Journal articles: 'SSAM'

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Bhowmick, Patit P., Devananda Devegowda, H. A. Darshanee Ruwandeepika, Iddya Karunasagar, and Indrani Karunasagar. "Presence of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 genes in seafood-associated Salmonella serovars and the role of the sseC gene in survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden in epithelial cells." Microbiology 157, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.043596-0.

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The type III secretion system encoded by the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) has a central role in the pathogenesis of systemic infections by Salmonella. Sixteen genes (ssaU, ssaB, ssaR, ssaQ, ssaO, ssaS, ssaP, ssaT, sscB, sseF, sseG, sseE, sseD, sseC, ssaD and sscA) of SPI-2 were targeted for PCR amplification in 57 seafood-associated serovars of Salmonella. The sseC gene of SPI-2 was found to be absent in two isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden, SW13 and SW39. Absence of sseC was confirmed by sequencing using flanking primers. SW13 had only 66 bp sequence of the sseC gene and SW39 had 58 bp sequence of this gene. A clinical isolate, S. Weltevreden – SW3, 10 : r : z6 – was used to construct a deletion mutant for the sseC gene. Significant reduction in the survival of SW3, 10 : r : z6 ΔsseC and natural mutants SW13 and SW39 in HeLa cells suggests that sseC has a crucial role in the intracellular survival of S. Weltevreden. Expression of sseC was upregulated during the intracellular phase of both S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and clinical isolate S. Weltevreden SW3, 10 : r : z6, suggesting a crucial role for this gene in the survival of S. Weltevreden inside host cells.

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Werner-Washburne, M., D. E. Stone, and E. A. Craig. "Complex interactions among members of an essential subfamily of hsp70 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (July 1987): 2568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2568.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a large family of genes related to hsp70, the major heat shock-inducible gene of Drosophila melanogaster. One subfamily, identified by sequence homology, contains four genes, SSA1, SSA2, SSA3, and SSA4 (formerly YG100, YG102, YG106, and YG107, respectively). Previous studies showed that strains containing mutations in SSA1 and SSA2 are temperature sensitive for growth. SSA4, which is normally heat inducible and not expressed during vegetative growth, is expressed at high levels in ssa1 ssa2 strains at 23 degrees C. We constructed mutations in SSA3 and SSA4 and analyzed strains carrying mutations in the four genes. Strains carrying mutations in SSA3 SSA4 or SSA3 and SSA4 were indistinguishable from the wild type. However, ssa1 ssa2 ssa4 strains were inviable. SSA3, like SSA4, is a heat-inducible gene that is not normally expressed at 23 degrees C. Nevertheless, an intact copy of SSA3 regulated by the constitutive SSA2 promoter was capable of rescuing a ssa1 ssa2 ssa4 strain. This indicates that SSA3 encodes a functional protein and that the SSA1, SSA2, SSA3, and SSA4 gene products are functionally similar.

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Werner-Washburne, M., D. E. Stone, and E. A. Craig. "Complex interactions among members of an essential subfamily of hsp70 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 7 (July 1987): 2568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.7.2568-2577.1987.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a large family of genes related to hsp70, the major heat shock-inducible gene of Drosophila melanogaster. One subfamily, identified by sequence homology, contains four genes, SSA1, SSA2, SSA3, and SSA4 (formerly YG100, YG102, YG106, and YG107, respectively). Previous studies showed that strains containing mutations in SSA1 and SSA2 are temperature sensitive for growth. SSA4, which is normally heat inducible and not expressed during vegetative growth, is expressed at high levels in ssa1 ssa2 strains at 23 degrees C. We constructed mutations in SSA3 and SSA4 and analyzed strains carrying mutations in the four genes. Strains carrying mutations in SSA3 SSA4 or SSA3 and SSA4 were indistinguishable from the wild type. However, ssa1 ssa2 ssa4 strains were inviable. SSA3, like SSA4, is a heat-inducible gene that is not normally expressed at 23 degrees C. Nevertheless, an intact copy of SSA3 regulated by the constitutive SSA2 promoter was capable of rescuing a ssa1 ssa2 ssa4 strain. This indicates that SSA3 encodes a functional protein and that the SSA1, SSA2, SSA3, and SSA4 gene products are functionally similar.

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Nelson, R. J., M. F. Heschl, and E. A. Craig. "Isolation and characterization of extragenic suppressors of mutations in the SSA hsp70 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 131, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.2.277.

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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that contain null alleles of two hsp70 genes, SSA1 and SSA2, are temperature sensitive for growth. In this study, extragenic suppressors of ssa1 ssa2 have been isolated. Suppression is due to mutations at nuclear loci designated EXA1, EXA2 and EXA3 for EXtragenic suppressor hsp70 subfamily A. Two of the four EXA1 alleles are dominant as is EXA3-1. The other two EXA1 alleles as well as the sole EXA2 allele are recessive. EXA1 mutations lead to accumulation of a previously uncharacterized form of hsp70. EXA2 and EXA3 mutations affect the regulation of the stress response. In exa2-1 ssa1 ssa2 strains the gene products of the remaining SSA hsp70 genes, SSA3 and SSA4 (Ssa3/4p), accumulate to higher levels. The EXA3-1 mutation results in increased accumulation of both Ssa3/4p and the hsp70s encoded by the SSB1 and SSB2 genes (Ssb1/2p), suggesting that the EXA3 gene product plays a central role in the yeast stress response. Consistent with this hypothesis, EXA3-1 is tightly linked to HSF1, the gene encoding the transcriptional regulatory protein known as "heat shock factor." All of the genes identified in this study seem to be involved in regulating the expression of SSA3 and SSA4 or the activity of their protein products.

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Grassi, Lorenzo, Sami P. Väänänen, Matti Ristinmaa, Jukka S. Jurvelin, and Hanna Isaksson. "Prediction of femoral strength using 3D finite element models reconstructed from DXA images: validation against experiments." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 16, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-016-0866-2.

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Abstract Computed tomography (CT)-based finite element (FE) models may improve the current osteoporosis diagnostics and prediction of fracture risk by providing an estimate for femoral strength. However, the need for a CT scan, as opposed to the conventional use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for osteoporosis diagnostics, is considered a major obstacle. The 3D shape and bone mineral density (BMD) distribution of a femur can be reconstructed using a statistical shape and appearance model (SSAM) and the DXA image of the femur. Then, the reconstructed shape and BMD could be used to build FE models to predict bone strength. Since high accuracy is needed in all steps of the analysis, this study aimed at evaluating the ability of a 3D FE model built from one 2D DXA image to predict the strains and fracture load of human femora. Three cadaver femora were retrieved, for which experimental measurements from ex vivo mechanical tests were available. FE models were built using the SSAM-based reconstructions: using only the SSAM-reconstructed shape, only the SSAM-reconstructed BMD distribution, and the full SSAM-based reconstruction (including both shape and BMD distribution). When compared with experimental data, the SSAM-based models predicted accurately principal strains (coefficient of determination >0.83, normalized root-mean-square error <16%) and femoral strength (standard error of the estimate 1215 N). These results were only slightly inferior to those obtained with CT-based FE models, but with the considerable advantage of the models being built from DXA images. In summary, the results support the feasibility of SSAM-based models as a practical tool to introduce FE-based bone strength estimation in the current fracture risk diagnostics.

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Brasier, Clive, Selma Franceschini, Jack Forster, and Susan Kirk. "Enhanced Outcrossing, Directional Selection and Transgressive Segregation Drive Evolution of Novel Phenotypes in Hybrid Swarms of the Dutch Elm Disease Pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060452.

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In the 1970s, clones of the two subspecies of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, subsp. americana (SSAM) and subsp. novo-ulmi (SSNU) began to overlap in Europe, resulting in hybrid swarms. By 1983–1986, hybrids with high, SSAM-like growth and pathogenic fitness comprised ~75% of popula-tions at Limburg, Netherlands and Orvieto, Italy. We resampled these populations in 2008 to examine trends in hybrid fitness traits. Since preliminary sampling in 1979–1980, MAT-1 locus frequency had increased from ~0% to ~32% at Orvieto and 5% to ~43% at Limburg, and vegeta-tive incompatibility type frequency had changed from near clonal to extremely diverse at both sites. This represents an enormous increase in outcrossing and recombination potential, due in part to selective acquisition (under virus pressure) of MAT-1 and vic loci from the resident O. ulmi and in part to SSAM × SSNU hybridisation. Overt virus infection in the 2008 samples was low (~4%), diagnostic SSAM and SSNU cu and col1 loci were recombinant, and no isolates exhib-ited a parental SSAM or SSNU colony pattern. At both sites, mean growth rate and mean patho-genicity to 3–5 m clonal elm were high SSAM-like, indicating sustained directional selection for these characters, though at Orvieto growth rate was slower. The once frequent SSNU-specific up-mut colony dimorphism was largely eliminated at both sites. Perithecia formed by Limburg isolates were mainly an extreme, long-necked SSNU-like form, consistent with transgressive segregation resulting from mismatch of SSAM and SSNU developmental loci. Orvieto isolates produced more parental-like perithecia, suggesting the extreme phenotypes may have been se-lected against. The novel phenotypes in the swarms are remodelling O. novo-ulmi in Europe. Locally adapted genotypes may emerge.

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Harder, Phillip, Warren D. Helgason, and John W. Pomeroy. "Modeling the Snowpack Energy Balance during Melt under Exposed Crop Stubble." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 1191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0039.1.

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Abstract On the Canadian Prairies, agricultural practices result in millions of hectares of standing crop stubble that gradually emerges during snowmelt. The importance of stubble in trapping wind-blown snow and retaining winter snowfall has been well demonstrated. However, stubble is not explicitly accounted for in hydrological or energy balance snowmelt models. This paper relates measurable stubble parameters (height, width, areal density, and albedo) to the snowpack energy balance and snowmelt with the new, physically based Stubble–Snow–Atmosphere Model (SSAM). Novel process representations of SSAM quantify the attenuation of shortwave radiation by exposed stubble, the sky and vegetation view factors needed to solve longwave radiation terms, and a resistance scheme for stubble–snow–atmosphere fluxes to solve for surface temperatures and turbulent fluxes. SSAM results were compared to observations of radiometric snow-surface temperature, stubble temperature, snow-surface solar irradiance, areal-average turbulent fluxes, and snow water equivalent from two intensive field campaigns during snowmelt in 2015 and 2016 over wheat and canola stubble in Saskatchewan, Canada. Uncalibrated SSAM simulations compared well with these observations, providing confidence in the model structure and parameterization. A sensitivity analysis conducted using SSAM revealed compensatory relationships in energy balance terms that result in a small increase in net snowpack energy as stubble exposure increases.

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Wu, Mike, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Mengling Feng, Leo A. Celi, Peter Szolovits, and Finale Doshi-Velez. "Understanding vasopressor intervention and weaning: risk prediction in a public heterogeneous clinical time series database." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 24, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw138.

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Background: The widespread adoption of electronic health records allows us to ask evidence-based questions about the need for and benefits of specific clinical interventions in critical-care settings across large populations. Objective: We investigated the prediction of vasopressor administration and weaning in the intensive care unit. Vasopressors are commonly used to control hypotension, and changes in timing and dosage can have a large impact on patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We considered a cohort of 15 695 intensive care unit patients without orders for reduced care who were alive 30 days post-discharge. A switching-state autoregressive model (SSAM) was trained to predict the multidimensional physiological time series of patients before, during, and after vasopressor administration. The latent states from the SSAM were used as predictors of vasopressor administration and weaning. Results: The unsupervised SSAM features were able to predict patient vasopressor administration and successful patient weaning. Features derived from the SSAM achieved areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.92, 0.88, and 0.71 for predicting ungapped vasopressor administration, gapped vasopressor administration, and vasopressor weaning, respectively. We also demonstrated many cases where our model predicted weaning well in advance of a successful wean. Conclusion: Models that used SSAM features increased performance on both predictive tasks. These improvements may reflect an underlying, and ultimately predictive, latent state detectable from the physiological time series.

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Kim, Kyung Min, Mitsuru Saito, Grant G. Schultz, and Dennis L. Eggett. "Evaluating Safety Impacts of Access Management Alternatives with the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 17 (May 14, 2018): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118773505.

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In a traditional safety impact analysis, it is necessary to have crash data on existing roadway conditions and a few years must pass before accumulating additional crash data to evaluate the safety impact of an improvement. This is a time-consuming approach and there remains uncertainty in the crash data integrity. The surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) was developed for resolving these issues. With SSAM, a conflict analysis is performed in a simulated environment. A planned improvement alternative is modeled and no physical installation of the alternative is needed. This study evaluated if SSAM can be used to assess the safety of a highway segment in terms of the number and type of conflicts and to compare the safety effects of multiple access management alternatives. An evaluation of the effect of converting a two-way left-turn lane (TWLTL) into a raised median on a section of an urban street was performed using SSAM working on VISSIM simulation’s trajectory files. The analysis showed that a raised median would be much safer than a TWLTL median for the same level of traffic volume, with approximately 32 to 50 percent reduction in the number of crossing conflicts. The analysis showed that about 34,000 to 38,000 veh/day would be the demand level where the median conversion is recommended for the four-lane study section. The study concluded that the combination of a simulation software program with SSAM could be a viable surrogate analysis approach for evaluating and comparing the safety effects of multiple access management alternatives.

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Essa, Mohamed, and Tarek Sayed. "Comparison between Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Real-Time Safety Models in Predicting Field-Measured Conflicts at Signalized Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120907874.

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Traffic simulation models are frequently used to evaluate the safety of signalized intersections, especially when testing unconventional designs or investigating the effects of emerging technologies such as connected and autonomous vehicles. In this approach, vehicle trajectories extracted from traffic simulation are usually analyzed using the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) to estimate the number and severity of traffic conflicts. However, recent research has shown that evaluating safety using SSAM has several limitations. First, a rigorous calibration procedure must be applied to the simulation model to obtain reliable conflict results. Second, simulation models in many cases do not accurately represent actual driving behavior. Subsequently, they often fail to capture the actual mechanisms generating near-misses. This paper presents a new procedure, alternative to SSAM, for evaluating the safety of signalized intersections. The procedure combines simulated vehicle trajectories with real-time safety models to predict rear-end conflicts. The conflict prediction is based on dynamic traffic parameters, such as traffic volume and shock wave characteristics, repeatedly measured over a short time interval (a few seconds). To validate the proposed procedure, its performance was investigated in predicting traffic conflicts extracted from 54 hours of real-world video data at two signalized intersections in the city of Surrey, British Columbia. The predicted conflict results were compared with SSAM. Overall, the results showed that the proposed procedure outperforms SSAM in relation to accuracy of conflict prediction. Lastly, a case study of using the proposed procedure in evaluating the safety impact of a recently developed connected-vehicles application is presented.

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Baxter, Bonnie K., and Elizabeth A. Craig. "Suppression of an Hsp70 Mutant Phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Loss of Function of the Chromatin Component Sin1p/Spt2p." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 6484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.24.6484-6492.1998.

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ABSTRACT The Ssa subfamily of Hsp70 molecular chaperones in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has four members, encoded bySSA1, SSA2, SSA3, andSSA4. Deletion of the two constitutively expressed genes,SSA1 and SSA2, results in cells which are slow growing and temperature sensitive. In this study, we demonstrate that an extragenic suppressor of the temperature sensitivity of ssa1 ssa2 strains, EXA1-1, is a loss-of-function mutation in SIN1/SPT2, which encodes a nonhistone component of chromatin. Loss of function of Sin1p leads to overexpression ofSSA3 in the ssa1 ssa2 mutant background, at a level which is sufficient to mediate suppression. In a strain which is wild type for SSA genes, we detected no effect of Sin1p on Ssa3p expression except under conditions of heat shock. Existing data indicate that expression of SSA3 in thessa1 ssa2 mutant background as well as in heat-shocked wild-type strains is mediated by the heat shock transcription factor HSF. Our findings suggest that it is HSF-mediated induction of SSA3 which is modulated by Sin1p. TheEXA1-1 suppressor mutation thus improves the growth ofssa1 ssa2 strains by selectively increasing HSF-mediated expression of SSA3.

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Shen, Y., F. Peng, and B. Li. "Improved singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 22, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-371-2015.

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Abstract. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a powerful technique for time series analysis. Based on the property that the original time series can be reproduced from its principal components, this contribution develops an improved SSA (ISSA) for processing the incomplete time series and the modified SSA (SSAM) of Schoellhamer (2001) is its special case. The approach is evaluated with the synthetic and real incomplete time series data of suspended-sediment concentration from San Francisco Bay. The result from the synthetic time series with missing data shows that the relative errors of the principal components reconstructed by ISSA are much smaller than those reconstructed by SSAM. Moreover, when the percentage of the missing data over the whole time series reaches 60 %, the improvements of relative errors are up to 19.64, 41.34, 23.27 and 50.30 % for the first four principal components, respectively. Both the mean absolute error and mean root mean squared error of the reconstructed time series by ISSA are also smaller than those by SSAM. The respective improvements are 34.45 and 33.91 % when the missing data accounts for 60 %. The results from real incomplete time series also show that the standard deviation (SD) derived by ISSA is 12.27 mg L−1, smaller than the 13.48 mg L−1 derived by SSAM.

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Shen, Y., F. Peng, and B. Li. "Improved singular spectrum analysis for time series with missing data." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussions 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2014): 1947–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npgd-1-1947-2014.

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Abstract. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a powerful technique for time series analysis. Based on the property that the original time series can be reproduced from its principal components, this contribution will develop an improved SSA (ISSA) for processing the incomplete time series and the modified SSA (SSAM) of Schoellhamer (2001) is its special case. The approach was evaluated with the synthetic and real incomplete time series data of suspended-sediment concentration from San Francisco Bay. The result from the synthetic time series with missing data shows that the relative errors of the principal components reconstructed by ISSA are much smaller than those reconstructed by SSAM. Moreover, when the percentage of the missing data over the whole time series reaches 60%, the improvements of relative errors are up to 19.64, 41.34, 23.27 and 50.30% for the first four principal components, respectively. Besides, both the mean absolute errors and mean root mean squared errors of the reconstructed time series by ISSA are also much smaller than those by SSAM. The respective improvements are 34.45 and 33.91% when the missing data accounts for 60%. The results from real incomplete time series also show that the SD derived by ISSA is 12.27 mg L−1, smaller than 13.48 mg L−1 derived by SSAM.

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Gaur, Deepika, Prashant Singh, Jyoti Guleria, Arpit Gupta, Satinderdeep Kaur, and Deepak Sharma. "The Yeast Hsp70 Cochaperone Ydj1 Regulates Functional Distinction of Ssa Hsp70s in the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway." Genetics 215, no. 3 (April 16, 2020): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303190.

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Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 90 assists in the folding of diverse sets of client proteins including kinases and growth hormone receptors. Hsp70 plays a major role in many Hsp90 functions by interacting and modulating conformation of its substrates before being transferred to Hsp90s for final maturation. Each eukaryote contains multiple members of the Hsp70 family. However, the role of different Hsp70 isoforms in Hsp90 chaperoning actions remains unknown. Using v-Src as an Hsp90 substrate, we examined the role of each of the four yeast cytosolic Ssa Hsp70s in regulating Hsp90 functions. We show that the strain expressing stress-inducible Ssa3 or Ssa4, and the not constitutively expressed Ssa1 or Ssa2, as the sole Ssa Hsp70 isoform reduces v-Src-mediated growth defects. The study shows that although different Hsp70 isoforms interact similarly with Hsp90s, v-Src maturation is less efficient in strains expressing Ssa4 as the sole Hsp70. We further show that the functional distinction between Ssa2 and Ssa4 is regulated by its C-terminal domain. Further studies reveal that Ydj1, which is known to assist substrate transfer to Hsp70s, interacts relatively weakly with Ssa4 compared with Ssa2, which could be the basis for poor maturation of the Hsp90 client in cells expressing stress-inducible Ssa4 as the sole Ssa Hsp70. The study thus reveals a novel role of Ydj1 in determining the functional distinction among Hsp70 isoforms with respect to the Hsp90 chaperoning action.

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E. Jehad, A., A. Ismail, M. N. Borhan, and S. Z. Ishak. "Modelling and optimizing of electronic toll collection (ETC) at Malaysian toll plazas using microsimulation models." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14338.

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Toll plazas are one of the critical components of a roadway system. At the same time, they are among the most complex road structures, as drivers are exposed to a large amount of information and have a short amount of time to make a decision to avoid any collision. VISSIM and SSAM are used to investigate the effect of various Malaysian toll plazas design and traffic conditions on drivers’ behaviour and level of safety. The study was made a well-calibrated and validated VISSIM simulation model and several scenarios were simulated to test their efficacy for improving toll plaza safety aspects by using SSAM afterwards. From the results it was observed that the VISSIM simulation model scenarios such as implementing booths orientation and segregating lanes for different vehicle types to improve the level of service have significant safety aspects improvement regarding conflict points and lane change accidents results while using Surrogate Safety As-sessment Model (SSAM) in order to give the need for remediation of either the roadway design or the flow-control strategy.

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Becker, J., W. Walter, W. Yan, and E. A. Craig. "Functional interaction of cytosolic hsp70 and a DnaJ-related protein, Ydj1p, in protein translocation in vivo." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 8 (August 1996): 4378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4378.

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In order to analyze the in vivo role of the SSA class of cytosolic 70-kDa heat shock proteins (hsps) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant of SSA1. The effect of a shift of mutant cells (ssa1ts ssa2 ssa3 ssa4) from the permissive temperature of 23 degrees C to the nonpermissive temperature of 37 degrees C on the processing of several precursor proteins translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria was assessed. Of three mitochondrial proteins tested, the processing of only one, the beta subunit of the F1F0 ATPase, was dramatically affected. Of six proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum, the translocation of only prepro-alpha-factor and proteinase A was inhibited. The processing of prepro-alpha-factor was inhibited within 2 min of the shift to 37 degrees C, suggesting a direct effect of the hsp70 defect on translocation. More than 50% of radiolabeled alpha-factor accumulated in the precursor form, with the remainder rapidly reaching the mature form. However, the translocation block was complete, as the precursor form could not be chased through the translocation pathway. Since DnaJ-related proteins are known to interact with hsp70s and strains containing conditional mutations in a dnaJ-related gene, YDJ1, are defective in translocation of prepro-alpha-factor, we looked for a genetic interaction between SSA genes and YDJ1 in vivo. We found that a deletion mutation of YDJ1 was synthetically lethal in a ssa1ts ssa2 ssa3 ssa4 background. In addition, a strain containing a single functional SSA gene, SSA1, and a deletion of YDJ1 accumulated the precursor form of alpha-factor. However, no genetic interaction was observed between a YDJ1 mutation and mutations in the SSB genes, which encode a second class of cytosolic hsp70 chaperones. These results are consistent with SSA proteins and Ydj1p acting together in the translocation process.

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Das, Plaban, Seri Park, and Parth Bhavsar. "Simulation-Based Framework for Estimating Crash Modification Factors (CMFs): A Case Study for ITS Countermeasures." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (April 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1980363.

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The efficient movement of users and goods is the primary purpose of the surface transportation system. Roadway traffic crashes have devastating impacts on quality of life of the users as well as health of the system. While researchers are utilizing advanced computing and communication tools to reduce number of crashes on the roadways, there is still an absence of appropriate method to evaluate the safety performances of these advanced technologies in the planning stage. Development of crash modification factors (CMFs) is a standard method to evaluate the safety effect of proposed countermeasures. Though, the current practices of developing CMFs are not efficient and cost-effective in case of addressing impacts of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) countermeasures. This study demonstrated a proof of concept of simulation-based framework for determining CMFs for ITS countermeasures. The proposed framework includes the application of traffic microsimulation model and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) developed by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The integration of these two models is suggested to estimate CMFs efficiently. However, the calibration of traffic microsimulation model and SSAM model is essential to portrait the real-world scenarios. A case study for estimating CMFs of ITS countermeasures was conducted to validate the proposed simulation-based approach. Four ITS countermeasures were considered: ramp metering, variable speed limit, junction control, and dynamic lane assignment. They were coded in traffic microsimulation environment and vehicle trajectory files were generated to import into SSAM model. After analyzing these trajectory files in SSAM tool, it was found that all proposed ITS countermeasures, except variable speed limit assignment, could reduce the number of crashes at crash prone locations.

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Doig, Emmah J., and Amanda T. Lane-Brown. "Responsiveness of Instruments to Assess Disorders of Consciousness: A Literature Review." Brain Impairment 13, no. 3 (December 2012): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2012.29.

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Objectives: To summarise available evidence for responsiveness of six key assessments used with patients with disorders of consciousness: Coma Recovery Scale – Revised (CRS-R), Disorders Of Consciousness Scale (DOCS), Sensory Modality Assessment and Rehabilitation Technique (SMART), Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM), Wessex Head Injury Matrix (WHIM), and the Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP).Method: A literature search of five electronic databases was conducted using a systematic search strategy. Relevant literature was evaluated and pertinent information extracted.Results: Database searches using key terms initially yielded 132 articles. Following review for inclusion identified 24 articles. No studies were specifically designed to investigate responsiveness of any of the measures and therefore responsiveness data were either based on statistical significance of change post-treatment or descriptive analysis of change scores. The majority of studies identified used the CRS-R (n= 11), WHIM (n= 5) and WNSSP (n= 6) and have established responsiveness to change. There is some preliminary evidence for the responsiveness of the other measures, based on very few available studies: DOCS (n= 2), SMART (n= 1) or SSAM (n= 1).Conclusion: Future studies should seek to include responsiveness analysis, particularly in relation to the DOCS, SMART and SSAM.

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Ullah, Mohib, Habib Ullah, and Faouzi Alaya Cheikh. "SINGLE SHOT APPEARANCE MODEL (SSAM) FOR MULTI-TARGET TRACKING." Electronic Imaging 2019, no. 7 (January 13, 2019): 466–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2019.7.iriacv-466.

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Muley, Deepti, Mohammad Ghanim, and Mohamed Kharbeche. "Prediction of Traffic Conflicts at Signalized Intersections using SSAM." Procedia Computer Science 130 (2018): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.04.037.

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KIM, Dongkwan, and Sangjun PARK. "The Impact Analysis of Leading Pedestrian Interval Using Surrogate Safety Assesment Model." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 37, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2019.37.3.232.

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Bar, Neil, and Alison McQuillan. "Q-slope and SSAM applied to excavated coal mine slopes." MethodsX 8 (2021): 101191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101191.

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Kim, Y., J. Cheon, T. Hur, S. Byun, and G. Woo. "SSAM: A Haskell Parallel Programming STM Based Simple Actor Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1566 (June 2020): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1566/1/012040.

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Andersson, Rebecca, Anna Maria Eisele-Bürger, Sarah Hanzén, Katarina Vielfort, David Öling, Frederik Eisele, Gustav Johansson, Tobias Gustafsson, Kristian Kvint, and Thomas Nyström. "Differential role of cytosolic Hsp70s in longevity assurance and protein quality control." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): e1008951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008951.

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70 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) are essential chaperones of the protein quality control network; vital for cellular fitness and longevity. The four cytosolic Hsp70’s in yeast, Ssa1-4, are thought to be functionally redundant but the absence of Ssa1 and Ssa2 causes a severe reduction in cellular reproduction and accelerates replicative aging. In our efforts to identify which Hsp70 activities are most important for longevity assurance, we systematically investigated the capacity of Ssa4 to carry out the different activities performed by Ssa1/2 by overproducing Ssa4 in cells lacking these Hsp70 chaperones. We found that Ssa4, when overproduced in cells lacking Ssa1/2, rescued growth, mitigated aggregate formation, restored spatial deposition of aggregates into protein inclusions, and promoted protein degradation. In contrast, Ssa4 overproduction in the Hsp70 deficient cells failed to restore the recruitment of the disaggregase Hsp104 to misfolded/aggregated proteins, to fully restore clearance of protein aggregates, and to bring back the formation of the nucleolus-associated aggregation compartment. Exchanging the nucleotide-binding domain of Ssa4 with that of Ssa1 suppressed this ‘defect’ of Ssa4. Interestingly, Ssa4 overproduction extended the short lifespan of ssa1Δ ssa2Δ mutant cells to a lifespan comparable to, or even longer than, wild type cells, demonstrating that Hsp104-dependent aggregate clearance is not a prerequisite for longevity assurance in yeast.

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Giuffrè, Orazio, Anna Granà, Maria Luisa Tumminello, Tullio Giuffrè, Salvatore Trubia, Antonino Sferlazza, and Marko Rencelj. "Evaluation of Roundabout Safety Performance through Surrogate Safety Measures from Microsimulation." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (December 5, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4915970.

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The paper presents a microsimulation-based approach for roundabout safety performance evaluation. Based on a sample of Slovenian roundabouts, the vehicle trajectories exported from AIMSUN and VISSIM were used to estimate traffic conflicts using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). AIMSUN and VISSIM were calibrated for single-lane, double-lane and turbo roundabouts using the corresponding empirical capacity function which included critical and follow-up headways estimated through meta-analysis. Based on calibration of the microsimulation models, a crash prediction model from simulated peak hour conflicts for a sample of Slovenian roundabouts was developed. A generalized linear model framework was used to estimate the prediction model based on field collected crash data for 26 existing roundabouts across the country. Peak hour traffic distribution was simulated with AIMSUN, and peak hour conflicts were then estimated with the SSAM applying the filters identified by calibrating AIMSUN and VISSIM. The crash prediction model was based on the assumption that the crashes per year are a function of peak hour conflicts, the ratio of peak hour traffic volume to average daily traffic volume and the roundabout outer diameter. Goodness-of-fit criteria highlighted how well the model fitted the set of observations also better than the SSAM predictive model. The results highlighted that the safety assessment of any road unit may rely on surrogate safety measures, but it strongly depends on microscopic traffic simulation model used.

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Zamansky, Rémi, Ivana Vinkovic, and Mikhael Gorokhovski. "Acceleration in turbulent channel flow: universalities in statistics, subgrid stochastic models and an application." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 721 (March 21, 2013): 627–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.48.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the characterization and the stochastic modelling of the fluid acceleration in turbulent channel flow. In the first part, the acceleration is studied by direct numerical simulation (DNS) at three Reynolds numbers (${\mathit{Re}}_{\ast } = {u}_{\ast } h/ \nu = 180$, 590 and 1000). It is observed that whatever the wall distance is, the norm of acceleration is log-normally distributed and that the variance of the norm is very close to its mean value. It is also observed that from the wall to the centreline of the channel, the orientation of acceleration relaxes statistically towards isotropy. On the basis of dimensional analysis, a universal scaling law for the acceleration norm is proposed. In the second part, in the framework of the norm/orientation decomposition, a stochastic model of the acceleration is introduced. The stochastic model for the norm is based on fragmentation process which evolves across the channel with the wall distance. Simultaneously the orientation is simulated by a random walk on the surface of a unit sphere. The process is generated in such a way that the mean components of the orientation vector are equal to zero, whereas with increasing wall distance, all directions become equally probable. In the third part, the models are assessed in the framework of large-eddy simulation with stochastic subgrid acceleration model (LES–SSAM), introduced recently by Sabel’nikov, Chtab-Desportes & Gorokhovski (Euro. Phys. J. B, vol. 80, 2011, p. 177–187), and designed to account for the intermittency at subgrid scales. Computations by LES–SSAM and its assessment using DNS data show that the prediction of important statistics to characterize the flow, such as the mean velocity, the energy spectra at small scales, the viscous and turbulent stresses, the distribution of the acceleration can be considerably improved in comparison with standard LES. In the last part of this paper, the advantage of LES–SSAM in accounting for the subgrid flow structure is demonstrated in simulation of particle-laden turbulent channel flows. Compared to standard LES, it is shown that for different Stokes numbers, the particle dynamics and the turbophoresis effect can be predicted significantly better when LES–SSAM is applied.

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Hasin, Naushaba, Sarah A. Cusack, Shahin S. Ali, David A. Fitzpatrick, and Gary W. Jones. "Global transcript and phenotypic analysis of yeast cells expressing Ssa1, Ssa2, Ssa3 or Ssa4 as sole source of cytosolic Hsp70-Ssa chaperone activity." BMC Genomics 15, no. 1 (2014): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-194.

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Gabb, G., and A. Vitry. "Serious Statin Associated Myotoxicity (SSAM) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders." Heart, Lung and Circulation 22 (January 2013): S254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.605.

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Lee, Chang Hyeon, Young Kim, Yangsuk Kim, and Young Yun. "Ssam food recipe: A case study on jongka ancestral ritual food." Journal of Ethnic Foods 5, no. 3 (September 2018): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2018.08.004.

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Domingues, Luisa, Agostinho Sousa Pinto, and Carlos José Guterres. "The Relevance of Intellectual Capital in Shared Service Centres." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 14, no. 2 (April 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2018040101.

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In the context of shared services, considering the intrinsic characteristics of the concepts service and sharing, organizational knowledge can assume different levels of relevance depending on the models adopted, from the most conventional to the most recent models considered as new forms of shared services. These are: Centres of Competence, Centres of Excellence, Centres of Expertise and Technical Centres. According to Nonaka, the creation of new knowledge takes place in a continuous process of transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. Marciniak correlates the new models of shared services with the tacit and explicit knowledge. Domingues presents in the SSAM model the concept of intellectual capital as the driving force of innovation and quality service effectiveness. This article, using a qualitative approach and constructivist paradigm, develops exploratory research that aims in new directions and horizons at the confluence of these three models (Nonaka, SSAM and Marciniak) in knowledge management at shared service centres.

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Cohn, Amélia, and Paulo Eduardo Mangeon Elias. "Eqüidade e reformas na saúde nos anos 90." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 18, suppl (2002): S173—S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2002000700017.

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O presente artigo analisa na primeira seção questões atuais colocadas para a agenda de estudos e debates sobre a Reforma Sanitária Brasileira da perspectiva da inclusão e da exclusão sociais. E numa segunda seção, à luz daquelas questões inicialmente discutidas, analisa uma experiência de parceria entre o setor público estatal (o Hospital das Clínicas HC, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo) e o Sistema Supletivo de Assistência Médica (SSAM). A tese apresentada é a do esgotamento do ideário original da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira, após a conquista do movimento consagrado na Constituição de 1988, e frente à nova realidade do país, com a conseqüente necessidade de se resgatar a ênfase na dimensão política nos estudos sobre saúde, colocando em destaque a questão da construção de identidades dos sujeitos sociais. A partir dela é analisada a experiência daquela parceria, mostrando como a existência da "dupla fila" a dos usuários SUS e a dos usuários do SSAM não implica discriminações no acesso à tecnologia, mas reproduz no interior do HC as discriminações já existentes na sociedade.

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Zhang, Juan Zi. "Security Design in Tianjin City Expressway Entrances and Exits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2151.

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According to traffic safety factor analysis of freeway entrances and exits, this paper use traffic behavior and traffic conflict theory, select the number of conflicts as the evaluation index, use SSAM software to analyze the safety factors in freeway entrance area. On this basis, this paper put forward recommendations about intersection traffic safety design.

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Chai, C., and Y. D. Wong. "Comparison of Two Simulation Approaches to Safety Assessment: Cellular Automata and SSAM." Journal of Transportation Engineering 141, no. 6 (June 2015): 05015002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000766.

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Zahedi, Esmaeil, and Mohamad Saraee. "SSAM: toward Supervised Sentiment and Aspect Modeling on different levels of labeling." Soft Computing 22, no. 23 (August 4, 2017): 7989–8000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2746-9.

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Kim, Dong-Min, Sang-Kook Park, and Kye-Heon Oh. "Identification and Characterization of Hemolytic Bacillus cereus Isolated from Commercial Ssam-jang." KSBB Journal 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2017.32.3.179.

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Wu, Jiawei, Essam Radwan, and Hatem Abou-Senna. "Determination if VISSIM and SSAM could estimate pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 10, no. 6 (July 11, 2017): 572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2017.1333181.

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Nascimento, Adriel L., Alan De L. Nascimento, Karina T. H. dos Santos, Renan G. Malikouski, Omar Schmildt, Rodrigo S. Alexandre, Márcio P. Czepak, et al. "Obtaining and Evaluating New Hybrids of Papaya Tree." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 7 (June 8, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p146.

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Due to the close genetic base in the papaya crop, the breeding programs seek new alternatives with agronomic characteristics desirable to the producer and fruit that meets the consumer desire. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of new Hybrids in germplasm database maintenance units of the company Caliman Agrícola SA. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 10 new elements (CP3 × SSAM; CP3 × UENF/Caliman 01; CP3 × JS 12; CP2 × SS32; JS 12 × SSAM) and one control, UENF/Caliman 01, four replicates and ten plants per plot. Tem hermaphrodite plants per plot were evaluated at eight and 12 months after planting, 16 characteristics focused on plant morphologies and biometry of fruits harvested at the maturation stage II (fruits with up to 25% of the yellow surface). The productivity of one year of harvest was also evaluated. Among the new hybrids evaluated, it is possible to detect the presence of productive characteristics and fruit quality that were interesting for the market, suggesting that they be evaluated for crop value and use for future launches as commercial hybrids. With interest for future market launch, we highlight CP3 × 72/12, CP2 × SS32, CP3 × Progeny Tainung and CP1 × Sekati which shows high average productivity.

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Giuffrè, Tullio, Anna Granà, and Salvatore Trubia. "Safety Evaluation of Turbo-Roundabouts with and without Internal Traffic Separations Considering Autonomous Vehicles Operation." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168810.

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The paper presents a microsimulation approach for assessing the safety performance of turbo-roundabouts where Cooperative Autonomous Vehicles “CAVs” have been introduced into the traffic mix alongside conventional vehicles “CVs”. Based on the analysis of vehicle trajectories from VISSIM and subsequent analysis of traffic conflicts through the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), the research aims to evaluate the safety benefits of turbo-roundabouts where the lanes are physically separated by raised curbs, compared to roundabouts without such curbs. The paper will then describe the methodological path followed to build VISSIM models of turbo-roundabouts with and without raised curbs in order to calibrate the simulation models and estimate the potential conflicts when a higher percentage of CAVs are introduced into the traffic mix. A criterion has been also proposed for setting properly the principal SSAM filters. The results confirmed both higher safety levels for turbo-roundabouts equipped with raised lane dividers compared to turbo-roundabout solutions without curbs, and better safety conditions under the traffic mix of CVs and CAVs. Therefore, it follows that, in absence of crash data including CAVs, the surrogate measures of safety are the only approach in which the safety performance of any roundabout or road entity can be evaluated.

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Hong, Sook-Yeong. "Representation of Child Sexual Abuse in TV Documentary -Focused on KBS 'Current Topics Ssam'-." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 11, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2011.11.1.102.

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Stephens, Christopher D., Bernard A. Chouet, Robert A. Page, John C. Lahr, and John A. Power. "Seismological aspects of the 1989–1990 eruptions at redoubt volcano, Alaska: the SSAM perspective." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 62, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)90032-9.

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Halladay, J. T., and E. A. Craig. "A heat shock transcription factor with reduced activity suppresses a yeast HSP70 mutant." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 9 (September 1995): 4890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.9.4890.

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Strains carrying deletions in both the SSA1 and SSA2 HSP70 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes, including the inability to grow at 37 degrees C or higher, reduced growth rate at permissive temperatures, increased HSP gene expression, and constitutive thermotolerance. A screen for extragenic suppressors of the ssa1 ssa2 slow-growth phenotype identified a spontaneous dominant suppressor mutation, EXA3-1 (R.J. Nelson, M. Heschl, and E.A. Craig, Genetics 131:277-285, 1992). Here we report that EXA3-1 is an allele of HSF1, which encodes the heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Strains containing the EXA3-1 allele in a wild-type background exhibit a 10- to 15-fold reduction in HSF activity during steady-state growth conditions as well as a delay in the accumulation of the SSA4, HSP26, and HSP104 mRNAs after a heat shock. EXA3-1-mediated suppression is the result of a single amino acid substitution of a highly conserved residue in the HSF DNA-binding domain which drastically reduces the ability of HSF to bind to heat shock elements as evaluated by band shift analysis. Together, these results indicate that the poor growth of ssa1 ssa2 strains is the result, at least in part, of the overproduction of a deleterious heat shock protein(s). This conclusion is supported by the fact that the levels of at least some heat shock proteins are reduced in ssa1 ssa2 cells containing the EXA3-1 allele. Surprisingly, strains containing the EXA3-1 allele in a wild-type HSP70 background grow early as well as the wild-type strain over a wide temperature range, displaying only a slight reduction in growth rate at 37 degrees Celsius, indicating that cells contain significantly more HSF activity than is require for growth under steady-state conditions.

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Darudiato, Suparto. "PERANAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENYEDERHANAAN PROSES PENYAJIAN INFORMASI: STUDI KASUS PRODUKSI DAN PERSEDIAAN PT SSAM." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2007): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v1i2.479.

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Article to analyse the selling information needs by paying attention to transaction simplicity process so itcan grow the custmer trust to the company. The research was done by a direct survey to the company by doingbusiness process survey, spreading questioner, and analyzing the needs of information. The research result wasproblems list and the user needs of information.Keywords: information technology, information dissemination, inventory, production

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Koo, Ja-Kong, and Seung-Ik Jeong. "Sustainability and shared smart and mutual – green growth (SSaM-GG) in Korean medical waste management." Waste Management & Research 33, no. 5 (March 11, 2015): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x15574561.

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Rader, Mark A., and David W. Ellis. "The Sensory Stimulation Assessment Measure (SSAM): A tool for early evaluation of severely brain-injured patients." Brain Injury 8, no. 4 (January 1994): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699059409150982.

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Bar, Neil, and Alison McQuillan. "Corrigendum to “Q-slope and SSAM applied to excavated coal mine slopes” [MethodsX 8 (2021) 101191]." MethodsX 8 (2021): 101222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2021.101222.

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Mugerwa, Habibu, Peter Sseruwagi, John Colvin, and Susan Seal. "Is High Whitefly Abundance on Cassava in Sub-Saharan Africa Driven by Biological Traits of a Specific, Cryptic Bemisia tabaci Species?" Insects 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030260.

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In East Africa, the prevalent Bemisia tabaci whiteflies on the food security crop cassava are classified as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) species. Economically damaging cassava whitefly populations were associated with the SSA2 species in the 1990s, but more recently, it has been to SSA1 species. To investigate whether biological traits (number of first instar nymphs, emerged adults, proportion of females in progeny and development time) of the cassava whitefly species are significant drivers of the observed field abundance, our study determined the development of SSA1 sub-group (SG) 1 (5 populations), SG2 (5 populations), SG3 (1 population) and SSA2 (1 population) on cassava and eggplant under laboratory conditions. SSA1-(SG1-SG2) and SSA2 populations’ development traits were similar. Regardless of the host plant, SSA1-SG2 populations had the highest number of first instar nymphs (60.6 ± 3.4) and emerged adults (50.9 ± 3.6), followed by SSA1-SG1 (55.5 ± 3.2 and 44.6 ± 3.3), SSA2 (45.8 ± 5.7 and 32.6 ± 5.1) and the lowest were SSA1-SG3 (34.2 ± 6.1 and 32.0 ± 7.1) populations. SSA1-SG3 population had the shortest egg–adult emergence development time (26.7 days), followed by SSA1-SG1 (29.1 days), SSA1-SG2 (29.6 days) and SSA2 (32.2 days). Regardless of the whitefly population, development time was significantly shorter on eggplant (25.1 ± 0.9 days) than cassava (34.6 ± 1.0 days). These results support that SSA1-(SG1-SG2) and SSA2 B. tabaci can become highly abundant on cassava, with their species classification alone not correlating with observed abundance and prevalence.

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Srie Kusumastutie, Naomi, and Pipit Rusmandani. "A brief review: traffic conflict techniques and the challenges of the studies in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 270 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927003004.

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For the past 50 years, Traffic Conflict Technique (TCT) has been growing rapidly as Surrogate Safety Measure (SSM). Unfortunately, the study of TCT as a road safety analysis tool in Indonesia is still limited. This article aims to describe the developments of TCT, regarding to the use of manual observation, automated video analysis and simulations with the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). This article also aims to identify the challenges of TCT implementation in improving road safety in Indonesia. Thus, it is expected to inspire researchers in Indonesia to develop TCT, for example by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and microsimulation in TCT studies.

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Zafar, Irfan, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, Hafiz Zahoor, Jin Xue, and E. M. A. C. Ekanayake. "Dynamic stakeholder salience mapping framework for highway route alignment decisions: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor as a case study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 11 (November 2020): 1297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0308.

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Undervaluing the stakeholders’ attributes, salience, and potential to impact a project during its planning and execution may result in stakeholders’ dissatisfaction, distrust, and opposition, leading to project controversies, cost overrun, schedule delays, and even project cessation. The existing stakeholders’ management typologies due to their inherent limitations are unable to provide the project managers with an optimal and comprehensive solution. The present study proposes a framework to improve the stakeholders’ management process by a novel way of mapping stakeholders’ attribute-based salience and potential impact probability into a dynamic stakeholder relational matrix. The framework was validated through a case study conducted on a mega-highway project from China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using SPSS. Twelve stakeholder groups with 36 stakeholders were identified. Stakeholders’ salience index and stakeholders’ impact probability were computed and mapped in the stakeholders’ salience assessment matrix (SSAM). The findings revealed significant dominance of the political hierarchy, project management, and defense services in the alignment selection process. Environmentalists, community, local authority, and non-governmental organizations were found deprived of reasonable participation opportunities, and their presence is often undermined and neglected in the selection process. However, the logical stakeholders’ classification and corresponding relational and engagement strategies offered by SSAM are expected to compensate the disparity and improve transparency in the decision process. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by proposing a comprehensive framework that integrates stakeholders’ salience, potential impact, and relational strategy simultaneously. The framework is expected to aid project managers during crucial project decision-making stages to assess stakeholders, their participation provisos, and desired engagement approaches. The proposed framework exhibits the requisite flexibility for its application on diverse infrastructure projects with certain project-specific modifications.

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Gallelli, Vincenzo, and Rosolino Vaiana. "Safety Improvements by Converting a Standard Roundabout with Unbalanced Flow Distribution into an Egg Turbo Roundabout: Simulation Approach to a Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020466.

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In 2011, the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) developed a Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020. Among the categories or “pillars” of activities, is the improvement of road safety for infrastructures. Furthermore, this plan is aligned by the UN Sustainable Development Goals that included even traffic safety. In this regard, this study estimates safety improvements achieved by converting a standard roundabout into an egg turbo roundabout. In particular, turbo roundabouts have become very popular in Northern Europe for both their safety and their capacity. Many studies have shown these advantages thanks to their features: preventive separation of entering flows, limited lane changing and low speeds due to curbs. Given the absence of existing turbo roundabouts in Italy, this research studied and compared a “virtual” roundabout with spiraling circular carriageways to an existing multi-lane roundabout in order to assess its significant reduction in terms of potential collisions. This study relied on traffic conflicts in micro-simulation by using VISSIM software and then Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). The research is based on the traffic process observed at a standard roundabout in Cosenza (Italy) marked by a high level of congestion and safety problems. Speeds, critical gaps, queue lengths, and floating car data, obtained from video observations, have been used as input data for the calibration procedure of the first scenario (case study roundabout). Then, the turbo roundabout solution was built and simulated by using the previously derived parameters. Finally, the two roundabout scenarios were compared in terms of spatial distribution of the potential conflicts determined by SSAM. The results could help to measure the performance and safety impact of these two roundabout configurations.

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Tesoriere, Giovanni, Tiziana Campisi, Antonino Canale, and Tedi Zgrablić. "The Surrogate Safety Appraisal of the Unconventional Elliptical and Turbo Roundabouts." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2952074.

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Double-lane roundabouts have been created in many European countries over the past few centuries and are now characterized by an unsafe geometric development and by a low sustainability capacity or level. In this regard, new double-lane geometries have been implemented to overcome to these critical points. This article shows a comparison of two nonconventional double-lane roundabout schemes defined as elliptical and turbo. Considering this research on the unsafe and congested conditions for each road schemes at grade, the microsimulation approach allows comparing schemes of intersections not yet realized in order to be able to evaluate the critical issues. A symmetric traffic distribution and an identical vehicle mix for both design solutions are considered. The research was conducted considering two different double-lane roundabout-turbo roundabout and the elliptical roundabout. By comparing their geometry and technical elements, this article assumes that turbo roundabout due to its physical separating traffic lanes in the central circulatory carriageway will enable potentially better traffic safety conditions. This article has the following main goal: a comparison of traffic safety using VISSIM microsimulator and SSAM tools. The results can provide to show safety level on investigated scenario considering level of service (LOS) and also the possibility of obtaining time to collision (TTC) and postencroachment time (PET) through the use of surrogate parameters obtained by SSAM tool. In fact, the surrogate safety parameters allows evaluating the possible collision scenarios between them, according to the trajectories of the single vehicles. This assessment is useful in order to be able to evaluate by the local authorities which of the examined schemes can provide greater negativity in the construction and operation phase. Therefore this comparative analysis allows reducing, in the preliminary phase, possible security impacts and also economic ones for the community.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SSAM'

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