Dissertations / Theses: 'SRB'

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Blázquez, Ribas Enric. "Promoting autotrophic sulfate reduction and elemental sulfur recovery in bioelectrochemical systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667334.

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Les activitats industrials com són les industries papereres, farmacèutiques, minera, de processat d’aliments, etc. generen aigües residuals amb un alt contingut de sulfat. El sulfat com a tal no resulta altament perjudicial per a la salut, però si s’aboca en rius o sistemes de clavegueram, els microorganismes coneguts com bactèries reductores de sulfat (sulfate reducing bacteria, SRB) el poden transformar en sulfur d’hidrogen. El sulfur d’hidrogen és un compost que fa mala olor, és corrosiu i s’ha demostrat tòxic inclús a baixes concentracions. Per aquests motius el tractament d’efluents rics en sulfat és indispensable. A més a més, la recuperació de sofre elemental d’aquests efluents per poder ser reutilitzat com a fertilitzant o matèria primera a la indústria és una oportunitat de recuperació de recursos en el marc de l’economia circular. Els sistemes bioelectroquímics (bioelectrochemical systems, BES) són una tecnologia innovadora basada en l’habilitat d’alguns bacteris d’intercanviar electrons amb un elèctrode sòlid. Últimament, l’estudi dels BES s’ha focalitzat en el tractament d’aigües residuals i en la recuperació de productes gràcies a l’activitat dels microorganismes que colonitzen els elèctrodes. En aquesta tesi s’ha estudiat l’ús de BES per al tractament i recuperació de compostos de sofre, concretament, el tractament d’aquestes aigües residuals amb sulfat. El sistema permet la reducció de sulfat en un biocàtode mentre en l’ànode succeeix l’electròlisi d’aigua per generar el flux d’electrons necessari. Els microorganismes que colonitzen la superfície del càtode utilitzen l’hidrogen generat a partir dels electrons per transformar el sulfat en sulfur d’hidrogen. No obstant això, els resultats obtinguts han demostrat que gràcies a l’electròlisi de l’aigua que té lloc a l’ànode es produeix un flux d’oxigen cap al càtode que permet el creixement dels microorganismes capaços de produir sofre a partir del sulfur d’hidrogen, anomenats bacteris oxidants de sulfur (sulfide oxidising bacteria, SOB). Per tal de millorar l’eliminació de sulfat i la producció de sofre es va estudiar com el pH del compartiment del càtode i el potencial de càtode podien influir en el procés. Es va observar que el pH neutre (pH = 7) era més beneficiós ja que un pH àcid (pH = 5.5) podria inhibir l’activitat de les SRB i un pH bàsic (pH = 8.5) requeria de més energia per aconseguir resultats similars a causa de la limitació en la producció d’hidrogen a un pH elevat. En quant al potencial del càtode, es va poder observar que a menors potencials, major eliminació de sulfat, però a partir d’un potencial de -1.0 V vs. SHE, el sistema no podia augmentar la velocitat d’eliminació. A més a més, també s’ha estudiat el tractament d’aigua residual real procedent d’un sistema de dessulfuració de gasos de combustió. S’ha observat que amb l’aigua real l’eliminació de sulfat es reduïa, però en canvi la producció de sofre elemental augmentava. Finalment, com que el flux d’oxigen de l’ànode al càtode no es podia controlar amb els sistemes anteriors, s’han dissenyat dues noves configuracions per poder millorar la producció de sofre elemental. La primera ha consistit en l’addició d’una cel·la electroquímica per tal d’oxidar el sulfur d’hidrogen en l’ànode permetent el control del potencial i així poder-ne controlar la producció. La segona configuració ha consistit en l’addició d’una cel·la de combustible amb un càtode exposat a l’aire aprofitant la capacitat del sulfur d’hidrogen a ser oxidat en un ànode espontàniament i així produir energia en comptes de requerir-la en el procés d’oxidació.
Las actividades industriales tales como las industrias papeleras, farmacéuticas, minera, de procesado de alimentos, etc. generan aguas residuales con un alto contenido en sulfato. El sulfato como tal no resulta muy perjudicial para la salud, pero si se vierte en ríos o sistemas de alcantarillado, los microorganismos conocidos como bacterias reductoras de sulfato (sulfate reducing bacteria, SRB) lo pueden transformar en sulfuro de hidrógeno. El sulfuro de hidrógeno es un compuesto que huele mal, es corrosivo y se ha demostrado tóxico incluso a bajas concentraciones. Por estos motivos, el tratamiento de efluentes ricos en sulfato es indispensable. Además, la recuperación de azufre elemental de estos efluentes para poder ser reutilizado como fertilizante o materia prima en la industria es una oportunidad de recuperación de recursos en el marco de la economía circular. Los sistemas bioelectroquímicos (bioelectrochemical systems, BES) son una tecnología innovadora basada en la habilidad de algunas bacterias de intercambiar electrones con un electrodo sólido. Últimamente, el estudio de los BES se ha focalizado en el tratamiento de aguas residuales y en la recuperación de productos gracias a la actividad de los microorganismos que colonizan los electrodos. En esta tesis se ha estudiado el uso de BES para el tratamiento y recuperación de compuestos de azufre, concretamente, el tratamiento de estas aguas residuales con sulfato. El sistema permite la reducción de sulfato en un biocátodo mientras en el ánodo se produce la electrólisis del agua para generar el flujo de electrones necesario. Los microorganismos que colonizan la superficie del cátodo utilizan el hidrógeno generado a partir de los electrones para transformar el sulfato en sulfuro de hidrógeno. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que gracias a la electrólisis del agua que tiene lugar en el ánodo se produce un flujo de oxígeno hacia el cátodo que permite el crecimiento de microorganismos capaces de producir azufre a partir del sulfuro de hidrógeno, llamados bacterias oxidantes de sulfuro (sulfide oxidizing baceria, SOB). Para mejorar la eliminación de sulfato y la producción de azufre se estudió como el pH del compartimento del cátodo y el potencial de cátodo podían influir en el proceso. Se observó que el pH neutro (pH = 7) era más beneficioso ya que un pH ácido (pH = 5.5) podría inhibir la actividad de las SRB y un pH básico (pH = 8.5) requería más energía para conseguir resultados similares debido a la limitación en la producción de hidrógeno a un pH elevado. En cuanto al potencial del cátodo, se pudo observar que a menores potenciales, mayor eliminación de sulfato, pero a partir de un potencial de -1.0 V vs. SHE, el sistema no podía aumentar la velocidad de eliminación. Además, también se ha estudiado el tratamiento de agua residual real procedente de un sistema de desulfuración de gases de combustión. Se ha observado que con el agua real la eliminación de sulfato se reducía, pero en cambio la producción de azufre elemental aumentaba. Finalmente, dado que el flujo de oxígeno del ánodo al cátodo no se podía controlar con los sistemas anteriores, se han diseñado dos configuraciones nuevas para mejorar la producción de azufre elemental. La primera ha consistido en la adición de una celda electroquímica para oxidar el sulfuro de hidrógeno en el ánodo permitiendo el control del potencial y así poder controlar la producción. La segunda configuración ha consistido en la adición de una celda de combustible con un cátodo expuesto al aire aprovechando la capacidad del sulfuro de hidrógeno a ser oxidado en un ánodo espontáneamente y así producir energía en vez de requerirla en el proceso de oxidación.
Industrial activities such as paper, pharmaceutical, mining, food processing, etc. generate wastewater with high sulfate content. Sulfate as such is not very harmful to health, but if it is poured into rivers or sewage systems, the microorganisms known as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can transform it into hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a compound with bad odour, is corrosive and has been shown toxic at low concentrations. For these reasons, the treatment of sulfate-rich effluents is essential. In addition, the recovery of elemental sulfur from these effluents in order to be reused as fertilizer or raw material in the industry is an opportunity to recover resources in the framework of the circular economy. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are a novel technology based on the ability of some bacteria to exchange electrons with a solid electrode. Lastly, the study of the BES has focused on the treatment of wastewater and the recovery of products thanks to the activity of the microorganisms that colonize the electrodes. In this thesis, the use of BES for the treatment and recovery of sulfur compounds was studied, specifically, the treatment of these wastewaters with sulfate in a biocathode. The system allows the reduction of sulfate at a biocatode while at the anode electrolysis of water occurs to generate the necessary electron flow. The microorganisms that colonize the surface of the cathode use the hydrogen produced from the electrons to transform the sulfate into hydrogen sulfide. However, the results obtained showed that thanks to the water electrolysis that takes place at the anode an oxygen flow to the cathode is generated, allowing the growth of microorganisms capable of producing sulfur from hydrogen sulfide, called sulfide oxidizing bacteria (SOB). The influence of pH of the cathode compartment and the cathode potential was studied in order to improve sulfate removal and sulfur production. It was observed that neutral pH (pH = 7) was more beneficial since an acidic pH (pH = 5.5) could inhibit the activity of the SRB and a basic pH (pH = 8.5) required more energy to achieve similar results due to the limitation in the production of hydrogen at a high pH. Regarding the potential of the cathode, it could be observed that lower potentials led to greater sulfate removal rate, but from a potential of -1.0 V vs. SHE, the system could not increase the removal rate. In addition, the impact of real wastewater coming from a flue gas desulphurization system in the system was also studied. It was observed that with real water the sulfate removal decreased, however, the production of elemental sulfur increased. Finally, since the oxygen flow from the anode to the cathode could not be controlled with the previous systems, two new configurations were designed to improve the production of elemental sulfur. The first one consisted in the addition of an electrochemical cell to oxidize the hydrogen sulfide at the anode, allowing the control of the potential and thus controlling the production. The second configuration consisted in the addition of a fuel cell with a cathode exposed to the air taking advantage of the capacity of the hydrogen sulfide to be oxidized at an anode spontaneously and thus produce energy instead of requiring it in the oxidation process.

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CARVALHO, Péricles Rafael Pavão. "Medidas SRB para Atratores Hiperbólicos." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1735.

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This paper begins with the definition of SRB measures, and the introduction of several concepts in ergodic theory necessary for the development of the presented results. We prove the existence and uniqueness of SRB measures for uniformly expanding transformations in compact connected manifolds whose Jacobian is H¨older continuous. Then, we present the definition of hyperbolic sets, hyperbolic attractors and their respective fundamental properties. As a main result, we prove the existence of SRB measures for hyperbolic attractors contained in compact manifolds, and its uniqueness if the hyperbolic attractor is transitive. First, it is shown the existence of invariant measures absolutely continuous along the unstable foliation. Then, we note that the restriction of this measure over certain subsets have the SRB property. Using the transitivity of the hyperbolic attractor, it is shown that there exists a unique subset such that this restriction is an SRB measure. We conclude that the system supports a unique SRB measure.
Este trabalho inicia-se com a definição de medida SRB, e a apresentação de diversos conceitos da teoria ergódica importantes para o desenvolvimento dos resultados apresentados. É demonstrada a existência e unicidade de medidas SRB para transformações expansoras em variedades compactas e conexas cujo jacobiano é Holder. Em seguida, apresenta-se a definição de conjuntos hiperbólicos, atratores hiperbólicos e suas respectivas propriedades fundamentais. Como resultado principal, é demonstrada a existência de medidas SRB para atratores hiperbólicos, bem como sua unicidade para o caso de atratores hiperbólicos transitivos, ambos dentro de variedades compactas. Primeiramente, é mostrado que existem medidas invariantes absolutamente contínuas ao longo da folheação instável. Em seguida, verifica-se que a restrição desta medida sob determinados conjuntos possuem a propriedade SRB. Utilizando a transitividade do atrator hiperbólico, mostra-se que existe um único conjunto tal que esta restrição seja uma medida SRB. Conclui-se que o sistema admite uma única medida SRB.

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Bronzi, Marcus Augusto. "Tangências homoclínicas, entropia e medidas de SRB." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-13052010-141003/.

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Estudamos o efeito de uma tangência homoclínica na variação da entropia topológica. Provamos que um difeomorfismo com uma tangência homoclínica associada a uma peça básica com máxima entropia é um ponto de variação da entropia na topologia \'C POT. INFINITO\'. Além disso, discutimos o problema variacional na topologia \'C POT.1\' e apresentamos um exemplo de descontinuidade da entropia em dimensão três. Um resultado devido a Newhouse afirma que um difeomorfismo genérico sobre uma superfície com um conjunto homoclínico que contém uma tangência correspondente a um ponto periódico dissipativo, não pode ter medidas de SRB suportadas no conjunto homoclínico. Generalizamos este resultado para dimensões maiores, no caso em que a tangência homoclínica está associada com uma sela seccionalmente dissipativa
We study the effect of a homoclinic tangency in the variation of the topological entropy. We prove that a diffeomorphism with a homoclinic tangency associated to a basic hyperbolic set with maximal entropy is a point of entropy variation in the \'C POT THE INFINITE\' topology. We also discuss variational problem in \'C POT.1\' topology and we show an example of discontinuity of the entropy in dimension three. A result due to Newhouse states that a generic surface diffeomorphism with a homoclinic set containing a tangency associated to a dissipative periodic point, can not have SRB (Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen) measures supported on the homoclinic set. We generalize this result to higher dimensions, in the case where the homoclinic tangency is associated to a sectionally dissipative saddle

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Dall’Agnol, Leonardo Teixeira. "Deeper insights into SRB-driven biocorrosion mechanisms." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10424.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química Sustentável
Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is recognized as an important category of corrosion and represents one of the most challenging to study and prevent. In biocorrosion, Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are the best suited organisms because its ability to produce biogenic hydrogen sulphide. Still little is known about the mechanisms related to corrosion involving those microorganisms. In that regard, this thesis describes the analysis of the interactions, and its consequences, between Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774 and metal surfaces using electrochemistry, of surface analysis and biochemical techniques. The Open Circuit Potential (OCP) showed that the equilibrium of sulphide in the solution/gas phases is a key factor on determining the evolution of the corrosion process. Also it have been demonstrated that, although the trend in the behaviours remains, long measurements periods are necessary to avoid overestimations when dealing with biocorrosion. Our results also indicate that the nitrate injection strategy in oil fields has to be considered carefully as it can increase the uniform corrosion and the SRB population growth rate. High-throughput analysis techniques were used to characterize the surface of metal plates after incubation with SRB with different respiratory substrate. The precipitation of inorganic salts as calcium and phosphates, has been detected in the samples incubated in sulphate and could be related to iron dissolution areas in the metal surface. Also micropitting underneath the bacteria cells could be observed when the bacteria were incubated. In nitrate medium, a high concentration of precipitated chloride ions was observed on the surface which could be responsible for the enhanced corrosions rates observed. The Extracellular Polymeric Substance chemical composition corroborated the previous results regarding the iron uptake and the influence of phosphates and other functional groups in the corrosion process. The protein profile characterization has demonstrated heterogeneity of the expressed proteins depending on the respiratory substrate.
Project BIOCOR ITN, "People" Programme, under grant agreement n° 238579

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Balagafsheh, Pouya Mehdipour. "On the number of SRB measures for Surface Endomorphisms." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-30092014-101422/.

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Let f be a C2 local diffeomorphism, of a closed surface M without zero Lyapunov exponents. We have proved that the number of ergodic hyperbolic measures of f with SRB property is less than equal to the number of homoclinic equivalence classes. We use an adaptation of Katok closing lemma for endomorphisms and prove ergodic criterion, introduced in [HHTU], for endomorphisms. We also prove some folklore results on uniqueness of SRB measures, in the presence of topological transitivity
Seja f um endomorfismo C2 non-singular (difeomorfismo local), de uma superfície fechada M e µ uma medida probabilidade Borel f-invariante e ergódica com expoentes de Lyapunov Não nulo. Nós provamos que o número de medidas hiperbólicas com propriedade SRB é para f so menor ou igual ao número de classes equivalentes homoclínicos. Usamos uma adaptaão do closing lema de Katok por endomorfismos e provamos critrio ergódico, introduzido em [HHTU], para endomorfismos. Também provamos alguns resultados folclóricos em unicidade de medidas SRB, na presena de transitividade topológica vii

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Methvin, Rachel M. "Microbial Ecology of Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Premise Plumbing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32713.

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Great advances have been made in the last 100 years in the effort to provide safe and reliable potable water. Unfortunately, organisms surviving the water treatment process still cause illnesses in the population. Acanthamoebae are ubiquitous in the environment and are resistant to commonly used disinfection methods. In addition to being pathogenic on their own, Acanthamoeba spp. are capable of acting as a host to pathogenic bacteria in potable water. The amoebae provide the bacteria with protection from chemical and physical means of disinfection. In this way many pathogens that would otherwise be killed in the water treatment process survive and are capable of infecting water customers. Most likely due to experimental limitations discussed herein, the concentration of organic carbon in solution was not found to affect the number of Acanthamoeba polyphaga surviving within reactors designed to model residential water tanks. A copper ion concentration of 1.3 mg/L was determined to be an effective disinfectant against A. polyphaga trophozoites, while free chlorine at 10 mg/L and monochloramine at 50 mg/L were deemed effective against trophozoites. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are suspected to be causative agents in copper pitting corrosion. SRB have been found in tubercles covering pits in many homes experiencing pinhole leaks, but the mechanisms of the survival of these organisms in potable water systems are poorly understood. Nutrient studies conducted show that the absence of nitrogen in solution may encourage copper corrosion by SRB. In addition, a medium specifically designed to encourage SRB growth resulted in a large increase in copper corrosion as compared to the control water.
Master of Science

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Lee, Jae-Yong. "Expression, purification and interaction analysis of recombinant SRB proteins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407809.

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Clark, Melinda Erin. "Physiological Analysis of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough Under Conditions Relevant to the Subsurface Environment: Carbon and Energy Limitation and Biofilm Formation." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218999819.

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Cruz, Anderson Reis da. "Existência, unicidade e estabilidade de medidas SRB para endomorfismos não - uniformemente hiperbólicos." Instituto de Matemática. Departamento de Matemática, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/22837.

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Neste trabalho construímos medidas SRB (Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen) para difeomorfismos locais parcialmente hiperbólicos. A hiperbolicidade parcial será caracterizada pela existência de um campo de cones positivamente invariante satisfazendo uma condição de expansão não uniforme num conjunto de medida de Lebesgue positiva. Mostramos ainda que existem no máximo um número finito de medidas SRB e que, caso o difeomorfismo local seja transitivo, existe uma única medida SRB. Provamos a estabilidade estatística destas medidas, assumindo que vale a expansão não uniforme no campo de cones robustamente e com constantes uniformes. Finalmente, apresentamos exemplos de perturbações de endomorfismos de Anosov em que podemos aplicar nossos resultados

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Mantovani, Gabriel Elias. "Teoria não comutativa de integração e dinâmica hiperbólica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-02102013-104602/.

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Uma das caracterizações de medidas SRB é a de que a sua desintegração em relação as partições mensuráveis subordinadas as variedades instáveis são absolutamente continuas com respeito a medida Lebesgue nestas mesmas variedades. Este trabalho segue os passos de Segert [16] ao analisar a aplicabilidade da teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes ao estudo de medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos do tipo (M, f) com M uma variedade compacta e f um difeomorfismo \'C POT. 2\'. Nesta dissertação é realizada a demonstração do teorema da desintegração de Rokhlin utilizando o conceito de esperança condicional. É fornecida uma introdução a teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes. E apresenta-se uma injeção entre medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos e as medidas transversas definidas sobre este sistema
A characterization of SRB measures is that its disintegration in relation to measurable partitions subordinate to unstable manifolds is absolutely continous with respect to the Lesbesgue measures in the same manifolds. This work follows the footsteps of Segert [16] in the study of the applicability of the non commutative integration theory of Alain Connes to the analysis of SRB measures for hyperbolic dynamical systems of the type (M, f) with M a compact manifold and f a \'C POT. 2\' diffeomorphism. In this work the proof of Rokhlins disintegration theorem is presented using the concept of conditional expectation. An introduction to the theory of non commutative integration of Alain Connes is provided. Its shown the existence of a injection between SRB measures in hyperbolic dynamical systems and transverse measures defined on this system

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Chang, Ya-Wen. "The Ras/PKA pathway controls transcription of genes involved in stationary phase entry in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061214472.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 108 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Paul K. Herman, Dept.of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-108).

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徐立沖 and Lichong Xu. "Anaerobic corrosion of mild steel in seawater induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242546.

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Xu, Lichong. "Anaerobic corrosion of mild steel in seawater induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2327315x.

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Zhang, Peiyu. "Investigation of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Biocorrosion Mechanism and Its Mitigation Using an Antimicrobial Enhanced by a D-amino Acid." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1398770773.

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Stockton, Robert T. Alloway Diana J. "An analysis of the Navy's Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB) Management System and ROGER model." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FStockton.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Mehay, Stephen L. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-99). Also available in print.

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Alloway, Diana J. "An analysis of the Navy's Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB) Management System and ROGER model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4297.

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The Navy's Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB) Management System uses a model known as ROGER, which was developed as a Windows-based application in the mid 1990s to assist the Navy Enlisted Bonus manager in developing and analyzing SRB plans during the execution year. Substantial changes in the structure of the SRB program have led to increasing levels of predictive error in the model. Under-prediction of SRB Program costs by the model leads to over execution of the SRB budget, and necessitates the reprogramming of funds from other enlisted programs. The objective of this thesis is to assess the performance of the Navy's ROGER model, which is used to forecast the reenlistment behavior of sailors in Zones A, B, and C, and estimate the budget costs of the SRB Program. The thesis will assess the accuracy of the reenlistment-forecasting model and identify factors that lead to prediction errors. In addition, the thesis will analyze the role of ROGER in the SRB planning process, which involves Naval Personnel Command, Enlisted Community Management Branch (BUPERS-32), as well as the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV). Finally, the thesis will outline methods to improve the identification of the population of SRB-eligible sailors in all Zones and the predictive accuracy of the ROGER model.

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Rafida, Abdulsalam. "Removal of heavy metals in vertical flow biofilters conditioned with sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430633.

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Fu, Wenjie. "Investigation of Type II of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) Mechanism and Mitigation of MIC Using Novel Green Biocide Cocktails." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1374086997.

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D'Aoust, Patrick Marcel. "Stormwater Retention Ponds: Hydrogen Sulfide Production, Water Quality and Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Kinetics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35562.

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Stormwater retention basins are an integral component of municipal stormwater management strategies in North America. The province of Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change obligates land developers to implement stormwater management in their land use and development plans to mitigate the effects of urbanization (Bradford and Gharabaghi, 2004). When stormwater retention ponds are improperly designed or maintained, these basins can fail at improving effluent water quality and may exasperate water quality issues. Intense H2S production events in stormwater infrastructure is a serious problem which is seldom encountered and documented in stormwater retention ponds. This study monitored two stormwater retention ponds situated in the Riverside South community, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada for a period of 15 consecutive months to thoroughly characterize intense hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in a stormwater retention pond under ice covered conditions during winter operation and during periods of drought under non-ice covered conditions during the summer. Field experiments showed a strong relationship (p < 0.006, R > 0.58, n = 20+) between hypoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration < 2 mg/L) and the intense production of H2S gas. Ice-capping of the stormwater ponds during winter severely hindered reaeration of the pond and led to significant production of total sulfides in the Riverside South Pond #2 (RSP2), which subsequently resulted in the accumulation of total sulfides in the water column (20.7 mg/L) during winter in this pond. There was a perceived lag phase between the drop in DO and the increase in total sulfides near the surface, which was potentially indicative of slow movement of total sulfides from the benthic sediment into the water column. These high-sulfide conditions persisted in RSP2 from early January 2015 until the spring thaw, in mid-April, 2015. Riverside South Pond #1 (RSP1), the reference pond studied in this work, showed significantly less production of total sulfides across a significantly shorter period of time. Analysis of the microbial communities showed that there was little change in the dominant bacterial populations present in the benthic sediment of the pond demonstrating significant total sulfide production (RSP2) and the pond that did not demonstrate significant total sulfide production (RSP1). Additionally, it was found that locations with the most accumulated sediment had the highest propensity for the production of H2S gas. Furthermore, there was no perceivable community shift in the two ponds throughout the seasons, indicating that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in stormwater benthic sediment are ubiquitous, exist in an acclimatized microbial population and are robust. Study of the microbial abundances revealed that SRB represented approximately 5.01 ± 0.79 % of the microbes present in the benthic sediment of RSP2. Likewise, in the stormwater pond which did not experience intense H2S gas production, RSP1, 6.22 ± 2.11 % of microbes were of the SRB type, demonstrating that H2S gas production does not correspond to higher concentrations of SRB or the proliferation of dominant species, but rather is a symptom of increased bacterial activity due to favourable environmental conditions. In addition, this work also covers the kinetics of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), ammonification and sulfate-reduction, and attempts to understand the processes leading to H2S gas production events. In doing so, it was observed that kinetics obtained full-scale field studies were greater than in laboratory kinetic experiments. Laboratory experiments at 4°C identified total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction kinetics to be 0.023 g/m2/day, 0.027 g N/m2/day and 0.004 g S/m2/day, respectively. Meanwhile, kinetics calculated from the field study of stormwater retention ponds for total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction were of 0.491 g/m2/day, 0.120 g N/m2/day and 0.147 g S/m2/day, respectively. It is expected that this difference is due to the depth of active sediment influencing the total rates of production/consumption, making area-normalized daily rates of production/consumption (g/m2/day) unsuitable for the comparison of field and laboratory studies, without some scaling factor. This study also measured supplementary kinetic parameters such as the Arrhenius coefficients and the half-saturation coefficient, to add to existing knowledge of sulfate-reduction.

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Wen, Jie. "Investigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Biofilms and Its Mitigation Using Enhanced Biocides." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou151074099127686.

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21

Obata, Davi dos Anjos. "Ergodicité stable et mesures physiques pour des systèmes dynamiques faiblement hyperboliques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS488/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les sujets suivants :- la stabilité ergodique pour les systèmes conservatifs ;- la généricité de l'existence d'exposants positifs pour certains produits tordus avec fibres de dimension deux ;- rigidité des mesures $u$-Gibbs pour certains systèmes partiellement hyperboliques ;- la transitivité robuste.Nous donnons une preuve de la stabilité ergodique pour certains systèmes partiellement hyperboliques sans utiliser l'accessibilité. Ces systèmes ont été introduits par Pierre Berger et Pablo Carrasco, et ils ont les propriétés suivantes : ils possèdent une direction centrale bidimensionnelle ; ils sont non-uniformément hyperboliques avec un exposant positif et un exposant négatif le long de la direction centrale pour presque tout point, et la décomposition d'Oseledets n'est pas dominée.Dans un autre travail, nous donnons des critères de stabilité ergodique pour des systèmes ayant une décomposition dominée. En particulier, nous explorons la notion d'hyperbolicité par chaîne introduite par Sylvain Crovisier et Enrique Pujals. À l'aide de cette notion, nous donnons des critères explicites de stabilité ergodique et nous donnons quelques applications.Dans un travail commun avec Mauricio Poletti, nous prouvons que le produit aléatoire de difféomorphismes de surface conservatifs possède génériquement une région avec des exposants positifs. Nos résultats s'appliquent également aux produits tordus plus généraux.Nous étudions également les perturbations dissipatives de l'exemple de Berger-Carrasco. Nous classifions toutes les mesures $u$-Gibbs qui peuvent apparaître dans un voisinage de l'exemple. Dans ce voisinage, nous prouvons que toute mesure $u$-Gibbs est soit l'unique mesure SRB du système, soit la désintégration dans le feuilletage central est atomique. Dans un travail commun avec Pablo Carrasco, nous prouvons que cet exemple est robustement transitif (en fait robustement topologiquement mélangeant)
In this thesis we study the following topics:-stable ergodicity for conservative systems;-genericity of the existence of positive exponents for some skew products with two dimensional fibers;-rigidity of $u$-Gibbs measure for certain partially hyperbolic systems;-robust transitivity.We give a proof of stable ergodicity for a certain partially hyperbolic system without using accessibility. This system was introduced by Pierre Berger and Pablo Carrasco, and it has the following properties: it has a two dimensional center direction; it is non-uniformly hyperbolic having both a positive and a negative exponent along the center for almost every point, and the Oseledets decomposition is not dominated.In a different work, we find criteria of stable ergodicity for systems with a dominated splitting. In particular, we explore the notion of chain-hyperbolicity introduced by Sylvain Crovisier and Enrique Pujals. With this notion we give explicit criteria of stable ergodicity, and we give some applications.In a joint work with Mauricio Poletti, we prove that the random product of conservative surface diffeomorphisms generically has a region with positive exponents. Our results also hold for more general skew products.We also study dissipative perturbations of the Berger-Carrasco example. We classify all the $u$-Gibbs measures that may appear inside a neighborhood of the example. In this neighborhood, we prove that any $u$-Gibbs measure is either the unique SRB measure of the system or it has atomic disintegration along the center foliation. In a joint work with Pablo Carrasco, we prove that this example is robustly transitive (indeed robustly topologically mixing)

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Zhao, Kaili. "Investigation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) and Biocide Treatment in Anaerobic Salt Water and Development of A Mechanistic MIC Model." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3340311.

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23

Hirasawa, Julia Sumiko. "Avaliação da metanogênese e sulfetogênese na presença de oxigênio, sob diferentes relações etanol/sulfato, utilizando técnicas de biologia molecular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-25062008-142053/.

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Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização microbiana, por meio de técnicas de biologia molecular, do lodo granulado de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo (UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor) operado sob condições mesofílicas (30 \'+ OU -\' 2ºC) e sulfetogênicas, com (TDH) de 12 h, na presença de 3,0 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido. Essa caracterização foi realizada no lodo granulado proveniente da manta inferior (P1) e superior (P2) do UASB. O reator UASB de 10,5 L foi alimentado com meio basal Zinder acrescido de solução de vitaminas, metais traços e bicarbonato de sódio (10%). O meio foi preparado diariamente com água de abastecimento público, pH 7-8. Etanol e sulfato de sódio foram utilizados como fonte orgânica e de enxofre, respectivamente. Nestas condições, foram estudadas três diferentes relações de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO)/sulfato (3,0, 1,6 e 2,0). A análise de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) demonstrou que houve predomínio de arquéias metanogênicas, detectadas com a sonda ARC915, em todas as condições operacionais, com médias iguais a 75,9, 77,1 e 85,4% em P1 e 78,6, 73,4 e 83,1% em P2, respectivamente. Methanosaeta sp. foi a arquéia metanogênica acetoclástica predominante confirmada também por seqüenciamento da banda recortada do gel de DGGE (eletroforese em gel de cadeia desnaturante), com similaridade de 96%. As bactérias (sonda EUB338) variaram de 9,6 a 36,2% e de 15,5 a 37,4% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. As bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), detectadas com a sonda SRB385, variaram de 7,9 a 10,8% e de 8,7 a 19,8% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. Outros microrganismos identificados foram Shewanella sp. e Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51, e a bactéria redutora de sulfato Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. A distribuição do tamanho dos grânulos não sofreu mudança significativa no decorrer dos ensaios. Grânulos de 2 a 3 mm, que geralmente representam biomassa ativa no reator, contou com média de 76% do total quantificado; enquanto, grânulos de 1 a 2 mm, os quais sugerem que novos grânulos estavam sendo formados representaram 17% no reator UASB. As concentrações médias de metano e sulfeto no biogás foram iguais a 33 e 1,5 \'mü\'mol/ mL, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram que a presença de oxigênio, na concentração aplicada, não afetou severamente o metabolismo dos microrganismos comumente considerados estritamente anaeróbios. Esse fato foi evidenciado também pelo valor do potencial redox obtido que se manteve aproximadamente constante em -208 mV, mesmo na presença de oxigênio. As eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica (DQO) e redução de sulfato também alcançaram resultados favoráveis, com médias superiores a 74%.
A microbial characterization of granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was carried out by molecular biology techniques. The reactor with 1,5 L of volume was operated with HRT of 12 h under mesophilic (30 \'+ OR -\' 2ºC) and sulfidogenic conditions, in the presence of 3.0 \'+ OR -\' 0.7 mg \'O IND.2\'/L. The granular sludge samples were withdrawn from the bottom (P1) and upper (P2) parts of the reactor. The synthetic substrate used in the reactor feeding was composed by Zinder basal medium in addition with a solution of vitamins, trace metal and sodium bicarbonate (10%). The Zinder basal medium was prepared daily with tap water with pH value varying from 7 to 8. Concentrations of ethanol and sodium sulfate were applied as organic and sulfur sources, respectively. Three different COD/sulfate ratios (3,0, 1,6 and 2,0) were evaluated in these conditions. The fluorescent in situ hibridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated the predominance of methanogenic archaea, detected by ARC915 specific probe, in all the operational conditions, with mean values of 75.9%, 77.1% and 85.4% in P1 and 78.6%, 73.4% and 83.1% in P2. The sequencing of the excised band of DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) showed similarity of 96% with the acetoclastic archaea Methanosaeta sp. The bacterial community (EUB338 probe) varied from 9.6% to 36.2% in P1 and from 15.5% to 37.4% in P2. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), detected by SRB385 probe, varied from 7.9% to 10.8% and from 8.7% to 19.8% in P1 and P2, respectively. Other identified microorganisms were Shewanella sp. and Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 bacteria, and the sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. Granule-size distribution did not significantly change during the assays. Granules of size varying from 2 mm to 3 mm, that generally represent the active biomass inside the reactor, accounted for 76% of the total quantified percentage; while, granules of size varying from 1 mm to 2 mm, that suggest the formation of new granules in the reactor, presented mean percentage of 17% of the total. The mean produced concentrations of methane and sulfide in the reactor were equal to 33 \'mü\'mol/mL and 1.5 \'mü\'mol/mL of biogas, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the applied oxygen concentration did not severely affect the metabolism of the strictly anaerobic microorganisms. This fact was evidenced by the obtained result of the oxidation-reduction potential that remained equal to -208 mV, even in the presence of oxygen. The mean removal efficiencies of organic matter (COD) and sulfate also achieved favourable results with values higher than 74%.

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24

Lyew, Darwin J. "The characterization of physical parameters of a gravel bed reactor used for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42086.

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The treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been reported in the literature as a possible alternative to chemical treatment. The overall objective of this study was to implement such a treatment process at the mine site and specifically within the open mine pit itself. The first step of this study was to characterize process parameters. To accomplish this, a reactor was designed and built to simulate hydrodynamic conditions found in the mine pit. This reactor contained a 6$ sp{ prime prime}$ deep gravel bed in which a mixed population of SRB was inoculated. The operation of this reactor demonstrated that treatment of a continuous flow of AMD by SRB was possible, however, the response to changes in the composition of the AMD and to flow conditions was limited. The results indicated that further studies should be directed at the gravel bed itself since this was where the SRB are located and is the active site within the system.
The role of various physical parameters of a gravel bed in the biological treatment of AMD by SRB was examined. This was accomplished by using gravel of different sizes (0.25$ sp{ prime prime}$ vs. 0.5$ sp{ prime prime})$ and composition (granite vs limestone) to form 12$ sp{ prime prime}$ beds in a series of column reactors. The difference in size results in variations in the total surface area, the void volume and various volume ratios within the system. The effect of potential geological buffering by limestone was examined by using and comparing with beds composed of granite.
The gravel beds were inoculated with a mixed culture of SRB and overlaid with 6 L of AMD. After the SRB were established, a series of experiments were performed in which 16.7%, 25%, 75% and 100% of the water column was replaced with an equivalent quantity of fresh AMD. Changes in pH, ORP, electric conductivity, and concentrations of metal and sulfate were monitored for at least 28 days. Sulfate and metal removal at days 7 and 28 of each experiment were compared. The SRB can tolerate a wide range of disturbances, however, an increase in the load of fresh AMD decreased the performance of the system. The results indicated that the total surface area is of greater importance than the void volume in the overall treatment process by SRB.
A dimensionless number was constructed to describe the relationships between the physical parameters of the gravel bed. A plot of the proportion of sulfate removed and this dimensionless number could provide essential information for the sizing of a gravel bed for the purposes of sulfate reduction. This was done for each type of gravel and comparison of the two curves indicated that there was no significant difference between the two gravels.
The importance of the physical substrate for the SRB has been reported in the literature. However, no known attempt has been made to quantify the relationships between the physical parameters and the biological activity. Such information would be useful for the sizing of wetlands and other passive treatment system that uses SRB activity for the purposes of treating AMD. This study is a step towards filling this void.

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Lyew, Darwin J. "The characterization of physical parameters of a gravel bed reactor used for the treatment of acid mine drainage, AMD, by sulfate reducing bacteria, SRB." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30328.pdf.

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Vigneron, Adrien. "Diversité phylogénétique et fonctionnelle des communautés microbiennes incultivées des sédiments marins de la marge de Sonora, Bassin de Guaymas (Golfe de Californie)." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0072/document.

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Au niveau des marges continentales, et plus particulièrement dans des zones dites d'émissions de fluides froids, des communautés microbiennes et animales complexes se développent localement à la surface des sédiments. Ces communautés utilisent pour leur croissance des composés chimiques réduits (H2S, Méthane, CO2 ...), contenus dans un fluide à basse température, percolant à travers les sédiments et issus de phénomènes géologiques et de divers processus microbiens. Afin d'étudier la diversité des communautés microbiennes associées à ces écosystèmes ainsi que leur rôle dans l'environnement, et d'appréhender les paramètres environnementaux influençant la distribution et l'écophysiologie de ces communautés, des sédiments de surface (0-20 cm) mais également plus profonds (<9 mbsf) ont été prélevés au niveau de la Marge de Sonora. Les communautés microbiennes présentes ont été étudiées par diverses approches de biologie moléculaire, de mise en culture et de microscopie. Ce travail de recherche a permis : i) de déterminer la structure et la diversité des communautés microbiennes métaboliquement actives dans ces sédiments, ii) de mettre en évidence des écophysiologies différentes entre les acteurs du cycle du méthane (méthanogènes, ANMEs, SRB), prépondérant dans cet écosystème et iii) de découvrir la présence de nouvelles lignées et fonctions microbiennes dans les sédiments de zones d'émission de fluides froids des marges continentales
At continental margins, and more particularly in cold seep areas, microbial and animal communities were locally detected at the surface of the sediments. These communities grow using reduced chemical compounds (H2S, Methane, COZ ...) contained in the percolated cold fluids and produced by both geological and microbial processes. ln order to study microbial community diversity in these ecosystems and their role in the environment as well as to understand the environmental factors influencing the distribution and ecophysiology of these communities, surface (0-20 cmbsf) but also deeper (<9 mbsf) sediments were collected at the Sonora Margin. Microbial communities have been studied using various molecular, cultural and microscopy approaches. This research allowed: i) to determine the structure and diversity of metabolically active microbial communities in sediments, ii) to highlight different ecophysiologies for methane cycling microorganisms (methanogens, ANME, SRB) and iii) to discover the presence of new microbial lineages and functions in the cold seeps sediments of the continental margins

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Kinali, Cansu, and Gönul Yasar. "Belöningssystem och motivation : - En jämförelse inom banksektorn." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19186.

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Belöningssystem används av många företag i syfte att rekrytera och behålla kompetent personal. Humankapital har blivit allt viktigare inom företag, därmed har det blivit allt viktigare att motivera anställda att arbeta i enlighet med företagets övergripande mål. En del forskning visar att belöningssystemet har positiv effekt på motivationen. Bankernas belöningssystem, i form av bonusar och andra förmåner, har lett till en hel del publikationer. Därmed blir det intressant att undersöka om belöningssystemet är en motivation för dem bankanställda. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om kundtjänstmedarbetare på SEB respektive Handelsbanken upplever att de motiveras av det belöningssystem som finns och hur respektive chef uppfattar detta ur medarbetarnas perspektiv. Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsansats. Underlag för analys samlades in med hjälp av intervjuer och enkäter som de anställda fick svara på inom respektive bank. Det författarna kommit fram till i slutsatsen är att belöningssystemet för respektive bank uppfattas olika av medarbetarna och därmed blir de motiverade olika mycket. En trolig teori till detta ges av författarna utförligt i slutsatsen.

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Robin, Yoann. "Transport optimal pour quantifier l'évolution d'un attracteur climatique et corriger ses biais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS071/document.

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Le système climatique génère un attracteur étrange, décrit par une distribution de probabilité, nommée la mesure SRB (Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen). Cette mesure décrit l'état et sa dynamique du système. Le but de cette thèse est d'une part de quantifier les modifications de cette mesure quand le climat change. Pour cela, la distance de Wasserstein venant de la théorie du transport optimal, permet de mesurer finement les différences entre distributions de probabilités. Appliquée à un modèle jouet de Lorenz non autonome, elle a permis de détecter et quantifier l'altération due à un forçage similaire à celui du forçage anthropique. La même méthodologie a été appliquée à des simulations de scénarios RCP du modèle de l'IPSL. Des résultats cohérents avec les différents scénarios ont été retrouvés. D'autre part, la théorie du transport optimal fournit un contexte théorique pour la correction de biais dans un contexte stationnaire : une méthode de correction de biais est équivalente à une loi jointe de probabilité. Une loi jointe particulière est sélectionnée grâce à la distance de Wasserstein (méthode Optimal Transport Correction, OTC). Cette approche étend les méthodes de corrections en dimension quelconque, corrigeant en particulier les dépendances spatiales et inter-variables. Une extension dans le cas non-stationnaire a également été proposée (méthode dynamical OTC, dOTC). Ces deux méthodes ont été testées dans un contexte idéalisé, basé sur un modèle de Lorenz, et sur des données climatiques (une simulation climatique régionale corrigée avec des ré-analyses SAFRAN)
The climate system generates a strange attractor, described by a probability distribution, called the SRB measure (Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen). This measure describes the state and dynamic of the system. The goal of this thesis is first, to quantify the modification of this measure when climate changes. For this, the Wasserstein distance, stemming from the optimal transport theory, allows us determine accurately the differences between probability distributions. Used on a non-autonomous Lorenz toy model, this metric allows us to detect and quantify the alteration due to a forcing similar to anthropogenic forcing. This methodology has been applied to simulation of RCP scenarios from the IPSL model. The results are coherent with different scenarios. Second, the optimal transport gives a theoretical context for stationary bias correction: a bias correction method is equivalent to a joint probability law. A specific joint law is selected with the Wasserstein distance (Optimal Transport Correction method, OTC). This approach allows us extending bias correction methods in any dimension, correcting spatial and inter-variables dependences. An extension in the non-stationary context has been also developed (dynamical OTC method, dOTC). Those two methods have been tested in an idealized case, based on a Lorenz model, and on climate dataset (a regional climate simulation corrected with respect to the SAFRAN reanalysis)

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Almeida, Kelly Yaeko Miyashiro de. "Efeito de surfactantes na estimativa da densidade bacteriana em amostras de petróleo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6544.

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Foi examinado o efeito dos surfactantes polisorbato 60 (Tween 60), polisorbato 80 (Tween 80), brometo de cetil trimetil amônio (CTAB) e lauril sulfato de sódio (SDS) na estimativa da densidade de Bactérias Redutoras de Sulfato (BRS) e Bactérias Anaeróbias Heterotróficas Totais (BANHT) em amostras de petróleo. Para a realização dos experimentos, foram selecionadas três amostras com diferentes proporções de óleo e água de forma a representar amostras reais. A primeira amostra contém uma alta proporção de óleo, a segunda uma proporção média e a última amostra uma baixa proporção de óleo. A densidade bacteriana foi estimada através do método do Número Mais Provável (NMP). As concentrações dos surfactantes empregadas neste estudo foram estabelecidas através de estudo anterior. Os resultados demonstram que nas amostras com alta e média proporção de óleo, a adição dos surfactantes não foi favorável a um aumento na quantificação de BRS. Por outro lado, o Tween 60 e o Tween 80 mostraram um aumento significativo na quantificação de BANHT quando aplicados na concentração de 0,01% e 0,03% m/v, respectivamente. O CTAB favoreceu o crescimento de BRS e BANHT na amostra com baixa proporção de óleo quando sua concentração foi de 0,001% m/v e 0,0001% m/v, respectivamente
The effect of the surfactants (Tween 60), polyoxyethylene monooleate (Tween 80), cetyl, trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the estimation of bacterial density (sulfate reducing bacteria SRB and General Anaerobic Bacteria GanB) was examined in the petroleum samples. In order to carry out the experiments, we selected three different mixtures of oil and water to be representative of the real samples. The first one contains a high proportion of oil, the second contains a medium proportion and the last one contains a low proportion. The most probable number (MPN) was used to estimate the bacterial density. The concentrations of the surfactants used in this work were determined in a previous study. The results showed that the addition of surfactants did not improve the SRB quantification for the high or medium proportion of oil of the petroleum samples. On other hand, Tween 60 and Tween 80 showed a significantly increase on the GanB quantification when their concentrations were 0.01% and 0.03% m/v, respectively. CTAB increased the SRB and GanB estimation for the low proportion of oil of the petroleum sample when its concentration was 0.001% and 0.0001% m/v, respectively

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Mello, Luiz Antonio de Oliveira. "Uso de materiais lígneo-celulósicos, como fonte de carbono para bactérias redutoras de sulfato, na remoção de metais pesados." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7384.

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Quando as wetlands alcançam a máxima capacidade de tratamento para remover metais pesados, a remoção ainda pode ocorrer por precipitação na forma de sulfetos devido a redução biológica de sulfato. Para alcançar este objetivo, devem ser promovidas condições anaeróbias, uma fonte de sulfato deve existir e uma fonte adequada de carbono/energia deve estar presente. No presente trabalho, a macroalga Sargassum filipendula e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (materiais lígneo-celulósicos) foram selecionados como fontes de carbono, devido ao seu acentuado conteúdo de compostos orgânicos de degradação lenta e serem resíduos de alta disponibilidade. Experimentos foram simultaneamente conduzidos em operação contínua em duas colunas (0,5 L cada), uma contendo a macroalga e/ou bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e a outra contendo os materiais inoculados com um lodo anaeróbio. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a remoção de cádmio e zinco, devido à presença deles em efluentes de operações de mineração/metalurgia. Os ensaios foram realizados sob três diferentes condições experimentais no que se refere à quantidade de lodo anaeróbio inoculado no reator e o material empregado como fonte de carbono/energia. Os resultados indicaram que o reator inoculado foi capaz de tratar o efluente mais eficientemente que o reator não inoculado, considerando o período dos testes
When wetlands reach maximum treatment capacity to remove heavy metals, removal can still take place through precipitation as sulphides, due to biological reduction of sulphate. To achieve this goal, anaerobic conditions must be attained, a sulphate source must exist, and an adequate carbon/energy source must be present. In the present work, the seaweed Sargassum filipendula and sugarcane bagasse (ligneous-cellulosic materials) have been selected as carbon sources, due to their high content of slow degradation organic compounds and high availability as waste materials. Experiments were simultaneously conducted in continuous operation in two columns (0.5 L each), one containing the seaweed and/or sugarcane bagasse and another containing the materials inoculated with an anaerobic sludge. In this work, the removal of cadmium and zinc was studied, due to their presence in effluents from mining/metallurgy operations. The rehearsals were accomplished under three different experimental conditions in what refers to the amount of anaerobic mud inoculated in the reactor and employed material as carbon/energy source. The results obtained indicated that the inoculated reactor was able to treat the effluent more efficiently than the non inoculated reactor, considering the time-course of the tests

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Zhang-Sun, Wei. "Relation structure-activité des lipopolysaccharides isolés des bactéries sulfato-réductrices de la flore intestinale chez le sujet sain et diabétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T082.

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Des études ont récemment mis en évidence le rôle des lipopolysaccharides (LPS) des bactéries à Gram négatif de la flore intestinale dans le processus de l’inflammation conduisant à l’obésité et au diabète de type 2.Le présent travail est réalisé dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre les équipes du Dr. Caroff (U. Paris-Sud, Orsay) et du Pr. Zhao (U. Jiao Tong, Shanghai). Les expériences présentées ont été réalisées lors de séjours dans les deux laboratoires.Il a été démontré en Chine que des bactéries Sulfato-réductrices (SRB) à Gram négatif étaient présentes en plus forte proportion dans la flore intestinale chez les souris suivant un régime gras. Les mêmes résultats ont été observés chez l'homme. L’hypothèse selon laquelle des SRB seraient à l’origine de grandes quantités d’endotoxines chez les obèses et les patients diabétiques a été émise. Plusieurs souches de SRB isolées de la flore intestinale humaine d’un sujet sain et d’un sujet diabétique ont été cultivées en Chine. Des études de relation structure/activité des LPS isolés de ces bactéries ont été réalisées dans le laboratoire Français pour déterminer leur rôle dans le développement des maladies métaboliques. Les souches isolées des deux sujets ont pu être classées dans le genre Desulfovibrio. Les LPS correspondants ont été extraits et purifiés par des méthodes mises au point dans l’équipe d’Orsay. La structure chimique a été élucidée par les méthodes suivantes : Electrophorèse, Chromatographie sur couche mince, Chromatographie en phase gazeuse et Spectrométrie de masse MALDI. C’est ainsi que des spectres de masse ont été obtenus et que la structure des lipides A, principes actifs des LPS, isolés de SRB a été décrite pour la première fois. Les activités biologiques testées (TNFα, IL-6) varient en fonction du nombre d’acides gras présents. Les LPS de SRB du patient sain ont une structure variable (Smooth versus Rough) en fonction de la quantité de fer présent dans le milieu, et ceux isolés du patient diabétique présentent des structures atypiques qui ne sont pas toutes inflamogènes. Une molécule membranaire inconnue, que nous avons nommée « Glycosyl’X » était co-extraite avec les LPS. Elle joue apparemment un rôle important dans la croissance des SRB et a été étudiée après des étapes de purification complexes. Les structures et le pouvoir inflammatoire de ces molécules dont la structure varie avec les souches, et qui chélatent le fer, ont été étudiées. Elles sont de nature principalement osidique et fixées à la membrane. La proportion de ces molécules par rapport aux LPS varie avec la quantité de fer disponible dans le milieu. Un milieu riche en fer favorise la croissance des Desulfovibrio portant les Glycosyl’X qui n’ont pas de pouvoir inflammatoire eux-mêmes, mais entrent en compétition avec les LPS, modulant ainsi indirectement l’activité de ces derniers. L’augmentation du nombre de Desulfovibrio conduisant à l’augmentation des molécules Glycosyl’X pourrait aussi moduler positivement (par présentation) ou négativement (par élimination des bactéries) l’adsorption du fer dans les intestins dont l’équilibre est essentiel pour l’homéostasie métabolique.Par ailleurs, la croissance des Desulfovibrio augmente la production d’Hydrogène Sulfuré connu pour son action délétère sur les cellules. Nous favorisons l’hypothèse selon laquelle son action sur la disjonction des cellules épithéliales permettrait le passage des différents LPS relargués par la flore Gram-négative intestinale, et même des bactéries entières, vers la circulation sanguine
Recent studies have highlighted the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the intestinal flora (gut microbiota) which could contribute to the inflammation process leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes. This thesis is part of a collaborative project between the laboratories of Dr. Caroff (U. Paris -Sud, Orsay, France) and Prof. Zhao (U. Jiao Tong , Shanghai, China). It has been shown by Pr.Zhao’s team in 2010 that the Sulfate -Reducing Bacteria (SRB) were presented in greater proportion in the intestinal mice flora following a fat diet compared to mice following a normal diet. The same results were observed in humans. The starting hypothesis was that SRB could produce a large amount of endotoxin in obese and diabetic patients and play a role in the development of metabolic diseases. Several SRB strains isolated from the human intestinal flora of a healthy subject and of a diabetic subject were grown in the Chinese laboratory. Studies of their LPS structure / activity relationships were carried out in the French laboratory. The aim of this study was to determine their roles in the development of metabolic diseases.Strains isolated from the two subjects could be classified in the Desulfovibrio genus. The corresponding LPS were extracted and purified by the methods developed in the French laboratory. The chemical structure was elucidated by the following methods: Electrophoresis, Thin layer chromatography, Gas chromatography and MALDI mass spectrometry. The mass spectra were obtained and the structure of lipid A, the active part of LPS isolated from SRB was described here for the first time. The biological activities test (TNFα, IL-6) vary depending on the number of fatty acids present in their lipid A structure. The LPS of SRB isolated from the healthy patient had a variable structure (Smooth versus Rough) depending on the amount of iron present in the medium, and those isolated from diabetic patients had atypical structures are not all inflamogenic .An unknown membrane molecule, which we named "Glycosyl'X" was co-extracted with the LPS. It apparently plays an important role in the growth of SRB was investigated after complex purification steps. The structures and the inflammatory power of these molecules variying with strains chelating iron were studied. They are mainly of glycosidic nature and linked to the bacterial membrane.The proportion of these molecules relatively to LPS varies with the amount of iron in the medium. An environment rich in iron promotes the growth of Desulfovibrio Glycosyl'X, molecules but competes with LPS and indirectly modulates the activity of the latter. The increase number of Desulfovibrio leading to increased Glycosyl'X molecules may also modulate positively (by presentation) or negatively (by killing bacteria) the absorption of iron in the intestines which balance is essential for metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore, the growth of Desulfovibrio increasing the production of Hydrogen Sulfide is known for its deleterious effects on the cells. We favor the hypothesis that its action on the separation of epithelial cells favors the passage of different LPS released by the Gram- negative of intestinal flora and even whole cell bacteria into the bloodstream

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Prithiraj, Alicia. "Corrosion behaviour of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys exposed to sulphate - reducing bacteria in industrial heat exchangers." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/433.

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M.Tech. (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology
Corrosion responses of some carbon steels, stainless steel and copper alloys in the presence of a culture of bacteria (referred to as SRB-Sulphate-reducing bacteria) found in industrial heat exchangers, was studied to recommend best alloys under this service condition, with techno-economic consideration. Water from cooling towers in three plants in a petrochemical processing complex were analysed for SRB presence. Two of the water samples showed positive indication of SRB presence. The mixed cultures obtained from plant one were grown in prepared media and incubated at 35 °C for 18 days. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies in anaerobic conditions were done on the selected alloys in aqueous media with and without the grown SRB. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were then used to study the corrosion morphology and corrosion products formation. The voltamograms show higher icorr for alloys under the SRB compared to the control media, indicating the SRB indeed increased the corrosion rates. The surface analysis showed pitting on steel alloy ASTM A106-B. Localised attack to the grain boundaries on a selective area, was seen on ASTM A516-70 dislodging the grains, and intergranular corrosion was seen throughout the exposed area of ASTM A179. Copper alloys showed pitting on ASTM B111 grade C71500 (70-30), and denickelification on ASTM B111 grade C70600 (90-10), and is a good alternative material for use apart from carbon steel alloys, recording a low corrosion rate of 0.05 mm/year. The EDS analysis supported the findings showing higher weight percent of iron and sulphur on surface of the alloys after exposure to the SRB media. This implies that the presence of the sulphur ion indeed increased the corrosion rate. ASTM A516-70 carbon steel was chosen as a suitable alternative material to the stainless steel in this environment. The Tafel plot recorded a corrosion rate of 1.08 mm/year for ASTM A516-70 when exposed to SRB media.

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Montez, Gustavo Fabbri. "Produção biogênica de sulfetos por micro-organismos redutores de sulfato em amostras salinas da indústria do petróleo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8929.

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A produção de H2S (sulfeto de hidrogênio) é um dos principais problemas na indústria do petróleo, sendo esta uma das causas da corrosão de tanques de estocagem e tubulações. Essa produção é possibilitada devido à injeção de água do mar durante o processo de recuperação secundária do petróleo, onde alguns micro-organismos presentes nessa água, tais como as bactérias anaeróbias heterotróficas totais (BANHT) e as bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), que promovem a redução do sulfato a sulfeto. Atualmente, o método de quantificação destes micro-organismos é a técnica do Número Mais Provável (NMP) que estima o resultado em aproximadamente 28 dias. No presente trabalho foi utilizada a metodologia da produção semi-contínua de sulfeto biogênico pelo período de 15 dias, com o intuito de correlacionar com os resultados das quantificações de BANHT e BRS através da técnica convencional do NMP. Foram analisadas amostras de diferentes procedências da indústria do petróleo, apresentando variação na salinidade de 0 a 16 g.L-1. O objetivo deste procedimento foi avaliar as velocidades específicas e instantâneas de produção de H2S, sugerindo, desta forma, quais amostras apresentam maior potencial para a produção biogênica de sulfeto e em quais condições essa produção se dá. Observou-se que em todas as amostras a geração do H2S se dá de forma crescente até a estabilização desta produção, sendo esta obtida quase sempre em seis dias (144h) do crescimento microbiano. A produção do sulfeto biogênico se deu de forma mais intensa nas amostras do fundo de tanque de estocagem de óleo e da água de formação. A quantificação das BANHT e das BRS foram avaliadas pelo método do NMP de acordo com a tabela de Harrigan, a qual subestima a população microbiana, desconsiderando erros provenientes da técnica
The production of H2S (hydrogen sulfide) is a major problem in the oil industry, which is a cause of corrosion of pipes and storage tanks. This production is made possible due to seawater injection during the secondary oil recovery process where some microorganisms present in this water, such as total heterotrophic anaerobic bacteria (THAB) and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that promote reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Currently, the method of quantification of these microorganisms is the technique of the Most Probable Number (MPN) which estimates the results in about 28 days. The present study used the methodology of semi-continuous production of biogenic sulfide by 15 days period, in order to correlate with the measurements results of BANHT and BRS through the conventional technique of MPN. There were several samples analyzed from different origins in the oil industry, with variations in salinity from 0 to 16 g.L-1. The purpose of this procedure was to evaluate the specific speeds and instantaneous H2S production, suggesting thereby that samples had increased biogenic sulfide production and this production conditions which occurs. It was observed that all samples in the generation of H2S occurs incrementally until stabilization of this production, these being almost always obtained in six days (144h) of microbial growth. The production of biogenic sulfide occurred more intensely in the samples of oil storage tank bottom and formation water. The quantification of SRB and THAB were evaluated by the MPN method according to Harrigan table, which underestimates the microbial population, disregarding errors arising in the art

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Montes, Diego Cerqueira. "Determinação de ânions sulfatos e nitratos em amostras aquosas de campos de petróleo como método de monitoramento de Bactérias Redutoras de Sulfato- BRS." Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23487.

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CAPES
As Bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS) são de enorme importância do ponto de vista industrial e ambiental. O sulfeto produzido pelas BRS constitui um grande problema para o setor petrolífero por causar da biocorrosão nas instalações e por ser tóxico ao ser humano. O monitoramento dessas bactérias é realizado com frequência a fim de qualificar o tratamento para prevenir a produção de sulfeto. O tratamento comumente utilizado é a injeção de biocidas cuja utilização deve ser proporcional a densidade de BRS a fim de minimizar danos econômicos e ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de desenvolver um método indireto, baseado no consumo de aceptores de elétrons (sulfato) para monitorar populações de BRS. A metodologia consistiu, a princípio, no desenvolvimento de um método de análise por cromatográfia de íons que, além do sulfato e nitrato, pode também separar outros 15 ânions como: tungstato, sulfeto, fosfato, molibdato, oxalato, nitrito, cloreto, piruvato, butirato, propionato, acetato, fluoreto, formiato, succinato e citrato. O método de avaliação foi testado para se ajustar aos padrões regidos pelo INMETRO e ANVISA (órgãos brasileiros de regulamentação). Adicionalmente foi realizada a adaptação de um método espectrofotométrico para determinação de sulfato para assim auxiliar o processo cromatográfico. O tempo de corrida no cromatografo foi de 45 minutos que foi inferior ao método fornecido pelo fabricante e com um LD de 574,2 e 127,1 μg L-1 para sulfato e nitrato, respectivamente. As análises espectrofotométricas foram eficientes para medir sulfato e nitrato entre o intervalo de 40 e 200 mg L-1. A associação da cinética microbiana de crescimento e consumo de sulfato foi realizada em cultura pura de BRS e em cultura mista de amostras ambientais. Para testes com cultura pura foi utilizada uma cepa de BRS considerada como modelo experimental para o grupo, a bactéria Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Para testes com cultura mista foram utilizados consórcios microbianos coletados de amostras de água produzida de petróleo e do Rio Camarajipe, Salvador-BA. Foi observado que a D. vulgaris apresentou uma taxa de crescimento de 0,67 h-1 em meio rico contendo sulfato, mas é capaz de crescer na presença de nitrato com taxas próximas de 0,34h-1 e um consumo de nitrato de ≅22mg L-1h-1. Esse resultado ilustra a ineficiência do uso isolado de nitrato para controlar BRS em poços de petróleo. Os testes relacionando a variação da densidade de D. vulgaris em meio de cultura com fonte de carbono e aceptor de eletron (SO4 2-) em concentrações padronizadas demostrou alta correlação linear (R2 ≥ 99%). Esse resultado comprova viabilidade de usar o Modelo de Monod para quantificar biomassa dessa cultura em apenas 12 horas de teste, ao invés de 28 dias como é o caso da técnica de NMP. A sensibilidade do método esta entre as densidades de 102-108 cel/mL. Os resultados foram menos significativos com culturas mistas de BRS provinda de amostras ambientais, mas, os resultados sugerem que ajustes na técnica podem melhorar seu desempenho.
Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) are of significant environmental and industrial importance. SRB produces significant amounts of sulphite that can cause bio-corrosion on industrial installations and be toxic to humans. Monitoring the presence of such bacteria is an activity frequently required in order to determine treatment and prevent sulphite production during petrol exploration. Injection of biocides is commonly used for this purpose and should be proportional to SRB present in the environment in order to avoid economic and environmental drawbacks. The objective of this work was to develop an indirect method for monitoring SRB population in situ based on the consumption ratios of electron acceptors such as sulphate. First, it was necessary to adapt a chromatographic method for detecting ions such as sulphate and nitrate, but the approach has also showed to be successful for separating 15 other anions such as tungstate, sulphite, phosphate, molibdate, oxalate, nitrite, chlorate, pyruvate, butyrate, propionate, acetate, fluorite, formiate, succinate and citrate. The chromatographic approach is robust to pass the “INMETRO” and “ANVISA”, the Brazilian regulation agencies. Additionally, the chromatographic approach was also tested against a spectrophotometric method for determine sulphate. The chromatographic run achieved was of 45 min only, compared to a longer period suggested by the manufacturer and with a detection limit of 574.2 and 127,1mg l-1 for sulphate and nitrate, respectively. The spectrophotometric approach was efficient for detecting sulfphate and nitrate at the range of 40 to 200mg l-1. Sulphate consumption versus the biomass activity of SRB was first tested using pure culture and later with environmental mixed cultures. Desulfovibrio vulgaris was used as a biological model representing SRB for the tests with pure culture. Two different consortiums were used for testing environmental SRB mixed cultures, one collected at the Camarajipe River, Salvador-BA, and cells grown from industrial produced water obtained from oil wells. It was observed that D. vulgaris showed a growth rate of about 0,67 h-1 in rich media with sulphate as sole electron acceptor, but the culture was also able to grow on nitrate with an average consumption of ≅22mg L-1h-1 and a growth rate of 0.34 h-1. This result suggest the inefficiency of using nitrate as means to control SRB in oil wells once some SRB can utilize it as electron acceptors. Tests correlating the variation of D. vulgaris initial biomass with sulphate consumption rate at standard conditions of carbon source and electron acceptor concentrations showed to be of statistical significance (R2 ≥ 99%). This result strongly support the tested method, which is based on the Monod model, for measuring bacterial biomass within only 12 hours instead of 28 days such as required by the most probable number technique (MPN). The sensitivity of the method was set between 102-108 cel/ml, but the results were less significant when tested with mixed environmental cultures. Nonetheless, the result showed that some adjustment in the technique may improve its performance.

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Rava, Eleonora Maria Elizabeth. "Management of hydrogen sulphide generation at a Kraft paper mill." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09152008-113200/.

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Westdahl, Ann-Britt. "Finansiella nyckeltal - analysinstrument eller reklam?" Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30754.

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Är de svenska storbankernas presentation av finansiella nyckeltal jämförbara? Det är frågan jag ställt mig i syfte att skapa förståelse för omfattningen av skillnaden mellan bankernas jämförande information via finansiella nyckeltal.

Analysen har utförts genom en fallstudie, där ett systemsynsätt tillämpats, och har visat att vare sig bankernas presentation av finansiella nyckeltal, eller teorier kring nyckeltal, kan anses vara jämförbara. Stora skillnader existerar, både kring vilka nyckeltal som presente-ras, vad de kallas och hur de beräknas. Finansiella nyckeltal kan således inte anses vara användbara som analysverktyg, eller bidra till den inre marknadens funktion.

Resultatet av studien baserar sig på analyser av bankernas presenterade finansiella nyckel-tal, resultat- och balansräkningar, ägarstrukturer och börskurser. Grunddata har hämtats från bankernas årsredovisningar under perioden 2004 – 2008, från Finansinspektionen och Stockholmsbörsen. Jag har även intervjuat representanter från bankerna och Finansinspek-tionen, en analytiker och en ekonomijournalist. Den övergripande bilden och djupa förstå-elsen har jag fått av Jacob Palmstierna, som haft godheten att dela med sig av sin fyrtioåri-ga erfarenhet och ovärderliga kunskap om den svenska bankbranschen.

Uppsatsen innefattar även metodutveckling i form av en konceptuell omvärldsmodell.

Nyckelord: IFRS, finansiella nyckeltal, jämförbarhet, användbarhet, omvärldsmodell.

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Faller, Stefan. "Taprobane im Wandel der Zeit : das Śrî-Laṅkâ-Bild in griechischen und lateinischen Quellen zwischen Alexanderzug und Spätantike /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37630814w.

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Durán, Pinzón Freddy. "Modelación matemática del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales urbanas incluyendo las bacterias sulfatorreductoras. Aplicación a un biorreactor anaeroio de membranas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34778.

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Con el aumento de la población y de la demanda de bienes y servicios a escala global, se ha producido un deterioro en la calidad y disponibilidad del agua, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad inminente de un cambio de mentalidad en la sociedad. Este cambio debe incluir, tanto la intensificación de las disposiciones legales que permitan prevenir la contaminación, como el desarrollo e implementación de tecnologías de depuración más eficaces, sostenibles y respetuosas con el ambiente. En la actualidad, en la mayoría de países desarrollados el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas está basado en los sistemas de fangos activados como tratamiento principal. Estos sistemas se caracterizan por presentar un elevado consumo energético y una alta generación de fango biológico, que debe ser sometido a algún tratamiento de estabilización previo a su reutilización o disposición final. Una alternativa a estas tecnologías son los sistemas basados en procesos anaerobios, cuya implementación supone mayor sostenibilidad, menor coste económico y energético, y menor impacto ambiental. Sin embargo, es necesario superar las limitaciones asociadas a las bajas velocidades de crecimiento de la biomasa anaerobia (en comparación con los microorganismos aerobios) y a la baja eficacia en la separación de la biomasa mediante procesos de sedimentación. La combinación del proceso anaerobio de degradación de la materia orgánica con un proceso de filtración con membranas, permite superar los inconvenientes mencionados, pudiéndose establecer tiempos de retención celular elevados sin necesidad de incrementar el volumen de reacción y obtener un efluente de alta calidad. Una de las ventajas de los sistemas anaerobios es la recuperación de parte de la energía contenida en la materia orgánica en forma de metano. Sin embargo, cuando hay presencia de sulfato en el medio se desarrollan bacterias sulfatorreductoras, las cuales compiten por los sustratos, reduciéndose la eficiencia en la conversión de materia orgánica a metano, y generando sulfuro de hidrógeno (sulfurogénesis), que inhibe los procesos biológicos y disminuye la calidad del biogás generado. Debido a la importancia que tiene el proceso de sulfurogénesis en los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, varios autores han propuesto modelos matemáticos que incluyen los procesos biológicos, físicos y químicos asociados a las bacterias sulfatorreductoras. Sin embargo, no existe un modelo global que permita simular en conjunto los procesos que tienen lugar tanto en la línea de agua como en la de fango, y donde esté incluido este proceso. También es destacable la ausencia de una metodología sistemática para la calibración de los parámetros de los modelos anaerobios de tratamiento de aguas residuales. El objetivo principal de la presente tesis doctoral es la modelación matemática del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales urbanas con elevado contenido de sulfato. Con este fin, se ha desarrollado un modelo matemático capaz de describir el proceso biológico de sulfurogénesis y se ha propuesto una metodología de calibración de los parámetros. El modelo desarrollado ha sido incorporado al modelo global Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2). Tanto el modelo como la metodología de calibración han sido validados mediante simulación con el programa DESASS, comparando los resultados predichos por el modelo con los valores experimentales obtenidos en un biorreactor anaerobio de membranas a escala demostración
Durán Pinzón, F. (2013). Modelación matemática del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales urbanas incluyendo las bacterias sulfatorreductoras. Aplicación a un biorreactor anaeroio de membranas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34778
TESIS

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Madavan, Delon. "Jaffna et le conflit intercommunautaire à Sri Lanka /." Paris : Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41103857p.

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Murray, Francis J. "Potential for aquaculture in community-managed irrigation systems of the dry-zone, Sri Lanka : impacts on livelihoods of the poor." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/62.

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Rainfed areas in the Dry-Zone of Sri Lanka are characteristic of extensive marginal agro-ecosystems known as the semi-arid tropics (SAT) populated by poor farming communities. In the Dry-Zone and elsewhere, the traditional response to seasonal water scarcity was to construct rainfall-harvesting devices known as ‘tanks’; created by building earthen dykes across ephemeral streams in undulating terrain. Most are held in common ownership by adjacent communities, who use them for multiple functions including irrigation, bathing and fishing. Storage efficiency is enhanced by arranging tanks in cascading sequence within watersheds so that drainage waters can be re-used. The aim of this study was to evolve improved collective strategies for the management of seasonal water bodies (focussing on aquatic production) in order to reduce the vulnerability of the poorest groups. Understanding of these complex systems requires a holistic approach which integrates hydrological, biological and socio-economic factors on a suitable (watershed) scale. Work commenced with a comprehensive situation analysis, culminating with the formulation of a participatory research agenda for action research based on low-input stocking enhancements. Village livelihoods have traditionally revolved around paddy cultivation as the primary tank function; however, in recent times, water-use strategies have responded to a range of demographic, economic and environmental pressures with implications for the sustainable management of natural resources, especially living aquatic organisms. Natural fish production in the most seasonal tanks relies on intermittent spill-events which link successive tanks; these provide migration routes which permit recruitment of stocks from lower perennial tanks. Rehabilitation initiatives that increase the storage / irrigation capacity of tanks or poorly designed surplus weirs that impede migration have negative impacts on fisheries, though they are rarely considered by planners. The fundamental concept of the purana complex (PC) as the smallest logical sub-component of the watershed for intervention is introduced. Within PC boundaries discrete community groups bound by ties of kinship and caste, control access to private and commonly held natural resources. PCs in the uppermost reaches of watersheds are distinguishable by the highly seasonal nature of their tanks and poor physical infrastructure relative to lower watershed communities. Such areas are also often buffer zones between as yet uninhabited hinterlands and settled areas where cultivation potentials are further restricted due to wild animal incursions. Consequently, these groups exhibit the greatest dependence on exploitation of the natural resource base. This often includes less seasonal tanks in lower PCs where fisheries are of less significance to local livelihoods. Such low-level ‘poaching’ is generally well tolerated, but potential for conflict exists where development efforts restrict hitherto free access to these resources. These findings were the basis for two phases of action research which involved the stocking of ten tanks belonging to seven communities in North West Province (2000-2001). Phase 1 trials encompassed a range of social and physical and settings from lower to upper watershed. Results indicated that the use of costly hatchery-produced seed was unlikely to be sustainable given (1) a background of highly erratic natural production (2) uncertain returns to individual effort and (3) a low priority accorded to fish production from village tanks given the availability of low-cost commercial production from perennial reservoirs. The second phase was restricted to low-caste communities in upper watershed areas and relied entirely on wild-fish stocks captured from perennial reservoirs lower in the watershed. Also emphasis was on intermittent ‘staggered’ harvesting using hook and line gears rather than the single intensive ‘collective harvests’ adopted in phase 1 trials. High yield potentials were demonstrated in the smallest tanks (<4ha) which were devoid of fish stocks during two pervious drought years. Results also indicate that sustainable adoption will be likely only where there is strong social cohesion and representative village leadership. An adaptive learning process which can demonstrate the net benefits of staggered harvesting in seasonal tanks is described. These stocking strategies combined with tank rehabilitation sympathetic to preservation of upstream hydrological linkages, are highly complementary enhancement steps. Results clearly show that together they have potential to maintain the wider aquatic ecosystem on which the poorest groups depend.

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41

Gunasekera, Arosha Indika. "Achieving rural development in Sri Lanka through a systematic model : microfinance and women's empowerment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708366.

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42

Warnapala, Kanchanakesi Channa Prajapati. "A contested sight British constructions of Ceylon in visual and literary texts, 1850-1910 /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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43

Becker, Catherine. "Le pèlerinage de Siripada (Sri Lanka)." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100022.

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44

Shortt, Rebecca L. "Water quality and health : implications for irrigation management in southern Sri Lanka." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31538.

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This study was conducted to understand the interactions between irrigation water management and water quality (agro-ecological interactions). The Uda Walawe basin, in Southern Sri Lanka was chosen as the study area. Fluctuations in water quality, especially microbiological water quality, affect human health. Since the source of domestic water (drinking and washing) in this region is from the irrigation system, there is a concern for the human health effects. All the potential water sources and the water use habits of the community were identified. The water quality of these sources was then monitored for a period of 5 months (August--December 2000). Second, the water management of the Uda Walawe irrigation system was linked to the differences in water quality. The best quality water was found to come from the shallow wells (seepage water from the irrigation system). Both quantity and quality of the water were shown to fluctuate with canal construction (earthen or concrete) and irrigation water management.

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45

Ratnayake, R. M. C. S. "Phenology, pollination ecology and breeding systems of Polyalthia coffeoides, P. korinti and Xylopia championii (Annonaceae) in SriLanka." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31547308.

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46

DeVotta, Neil. "From linguistic nationalism to ethnic conflict Sri Lanka in comparative perspective /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031040.

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47

Tampoe-Hautin, Vilasnee. "Cinéma, colonialisme et identité : naissance et développement du cinéma au Sri Lanka (1896-1966)." La Réunion, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LARE0012.

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Cette thèse porte sur la naissance du cinéma au Sri Lanka et son développement de 1896 à 1966. Elle s'interroge sur les conflits dans lesquels cette industrie a été impliquée, opposant la communauté majoritaire cinghalaise à la minorité tamoule. Notre étude examine également la participation d'inventeurs, de producteurs et de metteurs en scène européens et indiens à la mise en place de l'infrastructure du cinéma au Sri Lanka au cours du 20e siècle. La revendication en faveur d'un cinéma "indigène" cinghalais exprimée dès les années 1950 par des nationalistes cinghalais nous permet de saisir comment le septième art a traduit les affrontements ethniques qui ont sévi au sein de la société sri lankaise de la fin du 19e siècle à nos jours, mettant en exergue les décalages économiques entre les diverses communautés. Enfin, les rôles joués par le théâtre parsi et par le documentaire anglais dans la structuration de ce cinéma cinghalais "indigène" révèlent la manière dont différentes sources artistiques ont convergé pour donner naissance aux cinématographies de l'Asie du sud au 20e siècle
The main focus of this thesis is the evolution of the cinema industry in Sri Lanka during the colonial and post-independent period (1896-1966). This analysis establishes a parallel between the contribution by British, Indian, Tamil and Muslim minorities to the development of the film industry in the course of the 20th century and the emergence of an "indigenous" Sinhala cinema in the 1960s. Our study will reveal the extent to which Sri Lankan cinema has been a reflection of the ethnic struggles that have marked the island's history. It also examines how Parsi theatre and the British Documentary Movement influenced early Sinhala cinema, this being facilitated by geographical proximity and cultural affinities between Sri Lanka and Indian, but also by British colonial presence in the Indian Ocean

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48

Nallainayagam, Vettivelu. "Economic development and income distribution : the experience of Sri Lanka, 1953-1978." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72820.

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49

Senaka-Arachchi, Ranbandara. "The problems of second generation settlers in land settlement schemes : the case of Sri Lanka /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs4746.pdf.

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50

Aponsu, Goniya Malamage Indrajith. "The effects and constraints of state influenced finance sector development in the process of industrialization and economic growth : the experience of Sri Lanka /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21254011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SRB'

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