune status, which allowed successful treatment. M. celatum infection was reported in HIV infected patients or with the history of pulmonary TB prior to mycobacterial infection. Also in our patient the TB in anamnesis may indicate “hidden immunodeficiency”.
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Ong, Kingsfield, Keerthi Rajapaksha, Chin Siang Ong, Ali Akbar Fazuludeen, and Aneez Dokeu Basheer Ahmed. "Triple Cultures Increase the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Mycobacterial Tuberculosis Empyema." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4362804.
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Background. There is a continuous debate on the appropriate diagnostic approach and surgical management of mycobacterial empyema, with widely varied diagnostic practices and surgical outcomes. The aim of this study is to highlight the diagnostic approach and clinical features of patients who required surgical intervention for mycobacterial empyema.Methods. We performed a 5-year retrospective cohort study of all patients with mycobacterial empyema requiring surgery in a single institution from November 2009 to November 2014.Results. Eighteen patients (15 males and 3 females, median age 48.5 years) required surgery. Seventeen patients required decortication via posterolateral thoracotomy and one patient underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery drainage and pleural debridement. Prolonged air leak was the commonest surgical complication (50%,n=9). 94.4% (n=17) had necrotizing granulomatous inflammation on histological examination. The sensitivity of mycobacterium smear and culture ranged between 12.5% and 75% for pleural tissue, sputum, and pleural fluid individually. The combination of all 3 samples increased the diagnostic yield to 100%.Conclusion. With the implementation of pleural tissue culture at surgery, the novel combination of sputum, pleural fluid, and pleural tissue culture provides excellent diagnostic yield.
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Maranatha, Daniel, and Mawardi Mawardi. "Perbandingan Pola Kuman dan Kadar Biomarker Inflamasi Penderita Severe Pneumonia dengan Penderita Non-severe Pneumonia." Jurnal Respirasi 5, no. 2 (July 18, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v5-i.2.2019.29-33.
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Background: Severe pneumonia is still a serious problem with high mortality rate. The cause of severe pneumonia due to high inflammation or different microbial pattern compared to non-severe pneumonia is still unknown. Methods: An analytic observational study with cross-sectional design was performed in patients with severe pneumonia and non-severe pneumonia treated in intensive care unit (ICU), intensive observation room (ROI), and all inpatient wards of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya for a period of 1 year from September 2017 to September 2018. Patients with pneumonia accompanied by active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), lung tumors, and acute infections other than pulmonary organs were excluded from this study. All study subjects were taken for sputum samples for aerobic sputum culture and blood samples for biomarker examination of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Results: The total subjects were 64. Mean value of CRP and PCT levels severe pneumonia was 143.8 mg/L and PCT levels 23.1 ng/ml, respectively. Mean value of CRP and PCT levels non-severe pneumonia was 75.0 mg/L and PCT level 8.08 ng/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference in CRP and PCT levels of severe pneumonia and non-severe pneumonia patients (p < 0.05), whereas no meaningful difference in microbial patterns in both groups. Conclusion: Since inflammation responses of severe pneumonia were more massive than nonsevere patients, it will produce higher CRP and PCT levels.
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Boum, Yap, Soyeon Kim, Patrick Orikiriza, Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, Solange Vinhas, Maryline Bonnet, Dan Nyehangane, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire, Kevin P. Fennelly, and Edward C. Jones-López. "Diagnostic Accuracy of the Small Membrane Filtration Method for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a High-HIV-Prevalence Setting." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 1520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00017-16.
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Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy has suboptimal sensitivity but remains the most commonly used laboratory test to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We prospectively evaluated the small membrane filtration (SMF) method that concentrates AFB in a smaller area to facilitate detection to improve the diagnostic performance of microscopy. We enrolled adults with suspicion of pulmonary TB from health facilities in southwestern Uganda. Clinical history, physical examination, and 3 sputum samples were obtained for direct fluorescent AFB smear, SMF, Xpert MTB/RIF, and MGIT culture media. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for SMF, AFB smear, and Xpert MTB/RIF, using MGIT as the reference standard. The analysis was stratified according to HIV status. From September 2012 to April 2014, 737 participants were included in the HIV-infected stratum (146 [20.5%] were culture positive) and 313 were in the HIV-uninfected stratum (85 [28%] were culture positive). In HIV-infected patients, the sensitivity of a single SMF was 67.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.9% to 74.1%); for AFB, 68.0% (95% CI, 60.6% to 74.6%); and for Xpert MTB/RIF, 91.0% (95% CI, 85.0% to 94.8%). In HIV-uninfected patients, the corresponding sensitivities were 72.5% (95% CI, 62.1% to 80.9%), 80.3% (95% CI, 70.8% to 87.2%), and 93.5% (95% CI, 85.7% to 97.2%). The specificity for all 3 tests in both HIV groups was ≥96%. In this setting, the SMF method did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of sputum AFB. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay performed well in both HIV-infected and -uninfected groups.
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Gurung, Rajendra, R. Shrestha, N. Poudyal, and SK Bhattacharya. "Ziehl Neelsen vs. Auramine staining technique for detection of acid fast bacilli." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i1.19755.
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Background: The culture and molecular test are the best methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in developed countries. But, in developing countries like Nepal with a significant number of tuberculosis (TB) cases and limited resources, the diagnosis of TB relies primarily on smear microscopy for Acid fast bacilli (AFB).Objective: To compare the results of direct sputum examination for AFB stained by Ziehl Neelsen and Auramine technique.Method: Cross sectional comparative study was conducted in tuberculosis research laboratory, BPKIHS from April to June 2013. A total of 100 sputum samples were collected randomly. Four slides were smeared and labeled for each as neat ZN, neat Auramine, concentrate ZN and concentrate Auramine. Slides were processed as per WHO laboratory guidelines.Results: The findings of this study revealed that 3% positive with neat Auramine was negative for ZN stain. Similarly, 5% positive cases with Auramine concentrate were negative with ZN concentrate technique. Auramine stain was able to detect all ZN positive as positive but only 83 cases were detected as negative among 88 case of ZN negative. Both concentration techniques showed 12% of positive with significant relationship. With this; Auramine showed 100% sensitivity, 94.6% specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values 70.5, 100% respectively.Conclusion: Auramine stain stands efficient on comparison and can be used as an alternative to ZN stain, with added value of allowing a large number of sputum specimens to be examined in a given time as low power is used for examination.Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018, Page: 59-66
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Heng, Jacob S., Alan Baird, Marco R. Novelli, Robert N. Davidson, and Rajinder P. Bhutiani. "Filiform Polyposis Secondary to Colonic Tuberculosis Presenting as Acute Colo-Colonic Intussusception." Case Reports in Surgery 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/578263.
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Filiform polyposis represents a rare but recognised manifestation on the varied spectrum of histopathology in colonic tuberculosis. We report a case of filiform polyposis secondary to colonic tuberculosis presenting as colo-colonic intussusception diagnosed on an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient required urgent hemicolectomy and defunctioning ileostomy. Examination of the resected bowel lesions revealed filiform polyposis. Induced sputum samples from the patient grewMycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient recovered well from the surgery and received treatment for tuberculosis. At last follow-up, he was awaiting the reversal of his ileostomy. The protean nature of histological findings in colonic tuberculosis and other current diagnostic challenges are discussed. The importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for colonic tuberculosis and instituting early treatment is highlighted in this case.
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Abdelsadek, Hossam A., Hassan M. Sobhy, Kh F. Mohamed, Sahar H. A. Hekal, Amany N. Dapgh, and Ashraf S. Hakim. "Multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium complex species in Egyptian farm animals, veterinarians, and farm and abattoir workers." October-2020 13, no. 10 (2020): 2150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2150-2155.
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Background and Aim: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of mycobacteria that are important human pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cause serious chronic life-threatening disease and also significant economic losses in both production and remedication. Recently, emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) complex has generated global recognition of the need for rapid and sensitive diagnosis and development of new treatments. The current study illustrates the isolation/identification of MTBC strains in specimens obtained from cows and humans by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. Further, the study assesses sensitivity to antituberculosis drugs in isolated MDR strains. Materials and Methods: A total of 1464 samples from cattle (1285 raw milk and 179 lymph node), and 149 human sputum samples, were collected from farms and abattoirs in Delta Egypt. Conventional methods (culture and Ziehl–Neelsen staining) were implemented as were RT-PCR using MTBC universal DNA. The effect of some antituberculosis drugs on obtained isolates was assayed using drug susceptibility proportion and qualitative suspension techniques. Results: The MBTC detection rate using the culture method was higher than for Ziehl–Neelsen staining; raw cow milk (2.56 vs. 1.63%), lymph nodes (51.59 vs. 48.04%), and human sputum (5.36 vs. 4.02%). A total of 135 isolates were obtained. Application of RT-PCR detected 138 isolates from the same set of samples. MBTC isolates were resistant to first-line antituberculosis drugs, such as pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol by 78.5, 59.3, 40.7, and 31.8%, respectively, and could be highly resistant to kanamycin (82.3%) and amikacin (80.7%). However, isolates remained sensitive to ciprofloxacin (71.1%) and clarithromycin (73.3%) as second-line drugs. Conclusion: There is a growing risk for isolation of MDR-TB from raw milk and lymph nodes of field tuberculin positive cattle as well as sputum of veterinarians and workers existed in farms and abattoirs. PCR-based techniques have become the gold standard for the identification of mycobacterial species, showing high efficiency compared to bacteriological and microscopic examination. Application of the first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs in combination could counter the MDR-TB concern once infections are identified.
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Amalia, Rizki Nur, and Isnu Pradjoko. "Nilai Diagnostik Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Cairan Pleura pada Penderita Efusi Pleura Tuberkulosi." Jurnal Respirasi 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v2-i.2.2016.35-40.
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Background: Tuberculosis pleural effusion is the most common extrapulmonary TB after lymphadenitis TB. Limited diagnostic methods make TB pleural effusion hard to diagnose. Adenosine deaminase ADA is an enzyme in purin catabolism process which catalyze adenosine into inosine and deoksiadenosine into deoksiinosin. This process is important in lymphoid cell differentiation. ADA is elevated in TB pleural effusion. Method: This study was a cross sectional analytic observational. Statistic analysis was using two independent samples T test. ROC curve was used to determine cut off value of ADA. Kappa test was used to determined the level of agreement of ADA cut off value. Results: Forty eight samples were included in this study, 18 samples with TB pleural effusion and 30 samples with non TB pleural effusion. There was significant difference between pleural fluid ADA in TB and non TB. Positivity of AFB sputum and MTB culture did not show any significant differences. Cut off ADA value for TB pleural effusion diagnosis was 39,19 with sensitivity 88,9% and spesificity 90%. Conclusion: Examination of ADA level in pleural fluid is a usefull tool to diagnose TB pleural effusion.
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Pant, S., KR Bhusal, and S. Manandhar. "Microbiology of lower respiratory tract infection in workers of garment industry of Kathmandu." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3.12772.
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By mistake the wrong PDF was loaded for this article. The correct PDF was loaded on 19th September 2016. OBJECTIVES This study was designed with the objectives of describing the distribution pattern of microorganisms responsible for causing LRTI in the workers of garment industries.MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 198 cases of suspected person of Lower Respiratory Tract infection (LRTI) LRTI were included in this study. This study was conducted between November 2009 to April 2010. Specimen for the study was expectorated sputum. Gram-stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and culture were performed.RESULTS On direct microscopic examination, 20.51% were Gram positive bacteria, 79.48% were Gram negative bacteria and 4% were smear positive AFB. On culture sensitivity examination, 22% percent showed growth of different bacteria in different culture media. The bacteria isolated from the samples included Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.38%), Proteus mirabilis (15.38%) and Citrobacterfruendii (15.38%). Gram Negative bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (92.30%, 24/26) and Amikacin (92.30%, 24/26). Similarly, Gram Positive bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%, 8/8) followed by Cloxacillin and Cephalexin (87.5%, 7/8). Smear positive AFB was significantly associated with not using the protective measures (mask) by workers and presence of symptoms (cough for more than two weeks, night sweat, hemoptysis and anorexia) (p=0.031). Culture positivity was significantly associated with symptoms like production of purulent sputum (p=0.045).CONCLUSION There was insignificant association between LRTI and risk factors present in working room of garment industries. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Ampicillin and Cephalexin.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 14-22
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Bichha, R. P., K. B. Karki, R. Sultana, K. K. Jha, V. S. Salhotra, D. K. Khadka, and A. P. Weerakoon. "Study on Culture Positivity among Sputum Smear Negative Tuberculosis Suspects attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v16i1.23244.
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Background: Globally, more than half of all TB cases are not detected. If they are not diagnosed and get treatment infection transmission may continue and patients suffer and may eventually die. Pulmonary TB either smear positive or negative is normally diagnosed by Ziehl-Neelsen stained sputum smear examination microscopy. Since the culture is the gold standard, evaluation of smear negative TB cases by this method is likely to detect more cases.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out culture positivity among smear negative patients.
Methods: All the three sputum samples reported negative by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy from a total of 138 new TB suspected cases more than 15 years of age at NTC Laboratory. Nepal were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media. Tubes showing sufficient growth (culture positive) were recorded and all the culture positive results were informed to NTC. The culture positive samples were processed for DST on first line drugs using proportion method.
Results: The culture positivity rate was 5.1% (7 of 138 cases) All the positive cultures were processed for DST on first line anti-TB drugs and none showed resistance of the total 138 suspected Tuberculosis patients, 94 (68.1%) were males and 44 were females (31.9%) with male: female ratio 1:047. The mean age of the total patients were 30.69. Nearly 42% of them belonged to 31-50 years. Mean age of the male patients was significantly higher than total of the female (p<.001).
Conclusions: Seven smear negative cases among the total of 138 suspected TB patients attending NTC were culture positive. Similar study has to be done in other parts of the country.
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Doyle, Alfred D., Manali Mukherjee, William E. LeSuer, Tyler B. Bittner, Saif M. Pasha, Justin J. Frere, Joseph L. Neely, et al. "Eosinophil-derived IL-13 promotes emphysema." European Respiratory Journal 53, no. 5 (February 6, 2019): 1801291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01291-2018.
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The inflammatory responses in chronic airway diseases leading to emphysema are not fully defined. We hypothesised that lung eosinophilia contributes to airspace enlargement in a mouse model and to emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A transgenic mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation (I5/hE2) was used to examine eosinophil-dependent mechanisms leading to airspace enlargement. Human sputum samples were collected for translational studies examining eosinophilia and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 levels in patients with chronic airways disease.Airspace enlargement was identified in I5/hE2 mice and was dependent on eosinophils. Examination of I5/hE2 bronchoalveolar lavage identified elevated MMP-12, a mediator of emphysema. We showed, in vitro, that eosinophil-derived interleukin (IL)-13 promoted alveolar macrophage MMP-12 production. Airspace enlargement in I5/hE2 mice was dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. Consistent with this, MMP-12 was elevated in patients with sputum eosinophilia and computed tomography evidence of emphysema, and also negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s.A mouse model of chronic type 2 pulmonary inflammation exhibited airspace enlargement dependent on MMP-12 and eosinophil-derived IL-4/13. In chronic airways disease patients, lung eosinophilia was associated with elevated MMP-12 levels, which was a predictor of emphysema. These findings suggest an underappreciated mechanism by which eosinophils contribute to the pathologies associated with asthma and COPD.
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Mertaniasih, Ni Made. "ACID-FAST BACILLI CONVERSION OF BEIJING AND NON-BEIJING STRAIN OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH SULAWESI." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 7, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v7i5.9670.
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Beijing strains are a major part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Asian phylogenetic lineage. Beijing strains represent about 50% of all TB strains in East Asia and at least 13% of strains worldwide. Beijing strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is presumed as the factor of the increase in bacteria virulence and drug resistance, and the contributor in treatment failure. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between acid-fast bacilli conversion with strain genotipe Beijing and non-Beijing of pulmonary tuberculosis in South Sulawesi. The design of research was observational analytic with prospective approach. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Data were taken from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients’ medical record in Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Makassar (Pulmonary Health Center of Makassar) and Community Health Center in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi from March to June 2018. Collected sputum samples were screened for AFB and identified as Beijing strain and non Beijing strains using Multiplex PCR in Tropical Disease Institute of Universitas Airlangga. The results is showed that the characteristics of the respondents consisted of 12 respondents (33.3%) aged 56-65 years, 25 respondents (69.4%) men and 28 respondents (77.8%) had low category gradation of AFB smear. Univariate analysis showed 6 respondents (16.7%) with Beijing strains, 30 respondents (83.3%) with non-Beijing strains, 32 respondents (88.9%) conversion sputum AFB and 4 respondents (11.1%) non conversion sputum AFB. Bivariate analysis with Chi-Square statistical test shows that p value 0.022 < 0,05, that means there was association of Beijing strains with BTA conversion. Microscopic examination of BTA can be used to monitor and evaluate the treatment of new pulmonary TB patients undergoing treatment and the Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain has a significant correlation with the treatment failure of anti-tuberculosis drugs in South Sulawesi.
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Qin, Dilan, Xiaoxiao He, Kemin Wang, Xiaojun Julia Zhao, Weihong Tan, and Jiyun Chen. "Fluorescent Nanoparticle-Based Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2007 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/89364.
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A method of fluorescent nanoparticle-based indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (FNP-IIFM) was developed for the rapid detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. An anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosisantibody was used as primary antibody to recognizeMycobacterium tuberculosis, and then an antibody binding protein (Protein A) labeled with Tris(2,2-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (RuBpy)-doped silica nanoparticles was used to generate fluorescent signal for microscopic examination. Prior to the detection, Protein A was immobilized on RuBpy-doped silica nanoparticles with a coverage of∼5.1×102molecules/nanoparticle. With this method,Mycobacterium tuberculosisin bacterial mixture as well as in spiked sputum was detected. The use of the fluorescent nanoparticles reveals amplified signal intensity and higher photostability than the direct use of conventional fluorescent dye as label. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated the potential application of the FNP-IIFM method for rapid detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin clinical samples.
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Mehari, Kibriti, Tsehaye Asmelash, Haftamu Hailekiros, Tewolde Wubayehu, Hagos Godefay, Tadele Araya, and Muthupandian Saravanan. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among Presumptive MDR-TB Patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (September 9, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2923549.
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Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems. There are alarming reports of increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MTR-TB) from various parts of the globe, including Ethiopia. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with MDR-TB among presumptive MDR-TB cases in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tigray Regional State from 2015 to 2016. Two hundred sputum samples were collected, transported, processed using 2% N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide, and cultured in LJ medium. Besides, the microscopic examination was performed after ZN staining. Moreover, drug susceptibility test was done using molecular line probe assay. Descriptive statistics and binary and multivariable logistic regression were done. A statistical test was regarded as significant when the P value was <0.05. Results. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be 18.5%. About one-fourth (26.5%) of the study participants had sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). TB culture was positive in 37% of the samples, and rifampicin mono-resistant cases accounted for 3.5% of the presumptive MDR-TB cases. Three (1.5%) were new MDR-TB cases, while the rest had been treated previously for TB. Most (63.5%) of the MDR-TB cases were from 15 to 44 years of age. Age was associated with MDR-TB with a crude odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.02–1.10) and adjusted odds ratio of 1.06 (CI: 1.00–1.11). Conclusions. The prevalence of MDR-TB was found to be high. Preventive measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of MDR-TB in the community.
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Agarwal, Abhishek, Saurav Pandey, S. K. Verma, Anand Verma, Tasleem Raza, and Surya Kant. "Comparison of real time PCR with phenotypic methods in bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (April 25, 2018): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181761.
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Background: Early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is of utmost importance for proper control of the disease in the patient. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is usually by acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear examination and culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In this study, we have employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MTB in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) along with AFB smear and culture MTB for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Era’s Lucknow medical college and Hospital, Lucknow over a period of two years. A total of 123 previously treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled for the study whose two sputum smear samples were negative for AFB. These patients underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL was obtained which was sent for AFB smear, culture MTB and PCR for MTB.Results: The examination of BAL revealed the highest sensitivity for culture MTB at 87.4% followed by PCR for MTB at 73.8% and then AFB smear at 61.2%. PCR for MTB helped in diagnosing an additional 12% patients of pulmonary tuberculosis which were negative on AFB smear and an additional 6.8% patients which were negative on culture MTB.Conclusions: PCR for MTB is useful in making an early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis especially in paucibacillary cases negative on AFB smear and also in some culture MTB negative patients.