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Journal articles on the topic 'Squalene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Bucciol, Fabio, Gertraud Scholz, Hans Jürgen Scholz, and Giancarlo Cravotto. "Microwave-assisted protocol for squalene isolation and conversion from oil-deodoriser distillates." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (2019): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2019-0056.

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Abstract Aiming to design a green and efficient protocol for squalane production from low-cost biomasses, a practical and scalable procedure for squalene extraction and hydrogenation to squalane is presented herein. The oil-deodoriser distillates that are produced by the vegetal-oil production chain are a renewable and cheap source of squalene. We were able to isolate an enriched fraction containing 89.0% of pure squalene (yield 55.4%) from a matrix containing about 2% squalene. Efficient microwave- assisted esterification under heterogeneous catalysis enabled the separation of fatty-acid meth

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2

Berekaa, Mahmoud M., and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Microbial Degradation of the Multiply Branched Alkane 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosane (Squalane) byMycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium ratisbonense." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 10 (2000): 4462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.10.4462-4467.2000.

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ABSTRACT Among several bacterial species belonging to the generalGordonia, Mycobacterium,Micromonospora, Pseudomonas, andRhodococcus, only two mycobacterial isolates,Mycobacterium fortuitum strain NF4 and the new isolateMycobacterium ratisbonense strain SD4, which was isolated from a sewage treatment plant, were capable of utilizing the multiply branched hydrocarbon squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane) and its analogous unsaturated hydrocarbon squalene as the sole carbon source for growth. Detailed degradation studies and high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed a clear

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3

McDonald, Roy E., T. Gregory McCollum, and Harold E. Nordby. "Temperature Conditioning and Surface Treatments of Grapefruit Affect Expression of Chilling Injury and Gas Diffusion." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 4 (1993): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.4.490.

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`Marsh' Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were temperature conditioned (7 days at 15C), wiped with hexane, treated with squalene, squalane, or safflower oil (all 10% in hexane), or waxed with a commercial fruit wax (Flavorseal) to determine their effects on weight loss, chilling injury (Cl) symptoms on the peel, and gas exchange. Following 3 weeks of storage at SC, wiping fruit with hexane resulted in a significant decrease in weight loss, but not CI. Temperature conditioning and Flavorseal independently inhibited weight loss and Cl development. Squalene inhibited CI development, but not weig

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4

McDonald, Roy E., T. Gregory McCollum, and Harold E. Nordby. "SURFACE TREATMENTS AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING AFFECT GAS DIFFUSION OF GRAPEFRUIT." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 598f—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.598f.

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The effects of temperature conditioning (7 days at 21C), application of safflower oil, squalane or squalene (all 10% in hexane spray), and a commercial wax (Flavorseal) on gas diffusion of `Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) were studied. Gas diffusion was determined by either ethane influx or ethylene efflux. Less ethane diffused into fruit that were temperature conditioned compared with nonconditioned, and into squalene-treated compared with nonsqualene-treated fruit. As a percent of non-treated controls, ethane influx was 83, 60, 25, and 14 for the surface treatments Flavorseal, saff

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5

Nordby, Harold E., and Roy E. McDonald. "SQUALENE APPLIED TO GRAPEFRUIT PREVENTS CHILLING INJURY." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1094f—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1094f.

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In previous studies squalene was shown to be synthesized in grapefruit under temperature-conditioning parameters optimal for preventing chilling injury (CI). In this study, squalene and its saturated derivative squalane were applied to the fruit as sprays or dips under various protocols. Fruit were stored for various times under conditions conducive to CI. The best results were obtained when fruit were sprayed with squalene dissolved in hexane. After 4 weeks at 5C, 5% squalene reduced CI 69% and 10% squalene reduced CI 80% whereas, temperature conditioning reduced CI by a comparable amount (67

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6

Boerio, F. J., Y. M. Tsai, and D. K. Kim. "Adhesion of Natural Rubber to Steel Substrates: The Use of Plasma Polymerized Primers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 1 (1999): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538789.

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Abstract Plasma-polymerized acetylene films are excellent primers for bonding natural rubber (NR) to steel substrates. The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanisms responsible for adhesion at the NR/primer interface. Interactions between natural rubber and plasma-polymerized acetylene films were simulated using model systems containing squalene (C30H50) or squalane (C30H62), carbon black, sulfur, stearic acid, N, N-dicyclohexyl-benzothiazole-sulfenamide (DCBS), cobalt naphthenate, and diaryl-p-phenylene-diamine. Analysis of plasma-polymerized acetylene films before and after re

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7

Ciriminna, Rosaria, Valerica Pandarus, François Béland, and Mario Pagliaro. "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Squalene to Squalane." Organic Process Research & Development 18, no. 9 (2014): 1110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op5002337.

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8

Allison, Anthony C. "Squalene and Squalane Emulsions as Adjuvants." Methods 19, no. 1 (1999): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.1999.0832.

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9

Nurfauzi, Yuhansyah, Wahyu Kurniawan, and Tusrianto Tusrianto. "The Enhancement Quality of Squalene as a Marine Chemopreventive Agent and Vitamin A Level In The Shark Liver Oil at The Territorial Ocean of Cilacap." Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention 2, no. 2 (2011): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev2iss2pp261-266.

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Recently, shark liver oil is developed as mainstay product for the Cilacap fishermen proceed to be traditional supplemental foods and health product that contains squalene and Vitamin A. Squalen is one of marine natural products has demonstrated proliferative activity in animal cancer studies and may have some radioprotective effects. This observation is aimed to enhance and improve squalene acquirement quality organolepthically. This observation uses experimental observation design. Shark liver in the bottle will be proceed by the tool that specially designed to produce shark liver oil. Its r

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10

Kowert, Bruce A., Michael B. Watson, and Nhan C. Dang. "Diffusion of Squalene inn-Alkanes and Squalane." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 118, no. 8 (2014): 2157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp411471r.

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11

Widyawati, T., S. Syarifah, and I. B. Sumantri. "Squalene decreased fasting blood glucose level of type ii diabetic rats." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, no. 1 (2021): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012088.

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Abstract Squaleneis a chemical compound that has been reported to have antidiabetic activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of squalene on fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes type II in rats was obtained by giving nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) before high dose streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. A total of 18 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups and served once daily for 12 days as follows; Group I Aquades (Diabetic Control) 10 ml/kg, Group II (Metformin 45 mg/kg) and Group III (Squalene 160 mg/kg). FBGL was measured at day 0, day 6

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12

Pandarus, Valerica, Rosaria Ciriminna, François Béland, Mario Pagliaro, and Serge Kaliaguine. "Solvent-Free Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Squalene to Squalane." ACS Omega 2, no. 7 (2017): 3989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00625.

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13

Ciriminna, Rosaria, Valerica Pandarus, Francois Beland, and Mario Pagliaro. "ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Squalene to Squalane." ChemInform 45, no. 50 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201450257.

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14

Sayed-Ahmad, Bouchra, Martine Urrutigoïty, Akram Hijazi, et al. "Amaranth Oilseed Composition and Cosmetic Applications." Separations 9, no. 7 (2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9070181.

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Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is a possible alternative to high-nutritional-value crops. Amaranth seeds are considered to be one of the few sources of phytosqualene (up to 8%). The use of squalene and its hydrogenated form squalane in skincare formulations has been steadily increasing, and the demand for these compounds is expected to rise continuously. The aim of this study was to investigate the amaranth oilseed as a potential ingredient for cosmetic applications. First, an experimental design and optimization were carried out in order to obtain amaranth oil rich in squalane instead of squa

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15

Permadi, Adi, and Mutiara Wilson. "Review : Exploration of Squalene from Natural Materials as its Potential in Health and Food Fields." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 2 (2024): 79–89. https://doi.org/10.26555/ijce.v2i2.1423.

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Squalene, a natural isoprenoid, plays a critical role in sterol biosynthesis and exhibits various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. Found in sources such as shark liver oil, amaranth, olive oil, and microbial species, its demand has surged across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, traditional extraction methods, predominantly from shark liver, raise sustainability concerns. This study explores alternative sources and production strategies, focusing on plant-based and microbial synthesis of squalene. Amaranth seeds and oliv

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16

Brunner, Gerd, Carla Saure, and Dieter Buss. "Phase Equilibrium of Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Squalene, and Squalane†." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 54, no. 5 (2009): 1598–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je800926z.

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17

&NA;. "Squalene." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1203 (2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812030-00114.

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&NA;. "Squalene." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1280 (2009): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912800-00139.

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19

Huang, Leeyuan, Russell B. Lingham, Guy H. Harris, et al. "New fungal metabolites as potential antihypercholesterolemics and anticancer agents." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-337.

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Several potent inhibitors of squalence synthetase have been discovered. Zaragozic acid A is produced by several fungi; zaragozic acid B is produced by several strains of Sporormiella intermedia; zaragozic acids C, E, and F are produced by Leptodontidium elatius; zaragozic acids D and D2 are produced by Amauroascus niger. L-731,120 and L-731,128 are minor components and coproduced with zaragozic acids A and B, respectively. Viridiofungins A, B, and C are produced by Trichoderma viride. Viridiofungin A is also produced by an unidentified sterile fungus. Several of the zaragozic acids are also po

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20

Bidooki, Seyed Hesamoddin, Javier Quero, Javier Sánchez-Marco, et al. "Squalene in Nanoparticles Improves Antiproliferative Effect on Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Through Apoptosis by Disturbances in Redox Balance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23 (2024): 13048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313048.

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Squalene, a triterpene found in extra virgin olive oil, has therapeutic properties in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer. However, its hydrophobic nature and susceptibility to oxidation limit its bioavailability outside of olive oil. To expand its applications, alternative delivery methods are necessary. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of squalene encapsulated in PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid) nanoparticles (PLGA + Sq) on the proliferation of human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells, as well as its underlying mechanism of action. The findings demo

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21

Domnas, Aristotle, Shankha S. Biswas, and Patricia A. Gallagher. "Squalene metabolism in two species of Lagenidium." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 7 (1994): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-085.

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Squalene metabolism of the sterol auxotroph Lagenidium giganteum was studied and compared with that of the positive control Lagenidium callinectes. Application of experimentally derived precautions ensured both the stability and the purity of squalene during incubations. Under these conditions mycelia of L. giganteum converted squalene to squalene oxide and to a sterol-like compound. Cell-free and microsomal preparations also converted squalene to the oxide, which was identified by thin layer chromatography with five different solvent systems, by co-chromatography with authentic oxide, and by

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22

Dubovoy, Alexander, Galina Samuseva, and Vladimir Bochkarev. "The effectiveness of oil adjuvant with squalene for inactivated vaccines against poultry viral infections." Poultry and Chicken Products 26, no. 1 (2024): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/2073-4999-2024-26-1-44-46.

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Antigenic activity has been studied for two experimental samples of inactivated emulcified vaccines against Newcastle disease and the egg production reducing syndrome-76 that have been made at the base of oil adjuvant with squalene in comparison with corresponding standard vaccines. The experimental samples with squalen in composition have been proved to induce higher immune response in comparison with reference-vaccines.

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23

Yuan, Ziqin. "Squalene-Conjugated Drugs Exploit Endogenous Low-Density Lipoproteins for Enhanced Targeting for Cancer Therapy." Theoretical and Natural Science 68, no. 1 (2025): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.19719.

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Cancer is a major global health threat and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Nucleotide analog chemodrugs are commonly used in the treatment of various solid tumors, but their clinical efficacy is often limited by rapid blood metabolization, poor intracellular diffusion and significant side effects due to non-selectivity targeting. To address these challenges, this study investigates the potential of conjugating squalenea natural triterpene and cholesterol biosynthesis precursorto two model chemodrugs to enhance the drug's incorporation into endogenous low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) for

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24

Pandarus, Valerica, Rosaria Ciriminna, Serge Kaliaguine, François Béland, and Mario Pagliaro. "Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Squalene to Squalane under Mild Conditions." ChemCatChem 7, no. 14 (2014): 2071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402668.

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25

Fatima, Muhammad Ismail, Ahmad Iqra, and Javed Eqaza. "Metadata analysis of the squalene epoxidase gene in dermatophytes." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research 9, no. 1 (2021): 129–42. https://doi.org/10.29052/IJEHSR.v9.i1.2021.129-142.

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Abstract <strong>Background:</strong> Squalene epoxidase gene is an azole antifungal target enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in fungi—the inhibition of enzyme aggregate squalene, a type of ergosterol derivative depletion that leads to fungal growth inhibition. Squalene epoxidase widely diverges in three fungal groups of dermatophytes Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The study has demonstrated a variety of squalene epoxidase genes in the dermatophyte genome. Squalene epoxidase gene was also studied for possible single nucle

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26

Niewiadomski, Piotr, Piotr Gomułka, Małgorzata Woźniak, et al. "Squalene Supplementation as a Novel to Increase PUFA Content in Fish Tissues." Animals 13, no. 16 (2023): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162600.

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Squalene is an antioxidant that plays an essential role in fat metabolism. The study aimed to assess the effect of squalene supplied in feed on the growth performance, health status, and fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver of Siberian sturgeon, rainbow trout, and Eurasian perch. The experimental feeds containing 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% squalene were prepared for each fish species. Hematological and biochemical indices, liver histology, and fatty acid profiling of muscle and liver were analyzed. Squalene supplementation was safe for fish, and no negative influence on growth status was observed.

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Gu, Xu, Anmin Yu, Ping Li, et al. "Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Squalene Biosynthesis in Developing Seeds of Oil-Tea (Camellia oleifera)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 12 (2025): 5465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125465.

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Oil-tea (Camellia oleifera), a typical oilseed tree, produces high-quality edible vegetable oils that contain rich unsaturated fatty acids and diverse lipid-soluble active compounds such as squalene. Although squalene biosynthesis and its molecular regulation have been studied in several plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying squalene biosynthesis in oil-tea seeds remain uncertain. We investigated and determined squalene accumulation with seed development. We conducted comparative transcriptomic analyses using the RNA-seq technique at the early, fast biosynthesis, and late stages of squal

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Abuobeid, Roubi, Javier Sánchez-Marco, María J. Felices, et al. "Squalene through Its Post-Squalene Metabolites Is a Modulator of Hepatic Transcriptome in Rabbits." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (2022): 4172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084172.

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Squalene is a natural bioactive triterpene and an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterols. To assess the effect of this compound on the hepatic transcriptome, RNA-sequencing was carried out in two groups of male New Zealand rabbits fed either a diet enriched with 1% sunflower oil or the same diet with 0.5% squalene for 4 weeks. Hepatic lipids, lipid droplet area, squalene, and sterols were also monitored. The Squalene administration downregulated 9 transcripts and upregulated 13 transcripts. The gene ontology of transcripts fitted into the following main categories: transporter o

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Widyawati, Tri, Rony Abdi Syahputra, Siti Syarifah, and Imam Bagus Sumantri. "Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay." Molecules 28, no. 9 (2023): 3783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093783.

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Squalene has been tested widely in pharmacological activity including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity of squalene in silico and in vivo models. In the in silico model, the PASS server was used to evaluate squalene antidiabetic properties. Meanwhile, the in vivo model was conducted on a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with the rats separated into three groups. These include squalene (160 mg/kgbw), metformin (45 mg/kgbw), and diabetic control (DC) (aquades 10 mL/kgbw) administered once daily for 14 days. Fas

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Zhang, Peng, Naicheng Liu, Mingyang Xue, et al. "Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Squalene in Copper Sulfate-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (2023): 8518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108518.

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Long-term or excessive oxidative stress can cause serious damage to fish. Squalene can be added to feed as an antioxidant to improve the body constitution of fish. In this study, the antioxidant activity was detected by 2,2-diphenyl-1-acrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and fluorescent probe (dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate). Transgenic Tg (lyz: DsRed2) zebrafish were used to evaluate the effect of squalene on CuSO4-induced inflammatory response. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of immune-related genes. The DPPH assay demons

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31

Belter, Agnieszka, Miroslawa Skupinska, Malgorzata Giel-Pietraszuk, Tomasz Grabarkiewicz, Leszek Rychlewski, and Jan Barciszewski. "Squalene monooxygenase – a target for hypercholesterolemic therapy." Biological Chemistry 392, no. 12 (2011): 1053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2011.195.

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Abstract Squalene monooxygenase catalyzes the epoxidation of C-C double bond of squalene to yield 2,3-oxidosqualene, the key step of sterol biosynthesis pathways in eukaryotes. Sterols are essential compounds of these organisms and squalene epoxidation is an important regulatory point in their synthesis. Squalene monooxygenase downregulation in vertebrates and fungi decreases synthesis of cholesterol and ergosterol, respectively, which makes squalene monooxygenase a potent and attractive target of hypercholesterolemia and antifungal therapies. Currently some fungal squalene monooxygenase inhib

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32

Musbah, Muhamad, Sugeng Heri Suseno, and Uju Uju. "Combination of Sardine and Shark Oil High Content of Omega-3 and Squalene." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 20, no. 1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v20i1.16398.

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Sardine oil contain high concentration of EPA but low of DHA while shark is reverse. Shark oil high contain of DHA and squalene but low EPA. This research aim to fortify the quality of fish oil withomega-3 and squalen and improve the quality of fish oil. The combination of fish oil (sardine:shark) 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 2: 1, 3: 1 and 4:1 showed significant results on peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation value, however free fatty acids analysis did not show the influence to the content value. The best oxidation parameters value werefound (sardine: shark) (1:4) with peroxide was 5.44±0.06

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Biller, Scott A., Kent Neuenschwander, Mitree M. Ponpipomt, and C. Dale Poulter. "Squalene Synthase Inhibitors." Current Pharmaceutical Design 2, no. 1 (1996): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612802666220920214333.

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Abstract: Squalene synthase catalyzes the reductive dimerization of famesyl diphosphate (C-15) to form squalene, the C-30 polyisoprene precursor to cholesterol. In recent years, the search for inhibitors of squalene synthase for use as antihypercholesterolemic agents has intensified. The focus on this enzymatic transformation is due to the unique location of squalene synthase at the first step committed to sterols in the isoprene pathway. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme are expected to block cholesterol biosynthesis, without having deleterious effects on the branch pathways of isoprene bio

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Huang, Chen, Xiaojin Song, Jingyi Li, Qiu Cui, Pengfei Gu, and Yingang Feng. "Optimization of Squalene Production by Pseudozyma sp. P4-22." Molecules 30, no. 7 (2025): 1646. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071646.

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Squalene is an important bioactive substance widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Microbial production of squalene has gained prominence in recent years due to its sustainability, safety, and environmental friendliness. In this study, a mutant strain, Pseudozyma sp. P4-22, with enhanced squalene-producing ability, was obtained through atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis of the previously screened squalene-producing yeast Pseudozyma sp. SD301. The P4-22 strain demonstrated the ability to produce squalene using various carbon and nitrogen sources. We

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35

Dubrovskaya, Irina, Evgeniy Gerasimenko, Margarita Slobodyanik, and Sergey Sonin. "Adapting of a Method for Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Squalene in Distillation Cuts of Sunflower Oil." BIO Web of Conferences 32 (2021): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213203007.

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Squalene is a naturally-occurring dihydro-triterpene hydrocarbon (C30H50) with six double bonds, which is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phytosterol or cholesterol in plants or animals. The sources of squalene and the main methods forsqualene production and determination are consideredin brief. Sunflower oil distillation cuts have been selected as the subject of the study, since they area promising secondary raw material for the industrial squalene production. The methods of sample preparation and quantification of squalene in sunflower oil distillation cuts applying gas chromatography

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36

Lippi, Giuseppe, Giovanni Targher, and Massimo Franchini. "Vaccination, squalene and anti-squalene antibodies: Facts or fiction?" European Journal of Internal Medicine 21, no. 2 (2010): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2009.12.001.

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Hoshino, Tsutomu, Howard J. Williams, Kozo Shishido, and A. Ian Scott. "Synthesis of 10,15-[13C2]-squalene and -DL-squalene oxide." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 28, no. 11 (1990): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580281108.

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38

Ruckenstuhl, C., A. Eidenberger, S. Lang, and F. Turnowsky. "Single amino acid exchanges in FAD-binding domains of squalene epoxidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lead to either loss of functionality or terbinafine sensitivity." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331197.

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Squalene epoxidase (Erg1p) is an essential enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in yeast. For its enzymatic activity, Erg1p requires molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H and FAD. Amino acid analysis and sequence alignment with other squalene epoxidases revealed two highly conserved FAD-binding domains, FAD I and FAD II. By random PCR mutagenesis of the ERG1 gene, one erg1 allele was isolated that carries a mutation leading to a single amino acid exchange in the FAD I domain close to the N-terminus of Erg1p. This erg1 allele codes for functional squalene epoxidase and renders yeast cells hypersen

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Lu, Xuyang, Shuqin Ma, Youchao Chen, Degyi Yangzom, and Hongmao Jiang. "Squalene Found in Alpine Grassland Soils under a Harsh Environment in the Tibetan Plateau, China." Biomolecules 8, no. 4 (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8040154.

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Squalene is found in a large number of plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as other sources, playing an important role as an intermediate in sterol biosynthesis. It is used widely in the food, cosmetics, and medicine industries because of its antioxidant, antistatic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. A higher natural squalene component of lipids is usually reported as being isolated to organisms living in harsh environments. In the Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by high altitude, strong solar radiation, drought, low temperatures, and thin air, the squalene component was ident

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Barp, Laura, Ana Miklavčič Višnjevec, and Sabrina Moret. "Analytical Determination of Squalene in Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Olive Processing By-Products, and Its Valorization as an Ingredient in Functional Food—A Critical Review." Molecules 29, no. 21 (2024): 5201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215201.

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Squalene is a bioactive compound with significant health benefits, predominantly found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and its processing by-products. This critical review explores the analytical determination of squalene in EVOO and various by-products from olive oil production, highlighting its potential as a valuable ingredient in functional foods. An overview of existing analytical methods is provided, focusing on different approaches to sample preparation before analytical determination, evaluating their effectiveness in quantifying squalene concentrations. Studies not primarily centered

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Mirmiranpour, Hossein, Mohammad Reza Ashoori, Afsaneh Seyed Mikaeili, et al. "The effect of squalene on proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 5, no. 6 (2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i6.945.

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Background: Squalene, in recent years, has become a topic of interest to scientists due to its potential health benefits and anti-inflammatory effects. Squalene is a hydrocarbon belonging to the triterpene class; it is a 30-carbon isoprenoid compound. In previous studies, amaranth oil, containing high amounts of squalene, was shown to function as an effective treatment option for reducing proteinuria, one of the key markers for renal disease. Objectives: Our main goal was to understand the effect of squalene as a biotic agent for reducing proteinuria. In order to identify squalene as the decre

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Mendes, Adélia, João Azevedo-Silva, and João C. Fernandes. "From Sharks to Yeasts: Squalene in the Development of Vaccine Adjuvants." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 3 (2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030265.

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Squalene is a natural linear triterpene that can be found in high amounts in certain fish liver oils, especially from deep-sea sharks, and to a lesser extent in a wide variety of vegeTable oils. It is currently used for numerous vaccine and drug delivery emulsions due to its stability-enhancing properties and biocompatibility. Squalene-based vaccine adjuvants, such as MF59 (Novartis), AS03 (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), or AF03 (Sanofi) are included in seasonal vaccines against influenza viruses and are presently being considered for inclusion in several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and future

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Martirosyan, Danik, Mohammad Reza Ashoori, Anna Serani, Kevin Zhang, and Hossein Mirmiranpour. "Assessment of squalene effect on antioxidant enzymes and free radicals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 5, no. 11 (2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v5i11.1005.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disease can have serious consequences. Due to their chemical properties,bioactive compounds can play a role in diabetes management. Squalene is a natural oil and bioactive compound. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of squalene have been discussed in recent studies. Squalene plays a role in controlling diabetes by maintaining the oxidant/antioxidant balance.Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of different doses of squalene, on different days, on the levels of some oxidative indices and the act

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Mirmiranpour, Hossein, Mohammad Reza Ashoori, Afsaneh Seyed Mikaeili, Benjamin Chen, and Danik Martirosyan. "Investigating the changes of the components of the Krebs cycle in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with squalene." Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 6, no. 2 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v6i2.1059.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that impairs the body’s ability to regulate glucose. Recent studies have shown that squalene, a bioactive compound, has shown promising potential in increasing ATP levels for diabetic patients and aged individuals.Objective: Our main goal was to evaluate the cellular effects of different doses of squalene on the intermediates and enzymes of Krebs cycle, in order to determine if squalene increases ATP production among groups of people with type 2 diabetes. The intermediates and enzymes that are being studied are acetyl coenzyme (A-CoA),

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Purkiewicz, Aleksandra, Sylwester Czaplicki, and Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko. "The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (2022): 12928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912928.

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(1) Background: The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the squalene content in infants’ food. (2) Methods: The experimental material included human milk collected from 100 women from Poland and three different infant formulas. The breast milk fat was extracted according to the Rose–Gottlieb method (AOAC), while the squalene content was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (3) Results: The highest amount of squalene was identified in the milk of women aged 18–25 (p < 0.05), and its content in milk decreased with the age of lactating women. More

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Bidooki, Seyed Hesamoddin, Teresa Alejo, Javier Sánchez-Marco, et al. "Squalene Loaded Nanoparticles Effectively Protect Hepatic AML12 Cell Lines against Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a TXNDC5-Dependent Way." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030581.

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Virgin olive oil, the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, contains a substantial amount of squalene which possesses natural antioxidant properties. Due to its highly hydrophobic nature, its bioavailability is reduced. In order to increase its delivery and potentiate its actions, squalene has been loaded into PLGA nanoparticles (NPs). The characterization of the resulting nanoparticles was assessed by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and high-performance liquid chromatography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell viability assays were carried

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Yoshioka, Hiromasa, Hudson W. Coates, Ngee Kiat Chua, Yuichi Hashimoto, Andrew J. Brown, and Kenji Ohgane. "A key mammalian cholesterol synthesis enzyme, squalene monooxygenase, is allosterically stabilized by its substrate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 13 (2020): 7150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915923117.

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Cholesterol biosynthesis is a high-cost process and, therefore, tightly regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational negative feedback mechanisms in response to the level of cellular cholesterol. Squalene monooxygenase (SM, also known as squalene epoxidase or SQLE) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes epoxidation of squalene. The stability of SM is negatively regulated by cholesterol via its N-terminal regulatory domain (SM-N100). In this study, using a SM-luciferase fusion reporter cell line, we performed a chemical genetics screen that id

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Xu, Honghao, Wenxue Dai, Meiling Xia, et al. "Expression of PnSS Promotes Squalene and Oleanolic Acid (OA) Accumulation in Aralia elata via Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) Induction." Genes 14, no. 6 (2023): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14061132.

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Aralia elata is an important herb due to the abundance of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins whose important precursors are squalene and OA. Here, we found that MeJA treatment promoted both precursors accumulation, especially the latter, in transgenic A. elata, overexpressing a squalene synthase gene from Panax notoginseng(PnSS). In this study, Rhizobium-mediated transformation was used to express the PnSS gene. Gene expression analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to identify the effect of MeJA on squalene and OA accumulation. The PnSS gene was isolated and expre

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Manzoor, Robina, Maqbool Ahmed, Naveeda Riaz, et al. "Self-Redirection of Metabolic Flux toward Squalene and Ethanol Pathways by Engineered Yeast." Metabolites 10, no. 2 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10020056.

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We have previously reported that squalene overproducing yeast self-downregulate the expression of the ethanol pathway (non-essential pathway) to divert the metabolic flux to the squalene pathway. In this study, the effect of co-production of squalene and ethanol on other non-essential pathways (fusel alcohol pathway, FA) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated. However, before that, 13 constitutive promoters, like IRA1p, PET9p, RHO1p, CMD1p, ATP16p, USA3p, RER2p, COQ1p, RIM1p, GRS1p, MAK5p, and BRN1p, were engineered using transcription factor bindings sites from strong promoters HHF2p (−300

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Hess, B. Andes, and Lidia Smentek. "The Concerted Nature of the Enzymatic Cyclization of Rings A-D of Squalene to Hopene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 6-7 (2008): 786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080786.

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A conformational analysis of squalene encapsulated in squalene-hopene cyclase has been performed based on Schulz's X-ray structure and our DFT calculations. Based on this analysis it is concluded that the formation of rings A-D in the cyclization of squalene are likely to be a concerted but highly asynchronous reaction.

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