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Journal articles on the topic 'Squat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kristiansen, Eirik, Stian Larsen, Markus E. Haugen, Eric Helms, and Roland van den Tillaar. "A Biomechanical Comparison of the Safety-Bar, High-Bar and Low-Bar Squat around the Sticking Region among Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men and Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168351.

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Barbell placement can affect squat performance around the sticking region. This study compared kinematics, kinetics, and myoelectric activity of the safety-bar squat with the high-bar, and low-bar squat around the sticking region. Six recreationally resistance-trained men (26.3 ± 3.1 years, body mass: 81 ± 7.7 kg) and eight women (22.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass: 65.7 ± 10.5 kg) performed three repetition maximums in all three squat conditions. The participants lifted the least load with the safety bar followed by the high-bar and then the low-bar squat. Greater myoelectric activity of the gluteus

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2

Talarico, Maria K., Robert C. Lynall, Timothy C. Mauntel, Erin B. Wasserman, Darin A. Padua, and Jason P. Mihalik. "Effect of Single-Leg Squat Speed and Depth on Dynamic Postural Control Under Single-Task and Dual-Task Paradigms." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 35, no. 4 (2019): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2018-0327.

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Although single-leg squats are a common dynamic balance clinical assessment, little is known about the relationship between parameters that influence squat movement and postural control performance. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between squat parameters (speed and depth) and postural control under single task and dual task. A total of 30 healthy college students performed single-leg squats under single task and dual task with Stroop. Random-intercepts generalized linear mixed models determined the effect of squat parameters on center of pressure (CoP) parameter

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3

Schaub, Peter A., and Teddy W. Worrell. "EMG Activity of Six Muscles and VMO:VL Ratio Determination during a Maximal Squat Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 4, no. 3 (1995): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.4.3.195.

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During knee rehabilitation, squats are a commonly used closed kinetic chain exercise. We have been unable to locate data reporting electromyographic (EMG) activity of lower extremity musculature during maximal effort squats and the contribution of gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus muscles. Therefore, the purposes of this study were (a) to quantify EMG activity of selected lower extremity muscles during a maximal isometric squat and during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and (b) to determine ratios between the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) during maxi

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Dikdoyo, Rudiyanto, Fauzi, Nurdin Ujang, and Chesa Arianto Afeb. "The Effect of Squat Training with Barbell and Resistance Band on Leg Power of Volleyball Athletes." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 07, no. 05 (2024): 2242–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11344974.

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The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the effect of squat training with barbell on increasing leg power of volleyball athletes, (2) the effect of squat training with resistance band on increasing leg power of volleyball athletes, (3) the difference in the effect of squat training with barbell and resistance band squats on increasing leg power of volleyball athletes. The type of research is experimental. The sample used is volleyball athletes totalling 20 athletes with an age range of 14-16 years. The leg power test instrument uses a vertical jump. Data analysis techniques using Paired

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Contreras, Bret, Andrew D. Vigotsky, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Chris Beardsley, and John Cronin. "A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyography Amplitude in the Parallel, Full, and Front Squat Variations in Resistance-Trained Females." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0113.

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Front, full, and parallel squats are some of the most popular squat variations. The purpose of this investigation was to compare mean and peak electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the upper gluteus maximus, lower gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis of front, full, and parallel squats. Thirteen healthy women (age = 28.9 ± 5.1 y; height = 164 ± 6.3 cm; body mass = 58.2 ± 6.4 kg) performed 10 repetitions of their estimated 10-repetition maximum of each respective variation. There were no statistical (P = .05) differences between full, front, and parallel squats in any of the test

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Jarosz, Jakub, Paulina Królikowska, Patryk Matykiewicz, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Paulina Ewertowska, and Michał Krzysztofik. "Effects of Flywheel vs. Free-Weight Squats and Split Squats on Jumping Performance and Change of Direction Speed in Soccer Players." Sports 11, no. 7 (2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11070124.

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The objective of this study was to compare (i) The effects of a flywheel and free-weight resistance training program; and (ii) The effects of performing lateral and frontal split squats as part of a flywheel-resistance training program on jumping performance, the 5–0–5 change of direction test time, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat in soccer players. Twenty-four male amateur soccer players participated in this study and were randomly and equally assigned to one of three different test groups: forward split-squat group (FSQ); lateral split-squat group (LSQ); and free-weight train

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7

Nasrulloh, Ahmad, Putri Deviana, Rina Yuniana, and Kukuh Wahyudin Pratama. "The Effect of Squat Training and Leg Length in Increasing the Leg Power of Volleyball Extracurricular Participants." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 21, no. 3 (2021): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2021.3.08.

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The study purpose. This study aims to see: (1) The difference in the effect of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in leg power. (2) The difference in influence between players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power. (3) The interaction of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises with leg length (high and low) to increase the power of volleyball extracurricular participants. Materials and Methods. This is an experimental research using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The population in this study were 38 volleyball extracu

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8

SINCLAIR, JONATHAN, CHRIS EDMUNDSON, STEPHEN ATKINS, PAUL JOHN TAYLOR, and HAYLEY VINCENT. "The effect of front and back squat techniques on peak loads experienced by the Achilles tendon." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 7, no. 3 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.07.3.01.

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Background: A primary technique in the discipline of strength and conditioning the squat has two principal ‘back and front’ variants. Despite the physiological and strength benefits of the squat, the propensity for musculoskeletal injury is high. The current investigation examined the influence of the front and back squat variations on the load experienced by the Achilles tendon. Material/Methods: Achilles tendon loads were obtained from eighteen experienced male participants as they completed both back and front squats. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjus

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SINCLAIR, JONATHAN, DARRELL BROOKS, and STEPHEN ATKINS. "An examination of the hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics during the front and back squat in males." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (2017): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.09.1.04.

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The aim of the current investigation was to examine the influence of the front and back squat variants on the hamstring and the quadriceps muscles kinematics. Eighteen male participants were recruited with 1 repetition maximum values of 122.7 ±16.4 and 88.7 ±13.9 kg for the back and front squat lifts. Participants completed both back and front squats at 70% of their front squat 1 repetition maximum. The hamstring and the quadriceps muscle kinematics were determined during kinetic situations using motion capture data, in addition to segmental and joint kinematics. Differences between squat cond

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10

Romero Padron, Manuel Angel, Alyx Jorgensen, David M. Werner, Matthew Alan Tao, and Elizabeth Wellsandt. "Knee Loading Asymmetries During Descent and Ascent Phases of Squatting After ACL Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 15, no. 14 (2025): 7780. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147780.

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Asymmetries are common during squats following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This study examined interlimb loading differences between squat phases at 6 months post-ACLR. Thirty-five participants performed bodyweight squats at self-selected speed and were analyzed using 3D motion capture. Vertical ground reaction force impulse (vGRFi), external knee flexion moment impulse (KFMi) and hip-to-knee flexion moment impulse ratio (HKRi) were calculated, along with interlimb ratios (ILR). Squat phase durations were also recorded. Paired t-tests and ANCOVA (controlling for time) wer

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Sinclair, J., S. Atkins, N. Kudiersky, PJ Taylor, and H. Vincent. "Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 2, no. 1 (2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v2n1p76.

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Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The resu

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Szyszka, Paulina, Weronika Zielińska-Stubińska, and Agnieszka Chwaluk. "Modelling Front and Back Squat Record Scores in Long-Term Training of Young Weightlifters." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 29, no. 4 (2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2022-0021.

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Abstract Introduction. Front and back squats are multi-joint exercises used in sports to develop strength, power and muscle mass. Due to their movement structure and involvement of the main muscle groups, they are training measures that are used in strength training in various sports. A long-term training process leading to sports mastery requires the correct selection of loads as well as objective control of the training effects to date, both short-term and long-term. The aim of this study was to create a statistical model and to determine with it the character of the changes in the record sc

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Seitz, Laurent B., Gabriel S. Trajano, and G. Gregory Haff. "The Back Squat and the Power Clean: Elicitation of Different Degrees of Potentiation." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 4 (2014): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0358.

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Purpose:To compare the acute effects of back squats and power cleans on sprint performance.Methods:Thirteen elite junior rugby league players performed 20-m linear sprints before and 7 min after 2 different conditioning activities or 1 control condition. The conditioning activities included 1 set of 3 back squats or power cleans at 90% 1-repetition maximum. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare preconditioning and postconditioning changes in sprint performance.Results:Both the back-squat and power-clean conditioning activities demonstrated a potentiation effect as indicated by im

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14

Anderson, Ricky, Carol Courtney, and Eli Carmeli. "EMG Analysis of the Vastus Medialis/Vastus Lateralis Muscles Utilizing the Unloaded Narrow- and Wide-Stance Squats." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 7, no. 4 (1998): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.7.4.236.

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The purpose of this study was to see if vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis (VMO:VL) ratios could be increased by widening the squat stance and if the VMO activity increases with deeper ranges of knee flexion. Fifteen healthy subjects performed unloaded narrow and wide stance squats through three ranges of knee flexion: 30°, 60°, and 90°. The two squat stances were compared using a 2 × 3 ANOVA to see if the wide-stance squat had any significant difference in EMG activity for VMO: VL ratios compared to the narrow-stance squat. The difference in EMG activity of the VMO between the various a

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Prof. Anuja Garande, Kushank Patil, Rasika Deshmukh, Siddhi Gurav, and Chaitanya Yadav. "AI Trainer : Video-Based Squat Analysis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 11, no. 2 (2024): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2411221.

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This research proposes a video-based system for analyzing human squats and providing real-time feedback to improve posture. The system leverages MediaPipe, an open-source pose estimation library, to identify key body joints during squats. By calculating crucial joint angles (knee flexion, hip flexion, ankle dorsiflexion), the system assesses squat form against established biomechanical principles. Deviations from these principles trigger real-time feedback messages or visual cues to guide users towards optimal squat posture. The paper details the system architecture, with a client-side applica

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Joseph, Lori, Josh Reilly, Kristine Sweezey, Robyn Waugh, Lara A. Carlson, and Michael A. Lawrence. "Activity of Trunk and Lower Extremity Musculature: Comparison Between Parallel Back Squats and Belt Squats." Journal of Human Kinetics 72, no. 1 (2020): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0126.

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AbstractThe back squat is widely used in strength training programs. Alternatively, the belt squat has been gaining popularity since it loads the weight on the hips, as opposed to the shoulders and spine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether using a belt squat would result in less lumbar extensor activation while providing similar excitation of other prime mover and stabilizer musculature. Ten participants (9 males, 1 female; age 29.3 ± 4.9 years; body mass 96.2 ± 17.8 kg) who regularly trained both belt squats and back squats performed three sets of 5 repetitions with 100% bodyw

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Cheatham, Scott W., Kyle R. Stull, Mike Fantigrassi, and Ian Montel. "Hip Musculoskeletal Conditions and Associated Factors That Influence Squat Performance: A Systematic Review." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, no. 3 (2018): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0246.

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Context: The squat is a fundamental movement for weightlifting and sports performance. Both unilateral and bilateral squats are also used to assess transitional and dynamic lower-extremity control. Common lower-extremity conditions can have an influence on squat performance. Of interest are the effects of hip musculoskeletal conditions and associated factors, such as hip muscle pain, fatigue, and tightness, on squat performance. Currently, there has been no appraisal of the evidence regarding the association of these conditions and associated factors on squat performance. Objective: This study

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Kosynskyi, E. "Methodological features of using of the element «squat»." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(161) (March 15, 2023): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.03(161).22.

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The paper analyzes the technical element «squat», considers the options for its use in choreography and their interpretation in national associations, highlights the basic parts of this movement, typical for different squats. A general scheme of the «squat» element is proposed, which allows one to freely master and apply it, depending on the increase in the level of theoretical material and practical implementation, thus avoiding significant indicators that should be combined with technical development and a variety of assortment of this element of martial arts. Examples of the use of a squat

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Wijayanti, Lisna, Nelly Anggraini, Deden Akbar Izzudin, and Qorry Armen Gemael. "Biomechanical Analysis of Movement in Basic Squat Exercise: Impact on Efficiency and Injury Risk." COMPETITOR: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga 16, no. 3 (2024): 1086. https://doi.org/10.26858/cjpko.v16i3.68734.

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The basic squat exercise is a strength exercise that is widely used to strengthen the muscles of the lower body, including the quadriceps, hamstrings and glutes. However, improper technique in performing squats can increase the risk of injury. This article aims to analyze the biomechanics of movements in squat training, with a focus on how correct technique can influence exercise efficiency and injury risk. This study used one subject as a sample to evaluate body posture and joint movement angles during exercise. The measuring instrument used is a goniometer to measure the angles of the knee a

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Lee, Jae-woo, Young-tae Lim, and Moon-seok Kwon. "The Effect of Dynamic Lumbar Kyphosis on the Biomechanical Factors of the Lumbar Joints during Deep Squats." Korean Journal of Sport Science 35, no. 2 (2024): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2024.35.2.296.

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PURPOSE This study analyzed the effect of dynamic lumbar kyphosis on the biomechnical factors affecting the lumbar joints during deep squats.METHODS Thirty adults in their 20s who had experienced weight training for more than one year participated in this study (age: 23.4±3.5years old, height: 175.3±4.3cm, weight: 75.8±6.5kg, squat single repetition maximum (1RM) weight: 115.3±19.5kg). Under both restricted dynamic lumbar kyphosis (RDLK) and dynamic lumbar kyphosis (DLK), subjects completed one repetition of deep squats at a load of 70% of their 1-RM weight. To verify the consistency of deep s

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Cho, Seong-Jun, Mi-Ock Han, Eun-Hye Choi, Jirakit Siripatrawan, and Hyung-pil Jun. "Differences on Thigh Muscles' Activity by Types of Squat." Asian Journal of Kinesiology 26, no. 2 (2024): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2024.26.2.4.

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OBJECTIVES Thigh strength has many features in our life. Many people perform vary squat types to stimulate different thigh muscles. However, there is a lack of information on which squat is the most effective on targeted muscles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare thigh muscles’ activity by squat types and suggest the correct squat for strengthening thigh.METHODS Total of 20 men and women (age: 23.9±1.5yrs, height: 173.3±6.6cm, weight: 75.1±13.2kg, BMI: 24.9±3.1kg/m<sup>2</sup>) who had no musculoskeletal pathologies within last one year, and had weight training ex

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Wu, Hong-Wen, Cheng-Feng Tsai, Kai-Han Liang, and Yi-Wen Chang. "Effect of Loading Devices on Muscle Activation in Squat and Lunge." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 2 (2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0182.

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Context: Squats and lunges are common exercises frequently applied in muscle-strengthening and therapeutic exercises. The loading devices are often used to increase the training intensity. Objective: To determine the effect of loading devices on muscle activation in squat and lunge and to compare the differences in muscle activation between squat and lunge. Design: Cross-sectional cohort. Participants: Nineteen healthy, male, recreationally active individuals without a history of lower limb injury. Interventions: Each participant performed 10 repetitions of a squat under 5 conditions: unloaded

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Cho, Hojin, Jaehak Park, and Kyungsu Park. "Analysis of Axial Acceleration for the Detection of Rail Squats in High-Speed Railways." CivilEng 4, no. 4 (2023): 1143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng4040062.

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A squat is a type of fatigue defect caused by short-wavelength rotational contact; if squats are detected early, the maintenance cost of the track can be effectively reduced. In this paper, a method for the early detection of squats is presented based on ABA (axle box acceleration) and frequency signal processing techniques. To increase the measurement sensitivity for the squat, ABA was used to measure the longitudinal vibration. Compared to vertical ABA, longitudinal ABA does not include vibrations from rail fasteners and sleepers, so it is possible to effectively measure the vibration signal

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Kupczak, Agata, Anna Dolińska, Kacper Zając, et al. "Assessment of the knowledge of people training amateur strength sports about the squat and its variations and the benefits from this fact." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 29, no. 1 (2023): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.29.01.012.

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EntryThe squat pattern is present in the life of every human being from his earliest years. In sports, the squat is one of the most popular exercises, used in almost every discipline in countless variations by both professionals and amateurs. Due to its biomechanics and the degree of involvement of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, its use is an essential training link in any plan aimed at developing muscle mass, strength and endurance. The squat pattern is also used in medicine, rehabilitation and improving people suffering from all kinds of injuries and dysfunctions of the l

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Pálinkás, Gergely, Csaba Ökrös, Zsófia Tróznai, Katinka Utczás, and Leonidas Petridis. "The Effects of Short-Term Heavy Load Squat vs. Moderate Load Olympic Weightlifting Training on Maximal Strength and Force–Velocity Profile in Young Female Handball Players." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 10, no. 2 (2025): 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020187.

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Objectives: This study examined changes in maximal strength and the force–velocity (FV) profile in young female handball players following an in-season heavy load squat or a moderate load Olympic weightlifting short-term training intervention. Methods: A total of 27 active young female handball players (age: 17.6 ± 0.98 years; height: 168.9 ± 5.1 cm; weight: 64.9 ± 10.6 kg) participated. 5RM back squats and unloaded and loaded countermovement jumps were assessed to establish the FV profile. Participants were divided into the following groups: the control group (CG; n = 8) followed its usual st

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Pierce, Kyle. "Front Squat and Belt Squat." STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL 19, no. 5 (1997): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1073-6840(1997)019<0060:fsabs>2.3.co;2.

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Ayers, Suzan F. "Front Squat or Back Squat." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 81, no. 2 (2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2010.10598423.

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Wunsch, Tobias, Georg Teufl, Nathalie Alexander, and Hermann Schwameder. "Squat ist nicht gleich Squat." Sportphysio 04, no. 02 (2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-104342.

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Jaeggi, Jessica S., Basil Achermann, and Silvio R. Lorenzetti. "Female Lower Body Muscle Forces: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Comparison of Back Squats, Split Squats and Good Mornings." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2 (2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020068.

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The aim of this study was to analyze lower leg muscle forces during strength exercises such as back squats, good mornings and split squats, with a particular emphasis on females. By focusing on females, who are more vulnerable to anterior cruciate ligament injuries, we aimed to better understand muscle engagement and its role in injury prevention. Eight participants were monitored during exercises with a barbell load of 25% of body weight and, during the back squat, an additional 50% load. The analysis was conducted using personalized musculoskeletal models, electromyography (EMG) and Vicon mo

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Teixeira Matos, Mateus, Kailane Santos Alves, Victor Coswig, et al. "Equilibrio y carga plantar en diferentes técnicas de sentadilla." Retos 62 (October 29, 2024): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.104862.

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This research aims to analyze dynamic balance and plantar load in different squatting techniques, providing insights into the influence of these exercises in practitioners who incorporate weightlifting into their training routines. A sample of 21 subjects engaged in activities involving three squatting techniques: Back Squat (BS), Front Squat (FS), and Overhead Squat (OHS) was analyzed. Participants assumed a baseline posture and performed exercises with approximately 50% RM for each squatting technique. A plantar pressure measurement system was used to assess center of pressure (COP) displace

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Olivier, Benita, Samantha-Lynn Quinn, Natalie Benjamin, Andrew Craig Green, Jessica Chiu, and Weijie Wang. "Single-Leg Squat Delicacies—The Position of the Nonstance Limb is an Important Consideration." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 4 (2019): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0181.

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Context: The single-leg squat task is often used as a rehabilitative exercise or as a screening tool for the functional movement of the lower limb. Objective: To establish the effect of 3 different positions of the nonstance leg on 3-dimensional kinematics, muscle activity, and center of mass displacement during a single-leg squat. Design: Within-subjects, repeated-measures design. Setting: Movement analysis laboratory. Participants: A total of 10 participants, aged 28.2 (4.42) years performed 3 squats to 60° of knee flexion with the nonstance (1) hip at 90° flexion and knee at 90° flexion, (2

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Indra Siregar, Yan, Nurkadri Nurkadri, Nirwana Rohaya, Sory Muda, and Delpipo Alessandro Ginting. "Contribution of squat jump, leg squat, and walking lunge to mawashi geri kicking ability skills." Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran 9, no. 2 (2023): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i2.21014.

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Muscle explosiveness is a physical component that contributes from technical ability to karate ability. The kicking technique in karate is a very important skill in attacking movements. It is necessary to provide training so that muscle explosive power, especially in the legs, increases so that technical ability can increase. Squat jump exercises, leg squats, and walking lunges are forms of exercise that can increase muscle explosive power and the ability of karate kicks. This study aimed to determine the contribution of squat jump exercises, leg squats, and walking lunges to the ability to ki

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Strokosch, Alasdair, Loic Louit, Laurent Seitz, Richard Clarke, and Jonathan D. Hughes. "Impact of Accommodating Resistance in Potentiating Horizontal-Jump Performance in Professional Rugby League Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 9 (2018): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0697.

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This study investigated the efficacy of deadlifts and box squats, with a combination of traditional and accommodating resistance, as a postactivation potentiating stimulus of standing broad jumps (SBJ) in a multiple-set contrast protocol. Twelve professional rugby league players (21.4 [2.5] y; 181.3 [8.3] cm, 91.9 [8.8] kg; 1-repetition-maximum [1RM] back squat/body mass 1.59 [0.21]; 1RM deadlift/body mass 2.11 [0.25]; ≥3-y resistance-training experience) performed baseline SBJ before a contrast postactivation potentiating protocol involving 2 repetitions of 85% 1RM box squat or deadlifts, loa

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Lynch, Arthur E., Robert W. Davies, Philip M. Jakeman, Tim Locke, Joanna M. Allardyce, and Brian P. Carson. "The Influence of Maximal Strength and Knee Angle on the Reliability of Peak Force in the Isometric Squat." Sports 9, no. 10 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9100140.

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This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of peak force in the isometric squat across the strength spectrum using coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). On two separate days, 59 healthy men (mean (SD) age 23.0 (4.1) years; height 1.79 (0.7) m; body mass 84.0 (15.2) kg) performed three maximal effort isometric squats in two positions (at a 120° and a 90° knee angle). Acceptable reliability was observed at both the 120° (CV = 7.5 (6.7), ICC = 0.960 [0.933, 0.977]) and 90° positions (CV = 9.2 (8.8), ICC = 0.920 [0.865, 0.953]). There was no

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Boling, Michelle, Darin Padua, J. Troy Blackburn, Meredith Petschauer, and Christopher Hirth. "Hip Adduction Does not Affect VMO EMG Amplitude or VMO:VL Ratios during a Dynamic Squat Exercise." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 3 (2006): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.195.

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Context:Clinicians commonly attempt to facilitate vastus medialis oblique (VMO) activity by instructing patients to squeeze a ball between their knees during squatting exercises.Objective:To determine whether VMO activation amplitude and the VMO to vastus lateralis (VL) activation ratio (VMO:VL) were altered when performing active hip adduction during a dynamic squat exercise.Design:Single test session.Participants:Fifteen healthy subjects, with no history of knee pain, volunteered for this study.Intervention:Surface EMG of the VMO, VL, and hip adductor (ADD) muscles were recorded while subjec

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Chen, Diwei, Dong Sun, Fengping Li, et al. "Identifying the Primary Kinetic Factors Influencing the Anterior–Posterior Center of Mass Displacement in Barbell Squats: A Factor Regression Analysis." Sensors 25, no. 2 (2025): 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020572.

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Background: Barbell squats are commonly used in strength training, but the anterior–posterior displacement of the Center of Mass (COM) may impair joint stability and increase injury risk. This study investigates the key factors influencing COM displacement during different squat modes.; Methods: This study recruited 15 male strength training enthusiasts, who performed 60% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the Front Barbell Squat (FBS), High Bar Back Squat (HBBS), and Low Bar Back Squat (LBBS). Joint moments at both the hip, knee, and ankle were collected using a motion capture system an

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Anderson, Kenneth, and David G. Behm. "Trunk Muscle Activity Increases With Unstable Squat Movements." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, no. 1 (2005): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-103.

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The objective of this study was to determine differences in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus (SOL), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), abdominal stabilizers (AS), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbo-sacral erector spinae (LSES) muscles while performing squats of varied stability and resistance. Stability was altered by doing the squat movement on a Smith machine, a free squat, and while standing on two balance discs. Fourteen male subjects performed the movements. Activities of the SOL, AS, ULES, and LSES were highest during the unstable squat and lowest with t

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Wattimena, Ferry Yohanes, Octavian Serka Yudha Pratama, and Aridhotul Haqiyah. "Kondisi Fisik: Wall Squat Dan Core and Plank Pada Atlet Pelatda PON Panahan DKI Jakarta 2024." Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education 8, no. 1 (2024): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsce.08103.

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui kondisi fisik wall squat dan core and plank terhadap pada atlet panahan pelatda pon dki jakarta. Desain pada penelitian ini yakni eksperimen kuantitatif dengan menggunakan program latihan pre – test dan pos – test. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes wall squat, core and plank. Populasi penelitian dan sampel penelitian yakni 16 atlet. Teknik analisis data menggunakan spss 25. Hasil penelitian di dapat dari uji tes, statistic deskriptif, uji normalitas. Kolmogorov-Smirnov/shapiro wilk pada pre – test dan pos – test program latihan wall squat 0.

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McErlain-Naylor, Stuart A., and Marco Beato. "Post Flywheel Squat Potentiation of Vertical and Horizontal Ground Reaction Force Parameters during Jumps and Changes of Direction." Sports 9, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9010005.

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(1) Background: The aim of the study was to determine the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of vertical and horizontal ground reaction force parameters during jumps and change of direction following flywheel squat exercise using two different flywheel inertias. (2) Methods: Eleven male athletes performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), and “modified 505” change of direction (COD) in a control condition and 6 minutes following three sets of six repetitions of flywheel half squats at one of two inertias (0.029 kg·m2 and 0.061 kg·m2). Peak directional ground

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Schlegel, Petr, Adrián Agricola, and Dana Fialová. "Deep Squat – Should We Be Afraid?" Studia sportiva 15, no. 1 (2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2021-1-3.

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PURPOSE Squats are among the basic exercises that have become an integral part of exercise programs. It is commonly used by athletes in many sports. Its potential is shown in the development of strength, power, and overall sports performance. The aim of the study was to verify inconsistent views on deep squats, technical design, and related health risks. METHODS For the purposes of the review, the terms "squat, knee, biomechanics, deep, patellofemoral, back squat, performance, arthritis, health, injury, risk" were used. RESULTS It turns out that the technique of performing a deep squat has its

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Johnsen, Emil, and Roland van den Tillaar. "Effects of training frequency on muscular strength for trained men under volume matched conditions." PeerJ 9 (February 18, 2021): e10781. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10781.

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Background In resistance training, the role of training frequency to increase maximal strength is often debated. However, the limited data available does not allow for clear training frequency “optimization” recommendations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training frequency on maximal muscular strength and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). The total weekly training volume was equally distributed between two and four sessions per muscle group. Methods Twenty-one experienced resistance-trained male subjects (height: 1.85 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 85.3 ± 12.3 kg, age: 27.6

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Suchomel, Timothy J., Conor J. Cantwell, Brookelyn A. Campbell, Zachary S. Schroeder, Lauren K. Marshall, and Christopher B. Taber. "Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats." Journal of Human Kinetics 91 (April 15, 2024): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jhk/185726.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in braking and propulsion force-time characteristics and barbell velocity between traditional (TRAD) and accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) back squats using various load combinations. Sixteen resistance-trained men participated in four separate testing sessions which included a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat during the first session and three squat testing sessions. During the squat testing sessions, participants either performed sets of three repetitions of TRAD back squats each with 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM or performed the sa

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Campbell, Brookelyn A., Conor J. Cantwell, Lauren K. Marshall-Ciochon, et al. "A Comparison of the Braking and Propulsion Phase Characteristics of Traditional and Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats in Resistance-Trained Women." Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020661.

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The aim of this study was to compare the braking and propulsion force–time and barbell velocity characteristics between back squat sets performed using traditional (TRAD) or accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) in resistance-trained women. In total, 14 participants completed four separate testing sessions that included a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat and three squat testing sessions that used either TRAD or AEL. During the squat testing sessions, participants performed sets of three back squat repetitions using TRAD loads with 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM or performed the same loads with t

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Léon, Myriam, and Yaëlle Dauriol. "Squat." Lien Social N° 1302, no. 17 (2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/liso.1302.0018.

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Lu, Yichen, Qichang Mei, Hsien-Te Peng, Jianshe Li, Chen Wei, and Yaodong Gu. "A Comparative Study on Loadings of the Lower Extremity during Deep Squat in Asian and Caucasian Individuals via OpenSim Musculoskeletal Modelling." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 4, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7531719.

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Populations of different ethnicities may present different movement capacities and muscular function adaptations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of motion and loading in the lower extremity during dynamic deep squats between Asian and Caucasian individuals using OpenSim modelling technique with a customized squat-specific musculoskeletal model. Twenty-four participants joined the test performing the step-squat test, with right foot stepping side, squatting, and returning. The one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping package was used for statistical analysis.

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Imano, Tetsuo, and Masaaki Nakajima. "Exercise speed and workload effects on muscle hypoxia in vastus lateralis muscle during squatting exercises." Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 3, no. 4 (2024): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55860/knxz7210.

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Background: The study aimed to examine the effects of varying exercise speed and joint motion range (opting for either full knee extension or sustained knee flexion) on the intramuscular hypoxic environment, a key factor in muscle hypertrophy, during squat exercises. Methods: The participants were 17 healthy male and female students from Kibi International University, without back or knee pain at the time of evaluation. Two squat variations were performed: squats with full knee extension (Locked group; L group) and squats without full knee extension (non-locked group; NL group). The exercises

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Kaçoğlu, Celil, and Barış Gürol. "EFFECT OF BODY POSITION DURING WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON ACUTE JUMPING PERFORMANCE." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 3, no. 102 (2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i102.59.

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Background. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) during heel raised and standing squat position on squat (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) heights. Methods. Twenty four physically active sport science students are voluntarily participated in this study. Randomized, counterbalanced, crossover study was used in this study and all subjects completed two trials that were plantar (25–30°) and dorsal (5–10°) flexion squats. WBV exercises were performed on a vibration plate at 26 Hz frequency, 4mm amplitude. Jumping performances were assessed with a

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Zuo, Yang, Praneeth Chandran, Johan Odelius, and Matti Rantatalo. "Wayside Railway Switch and Crossing Monitoring Using Isolation Forest Anomaly Scores." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (2023): 14836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014836.

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Railway switch and crossing (S&C) systems have complicated moving structures compared with regular rail. They require multiple components that vary in complexity. The complexity of railway S&C, together with the fact that they are discontinuous points of the system, makes them vulnerable to defects such as squats. A squat on the switching rail could potentially cause rail breakage and lead to catastrophic results, such as derailment. In this study, a method based on anomaly scoring was investigated to estimate the status of an S&C system with respect to squat defects. The proposed

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Yun, Seok-Ho, Hyeon-Joo Kim, Jeh-Kwang Ryu, and Seung-Chan Kim. "Fine-Grained Motion Recognition in At-Home Fitness Monitoring with Smartwatch: A Comparative Analysis of Explainable Deep Neural Networks." Healthcare 11, no. 7 (2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11070940.

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The squat is a multi-joint exercise widely used for everyday at-home fitness. Focusing on the fine-grained classification of squat motions, we propose a smartwatch-based wearable system that can recognize subtle motion differences. For data collection, 52 participants were asked to perform one correct squat and five incorrect squats with three different arm postures (straight arm, crossed arm, and hands on waist). We utilized deep neural network-based models and adopted a conventional machine learning method (random forest) as a baseline. Experimental results revealed that the bidirectional GR

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Garrick, Lachlan E., Bryce C. Alexander, Anthony G. Schache, Marcus G. Pandy, Kay M. Crossley, and Natalie J. Collins. "Athletes Rated as Poor Single-Leg Squat Performers Display Measurable Differences in Single-Leg Squat Biomechanics Compared With Good Performers." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, no. 6 (2018): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0208.

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Context: It is important to validate single-leg squat visual rating criteria used in clinical practice and research. Foot orthoses may improve single-leg squat performance in those who demonstrate biomechanics associated with increased risk of lower limb injury. Objective: Validate visual rating criteria proposed by Crossley et al, by determining whether athletes rated as poor single-leg squat performers display different single-leg squat biomechanics than good performers; and evaluate immediate effects of foot orthoses on single-leg squat biomechanics in poor performers. Design: Comparative c

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