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Journal articles on the topic 'Squashes in art'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mašková, Zuzana, Dana Tančinová, and Miriam Ballová. "Alternaria SPP. in food commodities of Slovak origin: occurrence and mycotoxin production abilities." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1102.

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Various food commodities of Slovak origin were analysed for the occurrence of Alternaria species-groups. Totally we analysed 14 samples of grapes, 3 samples of barley, 2 samples of wheat, 17 samples of fruit, vegetable and fruit-vegetable juices, 6 samples of red kuri squash with macroscopically visible infection. Mycological analyses were performed by using plate dilution method, method of direct placing of berries or grains on the plates with dichloran, rose bengal and chloramphenicol agar or by direct inoculation by mycological needle to the identification medium (potato-carrot agar). In all grape, barley, wheat and squash samples the presence of representatives of this genus was detected (100% isolation frequency). In juices, 41% of the samples were positive for their occurrence. The highest relative density of Alternaria isolates was found in grape samples (87%). All detected strains were segregated into four morphological species-groups: A. alternata, A. arborescens, A. infectoria and A. tenuissima. The most dominant species-group in grapes was A. arborescens, in barley and wheat A. tenuissima, followed by A. alternata, in juices only A. alternata and A. arborescens species-groups were detected and isolates of squashes were not classified to the species-groups. Randomly selected 67 isolates were analysed for the ability to produce mycotoxins alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethylether (AME) and altenuene (ALT) by means of thin-layer chromatography. Of all tested isolates, AOH production was most frequently reported (70% of tested isolates). AME was produced by 60% and ALT by 49% of tested isolates. The largest share of the productive strains originated from the squashes, where all tested isolates produced ALT and AOH, followed by isolates of juices. From the viewpoint of individual species-groups, A. arborescens isolates and Alternaria spp. appeared to be the most productive in all mycotoxins tested.

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2

Edelson, J. V., M. Peters, J. Duthie, and W. Roberts. "Control of Squash Bug on Summer Squash, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.140.

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3

Edelson, J. V., and M. Peters. "Control of Squash Bug on Summer Squash, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.166.

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4

Boucher, J., R. Adams, G. Nixon, and J. Clark. "Evaluation of Insecticides for Squash Vine Borer Control on Summer Squash, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.131a.

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5

Boucher, J., and G. Nixon. "Evaluation of Alternative Insecticides for Squash Vine Borer Control on Summer Squash, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.175.

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6

Boucher, J., R. Adams, and G. Nixon. "Squash Vine Borer Control, 1992." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.143a.

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7

Boucher, J., R. Adams, and G. Nixon. "Pumpkins: SQUASH VINE BORER CONTROL, 1992:." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.142.

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8

Boucher, J., and G. Nixon. "Evaluation of Mechanical Control and Alternative Insecticides for Managing Squash Vine Borer on Summer Squash, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.167.

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Abstract ‘Multipik’ summer squash were direct seeded 28 Jun, in Storrs, Connecticut. Weed control consisted of the stale-seedbed technique, using paraquat as a preplant application, supplemented by hand and mechanical cultivation. Plots consisted of 12 plants in a single 24-ft long row, with 2-ft spacing between plants and 4 ft between rows. Four treatments were replicated four times in a RCBD. Two treatments involved application of Neemix or Ambush at weekly intervals on 12, 19, and 26 Jul and 2 Aug. The third treatment involved washing the entire plant stem above the soil surface with an ordinary face-cloth and a 0.5% solution of dish detergent (Sunlight, Lever Brother’s Co., NY, NY) on the above dates. The fourth was the unsprayed check. Insecticide applications were directed at the foliage and stems by spraying plots from the top and sides with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 50 psi with 40 gallons of water per acre. Fruit from five plants per plot were harvested, counted and weighed on 9, 12, 16 and 19 Aug. Five plants from each plot were dissected on 19 Aug and SVB larvae were counted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (larval infestations) or GLM (yields) and Fisher’s LSD.

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9

Edelson, J. V., and M. Peters. "Control of Squash Bug on Watermelon, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.192.

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Abstract Watermelon, ‘Sangria’, was direct seeded in May ‘96 at the Lane AREC, Lane. OK. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 15 treatments. Plots were one bed wide, 9 ft, by 50 ft long with 10 ft alleys between plots Foliar insecticide treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer that broadcast a 72 inch spray swath over the plots using 4 nozzles (TXVS261 delivering 41 gal/acre at 42 psi. Furadan and Admire were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer at planting. Plots were treated on 15 and 22 Aug. Squash bug populations were surveyed on 26 Aug by counting total number of bugs (adults and nymphs) in 0.5 sq yd area in each plot.

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10

Seal, D. R. "Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly in Squash, 1992." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.144.

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11

Seal, D. R., and R. M. Baranowski. "Control of Silverleaf Whitefly in Squash, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.132.

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12

Seal, D. R. "Control of Melon Thrips in Squash, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.133.

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13

Seal, D. R. "Control of Silverleaf Whitefly in Squash, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.176.

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Abstract Squash (‘Dixie’) was planted in Homestead on 25 March 1995. Plant spacing was 1 ft in the row and 3 ft between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb./acre with granular fertilizer (8:16:16) on two dates, at planting and 2 wk after planting. Plots were two rows, 25 ft. long. Five treatments were arranged in RCB with four replications. Drench applications of Admire were made by pouring 6 oz. of insecticide solution at the base of each plant 10 days after planting when all plants germinated. Foliar applications were made on three dates (6, 12 and 20 April) using a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 40 psi. Spray volume was 50–70 gpa. Insecticides wert evaluated by collecting samples consisting of five matured leaves (one/plant) from the center of each treatment plot on each of three sampling dates 7 13 and 21 April. Numbers of whitefly adults were recorded on each sampling leaf by gently turning the leaves in the field. The leaves were then incised and transported to the laboratory to record numbers of eggs and nymphs on randomly selected three 1 sq. cm. areas of each leaf. Incidence of squash silverleaf was studied on each sampling date by counting the total numbers of plants with silverleaf symptom in each treatment plot.

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14

Cranshaw, Whitney, Frank Schweissing, and Mike Bartalo. "Squash Bug Control by Basal Stem Treatments, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.138.

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15

Seal, Dakshina R., and Elzie McCord. "Control of Melon Thrips on Squash, Spring 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.140a.

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16

Seal, Dakshina R., and Elzie McCord. "Control of Melon Thrips and Melon Worms on Zucchini Squash, Spring 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.141.

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Abstract Zucchini squash was seeded in Rock-dale soil on 10 Mar, 1996. A RCB design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 6 treatments comprising a plot size of 3 rows, 25 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated after the appearance of either species and continued at approximately 7-day intervals beginning 4 Apr. Foliar insecticides were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles per row at 40 PSI delivering 100 gpa. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours after each treatment. Melon thrips were evaluated by collecting 5 mature squash leaves per plot. Leaves were transported to the laboratory where they were washed in 70% alcohol and thrips counted under a microscope. All thrips were sexed and the number of males, females, and larvae counted separately. Melon worms were counted on 5 randomly selected plants per plot on the same dates.

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17

Webb, Susan E. "Control of Pickleworm on Squash with Selective Insecticides, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.142.

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Abstract Insecticides specific for lepidopterous pest-were compared with a standard, Thiodan, and an untreated check for control of pickleworm. Squash was direct seeded on 1 Apr at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Leesburg, FL. Each plot consisted of four 25-ft rows, 6 ft apart with plants spaced 2.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated four times in an RCB design. All chemicals were applied with a 2-row tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 18 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow-cone nozzles spaced 8 inches apart, delivering 133 gpa at 200 psi. Latron CS-7, a surfactant, was tank-mixed with Confirm and RH-2485 at a concentration of 0.12% vol:vol. Treatments were applied weekly from 14 May to 11 Jun. Fruits were harvested, separated into marketable and damaged, counted, and weighed three times per week from 12 May to 16 Jun. An analysis of variance and a mean separation test (WD) were used to determine significant differences among treatments.

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18

Seal, Dakshina. "Effectiveness of Sivanto in Controlling Silverleaf Whitefly in Squash, Spring 2013." Arthropod Management Tests 41, no. 1 (2016): tsv103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsv103.

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19

Stansly, Philip A., and Barry C. Kostyk. "Control of “Rind Worms” on Squash with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 2013." Arthropod Management Tests 40, no. 1 (December 2015): E57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsv113.

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20

Boucher, J., R. Adams, G. Nixon, and J. Clark. "Evaluation of Insecticides for Squash Vine Borer Control on Pumpkins, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.129a.

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21

Cranshaw, W. S., and F. C. Schweissing. "Squash Bug Control By Basal Stem Treatments, Rocky Ford, Co 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.174.

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22

Seaman, Abby J., Holly W. Lange, and Anthony M. Shelton. "Squash Bug and Striped Cucumber Beetle Control with Insecticides Allowed for Organic Production, 2014." Arthropod Management Tests 40, no. 1 (December 2015): E49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsv105.

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23

Speese, John. "Use of Furadan 4F for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control in Yellow Squash, Spring, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.144a.

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24

Speese, John. "Use of Soil and Foliar Insecticides to Control Cucumber Beetles in Fall Squash, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.145.

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25

Namiki, Akio, and Shuichi Yokosawa. "Origami Folding by Multifingered Hands with Motion Primitives." Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2021 (May 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9851834.

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Origami, a traditional Japanese art, is an example of superior handwork produced by human hands. Achieving such extreme dexterity is one of the goals of robotic technology. In the work described in this paper, we developed a new general-purpose robot system with sufficient capabilities for performing Origami. We decomposed the complex folding motions into simple primitives and generated the overall motion as a combination of these primitives. Also, to measure the paper deformation in real-time, we built an estimator using a physical simulator and a depth camera. As a result, our experimental system achieved consecutive valley folds and a squash fold.

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26

Abramovitch, Tamara. "Cutting Edges: Professional Hierarchy vs. Creative Identity in Nicolas de Launay’s Fine Art Prints." Arts 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10030066.

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In 1783, Nicolas De Launay copied Les Baignets by Jean-Honoré Fragonard, stating it was made “by his very humble and very obedient servant”, an evidence of the hierarchical tensions between painters and printmakers during the eighteenth-century. However, De Launay’s loyalty is not absolute, since a critical artistic statement is found at the edge: an illusory oval frame heavily adorned with leaves and fruits of Squash, Hazelnuts, and Oak. This paper wishes to acknowledge this meticulously engraved frame, and many more added to copies throughout De Launay’s successful career, as highly relevant in examining his ‘obedience’ and ‘humbleness’. With regard to eighteenth-century writings on botany and authenticity, and to current studies on the print market, I offer a new perspective in which engravers are appreciated as active commercial artists establishing an individual signature style. In their conceptual and physical marginality these decorations allow creative freedom which challenges concepts of art appropriation and reproduction, highly relevant then and today.

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27

Monaghan, G. William, William A. Lovis, and Kathryn C. Egan-Bruhy. "Earliest Cucurbita from the Great Lakes, Northern USA." Quaternary Research 65, no. 02 (March 2006): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.12.002.

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AbstractDirectly dated Cucurbita from archaeological sites near Lake Huron expand the range and human usage of adventive, cultivated wild gourds or squash into the Great Lakes region, USA, by 4000 14C yr BP. The data also show that domesticated C. pepo squash was cultivated there by 3000 14C yr BP. Although milder Hypsithermal climate may have been a contributing factor, squash and gourds expanded northward during the mid-Holocene mainly by human agency and may be the first human-introduced adventive plant in temperate North America. Even after 3000 14C yr BP, when domesticated squash generally replaced wild varieties at northern sites, squash stands were probably informally managed rather than intensively cultivated.

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28

Kuhar, Thomas P., and Hélène Doughty. "Evaluation of Foliar and Soil Insecticides for the Control of Foliar Insects in Summer Squash in Virginia, 2015." Arthropod Management Tests 41, no. 1 (2016): tsw023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsw023.

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29

Stansly, Philip A., and Barry C. Kostyk. "Soil and Foliar Applications of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Zucchini Squash, 2015: Table 1." Arthropod Management Tests 41, no. 1 (2016): tsw062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsw062.

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30

Hart, John P., Hetty Jo Brumbach, and Robert Lusteck. "Extending the Phytolith Evidence for Early Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and Squash (Cucurbita sp.) in Central New York." American Antiquity 72, no. 3 (July 2007): 563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035861.

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The timing of the adoptions of maize and squash across eastern North America has been a topic of long-standing interest among archaeologists and paleoethnobotanists. The use of flotation for macrobotanical remains beginning in the 1960s and 1970s coupled with the application of accelerator mass spectrometry dating beginning in the 1980s has led to substantial revisions of knowledge about the history of these crops in the region. A complementary source of evidence for the crops' histories in the eastern North America comes from opal phytoliths. Analysis of phytolith assemblages recovered from charred food residues has shown that maize and squash were being used in central New York well before the macrobotanical record indicates. In combination with previously analyzed samples, 16 additional residue assemblages help to clarify the history of maize and squash in central New York. The results indicate that maize and squash were being used in New York by 2270 B.P. and 2945 B.P., respectively.

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31

Kil, Eui-Joon, Thuy Thi Bich Vo, Chairina Fadhila, Phuong Thi Ho, Aamir Lal, Elisa Troiano, Giuseppe Parrella, and Sukchan Lee. "Seed Transmission of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus from Zucchini Squash in Italy." Plants 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050563.

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Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus affecting tomato cultivation on the Indian subcontinent. Recently, however, a new strain of the virus, named ToLCNDV-ES, has spread to Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Italy, and Tunisia, and occurred in Cucurbita crops, causing economic damage. Although ToLCNDV is spread by the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), like other begomoviruses, it has not been clear how ToLCNDV suddenly spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Mediterranean region. In 2017, ToLCNDV was diagnosed in young seedlings germinated naturally from fruits fallen in the prior year on a farm located in Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy, suggesting a possible role of the seeds in vertical transmission of the virus. Because sweet potato whiteflies were widespread naturally in that region, it was necessary to verify that in an artificial insect vector-free condition. Seeds were harvested from two ToLCNDV-infected zucchini squash cultivars in Naples in 2017 and 2018 to examine whether ToLCNDV can be transmitted from zucchini squash seeds to young plants. Viral DNA was amplified from these seeds and 1- to 3-week-old seedlings germinated from them with a ToLCNDV-specific primer set. According to PCR results, viral contamination was confirmed from all harvested seeds and dissemination was proven from 61.36% of tested seedling samples. Mechanical transmission from seed-borne virus-infected seedlings to healthy zucchini squash plants was also succesful, demonstrating that seedlings from ToLCNDV-infected seeds did act as inoculum. This is the first report demonstrating that ToLCNDV is a seed-transmissible virus in zucchini squash plants in Italy.

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32

Brumann, Christopher, Markus Kukuk, and Claus Reinsberger. "Evaluation of Open-Source and Pre-Trained Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Suitable for Player Detection and Motion Analysis in Squash." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134550.

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In sport science, athlete tracking and motion analysis are essential for monitoring and optimizing training programs, with the goal of increasing success in competition and preventing injury. At present, contact-free, camera-based, multi-athlete detection and tracking have become a reality, mainly due to the advances in machine learning regarding computer vision and, specifically, advances in artificial convolutional neural networks (CNN), used for human pose estimation (HPE-CNN) in image sequences. Sport science in general, as well as coaches and athletes in particular, would greatly benefit from HPE-CNN-based tracking, but the sheer amount of HPE-CNNs available, as well as their complexity, pose a hurdle to the adoption of this new technology. It is unclear how many HPE-CNNs which are available at present are ready to use in out-of-the-box inference to squash, to what extent they allow motion analysis and if detections can easily be used to provide insight to coaches and athletes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic investigation of more than 250 HPE-CNNs. After applying our selection criteria of open-source, pre-trained, state-of-the-art and ready-to-use, five variants of three HPE-CNNs remained, and were evaluated in the context of motion analysis for the racket sport of squash. Specifically, we are interested in detecting player’s feet in videos from a single camera and investigated the detection accuracy of all HPE-CNNs. To that end, we created a ground-truth dataset from publicly available squash videos by developing our own annotation tool and manually labeling frames and events. We present heatmaps, which depict the court floor using a color scale and highlight areas according to the relative time for which a player occupied that location during matchplay. These are used to provide insight into detections. Finally, we created a decision flow chart to help sport scientists, coaches and athletes to decide which HPE-CNN is best for player detection and tracking in a given application scenario.

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33

Cliffe, Rebecca N., Judy A. Avey-Arroyo, Francisco J. Arroyo, Mark D. Holton, and Rory P. Wilson. "Mitigating the squash effect: sloths breathe easily upside down." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20140172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0172.

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Sloths are mammals renowned for spending a large proportion of time hanging inverted. In this position, the weight of the abdominal contents is expected to act on the lungs and increase the energetic costs of inspiration. Here, we show that three-fingered sloths Bradypus variegatus possess unique fibrinous adhesions that anchor the abdominal organs, particularly the liver and glandular stomach, to the lower ribs. The key locations of these adhesions, close to the diaphragm, prevent the weight of the abdominal contents from acting on the lungs when the sloth is inverted. Using ventilation rate and body orientation data collected from captive and wild sloths, we use an energetics-based model to estimate that these small adhesions could reduce the energy expenditure of a sloth at any time it is fully inverted by almost 13%. Given body angle preferences for individual sloths in our study over time, this equates to mean energy saving of 0.8–1.5% across individuals (with individual values ranging between 0.01 and 8.6%) per day. Given the sloth's reduced metabolic rate compared with other mammals and extremely low energy diet, these seemingly innocuous adhesions are likely to be important in the animal's energy budget and survival.

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34

Mensah, Patrick Kwabena, Benjamin Asubam Weyori, and Mighty Abra Ayidzoe. "Capsule network with K-Means routingfor plant disease recognition." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1025–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201226.

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Capsule Networks (CapsNets) excel on simple image recognition problems. However, they fail to perform on complex images with high similarity and background objects. This paper proposes Local Binary Pattern (LBP) k-means routing and evaluates its performance on three publicly available plant disease datasets containing images with high similarity and background objects. The proposed routing algorithm adopts the squared Euclidean distance, sigmoid function, and a ‘simple-squash’ in place of dot product, SoftMax normalizer, and the squashing function found respectively in the dynamic routing algorithm. Extensive experiments conducted on the three datasets showed that the proposed model achieves consistent improvement in test accuracy across the three datasets as well as allowing an increase in the number of routing iterations with no performance degradation. The proposed model outperformed a baseline CapsNet by 8.37% on the tomato dataset with an overall test accuracy of 98.80%, comparable to state-of-the-art models on the same datasets.

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35

Paris, Harry S. "Genes for Retention of Green Fruit Color through Maturity of Acorn Squash." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 602c—602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.602c.

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Most cultivars of acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo), such as `Table Queen', have fruit that are light green when young, become dark green by intermediate age, and remain dark green through maturity, carrying genotype D/D l-l/l-1 L-2/L-2. Many other forms of C. pepo that carry this genotype, the most familiar being the Halloween and pie pumpkins, turn orange at maturity. The genetic basis for green color retention of acorn squash was investigated by crossing `Table Queen' with `Vegetable Spaghetti', `Fordhook Zucchini', and accession 85k-9-107-2 (the parental, filial, backcross, and testcross generation progenies being grown out in the field and observed and scored for fruit color at maturity, between 40 and 44 days past anthesis). The results indicated that the three stocks crossed with `Table Queen' carry two recessive genes, designated mature orange-1 (mo-1) and mature orange-2 (mo-2), which act in concert to result in complete loss of green color before maturity in 1-1/1-1 plants. `Table Queen' is Mo-l/Mo-1 Mo-2∼o-2. Genes D and mo-2 are linked, ≈15 map units apart.

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36

David, Don B., Peter Shah, C. Whittaker, and G. R. Kirkby. "Ocular protection in squash clubs: Time for a change?" Eye 9, no. 5 (September 1995): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1995.142.

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37

Zubaidah, Siti. "TIPE SITOLOGI DUA SPESIES PTERIS DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KETINGGIAN TEMPA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.7.1.20013.

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A cytological study of the two species of Pteris (Pteris biaurita and Pteris tripartita) growing around Malang was carried out. A hypothesis stated that ploidy was enchanched by cold weather. Those study want to find out the correlation between the altitude (with different temperatures) and ploidy of the two species. Cytological type and ploidy examined by chromosome number counting, using standart squash method. The result of this research showed that Pteris biaurita and Pteris tripartite have two cytotypes, 2n= 58 (2x or diploid) and 2n= 116 (4x or tetraploid). There was no correlation between the ploidy level of Pteris biaurita and the altitude, but the ploidy level of Pteris tripartite apt to be raise in higher altitude.

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38

Hart, John P., and C. Margaret Scarry. "The Age of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Northeastern United States." American Antiquity 64, no. 4 (October 1999): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694210.

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AbstractA radiocarbon date of A.D. 1070 ± 60 was linked to the remains of maize (Zea mays), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and squash (Cucñrbita pepo) at the Roundtop site in the Susquehanna River valley of New York by William Ritchie in 1969 and 1973 publications. This date established the presence of beans in the Northeast at an earlier time than in most other areas of the eastern United States, where they are generally rare before A.D. 1300. Subsequently beans have been reported in pre-A.D.1300 contexts from at least eight other sites in the Northeast. Recent calibrated AMS dates on beans from Roundtop are no earlier than A.D. 1300 (Hart 1999a). Given that the original Roundtop date was responsible for the acceptance of early beans in the Northeast, the AMS dates suggested that beans may not become archaeologically visible there until ca. A.D. 1300. AMS dates on beans from four other sites, reported here, substantiate the Roundtop results. Beans and by extension maize-beans-squash intercropping are not evident in the Northeast before ca. A.D. 1300.

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Rufas, J. S., J. L. Santos, M. Diez, and J. A. Suja. "Meiotic chromosome structure: relationship between the synaptonemal complex and the chromatid cores." Genome 35, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 1054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-162.

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The development of silver-stained synaptonemal complexes (SCs) and of chromatid cores was analyzed in squashed and surface-spread grasshopper spermatocytes using light and electron microscopy, respectively. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of the two chromosome structures and then obtain more insight into the meiotic chromosome structure. Pachytene cells observed by light microscopy showed thin silver-stained threads, representing SCs, along the centre of the bivalents. However, fully formed SCs, and an axial element corresponding to the univalent sex chromosome, appeared when these cells were observed by electron microscopy. During early diplotene no silver-stained threads were observed by light microscopy. However, fragmentation of the SCs was apparent in cells at the same stage when observed by electron microscopy. Both light and electron microscopy showed that chromosome cores were first detected in homologues of late diplotene – early diakinesis cells. During diakinesis the cores were not continuous but were interrupted where interstitial chiasmata occur. In prometaphase I – metaphase I cells these cores appeared continuous and double, i.e., each chromatid clearly showed its own core. We propose a model whereby the associated cores of sister chromatids act as frameworks for the formation of the SC lateral elements.Key words: meiosis, chromosome structure, synaptonemal complex, chromatid core.

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Hart, John P., Robert G. Thompson, and Hetty Jo Brumbach. "Phytolith Evidence for Early Maize (Zea Mays) in the Northern Finger Lakes Region of New York." American Antiquity 68, no. 4 (October 2003): 619–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557065.

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The timing of crop introductions, particularly of maize (Zea mays), has been of long-standing interest to archaeologists working in various regions of eastern North America. The earliest confirmed macrobotanical evidence for maize in New York is A.D. 1000. We report on the results of accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) dating, phytolith analysis, and stable carbon isotope analysis of carbonized cooking residues adhering to the interior surface of pottery sherds from three sites in the northern Finger Lakes region of New York. Maize, squash (Cucurbita sp.), wild rice (Zizania aquatica), and sedge (Cyperus sp.) were identified in phytolith assemblages dating to as early as the first half of the calibrated seventh century A.D. The results demonstrate that low δ13C values on cooking residues cannot be used to preclude the possibility that maize was cooked in vessels. Two of the maize-bean-squash crop triad were present in New York at least 350 years earlier than previously documented, and the Northern Flint Corn Complex was present in New York by at least the first half of the seventh century A.D. This research highlights the potential of cooking residues to provide new insights on prehistoric plant-based subsistence.

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Simmons, Alan H. "New Evidence for the Early Use of Cultigens in the American Southwest." American Antiquity 51, no. 1 (January 1986): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280395.

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Recent excavations near Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico have yielded evidence for the use of cultigens by the early second millennium B.C. and continuing into the first millennium B.C. This information comes from four sites, all of which have been radiocarbon dated. The evidence for the oldest use of a cultigen, maize, is in the form of pollen; however, macrobotanical specimens of maize or squash were also recovered from sites dating to the Late Archaic. These data are summarized, as are their significance and implications.

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Weissman, Dan. "LANDFILL URBANISM: OPPORTUNISTIC ECOLOGIES, WASTED LANDSCAPES." Detritus, no. 11 (July 23, 2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13968.

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"As a child, my father would take my brother and I to the local junkyard. We’d watch, amazed, as the compressor squashed our waste into a dumpster, then scavenge through piles of scrap metal and climb gigantic wheeled Caterpillar earthmovers". For better or worse, this archetypal junkyard has given way to massively controlled spaces of waste disposal. Today, continuously increasing demand for material coupled with a culture of disposability, has coincided with heightened policy measures restricting landfill development. We have a crisis of waste management. Meanwhile, as landfilling has grown from a localized phenomenon into a regional set of distribution networks, neo-industrialization is emerging throughout the Great Lakes megaregion, suggesting new opportunities for re-territorialization of wasted landscapes. This project posits that extraction of existing landfill sites for material and energy is inevitable. Landfill Urbanism suggests that the act of landfill mining, a contentious and stinky proposition, has the capacity to foster a localized, robust industrial ecology, while also recasting the public’s relationship with our waste through tactical deployment of architecture and urban space-making. Directed Robotic Trash Extractors (DRT-E) exhume and cultivate material, as the project’s conveyor-belt infrastructure allows individuals, cooperatives and corporations to safely sort and collect based on their needs: a novel approach to accessing our 21st century resource. By allowing complete engagement with the public, Landfill Urbanism fosters productive interdependent relationships between consumers, as well as offering to its users a series of spectacular didactic, practical, and recreational experiences. Where the public of today consumes, the public of Landfill Urbanism harvests.

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Sugimoto, Norikazu, Masahiko Haruno, Kenji Doya, and Mitsuo Kawato. "MOSAIC for Multiple-Reward Environments." Neural Computation 24, no. 3 (March 2012): 577–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00246.

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Reinforcement learning (RL) can provide a basic framework for autonomous robots to learn to control and maximize future cumulative rewards in complex environments. To achieve high performance, RL controllers must consider the complex external dynamics for movements and task (reward function) and optimize control commands. For example, a robot playing tennis and squash needs to cope with the different dynamics of a tennis or squash racket and such dynamic environmental factors as the wind. In addition, this robot has to tailor its tactics simultaneously under the rules of either game. This double complexity of the external dynamics and reward function sometimes becomes more complex when both the multiple dynamics and multiple reward functions switch implicitly, as in the situation of a real (multi-agent) game of tennis where one player cannot observe the intention of her opponents or her partner. The robot must consider its opponent's and its partner's unobservable behavioral goals (reward function). In this article, we address how an RL agent should be designed to handle such double complexity of dynamics and reward. We have previously proposed modular selection and identification for control (MOSAIC) to cope with nonstationary dynamics where appropriate controllers are selected and learned among many candidates based on the error of its paired dynamics predictor: the forward model. Here we extend this framework for RL and propose MOSAIC-MR architecture. It resembles MOSAIC in spirit and selects and learns an appropriate RL controller based on the RL controller's TD error using the errors of the dynamics (the forward model) and the reward predictors. Furthermore, unlike other MOSAIC variants for RL, RL controllers are not a priori paired with the fixed predictors of dynamics and rewards. The simulation results demonstrate that MOSAIC-MR outperforms other counterparts because of this flexible association ability among RL controllers, forward models, and reward predictors.

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Perkl, Bradley E. "Cucurbita pepo from King Coulee, Southeastern Minnesota." American Antiquity 63, no. 2 (April 1998): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694698.

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Domesticated squash (Cucurbita pepo) was recovered from King Coulee, a multicomponent habitation site. Recent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon determinations on two seeds indicate that Cucurbita was used as early as 2530±60 B.P, during the Late Archaic. This marks the earliest occurrence of domesticated plant use in the upper Midwest. Another seed dated to the Late Woodland (1170±40 B.P.) is consistent with an inferred pattern of greater plant use throughout the area. The use of Cucurbita played an important role in the long transition from foraging to farming. These new data provide valuable insights into the economies of the people inhabiting the region.

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Lönroth, Linn. "‘I don’t have a skull… Or bones’: Minor Characters in Disney Animation." Animation 16, no. 1-2 (July 2021): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17468477211025666.

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This article explores the place of minor characters in Disney’s animated features. More specifically, it proposes that Disney’s minor characters mark an aesthetic rupture by breaking with the mode of hyperrealism that has come to be associated with the studio’s feature-length films. Drawing on character theory within literary studies and on research into animated film performance, the article suggests that the inherent ‘flatness’ of Disney’s minor characters and the ‘figurativeness’ of their performance styles contrasts with the characterizations and aesthetic style of the leading figures. The tendency of Disney’s minor characters to stretch and squash in an exaggerated fashion is also reminiscent of the flexible, plasmatic style of the studio’s early cartoons. In addition to exploring the aesthetic peculiarity of minor characters, this article also suggests that these figures play an important role in fleshing out the depicted fictional worlds of Disney’s movies. By drawing attention to alternative viewpoints and storylines, as well as to the broader narrative universe, minor characters add detail, nuance and complexity to the animated films in which they appear. Ultimately, this article proposes that these characters make the fairy-tale-like worlds of Disney animation more expansive and believable as fictional spaces.

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Coutts, B. A., and R. A. C. Jones. "Incidence and distribution of viruses infecting cucurbit crops in the Northern Territory and Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04311.

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During 2003–04, a survey was done to determine the incidence and distribution of virus diseases infecting cucurbit crops growing in the field at Kununurra, Broome, and Carnarvon in north-western Australia, Perth in south-western Australia, and Darwin and Katherine in the Northern Territory. Overall, 43 cucurbit-growing farms and 172 crops of susceptible cultivars were sampled. From each crop, shoot samples were collected from plants chosen at random and from symptomatic plants. Shoot samples were sometimes also collected from potential alternative virus hosts (cucurbit volunteer plants and weeds). All samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus-cucurbit strain (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Samples from one-third of the crops were also tested by tissue blot immunosorbent assay (TBIA) using generic luteovirus antibodies. Overall, 72% of farms and 56% of crops sampled were virus-infected. The growing areas with the highest incidences of virus infection were Darwin and Carnarvon, and those with the lowest incidences were Katherine and Perth. For WA, overall 78% of farms and 56% of crops were virus-infected, and in the NT the corresponding figures were 55% of farms and 54% of crops. Overall virus incidences in individual crops sometimes reached 100% infection. Crops of cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash, and zucchini were all infected, with squash and zucchini being the most severely affected. The most prevalent viruses were ZYMV and PRSV, each being detected in 5 and 4 of 6 cucurbit-growing areas, respectively, with infected crop incidences of <1–100%. SqMV was detected in 2 cucurbit-growing areas, sometimes reaching high incidences (<1–60%). WMV and CMV were found in 3 and 4 of 6 cucurbit-growing areas, respectively, but generally at low incidences in infected crops (<1–8%). Infection with luteovirus was found in 3 growing areas but only occurred in 16% of crops. Beet western yellows virus was detected once but at least one other luteovirus was also present. Infection of individual crops by more than 1 virus was common, with up to 4 viruses found within the same crop. Virus-resistant pumpkin cultivars (6 crops) had little infection when adjacent virus-susceptible cucurbit crops had high virus incidences. Viruses were detected in cucurbit volunteer plants and weeds, suggesting that they may act as important reservoirs for spread to nearby cucurbit crops. In general, established cucurbit-growing farms in close proximity to others and with poor crop hygiene suffered most from virus epidemics, whereas isolated farms with large-sized crops or that had only recently started growing cucurbits had less infection. The extent of infection revealed in this survey, and the financial losses to growers resulting from virus-induced yield losses and high fruit rejection rates, are cause for concern for the Australian cucurbit industry.

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Edelson, J. V., and C. Mackey. "CONTROL OF SQUASH BUG ON SUMMER SQUASH, 1999." Arthropod Management Tests 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/25.1.e83.

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Edelson, J. V., J. Duthie, and W. Roberts. "CONTROLLING SQUASH BUGS ON SQUASH WITH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS, 2000." Arthropod Management Tests 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/26.1.e76.

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Edelson, J. V., J. Duthie, and W. Roberts. "CONTROL OF SQUASH BUGS ON SQUASH WITH SOIL APPLIED INSECTICIDES, 2000." Arthropod Management Tests 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/26.1.e77.

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McLeod, Paul, and Javier Diaz. "EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF SQUASH BUG ON WINTER SQUASH, 2001." Arthropod Management Tests 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/27.1.e86.

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