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Silva, Athbandanage Indika Priyantha De. "INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION IN INTRA-STATE CONFLICTS: THE CASE IN SRI LANKA." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32811.
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This thesis attempts to understand various factors involved with the intervention of powerful countries in the affairs of weaker countries, taking the Indian intervention in Sri Lanka as a case study. It examines shifts in Indias intervention decisions during the period between the contemporary independence of both countries and the end of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka in 2009. The thesis primarily focuses upon four significant incidents that triggered intervention by India in Sri Lanka, and explores how Indias domestic concerns and strategic interests affected Indias intervention decisions under various socio-economic and geo-political situations. By analyzing both strategic and domestic concerns and how they impacted Indias intervention in Sri Lanka during the concerned period, this thesis argues that the Indian decision for intervention in Sri Lanka is deeply shaped by its strong domestic concerns. Indian governments adjusted their intervention decisions to maintain the domestic stability of the country, irrespective of the strategic impact of intervention. Even though Indian governments preferred to maintain a cordial relationship with Sri Lanka, domestic pressure could compel Indian governments to intervene in Sri Lanka. Sometimes, India decided not to intervene when the pressure on the central government was weak, or when more important domestic concerns arose which favored non-intervention. As far as Indias intervention decisions in the future are concerned, domestic factors will constrain Indias flexibility in shaping decisions to intervene in Sri Lanka.
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Mylvaganam, Kumar. "Political risk, instability and international tourist development in a Third World country." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249818.
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Algar-Faria, Gilberto John. "State-society relations and the international-local nexus in post-war Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743046.
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Tuchman, Paula Schrier. "Weak but not meek an international society explanation of asymmetric deterrence /." access full-text, 1995. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/umi-r.pl?9601994.pdf.
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Perera, Wilfred. "Improving school functioning – the inschool and out of school blend – the Sri Lankan effort." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7252.
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Sri Lanka’s past, present and future efforts to improve the provision of education are in focus. Decentralization of education is reviewed. Since 1960s when decentralization in education management was initiated schools have been subjected to multiple control by the such layers of management as the provincial ministry, provincial department, zonal office and the division. To reduce role ambiguity clarity in division of roles and functions is needed as well as collaboration among the different layers. Historical and recent reasons that hinder decentralisation and school autonomy are reviewed. Structural and cultural changes that facilitate the democratisation of school management are proposed. The newest trend in educational decentralisation in the country the Programme on School Improvement (PSI) is a kind of school based management. In PSI, schools are given a degree of autonomy in the areas of planning, teaching-learning process, co-curricular activities, staff development and the maintenance and development of the school plant. PSI enables schools to forge links with local communities through the establishment of a School Development Committees to improve resource mobilization and public accountability, thus creating better learning cultures in schools. The role and functions of the zonal education office are examined. The role of the zone is proposed to provide strategic guidance to the schools and effectively monitor overall performance. The zones have to work with schools and not on schools. The role and the main challenges of the school leaders in the proposed decentralized set-up are also examined and the need for more collaborative partnerships within the school is emphasized. The research further examines the factors that contribute to the institutionalisation of the new organizational innovation and as to how the capacity building institutes can help in transforming the roles of the zonal staff and school leaders.
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Tennakoon, Kadupitige Upalinie Ajitha. "General equilibrium analysis of Sri Lanka's trade liberalization policy options." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3120046.
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Sri Lanka's trade regime has been gradually liberalized over the last two decades with the aim of deeper integration into the global economy. The purpose of this study is to present a quantitative assessment of the impacts of major unilateral, regional and multilateral trade liberalization on Sri Lanka, and rank the trade policy options in terms of their welfare effects. This study contributes to the empirical literature on trade liberalization. The Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model is used to analyze the welfare effects of trade liberalization in a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium framework. The results show that if Sri Lanka implements the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA), while maintaining 15 percent external tariffs for the rest of the world, this combined policy would provide the highest welfare gain to Sri Lanka. The SAFTA by its own would provide the second-highest ranked gain from the trade reforms due to the benefits of preferential access to the large SAARC market. The third-highest ranked policy option comes under the unilateral reduction of import tariffs to 15 percent scenario. As results indicate, the Indo-Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ILFTA) offers the fourth-highest policy option for Sri Lanka. Finally, the phasing-out of MFA on Textiles and Clothing under the Uruguay Round Agreement, rank as the fifth-highest policy option for Sri Lanka. Thus, regional trade liberalization is far more preferable to unilateral and multilateral liberalization. However, as the GTAP model permits, these rankings based on only to the static welfare gains, ignoring the dynamic effect of trade liberalization. In addition, the gravity model has been employed to examine the determinants of Sri Lanka's bilateral trade flows with her selected trading partners, in order to sort out the influence of geographical proximity versus preferential trading policies in creating a regional concentration in trade. Our results confirm the validity of geographical factors such as proximity and cultural familiarity, as determinants of Sri Lanka's trade with neighbouring countries. They suggest that the selected trading partners are “natural trading partners” of Sri Lanka.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Talpahewa, Chanaka Harsha. "Peace process in Sri Lanka and implications of the Norwegian involvement (2002-2008)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608245.
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Smith, Justin O. "Maritime interdiction in counterinsurgency the role of the Sri Lankan Navy in the defeat of the Tamil Tigers /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FSmith%5FJustin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, South East Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Porch, Douglas; Second Reader: Kline, Jeffrey F. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Sri Lanka, Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, Maritime Interdiction, Irregular Warfare, Piracy, Counter-piracy, Maritime Terrorism, Arms Smuggling, Counter-arms Smuggling, Maritime Security Operations, Small Boat Tactics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76). Also available in print.
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Garcia, Gonzalez Erika A. "The Onset of Genocide/Politicide: Considering External Variables." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295567.
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Shankar, Jyotsna. "Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Sri Lanka and Cyprus: Avoiding a Stalemate." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/201.
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By comparing the post-conflict reconstruction patterns of Cyprus and Sri Lanka, it is possible to evaluate what was or was not effective in the Cyprus case and how these lessons may be applied to Sri Lanka. Considering the underlying similarities of the two islands’ respective conflicts, the focus determining the best course of action for Sri Lanka, so that it does not face the same stalemate situation as Cyprus. The recommended policy contrasts with the consociationalist models proposed for Cyprus, and is instead based on the unique Basque model of autonomy.
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Paramalingam, Sandrasegaram. "Sovereignty, self-determination and human rights in international law, with special reference to the Tamil people of Sri Lanka." Thesis, Keele University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602811.
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International law has evolved to recognise the state as its primary subject and as a member of the family of nations. The United Nations Organisation has formulated many legal regimes in order to impose duties and responsibilities on states and to regulate state affairs in order to achieve the goals of the Charter, including the protection and promotion of the rights of peoples and minorities. The jurisprudence of international law recognises that duty, responsibility and accountability of states are integral elements of sovereignty. This research aims to appraise the impact of concepts of sovereignty, self-determination and human rights on state and examines whether the regimes created in order to recognise these concepts have achieved the anticipated goals. Further, it explores whether there is a need for the institutions of the UN and regional groupings to play a more positive role in achieving the ultimate aims of these regimes. Based on the above inquiry, it is intended to identify whether sovereign state has become a legal entity under the regimes of international law and, thereby, is treated as 'juridical state', whose rights and duties are regulated by international law. If state is a primary subject and juridical entity of international law why are' the international regimes of rights experiencing legal and non-legal resistance from states? Contemporary international law has formulated and developed mechanisms for settlement of inter - states disputes. However, there is a lack of international mechanisms for resolving internal conflicts which cannot be resolved nationally due to the fact that the institutions of the state will not undermine the sovereignty of the state. In this thesis, an attempt is made to demonstrate the difficulties in enforcing the legal entitlements of peoples, nations and minorities which are granted by international legal regimes. As a result of the absence of an appropriate forum to resolve the disputes between states and non - state actors over their respective entitlements enshrined in international regimes, there are many internal conflicts which cause threats to international peace and security. Relying on the above mentioned three concepts and their jurisprudence, this research aims to identify the legal dimensions of the sovereignty claim of the Tamil people of Sri Lanka. Prior to colonial rule there were Sinhala and Tamil native kingdoms. The Sinhalese and Tamils had lived within their historically demarcated territories. These kingdoms were conquered by different colonial rulers over a period of time. The entire island was brought under highly centralised administration by the British and it underwent a series of socio- political and legal Since the de - colonisation in 1948, the Sinhala and Tamil- speaking people have struggled to their legal rights and the internal conflict has drawn the attention of the UN and the international community. two of the thesis, attempts are made to identify the legal dimensions of the internal conflict, the sovereignty m of the Tamil- speaking people and the application of law to reach the judicial settlement required to the internal conflict. In short, this thesis focuses on the legal status of sovereignty, self-determination and human rights in international law and how these concepts could be accommodated to resolve the internal conflict of Sri Lanka.
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Aneja, Urvashi. "Contesting the humanitarian regime in political emergencies : international NGO policies and practices in Sri Lanka & Afghanistan, 1990-2010." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:305234b5-d2dd-4675-bb70-d7345f06813a.
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The legal humanitarian regime, set out in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, strives to alleviate human suffering through the provision of emergency goods and services, such as food supplies, water, temporary shelter, and medical treatment. This thesis examines how international non-government organizations (INGOs) contribute to the contestation of this regime in political emergencies, the effects of this contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation. The thesis develops an analytical framework for understanding the nature and functioning of the legal humanitarian regime, and argues that INGO contestation occurs through the two processes of regime interpretation and regime implementation. It then goes on to identify the substantive content and effects of contestation, and the factors driving INGO contestation of the regime, through a detailed study of the policies and practices of CARE, Médecins Sans Frontiers, Oxfam, and World Vision, in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, from 1990-2010. The thesis argues that contestation has constitutive effects, as it re-defines the meaning of the formal humanitarian regime, and the underlying rules and norms that specify the regime’s function, scope, and operating principles. Contestation also has causal effects, as it can make INGOs participants in the conflict, eroding thereby the basis on which they negotiate access and their ability to respond to humanitarian needs, and the security of their staff. It has also facilitated the subordination of humanitarian assistance by donor states and combatants to their political and security objectives. INGO identity - expressed in terms of the constituent rules and norms that define INGO membership, their mandate and goals, and the manner in which they distinguish themselves from other actors - is argued to be a necessary factor for explaining INGO contestation. The focus on identity highlights the agency of INGOs in shaping the humanitarian regime and demonstrates that INGOs are not simply at the mercy of more powerful actors or external constraints.
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Al, Darmaki Stacey Tamara. "A comparative analysis of the recruitment, deployment and treatment of child soldiers by non-state armed groups in Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka and El Salvador." Thesis, Kingston University, 2012. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/23707/.
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Over the past decades concern, legislation and research related to the phenomenon of child soldiers has increased in both scope and depth. Much is known about the experiences that children undergo, their recruitment both voluntary and forced by non-state armed groups, their training and deployment and the abuse that they are both forced to endure and forced to commit against others. This thesis builds upon this knowledge by exploring in a systematic and comparative way, not previously undertaken, how the type of conflict impacts on child soldiering. Three conflicts, each with a non-state entity which used child soldiers were comparatively assessed. One a criminal enterprise rooted in the extraction of resources, one ethno-nationalist in origin and revolving around claims and counter-claims to sovereignty over a particular territory and one a left-wing insurgency which aimed to reconfigure the social, economic and political structures of the state. Each had unique aspects but there were also some similarities. To allow for a fuller understanding of these differences and similarities it was useful to think of the conflicts as ranging along a spectrum. The spectrum that was used was that of new war/old war which allowed the conflicts to be situated according to their characteristics but which also enabled, through use of the moving continuum, the conflicts to be seen over the course of the time period in which they were conducted, as they moved along the spectrum in response to changes in the conflict. To explore how each conflict affected child soldier's experiences the research included interviews with relevant experts, the collection of quantative and qualitative data and an extensive overview of the literature. A comparative assesment of how support for the group, access to resources, the groups' use of violence, the manipulation of culture by the groups for their own ends and whether children had space to act on their initiative underpinned by the triangulation of the information collected enabled robust conclusions to be drawn. The findings showed that the hypothesis that the type of conflict impacts on children's recruitment, deployment and abuse within non-state armed groups holds true. A study of the aforementioned factors highlight that the type of conflict the groups were involved with acted to restrain, or not, the actions of the group towards children in each of the three areas, recruitment, deployment and abuse. Yet the findings showed great complexity, in some important ways the groups' behaviour showed similarities. These were related in part to the trajectory ofthe conflicts and in part to similarities between the groups in terms of motivation and support, factors that at times mitigated group behaviour and at others times allowed groups to act in extreme ways.
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Smith, Janel. "Civil society, human security, and the politics of peace-building in victor's peace Sri Lanka (2009-2012)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/937/.
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This thesis aims to expand scholarship on civil society and peace-building through exploration of civil society’s experiences, perspectives, and practices in relation to the politics of peace-building and human (in)security in instances of victor’s peace, using post-war Sri Lanka as case study. It adopts Human Security as an analytical approach calling attention to insecurities operating on and through Sri Lankans but also the nature of power dynamics underlying these insecurities based on the subjective and political nature of ‘peace’ itself. The thesis contributes conceptually and empirically to knowledge of the operation of victor’s peace and its implications for civil society in peace-building. This thesis’s central contention is that acts of securitization and governmentality carried out by Sri Lanka’s central governmental elite within and enabled by the victor’s peace have constricted spaces for civil society to articulate alternatives or engage in critical dialogue within the political process fostered under the victor’s peace. This study, thus, questions romanticized notions of the potentiality of ‘local’ resistances to shift structural inequalities and power asymmetries in victor’s peace. At a disciplinary level, the thesis also deepens knowledge, first, on civil society as complex and contested sphere. It argues that to conceptualize civil society as homogenous or inherently altruistic risks drastically oversimplifying its highly diffuse nature and politics within the sector in which certain actors may benefit within the victor’s peace and engage in ‘peace’-building activities in order to both capitalise on those benefits and sustain the victor’s peace. Second, the thesis addresses the nexus between civil society and peace-building, and specifically the politics of peace-building, in the victor’s peace. In not being constrained by negotiated peace settlement it asserts that, as in Sri Lanka, instances of victor’s peace can quickly transition into repressive environments. Here it is unlikely that civil society, despite innovative methods of exercising agency, can significantly alter the trajectories of the ‘peace’, and further that those civil society actors that support the victor’s peace may seek to exploit the benefits they gain from it at the expense of the human security of others. Finally, the thesis asserts that, ultimately, Human Security’s utility may lie not as political agenda that validates external intervention based on a ‘responsibility’ to intervene, but as a conceptual framework for developing deeper understandings of the nature of (in)security and factors driving (in)security at multiple levels of analysis within different articulations or ‘types’ of peace.
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Amarilla, Chloe. "An Evaluation of the Sri Lankan Government’s Policies in the Defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2019.
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The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) were branded as the most dangerous and deadly extremists in the world by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in January of 2008. The Tamil Tigers are held responsible for perfecting the use of suicide bombers, inventing the suicide belt, being the first to use women in suicide attacks, and killing nearly 4,000 people in the one year prior to 2008. The LTTE is the only terrorist organization to have assassinated two world leaders, Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, and Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa. They were also the first to acquire air power and their strike on Sri Lanka’s World Trade Center was the largest terrorist assault before the September 11 attacks in 2001. It took the government of Sri Lanka over thirty years to rid the country of this powerful terrorist group.
This paper will investigate what caused the fall of the Tamil Tigers. In my second chapter, I will evaluate the policies and military strategies adopted by the government. My third chapter will look at the role of international actors in the conflict and their effects. Lastly, in my fourth chapter, I will examine key mistakes made by the LTTE that may have led to its own demise. In chapter five, I will analyze three possible causes for the defeat of the LTTE and what was the most significant in bringing its fall. It will also include its potential for replication in other countries and effects on foreign policy moving forward.
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Wijayatilake, Claire. "An autoethnographic inquiry into my practice and experiences as a teacher trainer and beginning principal at two international schools in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51694/.
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This thesis uses autoethography to explore the process of leading a teacher training programme in an international school in Sri Lanka, as well as the experience of becoming a Principal of another international school. It comprises two narrative accounts: the first of 20,000 words, describes a year spent in one of the most prestigious international schools in Colombo, and the second of 5,000 words, describes my first three months as Principal of a school in another, smaller town. These two narratives describe events soon after they happened. In the case of the first narrative, I use reflective techniques and the passage of time to look back on the events and my reactions to them from a different perspective. Using qualitative techniques of open and selective coding, the narratives as well as interviews with 15 teachers from the first school were analysed. This revealed the importance of school culture and of respecting the local culture, as well as the need for international schools to maintain contact with the local community. In terms of school leadership the thesis highlights the role of the school principal as the architect and nurturer of school culture, and highlights the role autoethnography can play in developing one’s own leadership skills. I attempt to evaluate my own autoethnographic accounts in terms of criteria presented by Bochner and Richardson (2000), and demonstrate my own process of personal and professional development. The thesis presents a case for the application of autoethnography to the fields of teacher development and school leadership.
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Markland, Alistair. "Knowledge and global advocacy : a sociological study of INGO practitioners and their epistemic limits." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2bf2fc16-7349-49f2-ad80-962d2e74d826.
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This doctoral research project conducts a political sociology of knowledge of non-governmental actors engaged in advocating and reporting on issues relating to conflict and human rights. It engages the following research question: what are the limits of knowledge produced by non-governmental advocates? This question is applied to empirical case studies looking at, firstly, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Crisis Group, and secondly, a network of global activists working on post-war Sri Lanka (2010-2014). Applying a Bourdieusian sociological framework, the thesis argues that professional advocates' epistemic practices are shaped by an array of socio-political dependencies. Contrasting with past applications of Bourdieu to International Relations, this thesis reveals contextually-specific dependencies through multiple levels and scales of analysis. At the organisational level, these dependencies manifest through advocacy NGOs' market-like relations with their targeted consumers, as well as their relations with rival knowledge producers. At the level of the human practitioner, it is shown how leading advocacy NGOs are reliant upon a relatively narrow labour market, consisting of practitioners who share a strong dispositional affinity with their consumers. Studying a smaller group of global advocates working on post-war Sri Lanka, the thesis also demonstrates how symbiotic relations between NGO practitioners and leading policy stakeholders had a structuring effect on advocates' network relations, as well as stimulating a deference to a dominant policy discourse of 'liberal peace'. Shifting the attention to advocates' extraction of knowledge from its proximal contexts, this thesis also examines the influence of advocates' localised dependencies. In the case of post-war Sri Lanka, it is shown how foreign advocates' knowledge is informed by a limited set of domestic actors, primarily encompassing the country's liberal elites. Overall, these dependencies are argued to place significant constraints on knowledge generated in advocacy contexts - limits that differ to other modes of knowledge production.
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Cunningham, Andrew John. "The relationship between humanitarian international non-governmental organisations and states in periods of civil war : case study of Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland and the Government of Sri Lanka." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-humanitarian-international-nongovernmental-organisations-and-states-in-periods-of-civil-war(9eb90896-95db-4efd-bb42-5fc0c783d654).html.
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This research examines the relationship between a humanitarian international non-governmental organisation (INGO) and a state against the background of civil war. This relationship is established as two sets of norms in tension: The moral as represented and made operational by humanitarian INGOs and the political as articulated and practised by states, mediated through the discourse of identity. Specifically the study investigates the constructed relationship between the humanitarian INGO Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland (MSF-H) and the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) during two periods of the Sri Lankan civil war (2006 and 2008-2009). A negotiation structure is proposed where an external actor—a humanitarian INGO—attempts to operate within the internal environment of a state. For a state, civil war is a ‘state of exception’, where a government’s prerogative to act outside ‘normal’ legal and moral boundaries may be taken up and where international actors are securitised. For a humanitarian organisation a civil war is defined as a humanitarian crisis which must be responded to using humanitarian principles in a non-political manner. This case study relationship is viewed from both MSF-Holland’s and the GoSL’s perspectives. On the side of the GoSL the study describes and analyses the government’s decision-making when faced by international criticism, a humanitarian crisis, and international organisations attempting to work on its territory. The background for the GoSL’s actions is extensively explored. MSF-Holland’s response to the thinking and actions by the GoSL is also closely examined, as is its internal discussions concerning its role in the context as a humanitarian actor. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse the primary source material. It was found that when securitised MSF-H had various options in responding: Accommodation to the demands of the GoSL; withdrawal from the country; counter-attacking the government; or concealment—hiding itself from attention. Rejecting these MSF-H chose desecuritisation. In the 2006 period engagement between the actors was possible albeit difficult; the securitisation process was manageable through desecuritisation. However, in the 2008-2009 period securitisation prohibited action and speech, and desecuritisation was not effective. The thesis proposes a theoretical framework—a negotiation structure, within which to understand these interactions, based on the case study findings. The conclusion points to further research needs and discusses the usefulness of the proposed negotiation structure to other contexts.
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Barbosa, Tânia Isabel Lopes. "A ajuda internacional e as guerras civis: uma relação perversa?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/646.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalNo século XXI, continuam a predominar nos países pobres guerras civis travadas por razões como a ambição da secessão do Estado e luta pela inclusão, alimentadas por diversos factores (recursos naturais, clivagens étnicas, diáspora), e com graves consequências para essas sociedades. É nesse contexto que actua a ajuda internacional com o compromisso de salvar vidas e de minimizar o sofrimento humano. Esta dissertação reflecte sobre a possível influência da APD no agravamento e no prolongamento dos conflitos. Por um lado, a ajuda internacional está associada a interesses políticos, económicos e geoestratégicos que poderão determinar o comportamento dos doadores. Por outro, existem aspectos técnicos da distribuição da ajuda pelos actores humanitários que influenciam a dinâmica da paz e da guerra. Essa hipótese é testada à luz dos casos das guerras civis no Sri Lanka e em Angola. Apesar de ser indiscutível que, em ambos os casos, a ajuda internacional tenha desempenhado um papel fundamental na distribuição de bens básicos, ela terá sido marcada por alguns trâmites menos positivos na sua actuação e interferido em questões de carácter político, indo além dos seus objectivos básicos de distribuição de ajuda de forma neutra, imparcial e universal. A problemática da ajuda em contextos de guerra civil será sempre marcada por problemas e pela diversidade de posições sobre os seus princípios, os seus objectivos e os seus instrumentos. Esta dissertação visou apenas lançar algumas pistas para reflexão futura com o objectivo fundamental de melhorar o impacto da ajuda
At the beginning of the 21st century we are still faced with a bi-polarized world between poor and rich countries. The former are marked by civil war where conflict exists between local governments and groups of insurgents who are fighting for self-governance or inclusion. Civil war is sustained by several factors (natural resources, ethnic tension, diaspora) and causes serious damage to those societies. International aid generally intervenes in this context, the basic objective being to save lives and minimize human suffering. This dissertation reflects upon the impact Official Development Assistance has on prolonging such conflicts. On the one hand, international aid is linked to political, economic and geostrategic interests that might determine donors' behaviour and decisions. On the other hand, there are technical issues related to the role of humanitarian actors and development agencies which might negatively impact upon the dynamics of peace and war. The hypothesis of the negative influence of aid is analysed in the case studies of both the Sri Lankan and Angolan civil wars. Although it is undeniable that international aid has played a crucial role in both countries, it may have been characterized by some less positive aspects. International aid in these countries may have interfered in political issues, going beyond the basic aim of aid distribution in a neutral, impartial and universal way. The predicament of aid in the context of civil war is dominated by a range of problems and by the diversity of positions and approaches concerning principles, aims and instruments. This dissertation aims to explore ideas for future reflection with the primary objective of improving the success of aid
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Boggs, Christy F. "Where do we go from here? The impact of immigration on the educational pathway of Sri Lankan women growing up in Italy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1462472681.
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Höglund, Kristine. "Peace negotiations in the shadow of violence /." Leiden [u.a.] : Nijhoff, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2007048289.html.
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Toncarová, Alena. "Srí Lanka – ekonomika a postavení na trhu mezinárodního cestovního ruchu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358843.
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This diploma thesis deals with the economy and the position of Sri Lanka in the international tourism market. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the performance of Sri Lankan economy and the country's position in the international tourism market. The thesis also concentrates on assessing the competitiveness of both the economy and the tourism industry. The development of the country is analyzed since the end of the civil war. The first chapter theoretically defines key concepts related to the issue of international tourism. The second chapter deals with the economy of Sri Lanka. Firstly, the structure of economy is introduced. Secondly, macroeconomic indicators and international trade are assessed and thirdly, the competitiveness of Sri Lankan economy is analyzed. The third chapter deals with tourism in Sri Lanka. After the presentation of tourism preconditions, the economic characteristics of the sector and of its impact on the national economy follow. The organizational structure and the tourism competitiveness are evaluated afterwards. Finally, SWOT analysis of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka is conducted.
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Soosaithasan, Solène Nadia. "La quête de l’honneur apaisée de la « grandeur indienne ». : Déni de reconnaissance des « tigres tamouls » et événements catalyseurs au Sri Lanka. identité virile et inimitié des décideurs dans un conflit (1987-1990 puis 2000-2009)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20028.
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La quêtede l’honneurpeut paraitre désuète de nos jours en Occident mais cela n’est pas forcément le cas si l’on poussait plus loin les analyses. Elle caractérise depuislongtemps les relations entre les décideurs indiens et les dirigeants de la région Asie du Sud. Les relations avec les belligérants sri lankais n’en font pas exception. L’honneur et la gloire sont souvent le produit d’un éthos guerrier et d’une démonstration de virilité de la part des dirigeants politiques et non pas uniquement des militaires.La virilité n’est donc pas biologique mais est un construit politique et social. Les heurts ont été nombreux quant à la résolution du conflit sri lankais.Les décisions, attitudes et actions prises par les Indiens ont été façonnées par les interactions avec leurs interlocuteurs sri lankais et par des éléments extrêmement importants que nous qualifions d’« événements catalyseurs».Après le départ de l’IPKF et l’assassinat de Rajiv Gandhi, les dirigeants indiens ont adopté une autre attitude et des discours plus apaisés vis-à-vis des dirigeants sri lankais tout en refusant de reconnaitre les « Tigres tamouls » (LTTE), une guérilla tamoule au Sri Lanka. La reconnaissance de la part des dirigeants indiens vis-à-vis des décideurs sri lankais a par ailleurs permis la résolution du conflit sri lankais par des moyens militaires. Vingt ans auparavant, cela aurait été totalement inconcevable pour les dirigeants indiens de laisser ainsi faire les décideurs sri lankais. La reconnaissance de part et d’autre a donc pu permettre d’améliorer les relations interpersonnelles et interétatiques indiennes et sri lankaisesToday, the quest for honor can seemoutdated in Western countries. But for a long timeit has characterizedthe relationships between the Indian decision-makers and the South Asian leaders. Relationships with Sri Lankan protagonists are also shaped by this question of honor but also of glory. Just as the military, political leaders are also influenced by honor and glory which are often produced by a warrior ethos So they want to show their manliness. Virility is not biological but a political and social construct. Throughout the resolution of the Indian-Sri Lankan conflict, numerous clashes took place between between their respective leaders. Decisions, attitudes and actions taken by the Indians have been shaped by their interactions with their Sri Lankan counterparts. And this evolution has also been possible because of “catalyst events”. After the IPKF’s withdrawal and Rajiv Gandhi’s murder,Indian decision-makers refused to recognize the“Tamil Tigers” guerilla (Liberation Tamil Tigers of Eelam, in Sri Lanka. But the Indian Political leaders’ recognition of the Sri Lankan rulersopened the way to a conflict resolution with military means. Twenty-years ago it would have been completely impossible for the Indians to allow the Sri Lankans to have their way.Recognition on both parts have largely improved the Indian and the Sri Lankan interpersonal and interstate relationships
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Mazzanti, Maria Rita. "From State sovereignty to responsibility to protect." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/45eb019724sn6sg9mcu4j489l.
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Notre étude a pour objet l’analyse des développements politiques et juridiques relatifs au concept de “Responsabilité de protéger“ (R2P). Notre recherche est conduite selon deux parcours parallèles : l’un traite de l’évolution du concept de souveraineté et de l’importance grandissante du rôle qu’assume la communauté internationale dans les affaires internes d’un Etat ; l’autre est consacré à la notion d’intervention à des fins humanitaires et des leçons qui découlent des expériences des années ‘90. Notre point de départ était que ce que la Responsabilité de protéger est ou n’est pas aujourd'hui, doit être compris à la lumière de cette évolution. Ayant délimité notre espace de recherche et identifié quels sont les éléments essentiels de la Responsabilité de protéger, nous avons evalué si, et de quelle manière la Responsabilité de protéger - après dix années d’existence - a été capable d’influencer la conduite de la communauté internationale, et, en particulier, du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies. C’est pourquoi nous avons choisi d’étudier quatre cas – Libye, Côte d’Ivoire et Sri Lanka et Syrie – où la Responsabilité de protéger a été invoquée ou aurait dû l’être, pour déterminer les règles applicables à l’avenir. Nous avons adopté pour hypothèse de recherche que la Responsabilité de protéger est influencée par cinq variables indépendantes, à savoir, , la dynamique des discussions au sein du Conseil de Sécurité, la perspective d’un succès raisonnable fondée sur l’analyse coûts/bénéfices; le rôle des organisations régionales/subrégionales concernées; les activités du Conseil des droits de l´homme et l´action de la société civileThe research was aimed at understanding by means of which developments in the political and legal thinking the R2P finally reached its present shape. To this end, we analyzed on one side the evolution of the concept of absolute sovereignty and the shift towards an increased involvement of the international community in the internal affairs of the individual states, and, on the other side, the modifications incurred in the concept of intervention for humanitarian purposes and the lessons learned out of the experiences of the 1990s. We have argued that what R2P is, or is not, should be understood in the light of this long development. Having then established what now R2P is about we wanted to measure to which extent R2P was able, in the ten years of its existence, to influence the behavior of the international community, and in particular of the United Nations Security Council. Hence, we selected four cases – Libya, Côte d’Ivoire Sri Lanka and Syria – where R2P was invoked or should have been invoked, with the aim of finding regularities useful for guiding future action. Our research hypothesis was that R2P is influenced by five main independent variables, namely: the dynamic within the Security Council (active involvement of some specific countries/country representatives); reasonable perspective of success/attractive cost-benefit profile; the role of the relevant regional/sub-regional organizations; the activity of the Human Rights Council; and the action of civil society
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Lin, En Wei Elhoueiss Jean-Luc. "Les sources doctrinales du droit international privé taïwanais." Strasbourg : Université Robert Schuman, 2008. http://urs-srv-eprints.u-strasbg.fr/316/01/Lin_En_Wei_2008.pdf.
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Seifert, Frank-Florian. "Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Sri-Lanka-Tamilen zwischen Sezession und Integration." Stuttgart : Steiner, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/312095619.pdf.
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Fourman, Jeffrey F. "When Insurgents Go Terrorist: The Role of Foreign Support in the Adoption of Terrorism." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1399546682.
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Ni, Baozhi. "Shui yu zheng feng : duo ji shi jie yu Zhongguo /." Ji'nan Shi : Shandong da xue chu ban she, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/chi0801/2007320831.html.
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Mulle, Oliver. "Management Compensation Auswirkungen von IFRS 2 auf die SMI-Geschäftsberichte 2004/2005 /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00635292001/$FILE/00635292001.pdf.
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Lam, Tung-fei, and 林同飛. "Strategies teachers used to adapt materials of second language Chinese in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme : enacting international mindedness? = Guo ji wen ping yu ke ke cheng di er yu yan Han yu ke jiao shi diao shi jiao cai de ce lüe : shi jian guo ji yi shi?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209525.
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Attinger, Barbara Jeanne Bauerreis Jochen Rüssmann Helmut. "Der Mittelpunkt der hauptsächlichen Interessen nach der EuInsVO - erfolgreiches Konzept oder Quelle der Rechtsunsicherheit? eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zuständigkeitskriterium der Europäischen Insolvenzverordnung unter Heranziehung der Erkenntnisse der ökonomischen Analyse des Rechts /." Strasbourg : Université Robert Schuman, 2008. http://urs-srv-eprints.u-strasbg.fr/312/01/ATTINGER_Barbara_2008.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Droit privé : Strasbourg 3 : 2008. Thèse de doctorat : Privatrecht : Universität des Saarlandes : 2008.Thèse soutenue en cotutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 325-355. Notes bibliogr.
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Hall, Christopher I. "Sir Herbert Butterfield, Arnold J. Toynbee and Martin Wight and the crisis of international politics : a study in international thought." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14399.
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This thesis examines the international thought of Sir Herbert Butterfield, Arnold J. Toynbee and Martin Wight, commonly portrayed in International Relations as 'realist', 'revolutionist' and 'rationalist' thinkers respectively. Their thought is reconsidered in terms of what they each perceived to be a crisis in the international realm. This perception, it is argued, shaped their distinctive understandings of the contemporary and future state of international relations. In contrast to many of their peers, Butterfield, Toynbee and Wight turned to religion and to history to aid their comprehension of the challenges that international crisis posed, and to help them form and articulate their desired practical responses. This thesis explores in detail both the religious beliefs of each man and their understandings of the nature of the past and historical knowledge, seeking to offer a view of the foundations of their international thought. In the second half, their diagnoses of international crisis are explored, and the responses they put forward to ameliorate it. It is argued that Butterfield, Toynbee and Wight are best not understood as 'realist', 'revolutionist' and 'rationalist', and it is asserted that such categories, far from aiding our understanding of the history of international thought, serve to obscure the nature of each man's work in the field.
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Kindier, Adeel Karagiannis Symeon. "Le droit relatif aux utilisations des cours d'eau internationaux à des fins autres que la navigation étude à propos des cours d'eau internationaux dans le monde arabe /." Strasbourg : Université Robert Schuman, 2008. http://urs-srv-eprints.u-strasbg.fr/344/01/Kindier_adeel_2008.pdf.
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Zheng, Ellen Yue. "Construction of international news: a study of Libya Crisis coverage in Chinese newspapers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/93.
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In the past three decades, the Chinese news media has experienced great leaps from a propaganda machine to market-oriented industry. Although the state has managed to strengthen the information control, heterogeneity in journalistic value orientations has constructed different media discourses. This thesis discusses the diversity within different news organizations in China, and the influence of state-media dynamics on the quality and role of journalism. Previous literature in the area of media-power relations fQ us on the general landscape of Chinese media shaped by the three forces: the state, the market and the professionalism while neglecting individual cases which contribute for the complexity of the intertwined mechanisms. Supported by the sociological theory of news production and concepts from international relations, this study uses a micro approach to examine the process of international news making in two newspapers. The arguments in this study are based on in-depth interviews with 25 journalists, participant observation, and textual analyses of news reports on Libya Crisis. This study has three major findings. Firstly, the intricate power relations of social forces within China's social context produces much space, as well as obstacles, for the professional practice of journalism. The liberal newspapers keep challenging the state and pushing the boundary of media autonomy while the party organs still serve for maintaining CCP's legitimacy but package the "old wine" in a new way. Secondly, the old Chinese ideology dominated by official communism has been broken up by the emergence of neo-conservatism, old and new-leftism, liberalism and other intellectual discourses which influence the government's decision-making on domestic and international issues. Accordingly, international news reports in newspapers with various interests are manifestations of the divides. Thirdly, the different value preference of newspapers decides the media behaviors. Some choose to speak for the party and help maintain existing social order, while some others serve for public interests. Although both of them practice self-censorship, the former enjoy commercial benefits from seeking refuge from the authority and the latter promote social development by using tactics in news reports. The discrepancy creates space for diversified discourses that added to the complexity of power structures in Chinese media.
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Friedheim, Thomas. "An industrial organization approach towards the world tea economy with special focus on auction theory and futures markets (Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia) /." Saarbrücken : Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36240851.html.
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Lam, Hok-chung. "International law in Late Qing China introduction, interpretation and application = Wan Qing guo ji fa de chuan ru, quan shi yu ying yong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36266061.
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Shi, Xin [Verfasser]. "The delegation of exclusive trade competence in EU : domestic interests, regional competence and international institutions / Xin Shi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025126254/34.
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Kita, Yasuo. "Sir Hersch Lauterpacht as a prototype of post-war modern international legal thought : analysis of international legalism in the universalisation process of the European law of nations." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3656/.
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This thesis explains how Sir Hersch Lauterpacht constructed his international legal theory in the universalisation process of the European law of nations. Introduction presents the general background of the universalisation process of the European law of nations. Chapter 1 discusses the situationality of Lauterpacht, which affected his life as an international lawyer, namely his Jewish background, the influence of Kelsen and the English tradition of international law. Lauterpacht's normative conception of the international community in the inter-war period is explicated in Chapter 2. hi Chapter 3,1 examine how Lauterpacht dealt with legal problems in the outlawry of war from the inter-war period to the end of the Second World War. Chapter 4 holds Lauterpacht's attempts to reconstruct the international community after World War E. Being opposed to political realism, Lauterpacht employed the Grotian Tradition in order to prove the historical value of his idealism. He moulded the function of states into the framework of his normative conception of the international community as civitas maxima with regard to recognition, collective security and the international protection of human rights. I demonstrate how Lauterpacht contributed to the work of the International Law Commission in Chapter 5 from 1952 to 1954. Chapter 6 examined the problems of the responsibility of international judges, namely their neutrality, legal reasoning, and the compatibility of’ automatic' reservation with the ICJ Statute. The conclusion is an appreciation of legalism within the framework of the universalisation of international law in the era of decolonisation.
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Thorén, Matilda, and Riim Said. "”Det är nyckeln in i livet, allt blir lättare när jag har språket” : En fenomenografisk studie om språkinlärningens betydelse för integrationen hos nyanlända kvinnor och män." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40186.
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Att leva i ett nytt land ställer nya utmaningar. Den nyanlända måste anpassa sig till nya traditioner, en ny kultur och ett nytt språk. Att lära sig kommunicera på ett nytt språk är för det mesta en komplicerad och lång process. Det finns många utmaningar och motivationen och drivkraften hos den nyanlända måste vara stark Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka vilken syn nyanlända har på språkets betydelse för integration och vilka faktorer de upplever som centrala för sin språkinlärning. Uppsatsen är byggd på tidigare forskning samt det insamlade intervjumaterialet med hjälp av fenomenografisk forskningsanalys. En kvalitativ studie med fenomenografisk analys har genomförts, där resultatet baseras på data från semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fjorton respondenter deltog i undersökningen, hälften män och hälften kvinnor. Respondenterna är alla elever på SFI i Nässjö kommun och intervjuerna utfördes på Nässjö Lärcenter. Intervjuerna genomfördes med hjälp av en intervjuguide som gav utrymme för följdfrågor. Resultatet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av fenomenografisk forskningsanalys med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskning samt det insamlade intervjumaterialet för att kunna besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. I resultatet presenteras fem kategorier som är indelade efter respondenternas inställningar som uppkom ur intervjuerna. Kategorierna fokuserar på deras generella inställning till språkinlärningen och dessa är: Den glada med positiv inställning, den tacksamma som vill ge tillbaka till samhället, den överlevande och praktiska, den uppgivna och frustrerade samt den målmedvetna och ambitiösa som törstar efter kunskap. I resultatet framkommer det att språket är ett viktigt verktyg för integrationen. Resultatet visar även att för flera av respondenterna var språket både det svåraste och det viktigaste med att integreras. De intervjuade diskuterade i flera fall att utan språket kan man inte bli en del utav samhället och att det svenska språket är som en nyckel in i Sverige och samhället. Detta belyser vikten av både institutionell språkutbildning och informella sätt att lära sig språket.Living in a new country poses new challenges. The immigrants must adapt to new traditions, a new culture and a new language. Learning to communicate in a new language is for most people a complicated and long process. They face many challenges and the immigrant’s motivation and willingness must be strong. The purpose of this paper has been to investigate what views immigrant have on the importance of language for integration and what factors they perceive as central to their language learning. The essay is based on previous research as well as the collected interview material using a phenomenografic research analysis. A qualitative study with phenomenografical analysis has been conducted, based on data from semi-structured interviews. Fourteen participants took part in the conducted interviews, half of the participants were men and half of them were women. The participants were all students at SFI in Nässjö Municipality and the interviews were conducted at Nässjö Lärcenter. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide that gave scope for follow-up questions. The result has then been analyzed by means of a phenomenographic research analysis, starting with previous research and the collected interview material in order to answer the essay questions. The result presented five categories that were sorted according to the participants conceptions that arose from the interviews. The categories focused on their general attitude towards language learning and these were: The happy one with positive attitude, the grateful one who wants to give back to society, the survivor and the practical, the stated and frustrated as well as the goal-conscious and ambitious who thirsts for knowledge. In the result, it appeared that language is a very important tool for integration. The result also showed that for many of the participants, the language was both the most difficult and the most important matter in integrating into society. The participants discussed in several cases that without the language one cannot be a part of society and that the Swedish language is a key in to Sweden and the society. This highlights the importance of both institutional language education and informal ways of learning the language.
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Kougia, Vasiliki. "La contribution des manuels scolaires de langue à la formation de l'identité nationale et à la constitution du soi international : la présentation du soi national au cours du temps." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805768.
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La présente thèse traite de la détection du rapport du discours des textes contenus dans les manuels scolaires de langue avec le type de citoyen que l'Etat souhaite former et de l'image du soi national qui est tracée dans ceux-ci. L'éducation, en tant qu'institution suprême de l'Etat natoinal par le manuel scolaire transmet aux sujets sociaux le récit de la nation de sorte de parvenir efficacement à la diffusion des valeurs nationales, des modèles nationaux et à la constitution d'une identité nationale commune. Etant donnée l'interaction entre texte et lecteur dans le processus éducatif, notre problématique focalise sur ce que reflète le discours de l'anthologie des manuels scolaires de langue, ce qui est incrusté en tant qu'idéologie nationale dans la conscience des élèves et quel type d'identité les groupes qui exercent le pouvoir désirent que les élèves forment au terme de leur scolarité au primaire. Donc cette étude part du double constat que l'exploration et l'analyse du contenu idéologique des manuels est révélatrice car ceux-ci contiennent l'ensemble des valeurs et des principes que le système éducatif désire transmettre en vue de former les caractéristiques du citoyen souhaitable mais aussi le rêve que chaque société prévoit pour elle-même. Par l'analyse du contenu des textes des manuels scolaires (des périodes 1983-2005 et 2006-2012) nous entreprenons l'exploration des messages, des attitudes, des valeurs et de l'image du soi national qui est tracée dans ceux-ci. Tout ce qui est mentionné ci-dessus contribue à la formation de l'identité nationale, à la construction du soi national et à l'incrustation de traits politiques et culturels des sujets sociaux. Dans les trouvailles de la recherche sont révélés et interprétés le présent de la Grèce moderne, le passé antique idéalisé et la tradition et la culture grecques "idolisées". En outre à la fin de chaque catégorie d'analyse nous entreprenons la présentation de l'image qui résulte de chaque catégorie, ce qui a d'ailleurs conduit à la validation des conclusions de notre projet de recherche.
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Pu, Li. "Globalization and marketization of China's television industry : a case study of southwest China's Chongqing Broadcasting Group /." Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1616796311&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-298). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Tesot, Longinus. "Managing Urban Sprawls in Cities of the Developing South : The Case of Slum Dwellers International." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201388.
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This thesis seeks to review Urban Sustainability in cities of the Developing South within the broader spectrum of Sustainable Development. Notably, the Developing South has for many years struggled to embrace Sustainability in its general terms: in part, because of the fragile institutions that cannot be counted on to uphold sustainability in the truest sense of the word; and in part because of the numerous challenges that often distract any attempt to prioritize Sustainable Development. Sustainability then becomes an option in the midst of other options, rather than an option that should affect all other options. Narrowing it down further to matters urban makes it even stranger in a host of cities across the Developing South. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to examine in depth the contextual challenges that have invariably stood in the way of Sustainable Development across the Developing South. While it may not be practically possible in a four-month study to offer outright solutions or recommendations that could address these challenges in entirety, this study nevertheless has endeavoured to stay true to the realities that are often ignored whenever challenges of Sustainable Development are mentioned on global platforms. Among these realities is the reality of slum presence in most cities of the Developing South that existentially complicates any equation for urban sustainability ever formulated to provide a way out or forward for these cities. State governments understand this too well, and so do Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and international organizations alike involved in the crusade for improved living conditions for city resident, and in particular slum residents. Yet the State governments have never been as resolute in their quest for slum free cities. The question then remains: exactly what are the sustainable approaches for this noble cause? While the State governments have over the years insisted on enforcing conventional approaches (that include forced evictions, relocations and/ or redevelopment); one international network, however, thinks and responds differently to slum situations. The network is Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI). It is considerably this network of slum dwellers and their undeniably innovative approach to urban sustainability and inclusivity that largely frames the direction and general content of this study. Specifically, the methodology adopted in the study is one of a Case study - which in this case is SDI; and two separate Cases, namely Railway Relocation Action Plan (RAP) in Nairobi, Kenya and slum Re-blocking project in Joe Slovo, Cape Town, South Africa, respectively - as typical cases that captures in large part the enormous contribution that SDI is making towards inclusive and sustainable cities in the Developing South. In the discussion part, however, the study introduces Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as a comparative methodology to SDI’s approach. SSM particularly benefits from LUMAS model and Social Learning – both key components that potentially reserve a dynamic capacity to enriching SDI’s approach as a future reference methodology for urban sustainability and inclusivity.
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Pilote, Chantal. "L'estime de soi et la motivation de jeunes adolescents inscrits dans un programme d'enrichissement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25704.pdf.
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Pillainayagam, Priyanthan A. "The After Effects of Colonialism in the Postmodern Era: Competing Narratives and Celebrating the Local in Michael Ondaatje’s Anil’s Ghost." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1337874544.
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Fawaz, Helen. "Refugees’ physical and mental health, after arriving in Sweden: An unfolding process : A Qualitative case study on the dilemmas with refugee facilities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-103815.
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This case study touches on the development of refugees’ mental and physical health from their stays in the refugee facilities during and after the limbo process for a temporary and permanent visa, which in turn affected their socioeconomic integration. Seven refugees and their families that came to Sweden during the refugee crisis in 2015-2016 and were moved to a facility where I worked, were interviewed on how those issues impacted them. With the help of Egon Kunz’s [Refugee Theory] theory, the study showed that constant relocation to different facilities in Sweden, and experienced events and conflicts at the facilities have resulted in long-term health and socioeconomic problems. Such as PTSD, mental and physical recovery from occurred events at the facilities, in turn, negatively affecting socioeconomic integration. Additional research in those issues showed that other countries like Germany, which also had a large influx of refugees during that time, had better and faster success with integration when they helped the refugees with the language and societal information at the beginning of limbo. Because their interest in learning and integrating is higher, and the health and integration issues are much lower than when refugees are sometimes forced to wait at least two years, which is what some of the participants and other refugees in this study did before starting SFI, integration programs and have their own private place live in. The temporary visa, especially with no help to integrate, caused the lack of interest in learning the language; socioeconomic integration, mainly when the person was alone with no family. Moreover, their developed health from their time at the facilities is still a recovering process.
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Chan, Oi-yee Sarah, and 陳藹怡. "Cross-border cooperation in tertiary education policy and action: a study of Hong Kong-Shenzhen relationships." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50254492.
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Since Hong Kong's reunification with China, there has been more cooperation between Hong Kong and the Mainland in tertiary education, with Hong Kong-Shenzhen partnership being particularly active. This dissertation examines cooperation in tertiary education between Hong Kong and Shenzhen from the perspective of collaborative governance. It is found that the initiation of the collaboration is driven by leadership of the HKSAR Government, the Shenzhen Municipal Government and the Central People’s Government, interdependence between the cities in educational resources, productivity and information as well as consequential incentives for the Hong Kong institutions. To look into how the cooperation may advance to the next level, the plan for the University of Hong Kong (HKU) and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) to establish campuses in Shenzhen are analyzed in details, taking into account their early stage of development. Recommendations on how similar setups can be done in the future have been come up, and they include putting formal memorandum of understanding and agreements in place, having long-term commitment to the project, identifying shared objectives with the counterparts, retaining a large share of discretion, adopting suitable approaches to managing the policy networks and managing risks. It is considered that such recommendations may be taken as reference for other means of cooperation in tertiary education between the two cities as well as that between Hong Kong and other mainland cities.published_or_final_version
Politics and Public Administration
Master
Master of Public Administration
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Felber, Michael. "Kritische Punkte in der Offenlegung nach IAS 12, insbesondere in den Bereichen "effective tax rate and tax reconciliation", "amount of unused tax assets", "reason for recognition of certain tax assets" und "tax effects resulting from discontinued operations", dargestellt an ausgewählten Beispielen von SMI kotierten Schweizer Gesellschaften." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01656412002/$FILE/01656412002.pdf.
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White, Judith. "Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and Beliefs of International Baccalaureate Students in an Urban Secondary High School." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1300832256.
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Jongbloed, Janine. "Les systèmes éducatifs engendrent-ils des inégalités de bien-être ? : une recherche comparative internationale." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH020/document.
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Cette thèse étudie le lien entre l’éducation post-secondaire et le bien-être dans une perspective comparative internationale, utilisant une conceptualisation du bien-être éclairée par l’approche des capabilités et les théories de l’épanouissement. Fondée sur une approche intégrant les perspectives des capabilités et du capital humain, l’éducation post-secondaire, opérationnalisée comme le diplôme le plus élevé obtenu, est supposée être significativement liée avec le bien-être, toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, au niveau de l’individu et du pays. Des critiques majeures de ces approches, qui supposent des effets indirects par le biais de l’emploi au niveau individuel et par le biais des facteurs économiques au niveau national, sont également étudiées.Au-delà de ces liens globaux, des différences par pays sont anticipées. Par conséquent, un cadre analytique qui réunit la littérature des régimes de protection sociale et la recherche comparative sur l’éducation en Europe est proposé, basé sur une taxonomie analytique mesurant la stratification et decommodification de l’éducation post-secondaire dans un pays. Cette grille de lecture des « régimes éducatifs du bien-être social » est mobilisée pour comparer les niveaux de l’éducation et le bien-être parmi des individus et des pays, et le lien entre eux, examinant l’interaction « macro–micro » entre les arrangements institutionnels nationaux et les résultats relatifs à la qualité de vie. Ces effets sont testés paramétriquement dans des analyses de régression utilisant des termes d’interaction (afin d’évaluer les effets modérateurs) et une procédure en deux étapes de modélisation multi-niveaux, ainsi que des modèles de médiation comparant des perspectives de capital humain–capabilités (« human agency ») et des critiques relatives à la sélection sociale.Ces résultats sont interprétés au travers d’une optique ciblée sur les inégalités éducatives relatives à la qualité de vie, constatant que l’éducation et le bien-être sont significativement associés aux niveaux « micro » et « macro », toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs. Toutefois, les tendances dans l'intensité et le sens de cette relation entre pays sont complexes, variant avec l’opérationnalisation du bien-être utilisée et différant autant en fonction du niveau de stratification éducationnel que de decommodification éducationnel. Ces résultats appuient l’argument que les systèmes éducatifs jouent un rôle déterminant dans la formation des inégalités du bien-êtreThis study investigates the association between post-secondary education and well-being in international comparative perspective, conceptualizing well-being as a capability-informed measure of flourishing. Based on a combined human capital–capability approach, post-secondary education, operationalized as highest post-secondary educational credential, is hypothesized to relate positively with well-being net of individual-level and country-level controls at both the micro and macro levels of analysis. Prominent critiques of these approaches, suggesting indirect effects through occupational sorting at the individual level and economic factors at the country level, are also explored.Beyond these overall associations, differences amongst countries are anticipated: Therefore, a modified educational welfare regimes framework informed by comparative educational research is proposed based on an analytical taxonomy mapping onto post-secondary educational stratification and decommodification. Levels of, and the association between, education and well-being are compared amongst individuals and countries, exploring the macro–micro interaction between institutional arrangements and life outcomes. Effects are tested parametrically in regression models using interaction effects and a ‘two-step’ approach to hierarchical data analysis, as well as mediation models comparing human agency-orientated perspectives and their social selection-based critiques.These results are interpreted through a frame of inquiry focused on educational inequalities in well-being, finding that education and well-being are significantly associated at both the micro and macro levels even with the inclusion of relevant control variables. However, patterns in the strength of these associations amongst countries are complex, varying with the operationalization of well-being used and depending on both levels of educational stratification and decommodification. These findings offer some support for the notion that equalizing, or non-stratifying, educational systems, as well as decommodifying redistribution efforts, are instrumental in the effort to counter inequalities in well-being
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Térová, Lucie. "Problematika MKD z pohledu dopravce na vybrané relaci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262218.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyse the German Act on the Regulation of a Minimum Wage, which affects Czech hauliers operating in Germany. First of all, macroeconomic and microeconomic issues in the field of road transport and of course the specifics of German Act (MILOG) are described. Secondly, the main effects of the law on business are analysed in case of the Czech haulier ¨Dítě Spedition s.r.o.¨ In the following, an increase in operating costs of the company according to the MILOG is calculated. Moreover, there is a prediction of potential scenarios in case of confirmation of legality of MILOG applying to the international road freight transport. In conclusion, the main arguments why the act is contrary to the basic principles of the single European market are explained.