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Journal articles on the topic 'Sri Lanka Jaffna (Sri Lanka)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

M, Balasubramaniam, Sivapalan K, Tharsha J, Sivatharushan V, Nishanthi V, Kinthusa S, and Dilani M. "Blood Pressure values of Sri Lankan Tamils in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2015.2.3.15.

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Nitkunan, Arani. "Postcard from Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Practical Neurology 13, no. 5 (June 12, 2013): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2013-000584.

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Chattoraj, Diotima. "Narratives of Sri Lankan Displaced Tamils Living in Welfare Centres in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v2i2.3707.

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This article addresses the kind of attachment that the Sri Lankan Tamil IDPs, refugeed in the welfare centers of Jaffna, have to their Ur/homes in the post-war era. This article is to explore, how they describe the meaning of attachment to their Ur even after two decades of displacement and how this is related to the negotiations with displacement. To understand this relationship, I used the concept of attachment to analyze my collected data. The qualitative materials are drawn from the data collected during my ethnographic field-visit in Jaffna in February-March 2013. The focus is on narrative interviews with IDPs staying at the welfare centers in Jaffna. This article discusses in detail the narrative of an IDP who spoke on behalf of several others who were in the same situation and staying at the center since the early 1990s. From his narrative, I show their intense sense of attachment not only to their Urbut also to the memories and emotions which are related to their Ur. I argue that the meaning of Urand attachment to it, has remained unchanged for this group of population in Jaffna due to socio-economic reasons and aspirations to a good life.

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Mayilvaganan, M. "Engaging Post-LTTE Sri Lanka." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 68, no. 1 (March 2012): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492841106800102.

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India’s role in Sri Lanka assumes more significance now than before, with the end of war and devolution of power sharing in limbo. While the LTTE is wiped out militarily and isolated internationally, the existing militarisation in Jaffna with war crime charges at UN and awaiting political solution in limbo, Sri Lanka demands India’s attention. The call for India’s greater engagement with Sri Lanka had resurfaced domestically with a demand from Tamil Nadu parties urging India to play a more proactive role pertaining to rebuilding and sustaining peace in post-war Sri Lanka, and in ending assault on Indian fisherman at Palk Strait. On other hand, the fostering of ties between Sri Lanka and Pakistan and China push for more primed hands-on role from the point of view of India’s long-term strategic interest. There is, therefore, a need to have a re-look of India’s policy options towards Sri Lanka in light of recent developments.

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Zimmerman, John R., Kecia M. Bertermann, Paul J. Bollinger, and Donnie R. Woodyard. "Prehospital System Development in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 5 (July 10, 2013): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13008625.

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AbstractIntroductionThe building of prehospital emergency medical care systems in developing and lower middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank) is a critical step in those countries’ efforts to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality. This case report presents the development of a prehospital care system in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka and provides the results of the system's first year of operations, the likely reasons for the results, and the prospects for sustained operations of the system. The goal of this report is to add to the literature surrounding Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in developing countries by providing insight into the implementation of a prehospital emergency care system in developing and lower middle-income settings.MethodsThe level of utilization and the financial performance of the system during its first year of operation were analyzed using data from the Jaffna Regional Director of Health Services (RDHS) Call Center database and information from the implementing organization, Medical Teams International.ResultsThe system responded to >2000 emergency calls in its first 11 months of operation. The most utilized ambulance of the system experienced only a US $13.50 loss during the first 12 months of operation. Factors such as up-front support, a systematic approach, and appropriateness contributed to the successful implementation of the Jaffna prehospital EMS system.ConclusionThe implementation of a prehospital EMS system and its functioning were successful in terms of utility and, in many regards, financial stability. The system's success in development may serve as a potential model for implementing prehospital emergency medical care in other developing and lower middle-income country settings, keeping in mind factors outside of the system that were integral to its developmental success.ZimmermanJR, BertermannKM, BollingerPJ, WoodyardDR. Prehospital system development in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-8.

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Harris. "Contested Histories, Multi-Religious Space and Conflict: A Case Study of Kantarodai in Northern Sri Lanka." Religions 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10090537.

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This article focuses on the archaeological site of Kantarodai (Tamil) or Kadurugoda (Sinhala) on the Jaffna peninsula at the northernmost tip of Sri Lanka to examine the power of spatially embodied, contested histories within postcolonial and post-war communities. The Sri Lankan military who control Kantarodai view it simply as a Sinhala Buddhist site. However, when it is viewed through the lens of international archaeological scholarship, its multi-ethnic and multi-religious history becomes clear. Its present situation speaks of a failure to affirm the narratives connected with this history. In examining this case study, I first evoke the changing political and religious landscapes of the peninsula in the recent past, drawing on my own visits to Jaffna during Sri Lanka’s ethnic war. Second, I examine one dominant imaginary that is projected onto the peninsula, from the Sinhala Buddhist community, the most powerful community in the island. Thirdly, I move to Kantarodai, focussing on two recent representations of its history and the privileging of one of these in Sri Lanka’s post-war polity. I then assess the consequences for Sri Lanka of the failure to affirm multiplicity at Kantarodai, drawing out its wider relevance for the study of post-colonial and post-war societies.

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Danvers, K., S. Sivayokan, D. J. Somasundaram, and R. Sivashankar. "Ten months on: qualitative assessment of psychosocial issues in northern Sri Lanka following the tsunami." International Psychiatry 3, no. 3 (July 2006): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004793.

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The tsunami which affected South Asia on 26 December 2004 caused over 41 000 deaths in Sri Lanka, representing 0.2% of the total population, and displaced over 880 000 people from their homes and livelihoods (World Health Organization, 2004). Kilinochchi, Jaffna and Mullativu districts in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka were affected by the tsunami and, as of April 2005, in the whole province, 6200 people had lost their lives, 961 were still missing, 19 618 were still housed in welfare centres and 45 548 were housed with relatives and friends (Government of Sri Lanka, 2005).

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Amarasinghe, Sivarathy, Balakumar Sandrasegarampillai, and Vasanthy Arasaratnam. "Metabolic syndrome among Jaffna Tamil community, Sri Lanka." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 19, no. 5 (2015): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.163204.

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Bollinger, P., J. Zimmerman, K. Bertermann, R. Nominathan, and D. R. Woodyard. "(P2-4) Prehospital System Development in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004481.

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IntroductionThis case study presents the development of a prehospital system in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The case then outlines the development of the system, examines its first year of operations, and investigates possible reasons for the results of the development of the prehospital system in Jaffna. Finally, the case discusses the continued operations of the system.MethodsThis case study qualitatively researches the development of the Jaffna prehospital care system by looking at indicators of success in human resources, technical knowledge and community awareness. The case study also quantitatively examines the utilization and financial performance of the system during its first year of operation.ResultsAccording to indicators, the implementation of the model and its functioning can arguably be considered successful in terms of utility, and in many regards financial stability. The system has already responded to over 2,000 emergency calls in its first eleven months of operation. The main ambulance and call center has managed to operate at only a $13.50 USD loss during its first twelve months of operation. It has established quality standards by utilizing trained Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT) and ambulances featuring basic life saving equipment. The system has also integrated itself as a part of the overall health system of the community it is serving.ConclusionsThe system's success in development should be examined as a potential model for implementing prehospital care in a developing and middle-income country setting, while keeping in mind factors outside of the system that were integral to its developmental success.

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Abyerami, S., and K. Sivashanth. "Diversity of Snakes from the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 1, 2008): 1969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.1969.1978.

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Uthayashangar, S., A. Nanthakumaran, and S. Devaisy. "Status of the saltwater intrusion in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Ceylon Journal of Science 48, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v48i3.7647.

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Thevakaran, A., and D. U. J. Sonnadara. "Estimating missing daily temperature extremes in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 132, no. 1-2 (February 24, 2017): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2082-0.

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Ragavan, N., D. C. T. Dissanayake, and S. Kuganathan. "Status of the fishery of Jaffna lagoon, Sri Lanka." Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences 26, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljas.v26i1.7584.

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Ganesvaran, T., and R. Rajarajeswaran. "Fatal Deliberate Self-Harm seen in a Sri Lankan Hospital." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 3 (March 1988): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.3.420.

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A total of 328 patients were admitted for deliberate self harm (DSH) to the General Hospital Jaffna, Sri Lanka, during the year 1984. Twenty-two of these patients succumbed to their injuries. Information about these patients collected before death, and their methods of suicide, are reported.

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V., Jeevaratnam, Balakumar S., Mikunthan T., and Prabaharan M. "Quality of groundwater in Valikamam area, Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijwree2017.0714.

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Paramanathan, Kalki, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, and Arthorn Riewpaiboon. "Health seeking behavior and its determinants in Jaffna Sri Lanka." Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia 44, no. 3 (2017): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29090/psa.2017.03.134.

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Raveendran, S., and V. Srikaran. "Assessment of carbon foot print of Jaffna Town, Sri Lanka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 329 (October 11, 2019): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012053.

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Thevakaran, A., and D. U. J. Sonnadara. "Reconstruction of missing monthly temperature observations in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 41, no. 1 (March 24, 2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v41i1.5328.

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Mahagamage, M. G. Y. L., Pavithrani S. Manage, and Pathmalal M. Manage. "Water quality and microbial contamination status of groundwater in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Journal of Water and Land Development 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0001.

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Abstract In Sri Lanka, among 2588 Salmonella positive cases, the highest incidences were recorded from Jaffna peninsula during 2005 to 2013. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the microbiological and chemical contamination status of groundwater (40 well water) sources in Jaffna during November 2016. The total coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. along with some physico-chemical parameters of groundwater were studied. The results revealed that entire peninsula was contaminated with total coliform and E. coli bacteria and the parameters recorded were not within the WHO and SLS (Sri Lanka Standards) drinking water quality standards. 38% of sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and among them six sampling locations were being used for drinking purposes. The results of the study correlates with the statistics of typhoid cases recorded in Jaffna. Results of the study also revealed that around 80% of wells were not within the values specified in guidelines of the SLS for drinking water quality on electrical conductivity. Further, 15% of wells recorded greater than 10 mgꞏdm–3 nitrate, which is still below the SLS drinking water standards (45 mgꞏdm–3). According to the water quality data, PCA analysis showed that Jaffna town, Nallur, Tellippalai and Kopay DS divisions has similar characteristics for water quality.

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V., Kumaradeepan, and Pathmini, M G S. "Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Leading Super Markets in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka." Business Management and Strategy 8, no. 2 (November 19, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v8i2.12159.

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The topic of the research is Customer Satisfaction (CS) and Customer Loyalty (CL); special reference to the leading supermarkets in Jaffna. The objective of the research is to identify the impact of Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty of leading Supermarkets in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The research is simply deductive approach to find out the impact between Customer satisfaction and Customer loyalty. Quantitative method is available based on primary data. At present there are 08 numbers of supermarkets functioning in Jaffna district and popular three were selected. Random sampling technique is used to collect the data from customers of supermarkets in selected area. The analysis is carried out using a sample of 240 customers in Jaffna and only 218 were taken to analyze. ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ (SPSS) 22.0 version was used in order to analyze the data. Correlation was used to find the connection between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Also Regression analysis is used to predict the value of a variable based on the value of two or more other variables. Also found that about 40 percent connection between Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty and also found around 16% affect by Customer satisfaction to Customer loyalty.

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Priyashantha, A. K. H., and T. Taufikurahman. "Mangroves of Sri Lanka: Distribution, status and conservation requirements." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 654–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.083.

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Mangroves are a diverse group of highly salt-tolerant woody plants, which grow in the inter-tidal zones in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Despite its unique services to the people, coastal and marine systems, mangroves have become one of the most rapidly disappearing ecosystems in the world. This paper reviews the available information on distribution, current status and challenges of mangroves in Sri Lanka. Today, around 160 km2 of mangrove vegetation is available in Sri Lanka and distributed mainly in Jaffna, Batticaloa, Kalpitiya, Rekawa and Trincomalee and is composed of 21 species of true mangroves and 24 species of mangrove associates. Mangroves in the island have been adversely affected due to the numerous anthropogenic activities, including land reclamation, tourism, coastal aquaculture and agriculture and other industrial activities etc. Proper conservations of mangroves are urgently required to the island to avoid further decline of mangrove ecosystem. It is imperative to evaluate policies, legal instruments and development strategies to effectively protect this valuable ecosystem.

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Duncan, Ross, and Mieke Lopes Cardozo. "Reclaiming reconciliation through community education for the Muslims and Tamils of post-war Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Research in Comparative and International Education 12, no. 1 (March 2017): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745499917696425.

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This paper explores the possibilities and challenges for ethno-religious reconciliation through secondary school education in post-war Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on the Muslim and Tamil communities in the Northern city of Jaffna. In doing so, we position our paper within the growing field of ‘education, conflict and emergencies’ of which there has been a growing body of literature discussing this contentious relationship. The paper draws from an interdisciplinary and critical theoretical framework that aims to analyse the role of education for peacebuilding, through a multi-scalar application of four interconnected dimensions of social justice: redistribution, recognition, representation and reconciliation (or 4 R’s, Novelli, Lopes Cardozo and Smith, 2015). We apply this framework to interpret primary data collected through an ethnographic study of two under-studied communities that have been disproportionately affected by the 1983 to 2009 civil war and displacement: the Northern Sri Lankan Muslims and Northern Sri Lankan Tamils. We find that structural inequalities in society are replicated in formal secondary school education and are perceived to be perpetuating ethno-religious conflict between Muslim and Tamil; second, through a multi-scalar analysis, formal peace education is perceived by respondents not to be meeting the needs of communities; and third, we observe how in response to failings of state peace education, an ‘unofficial’ Tamil–Muslim community education incorporating a social justice-based approach has emerged. This has facilitated a process of cross-community reconciliation between Muslim and Tamil through individual (teachers, students) and community (Muslim–Tamil community based organisations) agency. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for peace education policy and future research.

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Bowden, Gilbert, and Tony Binns. "Youth employment and post-war development in Jaffna, northern Sri Lanka." Conflict, Security & Development 16, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2016.1179448.

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Selvarajan, N., and Vanaja Rajaratnam. "Limnology of two temporary ponds in the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Vingnanam Journal of Science 5, no. 1-2 (February 19, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/vingnanam.v5i1-2.4105.

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Pfaffenberger, Bryan. "The Political Construction of Defensive Nationalism: The 1968 Temple-Entry Crisis in Northern Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1990): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058434.

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In the same year (1968) that students blockaded the streets of Paris, the formerly somnolent Jaffna Peninsula—the center of Tamil culture in Sri Lanka—was rocked by its own version of civil unrest. Led by an activist affiliated with the “Peking wing” of the Ceylon Communist party, several hundred “Minority Tamils” (mainly of the traditionally “untouchable” Paḷḷar and Naḻavar castes) sat in nonviolent protest (satyagrãha) before the gates of Jaffna's most orthodox Hindu temple, the temple of Lord Kandacami (Skanda) in the village called Maviddapuram. Hindus believe this large and beautiful structure represents the very ideal of the reformed Śaivite temple advocated by Arumuka Navalar (1822–79), Jaffna's champion Hindu reformer. Traditionally closed to untouchables, the Brahman-owned temple provided the setting for a two-week campaign to gain admittance that was timed to coincide with the temple's summer festival. After days of tense but peaceful confrontation, the demonstration turned violent as dozens of self-styled “Defenders of Saivism,” Hindus of high-caste rank (Veḷḷāḷars and their domestic servants, the Kōviyars), beat back the Minority Tamils with iron rods and sand-filled bottles. Feelings ran very high throughout the peninsula, and there were many incidents of violence, some lethal. To many Tamils and outside observers, it seemed as though Jaffna was poised on the brink of an all-out war between the castes (see, for example, Fontgalland 1968). Yet the conflict abated, and although there were temple-entry skirmishes in Jaffna as late as 1978, the Maviddapuram fracas was followed by a process of political unification as the Tamil community—Veḷḷāḷars and Minority Tamils alike—joined hands to contest the declining fortunes of Tamils in a country dominated by Sinhalese.

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N., Baskaran. "People with Disabilities and Their Representation in Public Spaces: A Case Study of Post-War Jaffna." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 1 (2017): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.31.2005.

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People with disabilities have become an important topic for discussion in the post-war Sri Lanka due to many reasons. In Northern Sri Lanka, different age group of the population in war-torn areas are often direct or indirect victims of violence, and witnesses to various issues associated with war disaster. Over three decades of war in Sri Lanka has changed the traditional views of disability and replaced it with a view of disability as a social oppression. This study, therefore, looks to understand the social background of people with disabilities. The main objective of this study is to consider the meaning of disabilities in public spaces in post-war Jaffna[1]. The chosen field was undertaken in Thenmaradchi Divisional Secretariat of Jaffna district. This paper has reported on the experiences of 59 people with disabilities who were disabled during the war period. The primary data were collected from interviews and surveys with predetermined case study, non-direct and participant observation and key informant interviews through purposive sampling. It is in this context; an attempt is made to understand the meaning of people with disabilities through their day-to-day life events, situations, and their experiences. This paper discusses the meaning of disabilities under three factors namely, Religious Discourse, Family Structure and Women Status based on grounded theory method. Moreover, these socio-cultural interpretations of people with disabilities are linked with other important factors such economic and political aspects. The finding of the study was that the people with disabilities depicted there are usually crippled and socially excluded or hidden in the limited public spaces in post-war Jaffna. Since disability issues have become a central part of the development and social work discourse in the post-war Tamil society, the researcher hopes that this research will contribute to policy formation for people with disabilities and the effective implications of the post-war reintegration process and development process. Finally, it is hoped that the study will create social awareness and mobilize people with disabilities and strengthen the disabled in society.

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Silva, Kalinga Tudor. "Nationalism, Caste-blindness and the Continuing Problems of War-Displaced Panchamars in Post-war Jaffna Society." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i1.145.

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This article tries to unpack why subaltern caste groups in Jaffna society have failed to end their displacement and move out of the IDP camps many years after the end of war between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Using both quantitative and qualitative data from the affected communities the paper argues that the interplay among ethnicity, caste and social class and ethnic-biases and caste-blindness of state policies and Sinhala and Tamil politics largely informed by rival nationalist perspectives are among the underlying causes of the prolonged IDP problem in the Jaffna Peninsula. In search of an appropriate solution to the intractable IDP problem in post-war Sri Lanka, the paper calls for increased participation of subaltern caste groups in political decision making and policy dialogues, release of land in high security zones for affected IDPs wherever possible and provision of adequate incentives for remaining IDPs to move to alternative locations arranged by the state in consultation with the IDPs and members of neighbouring communities where the IDPs cannot possibly go back to their original sites.

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THIRANAGAMA, SHARIKA. "‘A Railway to the Moon’: The post-histories of a Sri Lankan railway line." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000631.

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AbstractThis paper takes as its subject the 1905 opening and 1990 closure of the Northern Railway Line, the major Sri Lankan railway which ran the length of the island from south to north. It argues that it can been seen as a social compact in which the life of the individual, the community, and the state became integrally intertwined. It focuses on two dimensions of what the Northern Railway Line enabled in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon): first, a physical and symbolic representation of stateness, and, secondly, the pursuit of mundane everyday life. These are embedded within Sri Lanka's landscapes and histories of colonial and post-colonial rule, and the ethnic conflict, riots, and war which inextricably shaped the railway's journeys and passengers. Railways are more often thought of as large-scale, high-tech artefacts rather than the smaller everyday technologies that are the themes of other papers in this special issue. However, this paper highlights the ways in which railways also make particular kinds of everyday life possible and how, in being woven into routine daily and weekly journeys, the Northern Railway Line came to intertwine the changing circumstances and histories of its mainly Tamil passengers within an increasingly ethnicized national landscape. In the aftermath of its closure, the railway has now come to symbolize a desire for a return to the normalcy of the past, an aspiration to an everyday experience that younger generations have never had, and which has, in consequence, become a potent force.. . . the Northern Railway Line to be opened tomorrow would be a great boon to the Jaffnese in and out of Jaffna. . . it has become possible to travel to Jaffna in a single day. . . At last the railway which was characterized as a ‘tantalising vision’ by a previous Governor and ‘a railway to the moon’, by a quondam Colonial Secretary, has become a fait accompli.1This line has been completely destroyed between Vavuniya and Kankesanthurai (KKS) a track length of 160km. . . The Northern Railway Line is the main line connecting Colombo with Jaffna. . . the third largest town in Sri Lanka prior to the conflict and the Northern Railway Line was in high demand from both passengers and freight. There is a great sentiment amongst the people of the north for restoration.2

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Keshavaraj, A., and K. Sorubiga. "Semiological variations of migraineurs referred to headache clinics in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 381 (October 2017): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3432.

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Krishnakumar, G., S. Sivayokan, and D. Somasundaram. "Coordination of psychosocial activities at the Jaffna District Level in Sri Lanka." Intervention 6, no. 3 (November 2008): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0b013e32831fb096.

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Kanaagaratham, Kalawathy, and K. Theivendirarajah. "Studies on four cultivars of Banana in the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Vingnanam Journal of Science 5, no. 1-2 (February 19, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/vingnanam.v5i1-2.4104.

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Rajasooriyar, L., V. Mathavan, H. A. Dharmagunawardhane, and V. Nandakumar. "Groundwater quality in the Valigamam region of the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 193, no. 1 (2002): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2002.193.01.14.

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Van Der Veer, Guus, Daya Somasundaram, and Fr S. Damian. "Counselling in areas of armed conflict: the case of Jaffna, Sri Lanka." British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 31, no. 4 (November 2003): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069880310001609295.

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Thavaseelan, Rajan, Sooriyakumar Krishnapillai, and Selvarathnam Santhirasegaram. "ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LEASING ON LESSEES IN JAFFNA DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.10885.

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Gobyshanger, Thayasivam, Alison M. Bales, Claire Hardman, and Mary McCarthy. "Establishment of a road traffic trauma registry for northern Sri Lanka." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 1 (January 2020): e001818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001818.

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Road traffic injuries are a neglected global public health problem. Over 1.25 million people are killed each year, and middle-income countries, which are motorising rapidly, are the hardest hit. Sri Lanka is dealing with an injury-related healthcare crisis, with a recent 85% increase in road traffic fatality rates. Road traffic crashes now account for 25 000 injuries annually and 10 deaths daily. Development of a trauma registry is the foundation for injury control, care and prevention. Five northern Sri Lankan provinces collaborated with Jaffna Teaching Hospital to develop a local electronic registry. The Centre for Clinical Excellence and Research was established to provide organisational leadership, hardware and software were purchased, and data collectors trained. Initial data collection was modified after implementation challenges were resolved. Between 1 June 2017 and 30 September 2017, 1708 injured patients were entered into the registry. Among these patients, 62% were male, 76% were aged 21–50, 71.3% were motorcyclists and 34% were in a collision with another motorcyclist. There were frequent collisions with uncontrolled livestock (12%) and with fixed objects (14%), and most patients were transported by private vehicles without prehospital care. Head (n=315) and lower extremity (n=497) injuries predominated. Establishment of a trauma registry in low-income and middle-income countries is a significant challenge and requires invested local leadership; the most challenging issue is ongoing funding. However, this pilot registry provides a valuable foundation, identifying unique injury mechanisms, establishing priorities for prevention and patient care, and introducing the concept of an organised system to this region.

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Sellathurai, T., K. Venugoban, S. S. Sivakumar, and T. Mikunthan. "Drought Analysis Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI): A Case Study in Jaffna Peninsula in Sri Lanka." Tropical Agricultural Research 32, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tar.v32i3.8497.

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J., Prabagar, Prabagar S., and Thuraisingam S. "Nitrate contamination of groundwater: An issue for livelihood in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." African Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2020.14740.

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N., Ravimannan, and Sepali E. "Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from mangroves of Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." African Journal of Plant Science 14, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2020.1987.

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Sivashanth, K., G. A. Charles, and S. Shutharsha. "Fecundity Studies of Gerres abbreviatus (Bleeker, 1850) From the Jaffna Lagoon, Sri Lanka." Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 3, no. 5 (August 15, 2008): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2008.320.327.

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Mikunthan, Thushyanthy. "Conservation of groundwater to its sustainable use in Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka." Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Restoration 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4029/2007jemrest3no13.

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Yoganathan, T., V. Arasaratnam, M. Hettiarachchi, and C. Liyanage. "The Study on Thyroid Status among Newborns in Jaffna District in Sri Lanka." Procedia Food Science 6 (2016): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.051.

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Sujanitha, Vathulan, Sivapalan Sivansuthan, W. Venkatesh Luckshman, Rajendramani Gnaneswaran, Thangarajaha Jeyakanth, and UPALA Gunarathna. "The clinical manifestations, outcome and identification of jellyfish stings in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Tropical Doctor 47, no. 3 (January 6, 2017): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475516684341.

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We carried out a descriptive study over one year on 62 fishermen stung by jellyfish while fishing. Most were aged under 60 years. The timing of the sting was mostly between midnight and 4am (32%). Clinical symptoms were mainly localised pain and burning (80%), itching (67%) and shortness of breath (42%). Almost all patients received antihistamines (97%) and steroids (87%). None of them needed intensive care; they needed only 1–2 days in hospital. Jellyfish identified in fishing nets were Catostylus mosaicus, Cynea capillata and moon jellyfish.

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Saruga, S., K. Sivashanthini, S. Sutharshiny, K. Gunaalan, and P. Shobiya. "Ecological footprints for aquaculture possibility in selected mangrove regions of Jaffna, Sri Lanka." Vingnanam Journal of Science 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/vingnanam.v14i2.4157.

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Kannathasan, Selvam, Arumugam Murugananthan, Nadarajah Rajeshkannan, and Nilanthy Renuka de Silva. "Cutaneous Larva Migrans among Devotees of the Nallur Temple in Jaffna, Sri Lanka." PLoS ONE 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): e30516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030516.

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Karunanayake, Chamaka, Miyuru B. Gunathilake, and Upaka Rathnayake. "Inflow Forecast of Iranamadu Reservoir, Sri Lanka, under Projected Climate Scenarios Using Artificial Neural Networks." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2020 (November 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821627.

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Prediction of water resources for future years takes much attention from the water resources planners and relevant authorities. However, traditional computational models like hydrologic models need many data about the catchment itself. Sometimes these important data on catchments are not available due to many reasons. Therefore, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are useful soft computing tools in predicting real-world scenarios, such as forecasting future water availability from a catchment, in the absence of intensive data, which are required for modeling practices in the context of hydrology. These ANNs are capable of building relationships to nonlinear real-world problems using available data and then to use that built relationship to forecast future needs. Even though Sri Lanka has an extensive usage of water resources for many activities, including drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower development, navigation, and many other recreational purposes, forecasting studies for water resources are not being carried out. Therefore, there is a significant gap in forecasting water availability and water needs in the context of Sri Lanka. Thus, this paper presents an artificial neural network model to forecast the inflows of one of the most important reservoirs in northern Sri Lanka using the upstream catchment’s rainfall. Future rainfall data are extracted using regional climate models for the years 2021–2050 and the inflows of the reservoir are forecasted using the validated neural network model. Several training algorithms including Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), BFGS quasi-Newton (BFG), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) have been used to find the best fitting training algorithm to the prediction process of the inflows against the measured inflows. Results revealed that the LM training algorithm outperforms the other tests algorithm in developing the prediction model. In addition, the forecasted results using the projected climate scenarios clearly showcase the benefit of using the forecasting model in solving future water resource management to avoid or to minimize future water scarcity. Therefore, the validated model can effectively be used for proper planning of the proposed drinking water supply scheme to the nearby urban city, Jaffna in northern Sri Lanka.

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Wanigasekera, Vipula. "Overcoming cross-cultural differences in post-war Sri Lanka: the case of Jetwing in Jaffna." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2018-0082.

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Purpose Cross-cultural differences must be taken into consideration for tourism development. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the importance of cross-cultural differences in a location which is emerging from a dark period after a prolonged war caused by ethnic differences. Design/methodology/approach While the existing tourism models deal with the impact of cross-cultural differences, it is difficult to apply them in certain situations, such as postwar Sri Lanka. The study therefore adopted an inductive, qualitative approach where information has been obtained from all stakeholders. Findings The conflict in Sri Lanka in the North and East has been interpreted differently by many individual stakeholder groups. This study reveals how economic development can bring communities together. The project elaborated in this study represents an investment of over US$6m. Given that the location of Jaffna was a focal point of the 26-year long civil war from 1983 to 2009, the risk of failure would have been extremely high. Originality/value The study ascertained qualitative perceptions from a cross-section of perspectives: the investor, local residents and employees. The project is shown to be a viable example of how to address socio cultural differences in the creation of a profitable venture.

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Gopalakrishnan, Tharani, and Lalit Kumar. "Modeling and Mapping of Soil Salinity and its Impact on Paddy Lands in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 8317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208317.

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Soil salinity is a major threat to land productivity, water resources and agriculture in coastal areas and arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This has a significantly negative effect on the land and causes desertification. Monitoring salt accumulation in the soil is crucial for the prevention of land degradation in such environments. This study attempted to estimate and map soil salinity in Jaffna Peninsula, a semi-arid region of Sri Lanka. A Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model was constructed using Sentinel 2A satellite imagery and field-measured soil electrical conductivity (EC) values. The results showed that satisfactory prediction of the soil salinity could be made based on the PLSR model coupled with Sentinel 2A satellite imagery (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 0.4830). Overall, 32.8% of the land and 45% of paddy lands in Jaffna Peninsula are affected by salt. The findings of this study indicate that PLSR is suitable for the soil salinity mapping, especially in semi-arid regions like Jaffna Peninsula. The results underpin the importance of building adaptive capacity and implementing suitable preventive strategies for sustainable land and agricultural management.

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Wickramasinghe, Nira, and Alicia Schrikker. "The Ambivalence of Freedom: Slaves in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 03 (June 20, 2019): 497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911819000159.

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This article discusses slavery and the lives of enslaved people in Jaffna, northern Sri Lanka, under Dutch and British rule. It argues that by sanctioning and tapping into a perceived local practice of slavery and legally constituting slaves, Dutch colonial rulers further strengthened the power of the dominant caste Vellalar over their subordinates. This was done through processes of registration, legal codification, and litigation. For some enslaved people, however, bureaucratization provided grounds for negotiation and resistance, as well as the potential to take control over their individual lives. British rule that took over areas controlled by the Dutch East India Company or Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie—first in the guise of the East India Company (1796–1802), then under the Crown (1802–1948)—introduced a number of measures, acts, and incentives to dismantle slavery as it was practiced on the island. This article draws from Dutch and early British period petitions, court records, commission reports, and slave registers to interrogate the discourse of freedom that permeated the British abolition of slavery from 1806 to 1844 and suggests that in Jaffna after abolition there remained bondage in freedom.

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Arulananthan, Ashani, Venura Herath, Sivashanthini Kuganathan, Anura Upasanta, and Akila Harishchandra. "The Status of the Coral Reefs of the Jaffna Peninsula (Northern Sri Lanka), with 36 Coral Species New to Sri Lanka Confirmed by DNA Bar-Coding." Oceans 2, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030029.

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Sri Lanka, an island nation located off the southeast coast of the Indian sub-continent, has an unappreciated diversity of corals and other reef organisms. In particular, knowledge of the status of coral reefs in its northern region has been limited due to 30 years of civil war. From March 2017 to August 2018, we carried out baseline surveys at selected sites on the northern coastline of the Jaffna Peninsula and around the four largest islands in Palk Bay. The mean percentage cover of live coral was 49 ± 7.25% along the northern coast and 27 ± 5.3% on the islands. Bleaching events and intense fishing activities have most likely resulted in the occurrence of dead corals at most sites (coral mortality index > 0.33). However, all sites were characterised by high values of diversity (H’ ≥ 2.3) and evenness (E ≥ 0.8). The diversity index increased significantly with increasing coral cover on the northern coast but showed the opposite trend on the island sites. One hundred and thirteen species of scleractinian corals, representing 16 families and 39 genera, were recorded, as well as seven soft coral genera. Thirty-six of the scleractinian coral species were identified for the first time on the island of Sri Lanka. DNA barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was employed to secure genetic confirmation of a few difficult-to-distinguish new records: Acropora aspera, Acropora digitifera, Acropora gemmifera, Montipora flabellata, and Echinopora gemmacea.

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Thevananth, Thevanayagam. "தேசம் மக்களால் ஆனது கோட்பாட்டை வலியுறுத்திய மண்சுமந்த மேனியர் நாடகம்." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i1.3333.

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Is in play. The play is made up of everyday life activities. The place where the action takes place is defined as the stage. Drama is the best of human language that uses verbal and physical devices to reflect life.The stage is seen as a process and is used as a tool to achieve human development goals. The stage is a way to understand the nature of aggression. This is a collaborative effort of many. It invites people there to engage in creative processes. Creativity is defined as a process by which innovation can be achieved.The platform of the oppressed emerges from the belief that the role of society in changing oppression and achieving liberation from oppression can be critically explained. But drama for social change and liberation from oppression; has been used for years. This study explores the potential dynamics of drama to achieve an ideal goal based on theatrical literature.Theatrical font intended for content analysis methodology. The forum has helped people in Jaffna, Sri Lanka to develop their problem-solving skills to eliminate oppression, empower and strategize. It used theatrical methods to break down internal and external oppression into everyday life and future challenges.This study looks at how the Mansumanthamaniyar play, produced by Jaffna University students in the mid-1980s, which saw the intensification of the Tamil liberation struggle in Sri Lanka, motivated the youth and the people towards liberation and emphasized the principle of ‘the nation became the people’.

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