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Journal articles on the topic 'SRF from homo sapiens'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Mironov, Vladimir. "FROM HOMO SAPIENS TO HOMO SAPIENTISSIMUS." Chelovek.RU, no. 15 (2020): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32691/2410-0935-2020-15-208-216.

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The article problematizes the consequences of digital culture development. It is shown that up to the last third of XX century communication between cultures was realized as a dialogue of local formations, where human evolution was based on the human essence and was dominated by a cultural man or "Ho-mo sapiens". As a result of technological achievements, there was a transformation of the dialogue space of local formations. Communication turned into a core of modern culture. The paper analyzes the conse-quences of the introduction of new technologies. At the end of the work, the author raises a rhetorical question about the entry of mankind into a new stage of its evolution, where genetic engineering and new technologies can create a superhuman "Homo sapientissimus".

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2

Thaler, Richard. "From Homo Oeconomicus to Homo Sapiens." Gospodarka Narodowa 161, no. 7-8 (2000): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/113969.

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3

Thaler, Richard H. "From Homo Economicus to Homo Sapiens." Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1 (2000): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.1.133.

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In responding to a request for predictions about the future of economics, I predict that Homo Economicus will evolve into Homo Sapiens, or, more simply put, economics will become more related to human behavior. My specific predictions are that Homo Economicus will start to lose IQ, will become a slower learner, will start interacting with other species, and that economists will start to study human cognition, human emotion, and will distinguish more clearly between normative and descriptive theories.

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4

Paul, Peter V. "In Search of a Creative “Syncretizer”: From Homo Sapiens Sapiens to Homo Techno Sapiens. . . . and Beyond." American Annals of the Deaf 163, no. 5 (2019): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aad.2019.0000.

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5

Singh, Ram B. "Nutrition in Transition from Homo sapiens to Homo economicus." Open Nutraceuticals Journal 6, no. 1 (2013): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876396001306010006.

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6

Ringel Raveh, Anat, and Boaz Tamir. "From Homo Sapiens to Robo Sapiens: The Evolution of Intelligence." Information 10, no. 1 (2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10010002.

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In this paper, we present a review of recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) towards the possibility of an artificial intelligence equal that of human intelligence. AI technology has always shown a stepwise increase in its capacity and complexity. The last step took place several years ago with the increased progress in deep neural network technology. Each such step goes hand in hand with our understanding of ourselves and our understanding of human cognition. Indeed, AI was always about the question of understanding human nature. AI percolates into our lives, changing our environment. We believe that the next few steps in AI technology, and in our understanding of human behavior, will bring about much more powerful machines that are flexible enough to resemble human behavior. In this context, there are two research fields: Artificial Social Intelligence (ASI) and General Artificial Intelligence (AGI). The authors also allude to one of the main challenges for AI, embodied cognition, and explain how it can be viewed as an opportunity for further progress in AI research.

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7

Nikityuk, B. A. "FROM HOMO SAPIENS TO HOMO PLACIDUS - MORPHOLOGICAL AFTERMATHS OF WARS." Morphological newsletter 27, no. 1 (2019): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.19(27).01.45-47.

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The article is a little modified and edited version of an article by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Boris Nikityuk (1933-1998), an famous Soviet and Russian anatomist and anthropologist, initiator of publications and founder of the scientific journal «Russian Morphological Newsletter», which was the opening first article in the first issue of this journal. The Editorial Board of the journal publishes this article in memory of the 85th anniversary date of birth (1933) of the founder of the journal, Professor Boris Nikityuk and on occasion of the 25th anniversary, which was in 2018 since the date of the founding of the journal «Morfologicheskie Vedomosti - Morphological Newsletter» (1993). It is devoted to the most pressing problem in the modern world from a scientific anatomical and anthropological point of view - the morphological, more precisely biological, consequences of one of the most difficult and catastrophic social phenomena - wars. Numerous scientific data, including the author’s own data, are argue the point of view, expressed a century ago by renowned anthropologist Valerian Bunak’s, that wars have as their main consequence not a direct reduction in the number of people who have the best physical qualities, but more pronounced and adverse effects on populations of subsequent generations. The author uses the term original scientific term «biological well-being» of a species «homo sapiens» as one of the criteria characterizing its evolution in the absence of wars and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. The title of the article has been changed, as a main conclusion of the article has been added the phrase «from homo sapiens to homo placidus» and also has been added the references, which are absent in original text.

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8

White, Tim D., Berhane Asfaw, David DeGusta, et al. "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia." Nature 423, no. 6941 (2003): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01669.

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9

Santosa, Tomi Apra Santosa. "Eksistensi Homo Neandertal dan Homo Sapiens Sapiens dalam Perspektif Sains dan Al-Qur’an." Journal of Islamic Civilization 2, no. 2 (2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jic.v2i2.1683.

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This research aims to find out the existence of Homo neandertal and Homo sapiens from the perspective of science and the Qur'an. This research is qualitative research with library study methods. Namely the presentation of data by tracing Islamic and scientific manuscripts in the form of books, journals, and so on, combining, analyzing, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study area in the science of Homo neandertal is a human species thought to be the ancestor of ancient Europe. In the Qur'an homo neandertal is Al-basyar which has been mentioned by Allah in surah Al-Baqarah verse 30. Homo Sapien sapiens were modern ancient humans who were the ancestors of the Mongols and Melanesians. In the Qur'an, Homo sapiens sapiens is thought to be the evolution of the previous man to become the caliph on earth as God said in Surah Noah 14, 17, and Surah As-Shaad verse 26.

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10

Zaidner, Yossi, Laura Centi, Marion Prévost, et al. "Middle Pleistocene Homo behavior and culture at 140,000 to 120,000 years ago and interactions with Homo sapiens." Science 372, no. 6549 (2021): 1429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abh3020.

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Fossils of a Middle Pleistocene (MP) Homo within a well-defined archaeological context at the open-air site of Nesher Ramla, Israel, shed light on MP Homo culture and behavior. Radiometric ages, along with cultural and stratigraphic considerations, suggest that the fossils are 140,000 to 120,000 years old, chronologically overlapping with H. sapiens in western Asia. Lithic analysis reveals that MP Homo mastered stone-tool production technologies, previously known only among H. sapiens and Neanderthals. The Levallois knapping methods they used are indistinguishable from that of concurrent H. sapiens in western Asia. The most parsimonious explanation for such a close similarity is the cultural interactions between these two populations. These findings constitute evidence of contacts and interactions between H. sapiens and MP Homo.

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MORGAN-RYAN, UNA M., ABBIE FALL, LUCY A. WARD, et al. "Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 49, no. 6 (2002): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00224.x.

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12

Theofanopoulou, Constantina, Simone Gastaldon, Thomas O’Rourke, et al. "Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10 (2017): e0185306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185306.

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13

Rich, Tina, Rachel Louise Allen, Anne-Marie Lucas, Andrew Stewart, and John Trowsdale. "Pellino-related sequences from Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens." Immunogenetics 52, no. 1-2 (2000): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510000249.

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14

Kurochkina, Anna, Yuliya Semenova, Olga Lukina, and Anna Karmanova. "Digital totalitarianism - from Homo sapiens to “one-button man”." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807055.

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The article is devoted to the process of digitalization taking place in Russia in the context of the industrial revolution 4.0. The purpose of the article is to consider the process of introducing digital technologies as drivers of the reorganization of the entire way of life of Russian society, the disclosure of the concept of “digital totalitarianism". The process of digitalization affected not only all spheres of the economy, but also significantly affected the development of social institutions and the individual as a participant in this process. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: to determine the process of digitalization, to study state projects for digitalization in Russia – “Digital Economy of Russia until 2024”, “Education 2030”, to study the degree of involvement of Russian consumer and business communities in the use of digital platforms; to determine the consequences of the inevitable digital revolution, and what is the role of the state in them. The object of the study is the process of digitalization of the economy and its impact on human activity. The subject of the research is the specific features of the digitalization process that determine the future prospects of interaction between humans and artificial intelligence (neural networks and cybersystems). The hypothesis of the study: total digital transformation in Russia is the only possible scenario for the development and formation of a completely ” new “state based on the” digital economy”, ensuring competitiveness in the global market and improving all spheres of Russian life. The article examines the data on the current level of development of digital technologies in Russia and in the world, identifies the main trends and the most important problems of the development and impact of digital technologies on people.

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15

Mylius, Ben. "Three Types of Anthropocentrism." Environmental Philosophy 15, no. 2 (2018): 159–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/envirophil20184564.

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This paper develops a language for distinguishing more rigorously between various senses of the term ‘anthropocentrism.’ Specifically, it differentiates between:1. Perceptual anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms informed by sense-data from human sensory organs);2. Descriptive anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms that begin from, center upon, or are ordered around Homo sapiens / ‘the human’)3. Normative anthropocentrism (which characterizes paradigms that constrain inquiry in a way that somehow privileges Homo sapiens / ‘the human’ [passive normative anthropocentrism]; and which characterizes paradigms that make assumptions or assertions about the superiority of Homo sapiens, its capacities, the primacy of its values, its position in the universe, and/or make prescriptions based on these assertions and assumptions [active normative anthropocentrism]).

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16

Stringer, Chris. "The origin and evolution of Homo sapiens." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1698 (2016): 20150237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0237.

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If we restrict the use of Homo sapiens in the fossil record to specimens which share a significant number of derived features in the skeleton with extant H. sapiens , the origin of our species would be placed in the African late middle Pleistocene, based on fossils such as Omo Kibish 1, Herto 1 and 2, and the Levantine material from Skhul and Qafzeh. However, genetic data suggest that we and our sister species Homo neanderthalensis shared a last common ancestor in the middle Pleistocene approximately 400–700 ka, which is at least 200 000 years earlier than the species origin indicated from the fossils already mentioned. Thus, it is likely that the African fossil record will document early members of the sapiens lineage showing only some of the derived features of late members of the lineage. On that basis, I argue that human fossils such as those from Jebel Irhoud, Florisbad, Eliye Springs and Omo Kibish 2 do represent early members of the species, but variation across the African later middle Pleistocene/early Middle Stone Age fossils shows that there was not a simple linear progression towards later sapiens morphology, and there was chronological overlap between different ‘archaic’ and ‘modern’ morphs. Even in the late Pleistocene within and outside Africa, we find H. sapiens specimens which are clearly outside the range of Holocene members of the species, showing the complexity of recent human evolution. The impact on species recognition of late Pleistocene gene flow between the lineages of modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans is also discussed, and finally, I reconsider the nature of the middle Pleistocene ancestor of these lineages, based on recent morphological and genetic data. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.

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17

Nielsen, Mark, Michelle C. Langley, Ceri Shipton, and Rohan Kapitány. "Homo neanderthalensi s and the evolutionary origins of ritual in Homo sapiens." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1805 (2020): 20190424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0424.

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There is a large, if disparate, body of archaeological literature discussing specific instantiations of symbolic material culture and the possibility of ritual practices in Neanderthal populations. Despite this attention, however, no single synthesis exists that draws upon cognitive, psychological and cultural evolutionary theories of ritual. Here, we review the evidence for ritual-practice among now-extinct Homo neanderthalensis , as well as the necessary cognitive pre-conditions for such behaviour, in order to explore the evolution of ritual in Homo sapiens . We suggest that the currently available archaeological evidence indicates that Neanderthals may have used ‘ritualization’ to increase the successful transmission of technical knowledge across generations—providing an explanation for the technological stability of the Middle Palaeolithic and attesting to a survival strategy differing from near-contemporary H. sapiens . This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours’.

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18

지수현. "From Homo Sapiens to Phono Sapiens: Smartphones as Intimate Strangers in the Age of Posthumanism." Journal of English Cultural Studies 12, no. 2 (2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15732/jecs.12.2.201908.25.

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19

Quintana-Murci, Lluís, Ornella Semino, Hans-J. Bandelt, Giuseppe Passarino, Ken McElreavey, and A. Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti. "Genetic evidence of an early exit of Homo sapiens sapiens from Africa through eastern Africa." Nature Genetics 23, no. 4 (1999): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/70550.

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20

Shipton, Ceri. "Imitation and Shared Intentionality in the Acheulean." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20, no. 2 (2010): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774310000235.

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Imitation and shared intentionality are traits essential to the socio-cultural adaptation of Homo sapiens. Non-human apes display some capacity for imitation and shared intentionality, but are deficient in comparison to Homo sapiens. The Acheulean archaeological record provides evidence that imitation and shared intentionality were part of the behavioural repertoire of the hominins manufacturing that industry. The palaeoneurological record suggests some early Homo specimens possessed the neural architecture associated with modern human imitation. From this evidence it is suggested that a propensity for imitation and shared intentionality evolved soon after 2 million years ago.

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21

Schwartz, K., and M. Sorokin. "The human genome reveals the evolution of Homo sapiens." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-134-1-38-45.

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The evolution of modern humans began two and a half million years ago as Homo erectus. Several hundred thousand years ago, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern men Homo sapiens have been separated from the Homo erectus branch. Nevertheless, Homo sapiens is the only one that has survived to our days. The complex history of Homo is revealed by genetic research and comparison of the modern human genome with genes of Neanderthals and Denisovans. Svante Pääbo, a professor at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, made a significant contribution to these studies and decoded the genome of Neanderthals and Denisovans. Comparison of the genome of modern humans with the genes of Neanderthals and Denisovans made it possible to reveal the size of the population, the paths and times of migrations, interactions of various groups of ancient humans and their biological crossing. It was found that in Eurasia, modern man carries traces of Neanderthal genes, whereas in Asia and Oceania – Denisovan genes. According to anthropological research, the survival of Homo sapiens was driven by the cognitive revolution, which took place about seventy thousand years ago and included the development of language, communication and association in large groups.

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22

Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Nikolay Sirakov, Vera Aldeias, et al. "Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria." Nature 581, no. 7808 (2020): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2259-z.

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23

Theofanopoulou, Constantina, Simone Gastaldon, Thomas O’Rourke, et al. "Correction: Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5 (2018): e0196700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196700.

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24

Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., A. Mabulla, L. Luque, et al. "A new archaic Homo sapiens fossil from Lake Eyasi, Tanzania." Journal of Human Evolution 54, no. 6 (2008): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.002.

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25

Hu, Fen, Zelong Huang, Shuping Zheng, et al. "Structural and biochemical characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Homo sapiens." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 533, no. 4 (2020): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.139.

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26

Hardy, J., A. Pittman, A. Myers, et al. "Evidence suggesting that Homo neanderthalensis contributed the H2 MAPT haplotype to Homo sapiens." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 4 (2005): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330582.

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The tau (MAPT) locus exists as two distinct clades, H1 and H2. The H1 clade has a normal linkage disequilibrium structure and is the only haplotype found in all populations except those derived from Caucasians. The H2 haplotype is the minor haplotype in Caucasian populations and is not found in other populations. It shows no recombination over a region of 2 Mb with the more common H1 haplotype. The distribution of the haplotype and analysis of the slippage of dinucleotide repeat markers within the haplotype suggest that it entered Homo sapiens populations between approx. 10000 and 30000 years ago. However, sequence comparison of the H2 haplotype with the H1 haplotype and with the chimp sequence suggests that the common founder of the H1 and H2 haplotypes was far earlier than this. We suggest that the H2 haplotype is derived from Homo neanderthalensis and entered H. sapiens populations during the co-existence of these species in Europe from approx. 45000 to 18000 years ago and that the H2 haplotype has been under selection pressure since that time, possibly because of the role of this H1 haplotype in neurodegenerative disease.

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27

Haryono, Samuel J., Sri Utami, and Restu Ambar Rahayuningsih. "A comprehensive exploration of Java man: bio-cultural evolution from Homo Erectus to Homo Sapiens." Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) 48, no. 04 (Suplement) (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/jmedsciesup0048042016024.

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28

Chen, Pengfei, Ying Lu, Hanchao Gao, Mingtao Li, David K. C. Cooper, and Lisha Mou. "Sequence alignment analysis of proteins involved in platelet-endothelial cell interaction identifies molecular incompatibilities between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 3, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbei.v3n1p51.

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Background: Platelets play a vital role in acute humoral xenograft rejection (AHXR) in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, presenting as microvascular thrombosis in the graft and/or consumptive coagulopathy in the recipient. Adhesion and aggregation of primate platelets to the activated vascular endothelial cells through sequential binding of ligands on endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix ultimately trigger a complex biological process of prothrombotic signaling cascades. Increasing evidence suggests that the molecular incompatibilities in effector molecules across species may partially contribute to dysregulated microvascular thrombosis in xenografts. Method: We selected candidate genes from the NCBI database with keywords: platelet-endothelium interaction，platelet adhension, platelet aggregation, and subendothelial matrix ligands. Pair-wise amino acid alignments were made using the Emboss Needle method. Emboss needle created optimal global alignment of the amino acid sequences of human genes and pig genes using ClustalW2.Results: Most of the proteins involved in platelet-EC interaction in Homo sapiens share high sequence similarity with their homologues in Sus scrofa. Cytokines that potentially induce endothelial damage (such as CD40L, TNF-α) were highly conserved between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa. Some endothelium-derived cytokines (such as IL-8, CCL2, CCL5) that can induce platelet activation or enhance aggregation share high sequence similarity between Homo sapiens and sus scrofa. Some regulators that potentially transduce inhibitory signaling to control platelet activation or complement activation have relatively poor sequence identity between Homo sapiens and Sus scrofa, and some even lack their homologues in Sus scrofa.Conclusion: The characteristic of sequence similarity of proteins involved in platelet-EC interaction indicated the molecular incompatibilities between humans (Homo sapiens) and pigs (Sus scrofa). This study provides a clue for explanation of excessive platelet activity in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation.

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29

Jablonski, Nina G., and George Chaplin. "The colours of humanity: the evolution of pigmentation in the human lineage." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1724 (2017): 20160349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0349.

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Humans are a colourful species of primate, with human skin, hair and eye coloration having been influenced by a great variety of evolutionary forces throughout prehistory. Functionally naked skin has been the physical interface between the physical environment and the human body for most of the history of the genus Homo , and hence skin coloration has been under intense natural selection. From an original condition of protective, dark, eumelanin-enriched coloration in early tropical-dwelling Homo and Homo sapiens , loss of melanin pigmentation occurred under natural selection as Homo sapiens dispersed into non-tropical latitudes of Africa and Eurasia. Genes responsible for skin, hair and eye coloration appear to have been affected significantly by population bottlenecks in the course of Homo sapiens dispersals. Because specific skin colour phenotypes can be created by different combinations of skin colour–associated genetic markers, loss of genetic variability due to genetic drift appears to have had negligible effects on the highly redundant genetic ‘palette’ for the skin colour. This does not appear to have been the case for hair and eye coloration, however, and these traits appear to have been more strongly influenced by genetic drift and, possibly, sexual selection. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.

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Sarani, R., N. A. Udayaprakash, R. Subashini, P. Mridula, T. Yamane, and K. Sekar. "Large cryptic internal sequence repeats in protein structures from Homo sapiens." Journal of Biosciences 34, no. 1 (2009): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12038-009-0012-8.

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31

Chance, Steven A., Eva K. Sawyer, Linda M. Clover, Bridget Wicinski, Patrick R. Hof, and Timothy J. Crow. "Hemispheric asymmetry in the fusiform gyrus distinguishes Homo sapiens from chimpanzees." Brain Structure and Function 218, no. 6 (2012): 1391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0464-8.

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32

Liu, Huanting, Kerry Woznica, Gemma Catton, Amanda Crawford, Nigel Botting, and James H. Naismith. "Structural and Kinetic Characterization of Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase (hQPRTase) from Homo sapiens." Journal of Molecular Biology 373, no. 3 (2007): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.043.

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33

Callaway, Ewen. "Oldest DNA from a Homo sapiens reveals surprisingly recent Neanderthal ancestry." Nature 592, no. 7854 (2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00916-0.

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34

Wu, Xinzhi, and Günter Bräuer. "Morphological comparison of archaic Homo sapiens crania from China and Africa." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 79, no. 3 (1992): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/79/1992/241.

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35

Jacobi, R. M., and P. B. Pettitt. "An Aurignacian point from Uphill Quarry (Somerset) and the earliest settlement of Britain by Homo sapiens sapiens." Antiquity 74, no. 285 (2000): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059858.

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36

Amir, Asad, Khyati Rana, Arvind Arya, Neelesh Kapoor, Hirdesh Kumar, and Mohd Asif Siddiqui. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: In Silico Drug Targets Identification by Metabolic Pathways Analysis." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2014 (February 25, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/284170.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacteria species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in the world from a bacterial infectious disease. This antibiotic resistance strain lead to development of the new antibiotics or drug molecules which can kill or suppress the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have performed an in silico comparative analysis of metabolic pathways of the host Homo sapiens and the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv). Novel efforts in developing drugs that target the intracellular metabolism of M. tuberculosis often focus on metabolic pathways that are specific to M. tuberculosis. We have identified five unique pathways for Mycobacterium tuberculosis having a number of 60 enzymes, which are nonhomologous to Homo sapiens protein sequences, and among them there were 55 enzymes, which are nonhomologous to Homo sapiens protein sequences. These enzymes were also found to be essential for survival of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis according to the DEG database. Further, the functional analysis using Uniprot showed involvement of all the unique enzymes in the different cellular components.

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37

Martin, George M. "Genetic modulation of the senescent phenotype in Homo sapiens." Genome 31, no. 1 (1989): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-059.

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While it is important to search for unifying mechanisms of aging among a variety of model systems, evolutionary arguments suggest that the pathophysiological details of senescence may be, to some extent, species specific. Moreover, in species that are characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity, such as our own, one is likely to find kindreds with both "private" and "public" markers of aging. Crude estimates of the number of loci with the potential to modulate aspects of the senescent phenotype of man suggest that thousands of genes could be involved. No single locus appears to modulate all features. Some affect predominately a single aspect ("unimodal progeroid syndromes"); familial Alzheimer's disease is discussed as a prototype. Linkage studies indicate genetic heterogeneity for autosomal dominant forms of the disease. Some loci affect multiple aspects of the phenotype ("segmental progeroid disorders"); the prototype is Werner's syndrome, an autosomal recessive. Cells from homozygotes behave like mutator strains and undergo accelerated senescence in vitro. Elucidation of the biochemical genetic basis of such abiotrophic disorders may shed light on specific aging processes in man.Key words: Homo sapiens, senescence, progeroid syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, linkage, Werner's syndrome, mutator strains.

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Kaiser, Marcus, and Sreedevi Varier. "Evolution and development of Brain Networks: From Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 22, no. 1-4 (2011): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0954898x.2011.638968.

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Maitrani, Chandan, and Robert S. Phillips. "Substituents effects on activity of kynureninase from Homo sapiens and Pseudomonas fluorescens." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 21, no. 15 (2013): 4670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.039.

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Bräuer, G., and R. E. Leakey. "A new archaic Homo sapiens cranium from Eliye Springs, West Turkana, Kenya." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 76, no. 3 (1986): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/76/1986/245.

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Price, Rebecca M. "How We Got Here: Evolutionary Changes in Skull Shape in Humans & Their Ancestors." American Biology Teacher 74, no. 2 (2012): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2012.74.2.8.

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This activity uses inquiry to investigate how large changes in shape can evolve from small changes in the timing of development. Students measure skull shape in fetal, infant, juvenile, and adult chimpanzees and compare them to adult skulls of Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, and Australopithecus afarensis. They conclude by re-interpreting their findings in light of Ardipithecus ramidus.

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Oudemans, Th C. W. "Heidegger and archaeology." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 1 (1996): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000544.

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Under the title Triumphal procession from the blind alley, the German magazine Der Spiegel in the autumn of 1995 published a series of articles on the latest developments in the archaeology of Homo sapiens and its ancestors. These articles focus on mankind's evolution, and its relationship to the capacities of mankind's mind and culture. The question is posed: Did the prevailing circumstances force mankind to develop its mental abilities, or did evolution plant the seeds of culture in the brain of Homo sapiens? As soon as we hear a question like this, we have the suspicion that its rests on a shaky metaphysical foundation: the distinction between natural evolution on the one hand, and mind, culture, art, myth, religion, and language on the other.

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Smith, Tanya M., Anne-Marie Bacon, Fabrice Demeter, et al. "Dental tissue proportions in fossil orangutans from mainland Asia and Indonesia." Human Origins Research 1, no. 1 (2011): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hor.2011.3.

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Orangutans (Pongo) are the only great ape genus with a substantial Pleistocene and Holocene fossil record, demonstrating a much larger geographic range than extant populations. In addition to having an extensive fossil record, Pongo shows several convergent morphological similarities with Homo, including a trend of dental reduction during the past million years. While studies have documented variation in dental tissue proportions among species of Homo, little is known about variation in enamel thickness within fossil orangutans. Here we assess dental tissue proportions, including conventional enamel thickness indices, in a large sample of fossil orangutan postcanine teeth from mainland Asia and Indonesia. We find few differences between regions, except for significantly lower average enamel thickness (AET) values in Indonesian mandibular first molars. Differences between fossil and extant orangutans are more marked, with fossil Pongo showing higher AET in most postcanine teeth. These differences are significant for maxillary and mandibular first molars. Fossil orangutans show higher AET than extant Pongo due to greater enamel cap areas, which exceed increases in enamel-dentine junction length (due to geometric scaling of areas and lengths for the AET index calculation). We also find greater dentine areas in fossil orangutans, but relative enamel thickness indices do not differ between fossil and extant taxa. When changes in dental tissue proportions between fossil and extant orangutans are compared with fossil and recent Homo sapiens, Pongo appears to show isometric reduction in enamel and dentine, while crown reduction in H. sapiens appears to be due to preferential loss of dentine. Disparate selective pressures or developmental constraints may underlie these patterns. Finally, the finding of moderately thick molar enamel in fossil orangutans may represent an additional convergent dental similarity with Homo erectus, complicating attempts to distinguish these taxa in mixed Asian faunas.

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Fullagar, R. L. K., D. M. Price, and L. M. Head. "Early human occupation of northern Australia: archaeology and thermoluminescence dating of Jinmium rock-shelter, Northern Territory." Antiquity 70, no. 270 (1996): 751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00084040.

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The nature and date of the human colonization of Australia remains a key issue in prehistory at the world scale, for a sufficiently early presence there indicates either Homo sapiens sapiens arriving precociously in a place remote from a supposed African origin, or a greater competence in sea-crossing than has been expected of archaic humans. Stratigraphic integrity, the new science of luminescent dating and the recognition of worked stone and of rock-engraving are immediate issues in this report from far northwestern Australia.

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Varadarajan, Rajan. "Market Exchanges, Negative Externalities and Sustainability." Journal of Macromarketing 40, no. 3 (2020): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146720926525.

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Lusch (2017), in an insightful article published posthumously, enumerated and elaborated on four macro observations concerning Homo sapiens and exchange. He noted that Homo sapiens massively (1) engage in exchanges with each other, (2) create tools to facilitate exchanges, (3) engage in exchanges with the vast majority of costs being unseen, and (4) create institutions to efficiently coordinate exchanges and interactions among the parties to the exchanges. Lusch also proposed a number meta-questions pertaining to the above macro views on Homo sapiens and exchange for future research. This article focuses on the following questions highlighted by Lusch in reference to the unseen costs of market exchanges from an economic, environmental and social sustainability perspective: (1) Do any of the theories that are currently in vogue shed light into unseen costs of market exchanges, or is there a need for new theories? (2) Can some or most unseen costs of market exchanges be quantified? (3) How important is it for individuals, organizations and governments to consider the unseen costs of market exchanges? In reference to the last question, the article proposes manifestos for Citizen Consumer Environmental Oath, Company Manager Environmental Oath, and Country Leader Environmental Oath, highlights the need to develop guiding consensus principles on Government Sustainability Responsibility, Corporate Sustainability Responsibility and Consumer Sustainability Responsibility, and proposes a principle in respect of each.

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Bandyopadhyay, Amal Kumar, Rifat Nawaz Ul Islam, Debanjan Mitra, Sahini Banerjee, and Arunava Goswami. "Analysis of salt-bridges in prolyl oligopeptidase from Pyrococcus furiosus and Homo sapiens." Bioinformation 15, no. 3 (2019): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630015214.

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Mehlman, Michael J. "Provenience, age and associations of archaic Homo sapiens crania from Lake Eyasi, Tanzania." Journal of Archaeological Science 14, no. 2 (1987): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(87)90003-3.

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Clark, J. Desmond, Yonas Beyene, Giday WoldeGabriel, et al. "Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia." Nature 423, no. 6941 (2003): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01670.

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Liu, Gaohua, Yuanpeng J. Huang, Rong Xiao, Dongyan Wang, Thomas B. Acton, and Gaetano T. Montelione. "NMR structure of F-actin-binding domain of Arg/Abl2 from Homo sapiens." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 78, no. 5 (2009): 1326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.22656.

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Tomonaga, Masaki. "Perception of shape from shading in chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and humans ( Homo sapiens )." Animal Cognition 1, no. 1 (1998): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050004.

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