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1
PUVANESWARAN, K. M., and P. A. SMITHSON. "Thermal regions in Sri Lanka." MAUSAM 47, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v47i2.3715.
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The need for an objective classification of the thermal regions of Sri Lanka is emphasised. A brief account of the thermal climate of Sri Lanka is given. Regionalization based on thermal factors has been attempted quantitatively using factor, cluster and discriminant analysis. Three groups of cluster have been selected and mapped. The results are interpreted and related to the known thermal patterns of Sri Lanka.
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Karunarathna, Harshinie, Pravin Maduwantha, Bahareh Kamranzad, Harsha Rathnasooriya, and Kasun De Silva. "Impacts of Global Climate Change on the Future Ocean Wave Power Potential: A Case Study from the Indian Ocean." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113028.
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This study investigates the impacts of global climate change on the future wave power potential, taking Sri Lanka as a case study from the northern Indian Ocean. The geographical location of Sri Lanka, which receives long-distance swell waves generated in the Southern Indian Ocean, favors wave energy-harvesting. Waves projected by a numerical wave model developed using Simulating Waves Nearshore Waves (SWAN) wave model, which is forced by atmospheric forcings generated by an Atmospheric Global Climate Model (AGCM) within two time slices that represent “present” and “future” (end of century) wave climates, are used to evaluate and compare present and future wave power potential around Sri Lanka. The results reveal that there will be a 12–20% reduction in average available wave power along the south-west and south-east coasts of Sri Lanka in future. This reduction is due mainly to changes to the tropical south-west monsoon system because of global climate change. The available wave power resource attributed to swell wave component remains largely unchanged. Although a detailed analysis of monthly and annual average wave power under both “present” and “future” climates reveals a strong seasonal and some degree of inter-annual variability of wave power, a notable decadal-scale trend of variability is not visible during the simulated 25-year periods. Finally, the results reveal that the wave power attributed to swell waves are very stable over the long term.
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Wickramarachchi, Charuni, Jayanga T. Samarasinghe, Yousif Alyousifi, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Projected Moisture Index (MI) for Tropical Sri Lanka." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (December 18, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2761935.
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Atmospheric moisture loading can cause a great impact on the performance and integrity of building exteriors in a tropical climate. Buildings can be highly impacted due to the changing climate conditions over the world. Therefore, it is important to incorporate the projected changes of moisture loads in structural designs under changing climates. The moisture index (MI) is widely used in many countries as a climate-based indicator to guide the building designs for their durability performance. However, this was hardly considered in structural designs in Sri Lanka, even though the country is one of the most affected countries under climate change. Therefore, this study investigates future climate change impacts on the environmental moisture in terms of MI, which can be used in climate zoning, investigating indoor air quality, understanding thermal comfort and energy consumption, etc. The moisture index was found as a function of the drying index (DI) and wetting index (WI) to the whole country for its four rainfall seasons. The temporal and spatial distributions were plotted as MI maps and showcased under two categories; including historical MI maps (1990–2004) and future projected MI maps (2021–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100). Future projected MI maps were constructed using bias-corrected climatic data for two RCP climatic scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results showed that the temporal and spatial variations of MIs are justifiable to the country’s rainfall patterns and seasons. However, notable increases of MIs can be observed for future projected MIs in two seasons, and thus a careful investigation of their impacts should be assessed in terms of the construction of buildings and various agricultural activities. Therefore, the outcome of this research can be essentially used in policy implementation in adapting to the ongoing climate changes in Sri Lanka.
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Yamane, Akiko. "Climate Change and Hazardscape of Sri Lanka." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 10 (October 2009): 2396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a41213.
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Mustafa, M. M., M. B. Baig, and F. M. M. T. Marikar. "Agriculture farming extension model for analysing climate change adaptation: A case study of Sri Lankan farmers." Agricultural Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 2022): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.013.
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Abstract. Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of agricultural and food production, especially in agrarian communities. In Sri Lanka, rainfall is expected to decline by almost 10% by the year 2050 and the largest increase in temperature can be experienced. Despite the potential risks of climate change on agricultural productivity, Sri Lanka does not have a dedicated policy to respond to climate change. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research done in Sri Lanka to provide an understanding of factors that shape farmers’ adaptation to climate change and institutional link to the adaptive capacity of farming households. In this study we have taken secondary data from the World Bank and Central Bank of Sri Lanka to show how the farming population decreased and deforesting occurred due to the urbanization as well as to low education of the farming community. The results show that the majority of farmers who have climate variability adaptation strategies in place are largely influenced by indigenous knowledge. Women and low-income earners are less likely to employ climate change adaptation strategies in order to improve their agricultural productivity. The results have implications that agricultural extension officers service is needed to keep them in the industry and introduce new foresting schemes to carbon deposit and finally reduce the urbanization process.
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Jayasinghe, Sadeeka Layomi, and Lalit Kumar. "Climate Change May Imperil Tea Production in the Four Major Tea Producers According to Climate Prediction Models." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101536.
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The threat of accelerating climate change on species distribution now and in the future is a topic of increasing research interest. However, little work has been undertaken to assess how shifting climates will affect the suitability of tea cultivation. Therefore, we used MaxEnt modelling to project the impact of current and future climatic scenarios on the potential distribution of tea across the four tea-producing countries of China, India, Kenya and Sri Lanka. Projections were made for the years 2050 and 2070 with three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using seven bioclimatic predictors under three global circulation models (GCMs). The current and future habitat suitability for tea predicted by the models produced a high accuracy rate, with high areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for all tested RCPs under the three GCMs for the four countries. The mean true skill statistic (TSS) values for tea in Sri Lanka, Kenya, India and China were 0.80, 0.91, 0.91, and 0.74, respectively. The kappa values (k) of the current and future models for all four countries ranged from 0.40 to 0.75, which indicates that the overall performance of the model was good. The precipitation seasonality and annual precipitation were found to be the most influential variables in Sri Lanka and India, respectively, while annual mean temperature was the most effective contributor for determining the suitability of habitat for tea in Kenya and China. An important proviso is that some existing tea-growing areas will face reduced suitability for future tea cultivation suggesting that by 2050 there will be a drastic reduction in the optimal suitability by averages of 26.2%, 14%, and 4.7% in Kenya, Sri Lanka and China, respectively. The optimal suitability will be reduced by 15.1%, 28.6% and 2.6% in Kenya, Sri Lanka and China, respectively, by 2070. India displays an advantage in projected future climates as it gains optimal suitability areas of 15% by 2050 and 25% by 2070.
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Withanaarachchi, A. S., L. D. J. F. Nanayakkara, and C. Pushpakumara. "Mitigating Climate Change via Non-Conventional Renewable Energy: Case of Sri Lanka." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 5 (2015): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.226.
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Dineth S. Samarawickrama. "Characterization and Properties of Sri Lankan Coir Fibre." CORD 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.134.
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This study mainly concentrated on revealing the scientific data on the properties of Sri Lankan coir fibre and classifying them into different grades based on scientific parameters instead of visual observations to establish quality specifications for the coir fibre industry in Sri Lanka. Critical parameters were studied for suitability of the industrial applications. Size distribution and average length of different fibres were determined by the frequency distribution method, to be used as industrial oriented parameters. The weighted average breaking load of coir fibre was determined using the universal tensile strength tester.
As per the result, coir fiber has an elongation property of about 20-28%. Also, coir fibre is a highly resilient natural fibre and Omat coir fibre had the highest value among other coir fibre types. Porous microstructure of the coir fibre was observed through the scanning electron microscopy and hygroscopic characteristics described according to the structure. The moisture equilibrium values of coir fibre in Sri Lanka were observed at 15-18% and it was achieved by sun drying. This moisture levels avoid the heavy condensation during transportation particularly in countries with cold climate. Properties of coir fibre found in the study were used in the establishment of the National Quality Standard specifications for mechanically extracted coir fibre in Sri Lanka.
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Khaniya, Bhabishya, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for the Impact of Climate Change and Variation in the Water Management Sector of Sri Lanka." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8821329.
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The climate of Sri Lanka has been fluctuating at an alarming rate during the recent past. These changes are reported to have pronounced impacts on the livelihoods of the people in the country. Water is central to the sustainable functioning of ecosystems and wellbeing of mankind. It is evident that pronounced variations in the climate will negatively impact the availability and the quality of water resources. The ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approach has proved to be an effective strategy to address the impact of climate change on water resources in many parts of the world. The key aim of this paper is to elaborate the wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs in field level, watershed scale, and urban and coastal environments in the context of Sri Lanka. In addition, this paper discusses the benefits of utilizing EbA solutions over grey infrastructure-based solutions to address the issues related to water management. The wide range of benefits received through implementation of EbAs can be broadly classified into three categories: water supply regulation, water quality regulation, and moderation of extreme events. This paper recommends the utilization of EbAs over grey infrastructure-based solutions in adaptation to climate change in the water management sector for the developing region due its cost effectiveness, ecofriendliness, and multiple benefits received on long-term scales. The findings of this study will unequivocally contribute to filling existing knowledge and research gaps in the context of EbAs to future climate change in Sri Lanka. The suggestions and opinions of this study can be taken into account by decision makers and water resources planning agencies for future planning of actions related to climate change adaptation in Sri Lanka.
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Rubesinghe, C. H. T., and S. R. Krishnarajah. "Marine Mollusc Diversity along the Southwest Coast of Sri Lanka." TAPROBANICA 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2014): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v6i1.128.
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Molluscan species as well as class-level diversity is highest in the marine environment. The current survey data reveals that Sri Lanka is inhabited by about 240 species of marine molluscs belonging to four of the seven classes representing marine molluscs. The study area, along the southwest coast of Sri Lanka, experiences the southwest monsoon from May to September, which has a significant impact on climate and oceanographic conditions in this region.
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Wagner, Caroline E., Milad Hooshyar, Rachel E. Baker, Wenchang Yang, Nimalan Arinaminpathy, Gabriel Vecchi, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Amilcare Porporato, and Bryan T. Grenfell. "Climatological, virological and sociological drivers of current and projected dengue fever outbreak dynamics in Sri Lanka." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 167 (June 2020): 20200075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0075.
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The largest ever Sri Lankan dengue outbreak of 2017 provides an opportunity for investigating the relative contributions of climatological, epidemiological and sociological drivers on the epidemic patterns of this clinically important vector-borne disease. To do so, we develop a climatologically driven disease transmission framework for dengue virus using spatially resolved temperature and precipitation data as well as the time-series susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. From this framework, we first demonstrate that the distinct climatological patterns encountered across the island play an important role in establishing the typical yearly temporal dynamics of dengue, but alone are unable to account for the epidemic case numbers observed in Sri Lanka during 2017. Using a simplified two-strain SIR model, we demonstrate that the re-introduction of a dengue virus serotype that had been largely absent from the island in previous years may have played an important role in driving the epidemic, and provide a discussion of the possible roles for extreme weather events and human mobility patterns on the outbreak dynamics. Lastly, we provide estimates for the future burden of dengue across Sri Lanka using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 climate projections. Critically, we demonstrate that climatological and serological factors can act synergistically to yield greater projected case numbers than would be expected from the presence of a single driver alone. Altogether, this work provides a holistic framework for teasing apart and analysing the various complex drivers of vector-borne disease outbreak dynamics.
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Niranjan, F., N. P. C. Uddika, M. C. S. Bantilan, and N. P. Singh. "Assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Food and Agriculture 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljfa.v1i1.11.
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Jayawardena, I. M. Shiromani Priyanthika, D. W. T. Thanuja Darshika, and H. M. Roshan C. Herath. "Recent Trends in Climate Extreme Indices over Sri Lanka." American Journal of Climate Change 07, no. 04 (2018): 586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2018.74036.
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Kariyawasam, Champika S., Lalit Kumar, and Sujith S. Ratnayake. "Invasive Plant Species Establishment and Range Dynamics in Sri Lanka under Climate Change." Entropy 21, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21060571.
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Plant invasion has been widely recognized as an agent of global change that has the potential to have severe impacts under climate change. The challenges posed by invasive alien plant species (IAPS) on biodiversity and ecosystem stability is growing and not adequately studied, especially in developing countries. Defining climate suitability for multiple invasive plants establishment is important for early and strategic interventions to control and manage plant invasions. We modeled priority IAPS in Sri Lanka to identify the areas of greatest climatic suitability for their establishment and observed how these areas could be altered under projected climate change. We used Maximum Entropy method to model 14 nationally significant IAPS under representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 for 2050 and 2070. The combined climate suitability map produced by summing up climatic suitability of 14 IAPS was further classified into five classes in ArcMap as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. South and west parts of Sri Lanka are projected to have potentially higher climatic suitability for a larger number of IAPS. We observed suitable area changes (gains and losses) in all five classes of which two were significant enough to make an overall negative impact i.e., (i) contraction of the very low class and (ii) expansion of the moderate class. Both these changes trigger the potential risk from IAPS in Sri Lanka in the future.
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SEO, SUNG-NO NIGGOL, ROBERT MENDELSOHN, and MOHAN MUNASINGHE. "Climate change and agriculture in Sri Lanka: a Ricardian valuation." Environment and Development Economics 10, no. 5 (October 2005): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x05002044.
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This paper measures climate change impacts on Sri Lankan agriculture using the Ricardian method. The model examines the net revenue per hectare of the four most important crops in the country. The limited range of temperature variation allows only a simple test of temperature impacts, but the greater range of precipitation across the country distinguishesmore complex precipitation effects.We then examine the impacts of the climate predictions of five AOGCM models and two simple uniform change scenarios for SriLanka. The impacts of rainfall increases are predicted to be beneficial to the country as a whole in all five AOGCM scenarios, but temperature increases are predicted to be harmful. Nationally, the impacts vary from −11 billion rupees (−20 per cent) to +39 billion rupees (+72 per cent) depending on the climate scenarios. With warming, the already dry regions (the Northern and Eastern provinces), are expected to lose large portions of their current agriculture, but the cooler regions (the central highlands), are predicted to remain the same or increase their output. The paper reconfirms that climate change damages could be large in tropical developing countries, but highly dependent on the actual climate scenario.
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Naveendrakumar, G., Meththika Vithanage, Hyun-Han Kwon, M. C. M. Iqbal, S. Pathmarajah, and Jayantha Obeysekera. "Five Decadal Trends in Averages and Extremes of Rainfall and Temperature in Sri Lanka." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (December 27, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4217917.
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In this study, we used a comprehensive set of statistical metrics to investigate the historical trends in averages and extremes of rainfall and temperature in Sri Lanka. The data consist of 55 years (1961–2015) of daily rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) records from 20 stations scattered throughout Sri Lanka. The linear trends were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen–Theil regression. The prewhitening method was first used to remove autocorrelation from the time series, and the modified seasonal Mann–Kendall test was then applied for the seasonal data. The results show that, during May, 15% of the stations showed a significant decrease in wet days, which may be due to the delayed southwest monsoon (SWM) to Sri Lanka. A remarkable increase in the annual average temperature of Tmin and Tmax was observed as 70% and 55% of the stations, respectively. For the entire period, 80% of the stations demonstrated statistically significant increases of Tmin during June and July. The daily temperature range (DTR) exhibited a widespread increase at the stations located within the southwestern coast region of Sri Lanka. Although changes in global climate, teleconnections, and local deforestation in recent decades at least partially influence the trends observed in Sri Lanka, a formal trend attribution study should be conducted.
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Zoysa, Mangala De. "Urbanization, Climate Change and Environmental Resilience: Experiences in Sri Lanka." Urban Studies and Public Administration 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): p46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v4n1p46.
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Urbanization in conjunction with climatic change affecting urban life and pose challenges to cities worldwide creating urban residents increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather and other natural disasters. Improvement of urban ecosystems provide cost-effective solution against negative impacts of climate change accelerated with high population pressure and promote resilience of urban dwellers. The cities in Sri Lanka are focused on improving land use planning and management of urban forest ecosystems for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change impacts with the rapid urbanization. This study attempts to ascertain the effects of urbanization, analyze the impacts of urbanization and climate change, and examine the environmental resilience with urban forests in Sri Lanka, reviewing the relevant literature. This paper explore the effects of urbanization in terms of increase population, land use change, rising greenhouse gas emissions and intensity of urban heat island. The impacts of urbanization and climate change are revealed as change of annual rainfall, urban warming, extreme weather events, and urban health hazards. Disaster resilient cities, sustainable urbanization, greening the cities, other environmental resilience strategies as well as institutional and policy setting are discussed for environmental resilience to urbanization and changing climate. Limiting CO2 emission, reducing land surface temperature, and controlling urban heat island effect are discussed under the other environmental resilience strategies. Institutional and policy setting is explained through popularizing urban forestry and developing policy support. Urban forestry strategies incorporating urban planning should be manifested in urban development policy in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change in the process of environmental resilience and sustainable urbanization.
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Fisher Williams, Clare. "What can ESL offer to the data collector? Describing, defining, designing and deploying an alternative ESL approach." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 65, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v65i3.220.
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For the World Bank, the importance of the legal climate for attracting foreign investment is axiomatic and the legal and political aspects of an investment climate are measured in the World Bank’s ‘good governance’ programme. However, the assumptions underlying this rely on quantitative research setting out correlation and highlighting a narrow range of voices. An ESL-inspired approach to empirical work can question what investors want from a host state legal system while also addressing criticisms of existing literature. As a case study, Sri Lanka is set out as a country actively engaged in attracting foreign investment through the creation of an ideal investment climate.
The discussion first describes the empirical by setting out the role of World Bank rationalities in shaping Sri Lanka’s investment climate. It then defines the analytical, locating ESL in the social sciences and outlining the debates surrounding the central concept of embeddedness. It goes on to design an alternative approach by combining elements of three frames, both addressing existing criticisms and avoiding embeddedness. This is then deployed and the applications and implications for framing relations of foreign investors in Sri Lanka are set out.
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RANASINGHE, C. S., M. D. P. KUMARATHUNGE, and K. G. S. KIRIWANDENIYA. "GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN CARDINAL TEMPERATURES FOR IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF COCONUT HYBRIDS." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 5 (July 25, 2017): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000357.
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SUMMARYSuccessful fruit set in coconut depends on several reproductive processes including pollen germination and pollen tube growth. High temperature (˃33 °C) during flowering reduces fruit set in coconut. Therefore, identification and development of coconut varieties or hybrids with high reproductive heat tolerance will benefit the coconut industry in view of the climate changes. This experiment was conducted to quantify the response of pollen germination and pollen tube growth of seven coconut hybrids to increasing temperature from 16 to 38 °C. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to classify coconut hybrids on the basis of their temperature tolerances to pollen germination. Pollen germination and pollen tube length of the hybrids ranged from 56 to 78% and 242 to 772 µm, respectively. A modified bilinear model best described the response to temperature of pollen germination and pollen tube length. Cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt and Tmax) of pollen germination and pollen tube length varied among the seven hybrids. PCA identified Tmax for pollen germination and Topt for pollen tube length as the most important parameters in describing varietal tolerance to high temperature. PCA also identified SLGD × Sri Lanka Tall and Sri Lanka Brown Dwarf × Sri Lanka Tall as the most tolerant hybrids to high temperature stress and Sri Lanka Tall × Sri Lanka Tall and Sri Lanka Green Dwarf × San Ramon as less tolerant ones based on cardinal temperatures for pollen germination and pollen tube length. Tmax for pollen germination of the most tolerant and less tolerant hybrids were 41.9 and 39.5 °C, respectively. Topt for pollen tube length in the most tolerant and less tolerant hybrids were 29.5 and 26.0 °C, respectively.
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ABIDOYE, BABATUNDE O., PRADEEP KURUKULASURIYA, BRIAN REED, and ROBERT MENDELSOHN. "STRUCTURAL RICARDIAN ANALYSIS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN AGRICULTURE." Climate Change Economics 08, no. 03 (August 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201000781740005x.
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This paper examines the impact of climate change on the net revenue (NR) of farmers from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Two Ricardian models are estimated: (1) a traditional Ricardian model of the impact of climate change on annual farm NR and (2) a structural Ricardian model that first estimates the number of growing seasons and then the net revenue per season. The traditional model reveals annual NR is sensitive to autumn and summer climate variables. The seasonal effects offset each other so that uniform marginal effects are insignificant. Future climate scenarios likely harm Sri Lanka but could either benefit or harm Indonesia depending on the climate scenario. The structural Ricardian model suggests climate change will reduce the net revenue of three-season farms and increase the revenue of one-season farms causing farmers to switch from three-season farming to one-season farming. Expected losses by 2100 for the region range from [Formula: see text]10% to [Formula: see text]18%. Impacts in Indonesia may be higher ranging from [Formula: see text]20% to [Formula: see text]28%.
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Karunaratne, A. S., and T. Wheeler. "Observed Relationships between Maize Yield and Climate in Sri Lanka." Agronomy Journal 107, no. 1 (January 2015): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0043.
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Wijeratne, M. A. "Vulnerability of Sri Lanka tea production to global climate change." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 92, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00175555.
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Esham, Mohamed, and Chris Garforth. "Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review." Climate and Development 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.762333.
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Chen, Gong, and Gregory De Costa. "Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources Case of Sri Lanka." Environment and Ecology Research 5, no. 5 (August 2017): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/eer.2017.050504.
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De Costa, W. A. J. M. "Climate change research in Sri Lanka – Are we investing enough?" Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 40, no. 4 (December 18, 2012): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v40i4.5041.
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ABIDOYE, BABATUNDE O., ROBERT MENDELSOHN, SULTAN AHMED, SELIM AMANULLAH, CHANAKOD CHASIDPON, LEE BAKER, ROBERT DOBIAS, et al. "SOUTH-EAST ASIAN RICARDIAN STUDIES: BANGLADESH, SRI LANKA, THAILAND, AND VIETNAM." Climate Change Economics 08, no. 03 (August 2017): 1740004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007817400048.
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Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam each conducted a Ricardian analysis of crop net revenue (NR) in their country. The countries defined seasons slightly differently depending on their monsoon and dry periods. They also sometimes included slightly different variables in their regressions. The countries are small so that the climate results are often insignificant. However, the Ricardian model does predict near term damage in Bangladesh in the CanESM climate scenario and near and far term damage in Thailand in the CMCC climate scenario.
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Kirishanthan, P. "Physical and social vulnerability to coastal erosion: An assessment of Kalutara Coastal Belt, Sri Lanka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1109, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1109/1/012077.
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Abstract The shoreline of Kalutara, Sri Lanka has become more prone to erosion because of environmental changes caused by natural and anthropogenic factors including climate change. The study aimed to assess and map the physical and social vulnerability to coastal erosion in the shoreline between the Kalu and Bolgoda River mouths in Southwest Sri Lanka. This study relied on secondary data sources such as topographic, digitized, and satellite maps obtained from the Survey Department and the website of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) was calculated using only five variables namely coastal slope, geology, soil, shoreline change (End Point Rate), and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). On the other hand, for the Social Coastal Vulnerable Index (SVI), several socioeconomic variables were examined. Kalutara North and Thotupala have been identified as having a higher risk of Physical and Social Coastal Vulnerability. This research, therefore, revealed that the coastal zone along Kalutara – Panadura in Sri Lanka is vulnerable both physically and socially due to the accelerating rate of coastal erosion. Because of the potential effects of climate change and rising sea levels, this scenario would pose a serious threat to the environment and communities in the foreseeable future.
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Karunanayake, Chamaka, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Inflow Forecast of Iranamadu Reservoir, Sri Lanka, under Projected Climate Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821627.
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Prediction of water resources for future years takes much attention from the water resources planners and relevant authorities. However, traditional computational models like hydrologic models need many data about the catchment itself. Sometimes these important data on catchments are not available due to many reasons. Therefore, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are useful soft computing tools in predicting real-world scenarios, such as forecasting future water availability from a catchment, in the absence of intensive data, which are required for modeling practices in the context of hydrology. These ANNs are capable of building relationships to nonlinear real-world problems using available data and then to use that built relationship to forecast future needs. Even though Sri Lanka has an extensive usage of water resources for many activities, including drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower development, navigation, and many other recreational purposes, forecasting studies for water resources are not being carried out. Therefore, there is a significant gap in forecasting water availability and water needs in the context of Sri Lanka. Thus, this paper presents an artificial neural network model to forecast the inflows of one of the most important reservoirs in northern Sri Lanka using the upstream catchment’s rainfall. Future rainfall data are extracted using regional climate models for the years 2021–2050 and the inflows of the reservoir are forecasted using the validated neural network model. Several training algorithms including Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), BFGS quasi-Newton (BFG), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) have been used to find the best fitting training algorithm to the prediction process of the inflows against the measured inflows. Results revealed that the LM training algorithm outperforms the other tests algorithm in developing the prediction model. In addition, the forecasted results using the projected climate scenarios clearly showcase the benefit of using the forecasting model in solving future water resource management to avoid or to minimize future water scarcity. Therefore, the validated model can effectively be used for proper planning of the proposed drinking water supply scheme to the nearby urban city, Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka.
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Makumbura, Randika K., and Upaka Rathnayake. "Variation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) under Changing Climate: Kadolkele Mangrove Forest, Sri Lanka." Advances in Meteorology 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9693303.
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Mangroves are an essential plant community in coastal ecosystems. While the importance of mangrove ecosystems is well acknowledged, climate change is expected to have a considerable negative impact on them, especially in terms of temperature, precipitation, sea level rise (SLR), ocean currents, and increasing storminess. Sri Lanka ranks near the bottom of the list of countries researching this problem, even though the scientific community's interest in examining the variation in mangrove health in response to climate change has gained significant attention. Consequently, this study illustrates how the leaf area index, a measure of mangrove health, fluctuates in response to varying precipitation, particularly during droughts in Sri Lanka's Kadolkele mangrove forest. The measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used to produce the leaf area index (LAI), which was then combined with the standard precipitation index (SPI) to estimate the health of the mangroves. The climate scenario, RCP8.5, was used to forecast future SPI (2021–2100), and LAI was modeled under the observed (1991–2019) and expected (2021–2100) drought events. The study reveals that the forecasted drought intensities modeled using the RCP8.5 scenario have no significant variations on LAI, even though some severe and extreme drought conditions exist. Nevertheless, the health of the mangrove ecosystem is predicted to deteriorate under drought conditions and rebound when drought intensity decreases. The extreme drought state (-2.05) was identified in 2064; therefore, LAI has showcased its lowest (0.04). LAI and SPI are projected to gradually increase from 2064 to 2100, while high fluctuations are observed from 2021 to 2064. Limited availability of LAI values with required details (measured date, time, and sample locations) and cloud-free Landsat images have affected the study results. This research presents a comprehensive understanding of Kadolkele mangrove forest under future droughts; thus, alarming relevant authorities to develop management plans to safeguard these critical ecosystems.
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Qian, Jian-Hua, and Lareef Zubair. "The Effect of Grid Spacing and Domain Size on the Quality of Ensemble Regional Climate Downscaling over South Asia during the Northeasterly Monsoon." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 2780–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3191.1.
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Abstract The performance of an ensemble-based dynamical regional climate downscaling system is evaluated over southern Asia in a northeasterly monsoon season for different choices in grid spacing and domain size. A seven-member ensemble of the ECHAM4.5 global climate model at a resolution of about 300-km grid size was used to drive the RegCM3 regional climate model with grid sizes of 100, 50, 25, and 20 km, respectively. The performance is reported in detail over Sri Lanka. Two sets of regional model runs were undertaken to assess the effect of grid spacing and model domain size on the downscaling performance. The RegCM3 simulation with 100-km grid size significantly underestimates the height of the central mountain range in Sri Lanka, in a manner that is too coarse to capture orographic influences on the rainfall. However, the RegCM3 simulations with grid sizes from 20 to 50 km capture mesoscale features that arise from uplift condensation on the windward side of the monsoon winds due to the topography. These simulations also capture the orographic influences on the month-to-month rainfall over Sri Lanka that were absent in the ECHAM4.5. While the “small domain” runs [where only the forcings for the region immediately around Sri Lanka (4°–11°N, 76°–85°E) are used] are computationally more efficient, the results are overly controlled by the lateral boundary driving of the ECHAM4.5 so they inherit large uncertainty from the seven ECHAM4.5 realizations used for the RegCM3 ensemble runs. The “large domain” simulation used a domain comprising both land and ocean (approximately 4°S–22°N, 65°–96°E). The large-domain group of simulations produced reasonable spatial distribution of precipitation over the region. Moreover, the ensemble spread was considerably reduced in the large-domain high-resolution runs. Therefore, fine enough grid resolution (25 km or less) and sufficiently large domain size are both needed to simulate the essential features of precipitation in this tropical and monsoonal region.
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Cho, Hanna. "Climate Change Risk Assessment for Kurunegala, Sri Lanka: Water and Heat Waves." Climate 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8120140.
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Sri Lanka is experiencing various social and environmental challenges, including drought, storms, floods, and landslides, due to climate change. One of Sri Lanka’s biggest cities, Kurunegala, is a densely populated city that is gradually turning into an economic revitalization area. This fast-growing city needs to establish an integrated urban plan that takes into account the risks of climate change. Thus, a climate change risk assessment was conducted for both the water and heat wave risks via discussions with key stakeholders. The risk assessment was conducted as a survey based on expert assessment of local conditions, with awareness surveys taken by residents, especially women. The assessment determined that the lack of drinking water was the biggest issue, a problem that has become more serious due to recent droughts caused by climate change and insufficient water management. In addition, the outbreak of diseases caused by heat waves was identified as a serious concern. Risk assessment is integral to developing an action plan for minimizing the damage from climate change. It is necessary to support education and awareness in developing countries so that they can perform risk assessment well and develop both problem-solving and policy-making abilities to adapt to a changing climate.
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Xu, Sen, Si-Liang Li, Fujun Yue, Charitha Udeshani, and Rohana Chandrajith. "Natural and Anthropogenic Controls of Groundwater Quality in Sri Lanka: Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu)." Water 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2021): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192724.
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Poor groundwater quality in household wells is hypothesized as being a potential contributor to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. However, the influencing factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka are rarely investigated at a national scale. Here, the spatial characteristics of groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka were described. The relationships of groundwater quality parameters with environmental factors, including lithology, land use, and climatic conditions, were further examined to identify the natural and anthropogenic controlling factors of groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. The results showed that groundwater geochemistry in Sri Lanka exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. The high concentrations of NO3− were found in the districts that have a higher percentage of agricultural lands, especially in the regions in the coastal zone. Higher hardness and fluoride in groundwater were mainly observed in the dry zone. The concentrations of trace elements such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr of all the samples were lower than the World Health Organization guideline values, while some the samples had higher As and Al concentrations above the guideline values. Principal component analysis identified four components that explained 73.2% of the total data variance, and the first component with high loadings of NO3−, hardness, As, and Cr suggested the effects of agricultural activities, while other components were primarily attributed to natural sources and processes. Further analyses found that water hardness, fluoride and As concentration had positive correlations with precipitation and negative correlations with air temperature. The concentration of NO3− and water hardness were positively correlated with agricultural lands, while As concentration was positively correlated with unconsolidated sediments. The environmental factors can account for 58% of the spatial variation in the overall groundwater geochemistry indicated by the results of redundancy analysis. The groundwater quality data in this study cannot identify whether groundwater quality is related to the occurrence of CKDu. However, these findings identify the coupled controls of lithology, land use, and climate on groundwater quality in Sri Lanka. Future research should be effectively designed to clarify the synergistic effect of different chemical constituents on CKDu.
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Hewawasam, Vindya, and Kenichi Matsui. "Historical development of climate change policies and the Climate Change Secretariat in Sri Lanka." Environmental Science & Policy 101 (November 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.09.001.
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Alahacoon, Niranga, and Mahesh Edirisinghe. "Spatial Variability of Rainfall Trends in Sri Lanka from 1989 to 2019 as an Indication of Climate Change." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020084.
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Analysis of long-term rainfall trends provides a wealth of information on effective crop planning and water resource management, and a better understanding of climate variability over time. This study reveals the spatial variability of rainfall trends in Sri Lanka from 1989 to 2019 as an indication of climate change. The exclusivity of the study is the use of rainfall data that provide spatial variability instead of the traditional location-based approach. Henceforth, daily rainfall data available at Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation corrected with stations (CHIRPS) data were used for this study. The geographic information system (GIS) is used to perform spatial data analysis on both vector and raster data. Sen’s slope estimator and the Mann–Kendall (M–K) test are used to investigate the trends in annual and seasonal rainfall throughout all districts and climatic zones of Sri Lanka. The most important thing reflected in this study is that there has been a significant increase in annual rainfall from 1989 to 2019 in all climatic zones (wet, dry, intermediate, and Semi-arid) of Sri Lanka. The maximum increase is recorded in the wet zone and the minimum increase is in the semi-arid zone. There could be an increased risk of floods in the southern and western provinces in the future, whereas areas in the eastern and southeastern districts may face severe droughts during the northeastern monsoon. It is advisable to introduce effective drought and flood management and preparedness measures to reduce the respective hazard risk levels.
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Senatilleke, Udara, MiyuruB Gunathilake, Yosif Alyousifi, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Analysis of recent trends and variability of temperature and relative humidity over Sri Lanka." MAUSAM 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v73i3.3184.
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The world is experiencing adverse consequences of climate change and shifts in climate regimes. Hence, studying the trends and patterns of meteorological variables is of major importance for many parties, including meteorologists, climatologists, agriculturists, and hydrologists. Although several researchers have examined the trends and patterns in historical rainfall, only a few have examined the trends in atmospheric temperature. Noteworthy none of the previous studies have attempted to investigate trends in relative humidity over Sri Lanka. Therefore, identifying the existing research gap, this paper presents trends and variability analysis of atmospheric temperature and relative humidity of Sri Lanka. The long-term variations of minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity records at 18 stations distributed in the three climatic zones namely, the dry zone, the intermediate zone, and the wet zone in Sri Lanka were investigated for 30 years from 1990 to 2019. Annual and monthly trends were assessed using non-parametric statistical tests, including the Mann Kendall test (MK), Sen’s slope, and Spearman’s rho test, while the changing points of temperature and humidity were determined using the Pettit test. In addition, the variability of climate parameters was estimated using the Coefficient of Variation (CoV). Interesting and encouraging results were obtained from the present analysis. Badulla in the intermediate climatic zone was identified with unexpected decreasing temperature trends, while several other areas were identified with expected increasing temperature and relative humidity trends. The adaptation practices based on these results would be interesting to incorporate in achieving sustainable development goals for the country.
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Herath, Damayanthi, Jeevani Jayasinghe, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Forecasting Electricity Power Generation of Pawan Danavi Wind Farm, Sri Lanka, Using Gene Expression Programming." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2022 (May 16, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7081444.
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This paper presents the development of a wind power forecasting model based on gene expression programming (GEP) for one of the major wind farms in Sri Lanka, Pawan Danavi. With the ever-increasing demand for renewable power generation, Sri Lanka has started harnessing electricity from wind power. Though the initial establishment cost of wind farms is high, the analyses clearly showcased the economic sustainability of wind power generation in long term. In this context, forecasting the wind power generation at Sri Lankan wind farms is important in many ways. However, limited research has been carried out in Sri Lanka to predict the wind power generation against the changing climate. Therefore, to overcome this research gap, a model was developed to forecast wind power generation against two climatic factors, viz. on-site wind speed and ambient temperature. The results showcased the robustness and accuracy of the proposed GEP-based forecasting model (with R2 = 0.92, index of agreement = 0.98, and RMSE = 259 kW). Moreover, the results of the study were compared against three different forecasting models and found comparable in terms of the model accuracy. The GEP-based model is advantageous over machine learning techniques due to its capability in deriving a mathematical expression. As an acceptable relationship was found between wind power generation and climatic factors, the proposed model facilitates the future projection of wind power generations with forecasted climatic factors. Though the application of GEP in the field of wind power generation is reported in a few research publications, this is the first research in which GEP is employed to model the power generation with respect to weather indices. The proposed prediction model is advantageous than machine learning models as the relationship between the wind power and the weather indices can be expressed.
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De Zoysa, Mangala, and Makoto Inoue. "Climate Change Impacts, Agroforestry Adaptation and Policy Environment in Sri Lanka." Open Journal of Forestry 04, no. 05 (2014): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.45049.
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Premathilake, Rathnasiri, and Jan Risberg. "Late Quaternary climate history of the Horton Plains, central Sri Lanka." Quaternary Science Reviews 22, no. 14 (June 2003): 1525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(03)00128-8.
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Dabare, Geeshani, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Nandika Miguntanna, Kamal Laksiri, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Climate Variation and Hydropower Generation in Samanalawewa Hydropower Scheme, Sri Lanka." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 53, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v53i3.7384.
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Prakash, T. G. S. L., D. M. S. H. K. Ranasinghe, and I. G. S. S. K. Karunadasa. "Dengue prevalence as an evidence of Climate change in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (December 23, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v5i2.96.
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Silva, J. De, and D. U. J Sonnadara. "Century scale climate change in the central highlands of Sri Lanka." Journal of Earth System Science 125, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-015-0652-z.
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Satkunaratnam, Ahalya. "Staging War: Performing Bharata Natyam in Colombo, Sri Lanka." Dance Research Journal 45, no. 1 (April 2013): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767712000319.
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This article is an ethnographic study of Bharata Natyam choreographies performed in venues across Colombo, Sri Lanka, during the ethnically divisive civil war. The compositions reveal the strategies of female choreographers who are using dance to address the war in a climate that often silences citizens from discussing the topic in public. I illuminate the discreet negotiations of ethnic identity taking place within choreographies, informed by circulating meanings ascribed to the dance, the ethnic compositions of the bodies dancing and watching, and the shifting experience of living in the city during an escalating civil war.
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Gnanasubramaniam, Sharunya, and Dilini Hemachandra. "Perception of Climate Change and Farmers' Adaptation: An Analysis for Effective Policy Implementation." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 30, no. 1-2 (October 12, 2020): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120946177.
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Divergence in the actual practices and policy goals often leads to ineffective policy implementation. Shedding light on this issue, this study intends to enrich the debate on the adaptation to climate change, which includes farm-level adaptation practices in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka and enabled policies. The study involved analysing the farm level adaptation practices and the factors influencing actual adaptation practices adopted by employing a Multinomial Logit Model. The study used primary data collected from Sri Lanka Environmental and Agricultural Decision-Making Survey. The impact of perception of climate change on adaptation techniques was measured by developing an index on Climate Change Perception. The index was generated as a composite of multiple statements related to climate change by utilising Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The results revealed that cultivating other field crops and short duration seed varieties increased with climate change awareness. Further income, education, age, cost, and irrigation scheme affect choosing the adaptation practices. A comparison of climate change adaptation practices adopted by farmers with the program goals shows a mismatch between farmers’ perceptions and the adaptation practices promoted by the government. This study proposes to consider the grassroots level scenario before developing policies and that programs have to be developed and implemented based on adaptation practices preferred at the ground level.
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Ratnayake, Sujith S., Lalit Kumar, and Champika S. Kariyawasam. "Neglected and Underutilized Fruit Species in Sri Lanka: Prioritisation and Understanding the Potential Distribution under Climate Change." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010034.
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Neglected and underutilized fruit species (NUFS) can make an important contribution to the economy, food security and nutrition requirement for Sri Lanka. Identifying suitable areas for cultivation of NUFS is of paramount importance to deal with impending climate change issues. Nevertheless, limited studies have been carried out to assess the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of NUFS. Therefore, we examined the potential range changes of NUFS in a tropical climate using a case study from Sri Lanka. We prioritized and modeled the potentially suitable areas for four NUFS, namely Aegle marmelos, Annona muricata, Limonia acidissima and Tamarindus indica under current and projected climates (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for 2050 and 2070 using the maximum entropy (Maxent) species distribution modeling (SDM) approach. Potentially suitable areas for NUFS are predicted to decrease in the future under both scenarios. Out of the four NUFS, T. indica appears to be at the highest risk due to reduction in potential areas that are suitable for its growth under both emissions scenarios. The predicted suitable area reductions of this species for 2050 and 2070 are estimated as >75% compared to the current climate. A region of potentially higher climatic suitability was found around mid-county for multiple NUFS, which is also predicted to decrease under projected climate change. Further, the study identified high-potential agro-ecological regions (AERs) located in the mid-country’s wet and intermediate zones as the most suitable areas for promoting the cultivation of NUFS. The findings show the potential for incorporating predictive modeling into the management of NUFS under projected climate change. This study highlights the requirements of climate change adaptation strategies and focused research that can increase the resilience of NUFS to future changes in climate.
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Alahacoon, Niranga, Mahesh Edirisinghe, and Manjula Ranagalage. "Satellite-Based Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Monitoring for Agricultural Sustainability in Sri Lanka." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063427.
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For Sri Lanka, as an agricultural country, a methodical drought monitoring mechanism, including spatial and temporal variations, may significantly contribute to its agricultural sustainability. Investigating long-term meteorological and agricultural drought occurrences in Sri Lanka and assessing drought hazard at the district level are the main objectives of the study. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) were used as drought indicators to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of agriculture and meteorological droughts. Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data from 1989 to 2019 was used to calculate SPI and RAI. MOD13A1 and MOD11A2 data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2019, were used to generate the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI). Agricultural drought monitoring was done using VHI and generated using the spatial integration of VCI and TCI. Thus, various spatial data analysis techniques were extensively employed for vector and raster data integration and analysis. A methodology has been developed for the drought declaration of the country using the VHI-derived drought area percentage. Accordingly, for a particular year, if the country-wide annual extreme and severe drought area percentage based on VHI drought classes is ≥30%, it can be declared as a drought year. Moreover, administrative districts of Sri Lanka were classified into four hazard classes, No drought, Low drought, Moderate drought, and High drought, using the natural-beak classification scheme for both agricultural and meteorological droughts. The findings of this study can be used effectively by the relevant decision-makers for drought risk management (DRM), resilience, sustainable agriculture, and policymaking.
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Khaniya, Bhabishya, Chamaka Karunanayake, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Projection of Future Hydropower Generation in Samanalawewa Power Plant, Sri Lanka." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (October 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862067.
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The projection of future hydropower generation is extremely important for the sustainable development of any country, which utilizes hydropower as one of the major sources of energy to plan the country’s power management system. Hydropower generation, on the other hand, is mostly dependent on the weather and climate dynamics of the local area. In this paper, we aim to study the impact of climate change on the future performance of the Samanalawewa hydropower plant located in Sri Lanka using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs are one of the most effective machine learning tools for examining nonlinear relationships between the variables to understand complex hydrological processes. Validated ANN model is used to project the future power generation from 2020 to 2050 using future projected rainfall data extracted from regional climate models. Results showcased that the forecasted hydropower would increase in significant percentages (7.29% and 10.22%) for the two tested climatic scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Therefore, this analysis showcases the capability of ANN in projecting nonstationary patterns of power generation from hydropower plants. The projected results are of utmost importance to stakeholders to manage reservoir operations while maximizing the productivity of the impounded water and thus, maximizing economic growth as well as social benefits.
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Azmi, F. "Small Scale Fishers and Transformative Potential of Fisheries Policies in Cambodia, India, and Sri Lanka." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 06, no. 02 (July 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i02.01.
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This article emanated from a research that dealt with a cross-country research project on Gender, migration and fisheries in Asia - Cambodia, India and Sri Lanka. The project aimed at providing a critical understanding of changes taken place among the fishing communities in these countries within the context of depleting natural resources, social conflicts, climate change,technological changes and policy changes. The main aim of this article is to review and discuss current policy initiatives in fisheries in Cambodia, India and Sri Lanka to examine their transformative potential in addressing the issues of poverty and well-being among fishing communities. Using content analysis method, this paper focuses on the 2010-2019 and 2015-2024 Strategic Planning Frameworks in Fisheries of Cambodia, 2017-fishery policy in India and 2018-fishery policy in Sri Lanka to understand their transformative potentials. The analysis finds that the selected policies show tremendous transformative potentials in the areas of reducing poverty and improving the well-being of SSFs. Yet their capacity to make such transformation remains unclear. It calls for a comprehensive policy approach to address the issues of small-scale fishers who are the backbone of the fisheries livelihoods.
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Chathuranika, Imiya M., Miyuru B. Gunathilake, Hazi Md Azamathulla, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Evaluation of Future Streamflow in the Upper Part of the Nilwala River Basin (Sri Lanka) under Climate Change." Hydrology 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9030048.
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Climate change is a serious and complex crisis that impacts humankind in different ways. It affects the availability of water resources, especially in the tropical regions of South Asia to a greater extent. However, the impact of climate change on water resources in Sri Lanka has been the least explored. Noteworthy, this is the first study in Sri Lanka that attempts to evaluate the impact of climate change in streamflow in a watershed located in the southern coastal belt of the island. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the climate change impact on streamflow of the Upper Nilwala River Basin (UNRB), Sri Lanka. In this study, the bias-corrected rainfall data from three Regional Climate Models (RCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were fed into the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model to obtain future streamflow. Bias correction of future rainfall data in the Nilwala River Basin (NRB) was conducted using the Linear Scaling Method (LSM). Future precipitation was projected under three timelines: 2020s (2021–2047), 2050s (2048–2073), and 2080s (2074–2099) and was compared against the baseline period from 1980 to 2020. The ensemble mean annual precipitation in the NRB is expected to rise by 3.63%, 16.49%, and 12.82% under the RCP 4.5 emission scenario during the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, and 4.26%, 8.94%, and 18.04% under RCP 8.5 emission scenario during 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively. The future annual streamflow of the UNRB is projected to increase by 59.30% and 65.79% under the ensemble RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, respectively, when compared to the baseline scenario. In addition, the seasonal flows are also expected to increase for both RCPs for all seasons with an exception during the southwest monsoon season in the 2015–2042 period under the RCP4.5 emission scenario. In general, the results of the present study demonstrate that climate and streamflow of the NRB are expected to experience changes when compared to current climatic conditions. The results of the present study will be of major importance for river basin planners and government agencies to develop sustainable water management strategies and adaptation options to offset the negative impacts of future changes in climate.
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Wijesekera, A. T., and R. Lalitha S. Fernando. "Measures for Employee Engagement: Public Service in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 3, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v3i2.37.
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Employee engagement is crucial in the delivery of public service efficiently and effectively. Employee engagement is essential as a foundation for service climate (Salanova et al., 2005). Measuring employee engagement is vital to identify the areas to be improved to increase the service quality. The most accepted Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is heavily applied to measure the employee engagement of Business to Customer (B2C) profit oriented organizations. Therefore, a customized measure for employee engagement is essential for public service. This paper describes the development of a customized scale based on UWES scale for assessing employee engagement in public service with reference to Divisional Secretariats in Sri Lanka. In developing and validating measures, qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized as recommended by Hinkin's (1998). Finally, a customized scale with 16-items was developed under vigor, dedication and absorption dimensions to measure the employee engagement of public service in Sri Lanka.
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Irangani, B. K. Sagarika, Liu Zhiqiang, Nilesh Kumar, and Saroj Khanal. "Effect of competitive psychological climate on unethical pro-team behavior: The role of perceived insider status and transformational leadership." Management 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0057.
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Summary The purpose of this study is to explain why employees in financial companies in Sri Lanka are likely to engage in unethical pro-team behaviors and how transformational leaders involve controlling unethical pro-team behaviors in a competitive work environment. The study employed a quantitative approach to investigate the association between the competitive psychological climate and perceived insider status on unethical pro-team behaviors. The authors collected data from 426 sales representatives at a finance company in Sri Lanka and tested hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling analyses through Smart PLS version 3. The results indicate that competitive psychological climate and perceived insider status are positively associated with unethical pro-team behaviors. Further, the transformational leadership’s moderation is negatively significant on the relationship between competitive psychological climate and unethical pro-team behaviors. The study has shown that the leader will delegate more responsibility to the employee, associated with increased employee empowerment and high-quality, ethical behaviors. Besides, it contributes to the literature as of the new theoretical base and offers practical implications with the richer view of a nomological link between the leader, competitive employee, and competitive work environment.