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Journal articles on the topic 'Square-pyramidal geometry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Dolai, Malay, Abhishake Mondal, Jun-Liang Liu, and Mahammad Ali. "Three novel mononuclear Mn(iii)-based magnetic materials with square pyramidal versus octahedral geometries." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 19 (2017): 10890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02919e.

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Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that complexes 1 and 2 have square pyramidal geometry and 3 has octahedral geometry, which showed a dependence of negative anisotropy (D) values on the electronic, geometry and packing effects.

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2

Asok, Nayanthara, Joshua R. Gaffen, Ekadashi Pradhan, Tao Zeng, and Thomas Baumgartner. "Structure-reactivity studies on hypervalent square-pyramidal dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]phospholes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 6 (2021): 2243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00062d.

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3

Magrì, Antonio, Giovanni Tabbì, Raffaella Breglia, et al. "Copper ion interaction with the RNase catalytic site fragment of the angiogenin protein: an experimental and theoretical investigation." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 26 (2017): 8524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt01209h.

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4

Chen, Lei, Jingbo Song, Wen Zhao, et al. "A mononuclear five-coordinate Co(ii) single molecule magnet with a spin crossover between the S = 1/2 and 3/2 states." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 46 (2018): 16596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03783c.

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5

Liu, Shou-Heng, Sheng-Wei Yang, and Shih-Che Chen. "Iron nanoparticles with a square pyramidal structure in mesoporous carbons as an effective catalyst toward oxygen reduction." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 111366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22549g.

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6

Sulekh, Chandra, Bansal Usha, Gupta Sunita, and Dutta Sharma Sunil. "Synthesis and EPR spectral studies on oxovanadium(IV) complexes of some oximes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Feb 2002 (2002): 129–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5840902.

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Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College, JLN Marg, New Delhi-1 10 002, India <em>E-mail: </em>amit1984@mantraonline.com <em>Manuscript received 21 August 2000, revised 16 April 2001, accepted 16 June 2001</em> Oxovanadium(IV) complexes with some oximes, viz. 2-hydroxyacetophenone (hapo), 2-hydroxypropiophenone (hppo), 2-hydroxybutyro- phenone (hbpo) and o-vanilin (ov) have been synthesized. Spectral evidence support a five-coordinate square-pyramidal geometry around vanadium. EPR spectra of the complexes have been recorded. The bonding coefficients have been calculated and discussed.

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7

Chakraborty, Avijit, Saswata Rabi, Snehashis Roy, et al. "Alkali Metal Complexes of an Octamethyl Isomeric Macrocycle: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 7 (2023): 1697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27923.

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Fourteen membered octamethyl tetraazamacrocyclic ligand salt, Me8[14]diene·2HClO4 and three isomeric ligands (LA, LB and LC) of its saturated analog have been synthesized as per literature. Interaction between the isomeric ligand LB and KX (X = SCN, NO3, Cl, Br and I) afforded white-coloured five coordinated square pyramidal potassium complexes [KLBX]. Moreover, the reaction between RbCl and LB produced five coordinated [RbLBCl] having square pyramidal geometry. Then, the axial substitution reaction on [RbLBCl] furnished a substituted rubidium complex with the same geometry of the mother complex. All the alkali metal complexes have been characterized by using modern analytical techniques. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal activities of ligand LB and its alkali metal (K and Rb) complexes have been investigated against different bacteria and fungi.

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8

Ellis, Carol A., Seik Weng Ng, Edward R. T. Tiekink та James L. Wardell. "μ-1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-κ2 N:N′-bis[bis(O,O′-dicyclohexyl dithiophosphato-κ2 S,S′)cadmium(II)]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, № 3 (2007): m806—m807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807007155.

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The dinuclear title molecule, [Cd2(C12H22O2PS2)4(C6H12N2)], is disordered and located on a centre of inversion, and features a coordination geometry intermediate between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal.

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9

Kumar, Manish, Gyanendra Kumar, and Dhanraj T. Masram. "Copper(ii) complexes containing enoxacin and heterocyclic ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and their biological perspectives." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 20 (2020): 8595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj01192d.

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Two copper-based complexes with a distorted square pyramidal geometry show excellent binding and cleavage affinity towards DNA and proteins. Also, these complexes have potential cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells.

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10

He, Hong-Shan, and Seik Weng Ng. "Dichloro[tris(3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)methane]copper(II) acetonitrile hemisolvate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 3 (2007): m685—m686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807005508.

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In the title complex, [CuCl2(C31H28N6)]·0.5C2H3N, the Cu2+ atom is coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry by three N atoms from the pyrazolyl groups of the tripodal ligand, and by two chloride anions.

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11

Artem'ev, Alexander V., Maria P. Davydova, Alexey S. Berezin, et al. "Luminescence of the Mn2+ ion in non-Oh and Td coordination environments: the missing case of square pyramid." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 43 (2019): 16448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03283e.

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The luminescence of Mn<sup>2+</sup> ion in a square-pyramidal (C<sub>4v</sub>) ligand field was discovered. The molecular complexes with such coordination geometry exhibit red emission with enhanced Stokes shift and millisecond lifetimes.

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12

Hickey, Anne K., Sean A. Lutz, Chun-Hsing Chen, and Jeremy M. Smith. "Two-state reactivity in C–H activation by a four-coordinate iron(0) complex." Chemical Communications 53, no. 7 (2017): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc09244f.

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13

Zhang, Yu-Liang. "Dibromo[N,N-dimethyl-N′-(2-pyridylmethylidene)propane-1,3-diamine]zinc(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 4 (2006): m902—m903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806009986.

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In the title mononuclear zinc(II) compound, [ZnBr2(C11H17N3)], the ZnII ion is five-coordinated by three N atoms of a Schiff base ligand and by two Br− anions, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with a Br atom in the apical site.

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14

Crans, Debbie C., Michael L. Tarlton, and Craig C. McLauchlan. "Trigonal Bipyramidal or Square Pyramidal Coordination Geometry? Investigating the Most Potent Geometry for Vanadium Phosphatase Inhibitors." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2014, no. 27 (2014): 4450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201402306.

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15

Kim, Young-Inn, You-Soon Lee, Hoe-Joo Seo, Jin-Young Lee, and Sung Kwon Kang. "[Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine]dichloridozinc(II) chloroform solvate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (2007): m2810—m2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807051422.

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The Zn atom in the title complex, [ZnCl2(C12H13N3)]·CHCl3, adopts a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, being coordinated by three N atoms of the tridentate dipicolylamine ligand and two Cl atoms. Intermolecular N—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.

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16

Chen, Li-Zhuang. "Diisonicotinium pentachloridoantimonate(III) monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (2009): m683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809019072.

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In the title compound, (C6H6NO2)2[SbCl5]·H2O, the SbIIIatom exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...Cl, N—H...O, O—H...Cl and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming an extended three-dimensional network.

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17

Bussey, Katherine A., Annie R. Cavalier, Margaret E. Mraz та ін. "Crystal structure of [bis(2-aminoethyl-κN)(2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]amino}ethyl)amine-κN]dichloridocopper(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, № 1 (2016): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015024147.

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The CuIIatom in the title compound, [CuCl2(C14H21F3N4)], adopts a coordination geometry that is between distorted square-based pyramidal and very Jahn–Teller-elongated octahedral. It is coordinated by three N atoms from the bis(2-aminoethyl)(2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]amino}ethyl)amine and two chloride ligands. The two crystallographically unique copper complexes present in the asymmetric unit exhibit noticeable differences in the coordination bond lengths. Considering the CuIIatoms as having square-pyramidal geometry, the basal Cu—Cl bond lengths are typical [2.2701 (12) and 2.2777 (12) Å], while the apical distances are considerably elongated [2.8505 (12) and 2.9415 (12) Å]. For each molecule, a CuIIatom from inversion-related molecules are in nearby proximity to the remaining axial CuIIsites, but the Cu...Cl distances are very long [3.4056 (12) and 3.1645 (12) Å], attributable to van der Waals contacts. Nonetheless, these contacts appear to have some structure-directing properties, leading to association into dimers. These dimers associateviastacking of the aromatic rings to form extended zigzag chains.

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18

Ismayilova, S. Z., R. H. Ismayilov, D. B. Tagiyev та ін. "COPPER(II) COMPLEX OF THE PYRAZINE-MODULATED OLIGO-αAMINOPYRIDINE AS A COORDINATION POLYMERS' PROMISING BUILDING BLOCK". Chemical Problems 23, № 4 (2025): 476–82. https://doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2025-4-476-482.

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Through the pyrazine-modulated tetrapyridyltriamine ligand N2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-N6-(6-(pyrazin-2ylamino)pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine (H3pzpz) (1), a new mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(H3pzpz)(NO3)]·NO3·3H2O (2) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The copper(II) atom in complex 2 exhibits a distorted square pyramidal geometry with an Addison parameter value of 0.39 (σ = 0.39). In compound (2), H3pzpz (1) acts as a tetradentate N4-donor ligand and coordinates to the Cu(1) ion in an anti-anti-anti-anti conformation. The single crystal X-ray analysis revealed a distorted square pyramidal geometry of the complex (2), which is consistent with the parameters of EPR spectra, measured magnetic moment susceptibility, and electronic spectrum studies. Observed extensive intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions (classical and non-classical) play an important role in the formation of the 3D supramolecular network and crystal packing of this complex. The complex (2) has been identified as a promising building block for the construction of coordination polymers.

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19

Zhao, Hong-Jian, Ming-Xing Li, Min Shao та Hong-Jiang Liu. "Aqua(L-aspartato-κ2 N,O)(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N)copper(II) pentahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, № 5 (2006): m965—m967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806011585.

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In the title compound, [Cu(C4H5NO4)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]·5H2O, the CuII atom is coordinated by an N,O-bidentate L-aspartate dianion, a bipyridine ligand and a water molecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the non-coordinated water molecules help to consolidate the crystal packing.

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20

Yu, Jian, та Ling Zhang. "Aquabis(but-2-enoato-κO)(di-2-pyridylamine-κ2 N,N′)nickel(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, № 11 (2007): m2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807049100.

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In the title complex, [Ni(C4H5O2)2(C10H9N3)(H2O)], the Ni atom adopts a square-pyramidal NiO3N2 geometry, with the water molecule at the apical position and N2O2 donors in the basal plane. A network of O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds helps to establish the packing.

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21

Savina, Iulia V., Anton A. Ivanov, Darya V. Evtushok, et al. "Unusual Square Pyramidal Chalcogenide Mo5 Cluster with Bridging Pyrazolate-Ligands." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043440.

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The family of chalcogenide molybdenum clusters is well presented in the literature by a series of compounds of nuclearity ranging from binuclear to multinuclear articulating octahedral fragments. Clusters actively studied in the last decades were shown to be promising as components of superconducting, magnetic, and catalytic systems. Here, we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of new and unusual representatives of chalcogenide clusters: square pyramidal complexes [{Mo5(μ3-Se)i4(μ4-Se)i(μ-pz)i4}(pzH)t5]1+/2+ (pzH = pyrazole, i = inner, t = terminal). Individually obtained oxidized (2+) and reduced (1+) forms have very close geometry (proven by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis) and are able to reversibly transform into each other, which was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. Comprehensive characterization of the complexes, both in solid and in solution, confirms the different charge state of molybdenum in clusters (XPS), magnetic properties (EPR), and so on. DFT calculations complement the diverse study of new complexes, expanding the chemistry of molybdenum chalcogenide clusters.

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22

Satyanarayana, Srikantaiah, and Kuderu R. Nagasundara. "Characterisation of a Mixed N-heterocycle, 2-(N-methylimidazole-2′-yl-thiomethyl)benzimidazole, and its complexes with nickel(II) and copper(II)." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 7 (2007): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x227499.

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2-(N-methylimidazole-2′-yl-thiomethyl)benzimidazole (L) has been synthesised and the complexes [ML2 (ClO4)2]·2H2O (M = Ni or Cu) and [MLX2] nH2O (M = Cu, X = Cl or Br, n = 0; M = Ni, X = Cl, n = 3; M = Ni, X = Br, n = 0) prepared and characterised. Proposed geometries for the complexes are: octahedral geometry for perchlorate complexes; tetrahedral geometry for chloro-and bromo-complexes; dimeric square pyramidal for the chloro-complex of copper(II).

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23

Huang, Juan-Lan, and Yun-Long Feng. "(Benzoylacetonato)chloro[3-(dimethylamino)propylamine]copper(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 4 (2006): m843—m845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806009949.

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In the molecular structure of the title complex, [Cu(C10H9O2)Cl(C5H14N2)], the CuII atom is in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, coordinated by two O atoms of a benzoylacetonate ligand and two N atoms of a 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine ligand in the basal plane, while a Cl atom occupies the apical position.

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24

Zhao, Ning. "Bis[μ-2-({2-[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-1-oxidoethylidene]hydrazinylidene}methyl)phenolato]bis[pyridinecopper(II)] methanol disolvate". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, № 4 (2013): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113005118.

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In the title compound, [Cu2(C15H11ClN2O3)2(C5H5N)2]·2CH3OH, the coordination geometry of the metal centre can be described as square pyramidal. Pairs of pentacoordinated metal centres are bridged by symmetry-related phenolate O atoms about the inversion centre at (1 \over 2, 0, 1 \over 2), resulting in a binuclear metal clusterviaedge-sharing.

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25

Vincent, Collin J., Ian D. Giles, and Jeffrey R. Deschamps. "Two CuIIcomplexes of 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 3 (2018): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018002359.

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The crystal structure of complexes of 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole with CuCl2·2H2O and Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O are presented, namely di-μ-chlorido-bis[chloridobis(3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)copper(II)], [Cu2Cl4(C6H10N2)4] (1) and aquatetrakis(3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN2)copper(II) dinitrate, [Cu(C6H10N2)4(H2O)](NO3)2(2), and compared to the previously determined structures for 3-methyl-1H-pyrazole and 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole. CuCl2forms a 2:1 ligand-to-metal chloride-bridged complex with 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole, with a square-pyramidal coordination geometry about each copper(II) center. Similarly to the previously obtained 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole complex with CuCl2, the pyrazole ligands arecisto each other, with two chloride ions bridging the two copper(II) centers, and a terminal chloride ion occupying the axial position. Cu(NO3)2forms a 4:1 ligand-to-metal complex with 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole that is also arranged in a square-pyramidal geometry about CuII. The newly obtained copper(II) complex has the same coordination geometry as the 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole complex, including an axial water molecule, two nitrate ions hydrogen-bonded to the water molecule, and four pyrazole ligands in the equatorial plane, suggesting that similar steric forces are at play in the formation of these complexes.

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26

Mandlik, P. R., P. R. Deshmukh, and P. K. Deshmukh. "Novel Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), VO(IV) And UO2(VI) Complexes With Bidentate Schiff-Base Ligand: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis And Biological Studies." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 42 (2023): 145–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10548839.

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Abstract: Metal complexes of Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), VO(IV) and UO2(VI) complexes with Schiff base derived from N-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide with isonicotinic acid hydrazide have been synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, nfrared spectra, electronic absorption and ESR spectroscopy. Analytical data suggested 1:2 (metal: ligand) ratio for all the complexes. The FTIR spectra showed that the ligand behaves as a monobasic bidentate ligand with the oxygen-nitrogen donor atoms, oriented towards the central metal ion. Molar conductance values of all the synthesized metal complexes in DMSO indicated their nonelectrolytic nature. The analytical and spectroscopic data suggest a square pyramidal geometry for Mn(III) and VO(IV) complexes and an octahedral geometry for Cr(III), Fe(III) and UO2(VI) complexes. The observed ESR parameters are in good agreement with the values generally observed for the vanadyl complex with square pyramidal geometry. The thermodynamic analysis of metal complexes shows that the hydrated complexes loses water molecules of hydration in the first step; followed by decomposition of ligand moiety in the further steps. The antibacterial activity results show that the metal complexes are efficient antibacterial agents as compared to the Schiff base.

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27

Ouellette, Wayne, and Jon Zubieta. "Aqua[2,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-ol]sulfatocopper(II) dihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 3 (2007): m908—m909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807008914.

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The CuII ion of the title complex, [Cu(SO4)(C15H11N3O)(H2O)]·2H2O, exhibits a square-pyramidal coordination geometry, defined by the three N-atom donors of a 2,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-4-ol ligand and an O atom of a sulfate group in the basal plane, and by an aqua ligand in the apical position.

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28

Hummel, Hans-Ulrich, and Hermann Meske. "Über Verbindungen subvalenter Hauptgruppenmetallkationen mit Dithiolaten, 3. Mitteilung [1]. Die Kristallstruktur von [As(C6H5)4]2[Pb(S2C=C(CN)2)2]/Compounds of Subvalent Main Group Metal Cations with Dithiolates, Part 3 [1] Crystal Structure of [As(C6H5)4]2[Pb(S2C=C(CN)2)2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 3 (1989): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0309.

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The crystal structure of [AsPh4]2[Pb(S2C=C(CN)2)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. In the pyramidal complex anion [Pb(S2C=C(CN)2)2]2- Pb is coordinated to the sulfur atoms of the dithiolates. The geometry is indicative for a stereochemically active lone-pair at the apex of the square pyramid.

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29

Zhu, Run-Qiang. "Bis(μ-nitrito-κ2O:O)bis[bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κN3)(nitrito-κO)copper(II)]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 4 (2012): m398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812009804.

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In the binuclear title compound, [Cu2(NO2)4(C4H6N2)4], centrosymmetrically related complex molecules are linkedviaweak Cu—O interactions, forming dimeric units. The CuIIatom displays an elongated square-pyramidal CuN2O3coordination geometry with a slight tetrahedral distortion of the basal plane [maximum deviation = 0.249 (2) Å]. The dihedral angle formed by the imidazole rings is 26.20 (10)°.

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30

Wang, Hai-Dong, Yi-Li Zhou, Hong-Yin He, Xiao-Hua Tu та Long-Guan Zhu. "μ-Oxalato-bis[(N,N′-dimethylformamide)(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)] bis(perchlorate)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, № 5 (2006): m1081—m1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806013547.

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The title centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cu2(C2O4)(C12H8N2)2(C3H7NO)2](ClO4)2, was synthesized by the reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O. In the asymmetric unit, the CuII atom is in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The closest Cu...O distance involving the perchlorate anion is 2.745 (2) Å.

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31

Rekha, Rani, Ranjan Rajeeva, C. Bhattacharjee N., Sharma S., and Suraiya Afshan. "Spectroscopic characterization of some copper(II) complexes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Mar 2013 (2013): 331–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5769591.

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University Department of Chemistry, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya-824 234, Bihar, India G.B.M. College, Gaya-823 001, Bihar, India <em>Manuscript received 29 November 2011, revised 02 May 2012, accepted 14 May 2012</em> 1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthol (PANH) has three potential donor sites and thus it acts as a very good chelating agent. This ligand has been used for complexation with Cu<sup>II</sup> ions to synthesize the complexes of general formula Cu(PAN)<sub>2</sub> Ln, where L = secondary ligands like pyridine, picoline, H<sub>2</sub>O and n = 0, 1 and 2. These complexes have been characterized by their elemenetal analysis, conductivity measurement, magnetic moment at room temperature, infrared spectra and electronic spectra. The ligand PANH is found to have coordinated through deprotonated phenolic oxygen and azonitrogen forming a six membered chelate with two conjugate \(\pi\)-bonds in chelate ring. The magnetic moment values reveal the mononuclear nature of complexes while their electronic spectra reveal the geometry of the complexes. Cu(PAN)<sub>2</sub> complex is found square planar while Cu(PAN)<sub>2</sub>L and Cu(PAN)<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2 </sub>are found square pyramidal and tetragonally distorted octachedral respectively.

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32

Singh, Pushpendra, Harkesh B. Singh, and Ray J. Butcher. "{N 1-[2-(Butylselanyl)benzyl]-N 2,N 2-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine}dichloridomercury(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 8 (2018): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018010423.

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In the title compound, [HgCl2(C16H28N2Se)], the primary geometry around the Se and Hg atoms is distorted trigonal–pyramidal and distorted square-pyramidal, respectively. The distortion of the molecular geometry in the complex is caused by the steric demands of the ligands attached to the Se atom. The Hg atom is coordinated through two chloride anions, an N atom and an Se atom, making up an unusual HgNSeCl2 coordination sphere with an additional long Hg...N interaction. Intermolecular C—H...Cl interactions are the only identified intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions that seem to be responsible for the self assembly. These relatively weak C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds possess the required linearity and donor–acceptor distances. They act as molecular associative forces that result in a supramolecular assembly along the b-axis direction in the solid state of the title compound.

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33

Zhou, Jing-Jing, Wei Xiao, Jia-Wei Mao та Hong Zhou. "Chlorido{μ-2,6-bis[(2-aminoethyl)iminomethyl]-4-chlorophenolato}-μ-oxido-dicopper(II) trihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 6 (2012): m794—m795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681202301x.

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In the title dinuclear complex, [Cu2(C14H20ClN4O)ClO]·3H2O, one CuII cation assumes a distorted square-planar coordination geometry and the other a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Both CuII cations are N,N′,O-chelated by one arm of the 2,6-bis[(2-aminoethyl)iminomethyl]-4-chlorophenolate anion, and one oxide anion bridges the two CuII cations, forming a dinuclear complex. One of the CuII cations is further coordinated by an Cl− anion in the apical direction. In the crystal, lattice water molecules are linked with the complex molecule via O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds while O—H...O hydrogen bonding occurs between lattice water molecules , forming three-dimensional network structure.

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34

Osowole, A. A. "Syntheses and Characterization of Some Tetradentate Schiff-Base Complexes and Their Heteroleptic Analogues." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2008): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/654054.

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VO(IV), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of the asymmetric Schiff base [(HOC6H3(OCH3)C(C6H5):N(CH2CH2)N:C(CH3)CH:C(C6H5)OH)], and their heteroleptic analogues with triphenyl phosphine and 2,2’-bipyridine have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, magnetic, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The ligand is tetradentate coordinatingviathe imine N and enolic O atoms. The Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes adopt a four coordinate square planar geometry, the VO(IV) complex is five coordinate square-pyramidal and the heteroleptic complexes are 6-coordinate, octahedral. The assignment of geometry is collaborated by magnetic moments and electronic spectra measurements. The compounds are non-electrolyte in nitromethane and are magnetically dilute.

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35

Thandiayyakone, V., A. Murugan, C. R. Ravikumar, T. Rajkumar, and H. S. Yadav. "Electrochemical Studies on Manganese (III) Complex with meso-5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis (o-nitrophenyl) porphyrin by Cyclic Voltammetry and UV-Visible Spectrophotometry." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 6 (2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2606rjce08014.

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Meso-5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(o-nitrophenyl)porphyrin, [T (o-NO2)PP] and manganese (III) meso-5,10,15,20- Tetrakis(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrin, Mn[T(o- NO2)PP] have been prepared. The Mn[T(o-NO2)PP] complex is characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometric and cyclic voltametric (CV) studies. The preparation of Mn(III) porphyrin complex may be attributed due to a significant metal-porphyrin π interaction. In Mn(III) porphyrin, Mn is in a high spin d4 configuration with octahedral geometry. Mn(III) porphyrin geometry has been altered to square pyramidal Mn(II) porphyrin after addition of ethylamine. In square pyramidal Mn(II) porphyrin, Mn atom is in a high-spin d5 configuration with the occupied d(x 2 - y 2 ) orbital whose orbital energy is low. This shows that Mn(III) will be out of the plane of porphyrin. Successive addition of diethylamine, Mn(III) porphyrin geometry has been changed to tetragonal complex due to a weak π back bonding. It appears that π -bonding is lowered when the tetragonal complexes are formed. This might arise due to the expansion of the in-plane metal to porphyrin in a direction to occupy two axial ligands of ethylamine. The geometry changes indicate that the two ethyl amines groups occupy 5th and 6th places as axial coordination site due to the availability of two ethylamine from ethyl, diethyl and triethyl amines. Cyclic voltammogram confirmed the oxidation state and reduction behavior of Mn porphyrin complex.

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36

Zhao, Hong-Yan, Jing-Min Shi та Lian-Dong Liu. "Bis(acetato-κO)aquabis[3-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)pyridine-κN]copper(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, № 3 (2007): m824—m825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807007416.

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The title compound, [Cu(CH3CO2)2(C9H7N3O)2(H2O)], is a mononuclear complex in which the CuII atom assumes a square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The Cu atom and the aqua O atom lie on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In the crystal structure, there are hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions between neighboring molecules, which stabilize the crystal packing.

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37

Zhang, Qi-Wei, Yi-Hang Wen та Yun-Long Feng. "catena-Poly[[aquachlorodimethylformamidecopper(II)]-μ-chloro]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, № 5 (2006): m962—m964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680601138x.

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In the title complex, [CuCl2(C3H7NO)(H2O)] n , each CuII atom is in a Cl3O2 five-coordinate environment with a slightly distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Cu atoms are linked by μ2-Cl ions, resulting in a one-dimensional linear chain structure. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link adjacent chains to form a two-dimensional network.

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38

Wang, Min, та Zhao-Xun Lian. "catena-Poly[[[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-N′-(2-oxidobenzylidene-κO)acetohydrazidato-κ2N′,O]copper(II)]-μ-morpholine-κ2N:O]". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, № 6 (2013): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113011967.

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In the title compound, {[Cu(C15H11ClN2O3)(C4H9NO)]n, the CuIIcation has square-pyramidal geometry. The morpholine ligand serves as a bridge to link two symmetry-related metal atoms, resulting in an infinite chain structure along theaaxis. Adjacent chains are extended into a two-dimensional layered structureviahydrogen bonds formed between morpholine and amide N atoms [N—H...N = 2.971 (3) Å].

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39

Zuo, Jian, Caifeng Bi, Yuhua Fan, Nan Zhang та Pengfei Zhang. "(2,2′-Bipyridine-κ2 N,N′){N-[(2-oxidonaphthalen-1-yl-κO)methylidene]-L-valinato-κO}copper(II) trihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, № 6 (2012): m792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812022702.

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In the title complex, [Cu(C16H15NO3)(C10H8N2)]·3H2O, the CuII atom is five coordinated by O,N,O′-donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two N atoms of the 2,2′-bipyridine ligand in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (011) by O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

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40

Fujisawa, Kiyoshi, Tetsuya Ono, and Moemi Okamura. "Synthesis and Characterization of Catecholato Copper(II) Complexes with Sterically Hindered Neutral and Anionic N3 Type Ligands: Tris(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)methane and Hydrotris(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate." Inorganics 8, no. 5 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics8050037.

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Three catecholato copper(II) complexes, [Cu(catCl4)(L1′)], [Cu(catBr4)(L1′)], and [Cu(catCl4)(L1H)], supported by sterically hindered neutral and anionic N3 type ligands: tris(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)methane (referred to as L1′) and hydrotris(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate (referred to as L1−), are synthesized and characterized in detail. Their X-ray structures reveal that both [Cu(catCl4)(L1′)] and [Cu(catBr4)(L1′)] complexes have a five-coordinate square-pyramidal geometry and [Cu(catCl4)(L1H)] complex has a four-coordinate square-planar geometry. The L1H is unusual protonated ligand that controls its overall charge. For the three catecholato copper(II) complexes, the oxidation state of copper is divalent, and catechol exists in catecholate as two minus anion. This difference in coordination geometry affects their d-d and CT transitions energy and ESR parameters.

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41

Melník, Milan, та Peter Mikuš. "Tetradentate organophosphines in Pt(η⁴–A₄L) (A = P₄, P₃Si, P₂X₂ (X₂ = N₂, S₂, C₂), PX₃ (X₃ = N₃, N₂O)): Structural aspects". Main Group Metal Chemistry 44, № 1 (2021): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgmc-2021-0031.

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Abstract We report herein structural characterization of monomeric platinum complexes of the composition: Pt(η4–P4L), Pt(η4–P3SiL), Pt(η4–P2N2L), Pt(η4–P2S2L), Pt(η4–P2C2L), Pt(η4–PN3L), and Pt(η4–PN2OL). The tetradentate ligands with 10-, 11-, 12-, 14-, and 16-membered macrocycles create a variety of chelate bond angles. A distorted square-planar geometry about Pt(II) atoms with cis–configuration by far prevail. There is an example Pt(η4–P3SiL) in which the respective donor atoms build up a trigonal-pyramidal geometry about Pt(II) atom.

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42

Geiser, U., R. M. Gaura, R. D. Willett, and D. X. West. "Structure and magnetism in ACuCl3 salts containing bibridged chains with square-pyramidal coordination geometry." Inorganic Chemistry 25, no. 23 (1986): 4203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00243a029.

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43

Gaur, Abhijeet, B. D. Shrivastava, K. Srivastava, and J. Prasad. "XAFS study of aqua (diethylenetriamine)(isonicotinato)-copper(II) complex - inference of square-pyramidal geometry." X-Ray Spectrometry 43, no. 4 (2014): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2545.

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44

Bussey, Katherine A., Annie R. Cavalier, Jennifer R. Connell та ін. "Crystal structure of orthorhombic {bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl](3,5,5,5-tetrachloropentyl)amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}chloridocopper(II) perchlorate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, № 7 (2015): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015011792.

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In the title compound, [CuCl(C17H19Cl4N3)]ClO4, the CuIIion adopts a distorted square-planar geometry defined by one chloride ligand and the three nitrogen atoms from the bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl](3,5,5,5-tetrachloropentyl)amine ligand. The perchlorate counter-ion is disordered over three sets of sites with refined occupancies 0.0634 (17), 0.221 (16) and 0.145 (7). In addition, the hetero-scorpionate arm of the bis[(pyridin-2-yl)methyl](3,5,5,5-tetrachloropentyl)amine ligand is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies 0.839 (2) and 0.161 (2). In the crystal, weak Cu...Cl interactions between symmetry-related molecules create a dimerization with a chloride occupying the apical position of the square-pyramidal geometry typical of many copper(II) chloride hetero-scorpionate complexes.

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45

Zhang, Gui-Ling, Yan-Tuan Li та Zhi-Yong Wu. "μ-Oxalato-bis[(2,2′-bipyridine)(N,N-dimethylformamide)copper(II)] bis(perchlorate)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, № 5 (2006): m1175—m1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806015030.

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In the title compound, [Cu2(C2O4)(C10H8N2)2(C3H7NO)2](ClO4)2, the oxalate-bridged binuclear copper(II) complex cation is centrosymmetric. The CuII atom has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with two O and two N atoms from oxalate and bipyridine ligands in the basal plane, and with a dimethylformamide O atom in the apical position. The Cu...Cu distance is 5.1492 (18) Å.

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46

Guan, Guizhi, Yuxiang Gao, Lixia Wang та Tao Wang. "cyclo-Tetrakis[μ-N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinato(2−)]tetranickel(II) N,N-dimethylformamide tetrasolvate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, № 11 (2007): m2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807048325.

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The title compound, [Ni4(C15H12N2O4)4].4C3H7NO, is isostructural with its CoII and ZnII analogues. The compound contains N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine anions and NiII cations linked into a tetrameric complex about a position of \overline{4} point symmetry. Each NiII cation is pentacoordinate with a distorted square-based pyramidal geometry. The ligand exhibits an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond.

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47

Jin, Shouwen, та Daqi Wang. "Bis[μ-bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane]bis[aqua(oxalato)copper(II)] dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, № 11 (2007): m2755—m2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807050465.

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The title compound, [Cu2(C2O4)2(C7H8N4)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, features a centrosymmetric dinuclear complex. The CuII ion adopts a square-pyramidal geometry. It is coordinated by two N atoms from two bis(N-imidazolyl)methane molecules as bridging ligands, two O atoms from one oxalate anion in chelating mode and one water molecule. There are several O—H...O hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure.

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48

Cui, Li-Jing, Hai-Jun Xu, and Ke-Ji Pan. "2-(3-Pyridinio)benzimidazolium pentachloridoantimonate(III) monohydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (2009): m674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809018935.

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In the title compound, (C12H11N3)[SbCl5]·H2O, the SbIIIcentre is surrounded by five Cl atoms and displays a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The dihedral angle formed by the plane of the imidazole ring system with the pyridine ring is 4.380 (15)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H...Cl, O—H...Cl and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

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49

El-Boraey, Hanaa A., and Ohyla A. EL-Gammal. "Novel (N4) Macrocyclic Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectral Studies and Anticancer Activity." Open Chemistry Journal 5, no. 1 (2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874842201805010051.

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Introduction:A new series of mononuclear Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes correspond to tetradentate macrocyclic nitrogen ligandi.e.naphthyl-3,4:10,11-dibenzo,7-methylene,8-methyl,6-phenyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane-5,8-diene-2,12-dione metal(II) complexes, have been synthesized by the template condensation reaction.Methods:The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, UV–Vis, and ESR, molar conductivity, and magnetic as well as thermal analysis measurements.Results:On the basis of above studies, an octahedral geometry has been proposed for all complexes except Cu(II) nitrate complex that adopt square pyramidal geometry, and square planar geometry for Pd(II) chloride complex, respectively.Conclusion:The thermal behavior and the kinetic parameters of degradation were determined using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. Moreover, thein vitroantitumor activity of the some synthesized complexes against human breast and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and (HePG2), respectively has been studied.

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50

Aiswarya, N., M. Sithambaresan, M. R. Prathapachandra Kurup та Seik Weng Ng. "Dichlorido{2-[(E)-phenyl(pyridin-2-yl-κN)methylidene]-N-phenylhydrazinecarboxamide-κ2N2,O}copper(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, № 11 (2013): m588—m589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813026883.

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The title compound, [CuCl2(C19H16N4O)], contains a CuIIatomN,N′,O-chelated by a neutralN-phenylhydrazinecarboxamide ligand and additionally coordinated by two Cl atoms, resulting in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The ligating atoms in the basal square plane of the complex comprise the azomethine N, the pyridine N, the amide O and one of the Cl atoms, whereas the other Cl atom occupies an apical position. The apical Cl atoms in adjacent layers function as hydrogen-bond acceptors to both NH groups. Intermolecular C—H...Cl and C—H...O interactions are also observed.

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