Relevant bibliographies by topics / SR (Surface Roughness)

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Academic literature on the topic 'SR (Surface Roughness)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "SR (Surface Roughness)"

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Jain, Shubham, and Anil Mulewa. "Experimental Analysis of Surface Roughness Optimization of EN19 Alloy Steel Milling by the Cuckoo Search Algorithm." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 38 (April 30, 2024): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2024.v38.009.

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In the present paper, end milling has been performed on EN19 alloy steel by selecting cutting speed, feed rate, & depth of cut as input parameters and surface roughness (SR) as a response. EN19 alloy steel milling is widely used in various sectors, such as the automotive, defence, construction, aerospace, and nuclear sectors. A parametric study of EN19 alloy steel is needed for better machining. The central composite design was used for designing the experiments & modeling the surface roughness as a response. A cuckoo search algorithm was applied to minimize the surface roughness. It was found that feed rate is the most important factor affecting surface roughness (SR). The Cuckoo Search Algorithm also reveals that a minimum SR 1.8576 micrometer has been achieved at a higher speed of 765 RPM, a lower feed rate of 55.9516 mm/min., & a lower depth of cut of 0.4846 mm. The experiment concludes that it is so that the optimum SR is exhibited at both lower feed rates & high speeds. This, in turn, indicates that our implementation of CCD-based SR, followed by the real cuckoo search algorithm optimization, provides similar results and a good model to the practical results we would expect.
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Trinh, Van-Long. "A Review of the Surface Roughness Prediction Methods in Finishing Machining." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 4 (2024): 15297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7710.

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The desired Surface Roughness (SR) can be achieved via general machining methods by using a cutting tool to remove a material layer on the workpiece surface. Cutting Parameters (CP), cutting tool properties, and workpiece properties must be considered. The finishing machining methods that can be applied to produce the desired SR are turning, milling, grinding, boring, and polishing. The technological parameters must be tightly combined in the Machining Process (MP). The CP selection presents some issues regarding time, cost, and practical skill when considering different cutting methods, cutting tools, and workpiece materials. SR predicting methods of machined parts have the advantages of shortening the time of CP selection, reducing machining cost, and bringing the desired SR. This paper reviews the recent methods followed in predicting the SR of the MPs. The SR prediction methods will bring many benefits for MP, such as improved SR, reduced cost, improved cutting conditions, and enhanced quality.
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Pramanik, Debal, Bikash Panja, and Sudip Banerjee. "Parametric study of WEDM on titanium grade 12 using response surface methodology and desirability approach." Emerging Materials Research 12, no. 4 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00192.

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Present experimental study aims to scrutinize the effect of different process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) of titanium grade 12 alloy during wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) using response surface methodology (RSM). Four parameters (pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed, and gap voltage) and three levels of each selected variables are considered to conduct the experimental work. Depending on experimental results, mathematical model is generated for both MRR and SR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) study is performed to find significant process parameters. ANOVA results yield that developed models for both MRR and SR are significant and pulse-on time is found to be the most significant parameter. Additionally, help of desirability approach is also taken to scrutinize single-objective and multi-objective criterion of response variables. Desirability function for all the cases are found to be 1. Maximum material removal rate is observed as 12.4845 mm3/sec while minimum value of surface roughness is found as 1.4911 μm. For multi-objective optimization, maximum value of MRR and minimum value of surface roughness are obtained as 12.0942 mm3/min and 1.7167 μm respectively. Finally, surface morphology of machined surfaces is examined using SEM micrographs.
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Kumar, A., A. Kumar, N. Dutt, V. Pratap Singh, C. S. Meena, and A. Prasad. "Experimental Study of Process Parameter for Surface Roughness in WEDM." Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Prakash 01, no. 01 (2022): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56697/jmep.2022.1109.

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Wire cut Electrical-Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a machining process which utilizes a thin wire (around 0.18mm) for material removal. In modern machining of complex object, it plays an important role. Process parameters have great in-fluence on WEDM. MRR, SR and WT are varying process parameters. In this article surface roughness (SR) in WEDM process was analysed using Taguchi method. To validate the results analytical and experimental results were investigated. In experiments it was observed, when peak current value was increased, SR value also increases and in resultant a rough surface was produced. Peak current was observed as most influential parameter with contribution of 82.12%.
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Da Silva, Wander José, Letícia Machado Gonçalves, Flávia Carvalho Viu, Cristiane Maria Brasil Leal, Célia Marisa Rizatti Barbosa, and Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury. "Surface roughness influences Candida albicans biofilm formation on denture materials." Revista Odonto Ciência 31, no. 2 (2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.2.15324.

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influences of surface roughness (SR) of denture base and liner materials on Candida albicans biofilm formation.Methods: Discs were fabricated using poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resin and poly(ethyl methacrylate) denture liner, according to manufacturers’ instructions. Both acrylic resin and relined discs were finished or finished + polished and the SR was measured. Discs were saliva-coated, and C. albicans biofilms were developed on such surfaces for 48 hours. Biofilms were evaluated for cell counts, metabolic activity, and structural characteristics. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests using a significance level of 5%.Results: Finished acrylic resin and denture liner discs had higher SR compared to finished + polished discs (P<0.001). Finished + polished acrylic resin discs contained fewer cells compared to only finished discs (P<0.001). No metabolic activity differences were seen between biofilms formed on both groups (P>0.05). Bulky, thick and less rough biofilms were formed on only finished denture materials (P<0.05). Confocal images reveal increased presence of black spaces for biofilms developed on finished + polished discs. Conclusion: Reduced SR resulted in decreased C. albicans biofilm accumulation on both denture materials.
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Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa, Manjunath, Sandeep Kumar, Jagadish Jagadish, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, and Khaled Giasin. "Experimental Analysis and Optimization of EDM Parameters on HcHcr Steel in Context with Different Electrodes and Dielectric Fluids Using Hybrid Taguchi-Based PCA-Utility and CRITIC-Utility Approaches." Metals 11, no. 3 (2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030419.

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Industries demand stringent requirements towards economical machining without hindering the surface quality while cutting high carbon high chromium (HcHcr) steel. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) of HcHcr steel aims at reducing machining cost (i.e., maximize material removal rate (MRR) and minimize tool wear rate (TWR)) with good surface quality (i.e., minimize surface roughness (SR)). A comparative study was carried out on EDM of HcHcr D2 steel (DIN EN ISO 4957) by applying Taguchi L18 experimental design considering different electrode materials (copper, graphite, and brass), dielectric fluids (distilled water and kerosene), peak current, and pulse-on-time. The process performances were analyzed with respect to material removal rate, surface roughness, and tool wear rate. Pareto analysis of variance was employed to estimate the significance of the process variables and their optimal levels for achieving lower SR and TWR and higher MRR. Hybrid Taguchi-CRITIC-Utility and Taguchi-PCA-Utility methods were implemented to determine the optimal EDM parameters. Higher MRR of 0.0632 g/min and lower SR of 1.68 µm and TWR of 0.012 g/min was attained by graphite electrode in presence of distilled water as dielectric fluid compared to the brass and copper. Additionally, a metallographic analysis was carried out to study the surface integrity on the machined surfaces. Micrographic analysis of the optimal conditions showed lower surface roughness and fewer imperfections (lesser impression, waviness surface, and micro-cracks) compared to worst conditions.
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P., Bharathi, Srinivasara G., and Gopalakrishnaiah P. "Optimization of Parameters in WEDM Using CCF Design." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.41 (2018): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.41.24297.

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The research work is to investigate the influence of WEDM process parameters such as pulse on time(Ton),pulse off time(Toff), peak current (IP), servo voltage (SV), and wire feed (WF) on response parameters as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface roughness(SR). Experimentation work carried out on Titanium 5 Grade work material with tool electrode as annealed brass wire. Every process parameter was set at three levels and the output variables were Surface roughness (SR) and Material removal rate (MRR). Central Composite Face centered (CCF) design was used to conduct the experiments. According to the experimental results the model equations for SR and MRR were developed using multiple linear regression. Modeling and optimization of process parameters had been performed with the help of model equations, level means and response graphs. From the analysis it was identified that the effect of servo voltage on surface roughness  and pulse on time for  MRR is more significant. Â
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Pandey, Gaurav Kumar, Praveen Bhai Patel, Abhishek Kumar, Ramendra Singh Niranjan, Vikas Katiyar, and A. K. Chandra. "Effect of different wire materials on WEDM performance of Bio-compatible material." Production Engineering Archives 28, no. 1 (2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2022.28.06.

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Abstract The present experimental investigation aims to analyse the effect of various machining parameters, such as pulse peak current (Ion), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and spark voltage (SV) on the surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate(MRR) by using continuous traveling of both wire electrode (i.e. brass wire and zinc-coated brass wire). The present work also analyses the effect of types of wires, such as brass wire and zinc-coated brass wire used during machining of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) on Surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR). This work studies the correlation between various response parameter such SR and MRR by using same machining parameter by for both wires.
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Buyuksari, Umit, Turgay Akbulut, Cengiz Guler, and Nusret As. "Wettability and surface roughness of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood." BioResources 6, no. 4 (2011): 4721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4721-4730.

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Plantation-grown wood species are becoming more important. Their anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties are different and generally more variable than wood grown in natural stands. The objective of this study was to investigate the wettability and surface roughness (SR) of natural and plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) wood. The logs were cut from a natural stand versus three different spacings of plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash wood stands. Plantation spacings were 3 x 2 m, 3 x 2.5 m, and 4 x 4 m. The wetting behavior of the wood samples was characterized by the contact angle (CA) method (goniometer technique). A stylus type profilometer was used for the SR measurement according to the DIN 4768 (1990) standard. The SR and CA measurements were done on both the radial and tangential surfaces of the samples. Individual values of both SR and CA of ash wood showed statistically significant differences. Based on the findings, it appears that the natural-grown ash wood have higher (less favorable) SR and lower (more favorable) CA values compared to all the plantation-grown ash wood on both radial and tangential surfaces. Tangential surfaces had lower SR values and higher CA values than the radial surfaces for all groups. In conclusion, plantation-grown narrow-leaved ash wood can be utilized for bonded wood products such as plywood, laminated veneer lumber, and glulam.
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Bhuvenesh, R., M. S. Abdul Manan, and M. H. Norizaman. "The Study of Surface Roughness and MRR of Mild Steel Using Manual Plasma Arc Cutting Machining." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.3.

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Manufacturing companies define the qualities of thermal removing process based on the dimension and physical appearance of the cutting material surface. Therefore, the roughness of the surface area of the cutting material and the rate of the material being removed during the manual plasma arc cutting process was importantly considered. Plasma arc cutter Selco Genesis 90 was used to cut the specimens made from Standard AISI 1017 Steel manually based on the selected parameters setting. Two different thicknesses of specimens with 3mm and 6mm were used. The material removal rate (MRR) was measured by determining the weight of the specimens before and after the cutting process. The surface roughness (SR) analysis was conducted to determine the average roughness (Ra) value. Taguchi method was utilized as an experimental layout to obtain MRR and Ra values. The results reveal that for the case of manual plasma arc cutting machining, the SR values are inversely proportional to the MRR values. The quality of the surface roughness depends on the dross peak that occurred during the cutting process.
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Book chapters on the topic "SR (Surface Roughness)"

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Roy, Supriyo, J. Paulo Davim, and Kaushik Kumar. "Optimization of Process Parameters Using Taguchi Coupled Genetic Algorithm." In Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch004.

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In the era of mass manufacturing, Material removal rate and Surface Roughness are of primary concern even in manufacturing using contemporary CNC machines. In this work, L27 Orthogonal Array of Taguchi method is selected for three parameters (Depth of cut, Feed and Speed) with three different levels to optimize the turning parameters for Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness on an EMCO Concept Turn 105 CNC lathe for machining SAE 1020 material with carbide tool. The MRR and SR are observed as the objective to develop the combination of optimum cutting parameters. The objectives were optimized using Taguchi, Grey Taguchi and NSGA-II. The result from these techniques was compared to identify the optimal values of cutting parameters for maximum MRR, minimum SR and best combination of both. This study also produced a predictive equation for determining MRR and SR for a given set of parameters outside the considered values. Thus, with the proposed optimal parameters it is possible to increase the efficiency of machining process and decrease production cost in CNC Lathe.
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Rajesh, R., M. Dev Anand, K. S. Jai Aultrin, and S. Raja. "OPTIMIZING EDM PROCESS PARAMETERS USING RSM METHOD LINKED WITH GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." In Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering Volume 3 Book 2. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfme2p5ch1.

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Electro discharge machining is as of late perceived as one of the adaptable assembling innovations to ensure less surface roughness and high rate of material removal all through machining of aluminum composite materials. This work portrays a preliminary examination of a full factorial plan completed on aluminum composite material with EDM process by separating the machining boundaries like Pinnacle current, Heartbeat On Time , Heartbeat Off Time, Discharge Voltage, Hole Width and Oil Strain. To assess the ideal cutting circumstances the machined opening amount boundaries analyzed include Surface Roughness (SR) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). System utilized is the multi objective optimization utilizing Demonstrating and reasonable reenactment strategy to assess the ideal cutting circumstances for creating deformity free machining. Aluminum composite material machinability boundaries were upgraded; utilizing ANN strategies trial information is gathered and tried. Executing Dark Engendering Calculation utilizing info and instrument type, the Multi-Layer Perception model has been made. Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate are yield boundaries of the machined parts on culmination of the exploratory test and ANN are associated with approving the outcomes developed and furthermore to decide the presentation of the framework under different circumstances inside the working reach.
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Dixit, Arvind Kumar, and Richa Awasthi. "EDM Process Parameters Optimization for Al-TiO2 Nano Composite." In Materials Science and Engineering. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch056.

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Titanium aluminide reinforced aluminium based metal matrix nano composite was prepared by stir casting route. Experiments were conducted with Cu electrode using L9 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi method. Discharge current (Lv), Pulse on time (Ton) and Flushing pressure (FP) are selected to calculate Metal removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR) and Surface roughness (SR) based on Taguchi's parameter design. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the observed values in the experiments were determined using MINITAB software for MRR, TWR and SR. PCR – TOPSIS method is used to optimize Taguchi's multi response. Optimum parameter setting is found at Discharge current (Lv) 10 A, Pulse on time (Ton) 150 µs and Flushing pressure (FP) 1 kg/cm2.
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Tripathy, Sasmeeta, and Deba Kumar Tripathy. "Optimization of Process Parameters for Silicon Carbide Powder Mixed EDM." In Non-Conventional Machining in Modern Manufacturing Systems. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6161-3.ch003.

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The present chapter deals with the investigations on the effect of process parameters like powder concentration (Cp), peak current (Ip), pulse-on-time (Ton), duty cycle (DC), and gap voltage (Vg) on output responses like material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), electrode wear ratio (EWR), surface roughness (SR), recast layer thickness (RLT), and micro-hardness (HVN) for PMEDM of H-11 hot work tool steel. Multi-objective optimization using grey relational analysis (GRA) has been implemented to identify the optimum set of input parameters to achieve maximum MRR and HVN with minimum TWR, EWR, SR, and RLT at the same time. Predicted results on verification with confirmation tests improve the preference values by 0.09468 with GRA. The recommended settings of process parameters is found to be Cp=6g/l, Ip=3Amp, Ton=100µs, DC=70%, and Vg=30V from GRA. The microstructures were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to find the presence of surface deformities and identify alterations on the surface in comparison to the base material.
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Ranjan, Chikesh, Hridayjit Kalita, B. Sridhar Babu, and Kaushik Kumar. "Application of Evolutionary Optimization Techniques Towards Non-Traditional Machining for Performance Enhancement." In Machine Learning Applications in Non-Conventional Machining Processes. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3624-7.ch011.

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Electro-chemical machining is a non-conventional machining method that is used for machining of very complicated shape. In this chapter an attempt has been made to carry out multi-objective optimization of the surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR) for the ECM process of EN 19 on a CNC ECM machine using copper electrode through evolutionary optimization techniques like teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) technique. The input parameters considered are electrolyte concentration, voltage, feed rate, inter-electrode gap. TLBO and BBO techniques were used to obtain maximum MRR and minimum SR. In addition, obtained optimized values were validated for testing the significance of the TLBO and BBO techniques, and a very small error value of MRR and SR was found. BBO outperformed TLBO in every aspect like less percentage error and better-optimized values; however, TLBO took less computation time than the BBO.
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M., Uthayakumar, Suresh Kumar S., Thirumalai Kumaran S., and Parameswaran P. "Evaluation of Electrical Discharge Machining Performance on Al (6351)–SiC–B4C Composite." In Non-Conventional Machining in Modern Manufacturing Systems. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6161-3.ch005.

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Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is a non-conventional machining process used for the material which are difficult to machine. In this research work, an attempt has been made to determine the influence of Boron Carbide (B4C) particles on the machinablity of the Al (6351) alloy reinforced with 5 wt. % Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) through EDM. Influence of machining parameters such as pulse current (I), pulse on time (Ton), duty factor (τ), and gap voltage (V) on affecting the output performance characteristics namely Electrode Wear Ratio (EWR), Surface Roughness (SR) and Power Consumption (PC) which are studied. The result shows that the addition of B4C particles significantly affects the machinablity of the composite, with a contribution of 1.6% on EWR, 3.5% on SR and 19.8% on PC. The crater, recast layer formation, and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) in the machined surface of the composite are also reported in detail.
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Patil, Dr Arun, and Dr Anil Wanare. "MODELING AND PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN CYLINDRICAL TRAVERSE CUT GRINDING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITE." In Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering Volume 3 Book 7. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bfme7p2ch2.

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Materials composed of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite (GFRP) are getting utilised more and more in fields of engineering. There have been significant progress in the manufacturing of such materials with outstanding levels of dimensional accuracy and exquisite finish. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine how the grinding variables infeed, longitudinal feed, and work speed affect SR in GFRP materials during traverse cut cylindrical grinding. The trial runs have been carried out using a full factorial approach. The impacted elements have been identified using main effect plots and the ANNOVA procedure. The modelling and optimisation of the grinding process to achieve the least amount of SR has been suggested employing RSM combined with a hybrid GA. The anticipated grinding situation has been validated with a confirmation test Materials composed of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite (GFRP) are getting utilised more and more in fields of engineering. There have been significant progress in the manufacturing of such materials with outstanding levels of dimensional accuracy and exquisite finish. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine how the grinding variables infeed, longitudinal feed, and work speed affect SR in GFRP materials during traverse cut cylindrical grinding. The trial runs have been carried out using a full factorial approach. The impacted elements have been identified using main effect plots and the ANNOVA procedure. The modelling and optimisation of the grinding process to achieve the least amount of SR has been suggested employing RSM combined with a hybrid GA. The anticipated grinding situation has been validated with a confirmation test..
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Zindani, Divya, Nadeem Faisal, and Kaushik Kumar. "Optimization of Process Parameters for Electro-Chemical Machining of EN19." In Handbook of Research on Green Engineering Techniques for Modern Manufacturing. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.ch008.

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Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-conventional machining process that is used for machining of hard-to-machine materials. The ECM process is widely used for the machining of metal matrix composites. However, it is very essential to select optimum values of input process parameters to maximize the machining performance. However, the optimization of the output process parameters and hence the machining performance is a difficult task. In this chapter an attempt has been made to carry out single and multiple optimization of the material removal rate (MRR) and the surface roughness (SR) for the ECM process of EN19 using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The input parameter considered for the optimization are electrolyte concentration (%), voltage (V), feed rate (mm/min), and inter-electrode gap (mm). The optimum value of MRR and SR as found using the PSO algorithm are 0.1847 cm3/min and 25.0612, respectively.
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Tiwari, Abhishek, Kaushik Kumar, and Supriyo Roy. "Sustainable Non Traditional Manufacturing Processes." In Strategic Management of Sustainable Manufacturing Operations. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0350-7.ch011.

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Sustainable operations strategy, an important field of research for engineering optimization, is posing an increasing challenge to operations managers. Sustainable operations can become a key to competitive advantage. Consequently, there is a need for research for the complex interfaces between the dimensions of sustainable operations strategy. The companies need to accommodate environmental demands, emphasized by media and government, along with social aspect in day to day operations for formulating strategies. Non-traditional manufacturing processes involves mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical energy or combinations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tools as required for traditional manufacturing processes. In this chapter a non-traditional machining process namely Electro chemical Machining (ECM) has been considered. Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) has been optimized using Taguchi, Grey Relation, Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm to achieve the best.
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Conference papers on the topic "SR (Surface Roughness)"

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Takacs, Peter Z., and Eugene L. Church. "Integrating Figure and Finish Measurements with Surface Profiling Instruments." In Surface Roughness and Scattering. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/surs.1992.stub3.

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Conventional figure measurement techniques are inadequate for testing aspheres for grazing incidence applications. Conventional techniques are best suited for optical components in the shape of flats, spheres, or conical surfaces of revolution, used mainly in normal incidence applications . These optics usually have their symmetry axis coincident with the local surface normal direction. Grazing incidence optics, on the other hand, are usually cylindrical, toroidal, or ellipsoidal in shape, with the symmetry axis intersection far outside the clear aperture. Such surfaces are not axisymmetric when viewed along their surface normals. They are highly anamorphic, having vastly different curvatures in the two directions parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis. It is extremely challenging to test these optical components during fabrication to insure that they indeed meet the specifications for figure and finish quality. It is because of the extreme difficulties involved in developing reliable tests with conventional interferometric techniques that we decided to use profiling techniques to characterize the figure and finish of synchrotron radiation (SR) optics.
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Singer, Gabriela, Shouxiang Mark Ma, Songhua Chen, and Mahmoud Eid. "2D Surface Roughness Quantification for Enhanced Petrophysical Applications." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210178-ms.

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Abstract Surface roughness is an essential rock parameter affecting petrophysical properties that are surface sensitive such as characterization of pore structure and wettability. For instance, Wenzel's contact angle formula for rough surfaces requires knowledge of the surface roughness, and surface roughness is expected to speed up aging of cores in crude oil for wettability restoration. In addition, proper quantification of surface roughness is critical for obtaining representative, roughness-independent, pore sizes for applications such as prediction of permeability and interpretation of capillary pressure curves. Intuitively, a surface is better characterized in 2D than in 1D. This 2D study is a continuation and enhancement of the previous 1D work, recently published in the SPE Journal (Ma et al., 2021). In this current paper, a comprehensive investigation of 1D versus 2D surface roughness measurements is conducted to evaluate and cross validate the two approaches. In this study, surface roughness is measured on 26 carbonate rock samples by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), where both the 1D absolute increment surface roughness, Sr, as well as 2D interfacial area ratio of surface roughness, Sdr, are reported. As expected, results indicate that surface roughness characterized by 2D Sdr has a greater dynamic range than the 1D Sr measurement, i.e., the 2D Sdr provides a more representative characterization of surface roughness. A detailed account of methodologies, assumptions, limitations, validation and applications of the 1D and 2D surface roughness characterization is documented in this paper. To extract the roughness features present on rock grain surfaces, effects of de-spiking and filter length, used to eliminate pore size effects, are investigated. For specific applications of surface roughness corrected pore size estimation from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, differences in length-scales of surface roughness are compared between LSCM measurement and that derived from NMR diffusion-T2 plus BET surface area. The surface roughness-corrected NMR pore-size distribution is also validated against the pore-size distribution obtained from measurement of micro-CT scanning.
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Balonji, Serge, Imhade Princess Okokpujie, and Lagouge Tartibu. "Parametric Analysis of ANFIS, ANFIS-PSO, and ANFIS-GA Models for the Prediction of Aluminum Surface Roughness in End-Milling Operation." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95418.

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Abstract Milling is one of the old and common cutting processes that utilize rotating tools to take materials off the main component with a combination of tools and workpiece movements. The texture of a machined surface is a key factor in defining how an essential component interacts with its environment. Trial-and-error machining to produce high-quality surfaces has been a time-consuming method that yields lower production and poor revenue. In this paper, the performances of an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model has been employed for the prediction of the surface roughness (SR) of a block of Aluminum alloy AI6061 machined on an end-mill CNC machine by varying four input settings namely: The spindle speed of rotation, the tool cutting rate, the radial depth, and the axial depth. The approach consisted of a parametric analysis carried out within each system to obtain the finest models for the prediction. The hybrids ANFIS-PSO and ANFIS-GA have been employed to find out which one, either PSO or GA, optimizes better ANFIS for the prediction of Al6061 SR. Their performances produced better results than the stand-alone ANFIS, with ANFIS-GA yielding the best results of the most negligible RMSE value of 0.01097 and the regression values of 0.9939 for training and 0.8102 for testing.
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Kumar, M. Pradeep, and N. Pragadish. "Performance Evaluation of Dry EDMed Aluminium Alloy." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51355.

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In this research work, experiments were conducted using Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) in dry and conventional mode, and the results were compared and analyzed. LM13 Aluminium alloy is used as the workpiece and pure cylindrical copper rod is used as the tool electrode. Since the machining was difficult in dry EDM, some modifications were made in the existing tool design to conduct the experiments in dry EDM. The experiments were designed using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. Discharge current (I), gap voltage (V), pulse on time (TON), pressure (P) and speed (N) were chosen as the various input parameters. Three levels of values were chosen for each input parameter, whereas speed was chosen as the fixed parameter. The variation in the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), surface morphology and elemental composition of the machined surface due to variation in the input parameters were analyzed in both dry and conventional mode. Better MRR, and surface roughness were observed in the work piece machined under conventional EDM process. The MRR is observed to be 84% more in the conventional mode when compared with dry EDM. Also, when compared to the dry EDM, about 15.33% better SR values is observed in the conventional EDM process.
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Guo, Li, Desong Fan, Qiang Li, and Yimin Xuan. "Thermal Radiative Properties of (La,Sr)MnO3 Thermochromic Coating Prepared by Sol-Gel Process." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6420.

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Thermochromic coating on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate was prepared by the sol-gel La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 nanoparticles and the binder composed of terpineol and ethyl cellulose. The surface morphology and the variable emittance properties of coating in the infrared range was evaluated from infrared reflectance spectra at various temperatures. LSMO nanoparticles with size 200 nm are obtained by the sol-gel process. The coating sample shows a thermochromic behavior with the rise of temperature. The emittance of coating increases from 0.62 at 173 K to 0.88 at 373 K. When the sample surface root-mean-square roughness is 122 nm, its emittance variation increases from 0.43 at 173 K to 0.73 at 373 K.
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6

Goyal, Tarun, R. S. Walia, T. S. Sidhu, and H. P. S. Sidhu. "Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters for Low-Pressure Cold Spray Coating Process Using Taguchi and Utility Concept." In ITSC 2012, edited by R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, et al. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0574.

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Abstract In this research work, an approach based on a Utility theory and Taguchi quality loss function (TQLF) has been applied to low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) process to deposit copper coatings, for simultaneous optimization of two potential response parameters i.e. coating thickness (CT) and surface roughness (SR). Utility values based upon these response parameters have been analyzed for optimization by using Taguchi approach. The selected input parameters of powder feeding arrangement, air stagnation pressure, air stagnation temperature and stand-off distance except substrate material, significantly improves the Utility function (raw data and S/N ratio) comprising of quality characteristics (coating thickness and surface roughness). The percentage contribution of the parameters to achieve a higher value of utility function is: stand-off distance (55.86%), air stagnation temperature (16.58%), air stagnation pressure (14.20%), powder feeding arrangement (5.12%) and substrate material (0.16%) respectively.
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7

Natarajan, Manikandan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, V. Kumar, PC Krishnamachary, Jothi Kiruthika, and Gowthami Kotapati. "Taguchi’s Approach to Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Magnesium Alloy AZ31B." In International Conference on Advances in Design, Materials, Manufacturing and Surface Engineering for Mobility. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0136.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the most common types of lightweight materials used in aerospace is magnesium alloy. It has a high strength-to-weight ratio and is ideal for various applications. Due to its corrosion resistance, it is commonly used to manufacture of fuselages. Unfortunately, the conventional methods of metal cutting fail to improve the performance of magnesium alloy. One amongst the most common methods used for making intricate shapes in harder materials is through Wire-Electro-Discharge (WEDM). In this study, we have used magnesium alloy as the work material. The independent factors were selected as pulse duration and peak current. The output parameters of the process are the Surface Roughness (SR) and the Material Removal Rate (MRR). Through a single aspect optimization technique, Taguchi was able to identify the optimal combination that would improve the effectiveness of the WEDM process. The findings of the experimentation revealed that the technique could significantly enhance the wire-cut process’s efficiency.</div></div>
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Kolli, Murahari, Devaraj Aruri, and Kumar Adepu. "Electrical Discharge Machining of SiC and Gr Reinforced 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Hybrid Composite Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64161.

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Aluminum based hybrid composites are advanced materials having the properties of high hardness, superior wear resistance, strength, high elevated temperature and low thermal expansion coefficient. These hybrid composites are widely used in industries like automobile and aerospace. In this present paper 6061-T6 Aluminum alloy reinforced with SiC and Gr particles, hybrid composites are fabricated by using Friction stir processing (FSP) technique. It prevents the further development of hybrid composites for machining by nonconventional methods like water jet and laser cutting process. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is used for machining the complex shapes of the material. This paper presents an overview of EDM studies conducted on the Al-SiC/Gr hybrid composites using a copper electrode in EDM. The EDM experiment machining parameters such as the dielectric fluid, peak current, pulse on, pulse off times are changed to explore their effects on machining performance, material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (SR). It is observed that the MRR and SR of the Al-SiC/Gr hybrid composites increase with an increase in the current.
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M. S. Ahmed, Athraa, Abd Ulrahman I. Jihad, Heba Saad Qasim, and Saad K. Shather. "Optimization of Wire EDM Parameters for Machining HSS (8X200) by using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)." In IX. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress9-25.

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When it comes to machining, manufacturers are always striving for the best possible outcomes. The improvement of the precision and productivity of material processing is the primary goal to enhance Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) parameters. Whether it's a fragile substance or one that conducts electricity, traditional approaches generally fall short. Maximizing the benefits of machining includes higher product quality, greater production efficiency, and lower production costs. Therefore, industries work hard to fine-tune the EDM settings. Within the scope of this investigation, HSS (8X200) wire EDM parameters are optimized. Finding the ideal machining settings that enhance surface roughness (SR), material removal rate (MRR), and cutting speed (CS) while maintaining economic feasibility is the goal. The Taguchi design parameter and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) are both utilized in this research. Machining parameters such as pulse on time, pulse off time, servo feed, and servo voltage can be designed, tested, and determined with the use of the Taguchi technique. GRA analyzes experimental data and determines optimal parameter values. In order to evaluate the quality of the machining, wire-cut machines measure SR, MRR, and CS. The settings are validated using the ANOVA. In the fifth experiment, the ideal HSS (8X200) wire EDM parameters were determined. According to the findings of the study, the factors that have the largest influence on SR, MRR, and CS are pulse on time (55.43%), servo feed (17.62%), pulse off time (14.13%), and servo voltage (12.82%).
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Puri, Y. M., and N. V. Deshpande. "Parametric Optimization of WEDM of High Chromium High Carbon Die Steel Using ANN." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14306.

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In this research, single pass cutting of HCHC (High Chromium High Carbon) die steel AISI D3 Grade has been used where material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are of primary importance. In general, achieving a high level cutting speed with a better surface finish is extremely difficult task because in wire cut electric discharge machining (WEDM), no particular parametric combination is expected to yield simultaneously in the best MRR and the best SR. Hence it can be considered as multi objective optimization problem. This research presents an attempt at multi objective optimization of the process parametric combinations by modeling the process using artificial neural network (ANN). A feed forward back propagation neural network based on matrix experimental design is developed to model the WEDM process. Based on the developed model, different response parameters are calculated for various input parameter setting. Finally they are compared to find out optimal combination of machining parameter setting. Electronica make EZEECUT PLUS model has been used for experimentation and a methodology has been suggested to determine the optimal combination of control parameters in WEDM. Research findings in the area of machining HCHC die steel through WEDM process will open up a new horizon and will certainly solve various challenging problems faced by the engineers and die makers in the field of modern manufacturing industry.
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