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Journal articles on the topic 'St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Evans, Paul. "The Asia Pacific Gateway and the Reconfiguration of North America." Canadian Political Science Review 2, no. 4 (2008): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24124/c677/2008100.

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Transportation gateways and corridors reflect broader economic and political forces at the same time that they shape them. Nowhere is this clearer than in Canadian efforts to create a multi-dimensional Asia Pacific Gateway. Its architects often draw inspiration from Lionel Chevrier and his post-war vision of a St. Lawrence Seaway to the Atlantic Ocean and the transformation of the central Canadian economy. They can also look back even further to 1880s and the building of the trans-continental Canadian Pacific Railroad. George Stephen, the President of the CPR, did not help drive the last spike

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2

Lefèvre, Marylise A., Michael J. W. Stokesbury, Frederick G. Whoriskey, and Michael J. Dadswell. "Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration routes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (2012): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss092.

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Abstract Lefèvre, M. A., Stokesbury, M. J. W., Whoriskey, F. G., and Dadswell, M. J. 2012. Atlantic salmon post-smolt migration routes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 981–990. The migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts from the Rivière Saint-Jean on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada) was studied during 2009 and 2010. Salmon from rivers in this region spend ≥2 years at sea before returning to spawn, and are believed to migrate to ocean feeding areas off Greenland. To determine residency time in the nearshore environment, and to

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3

Chaput, Gérald, and Hugues P. Benoît. "Evidence for bottom–up trophic effects on return rates to a second spawning for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Miramichi River, Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 9 (2012): 1656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss055.

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Abstract Chaput, G., and Benoît, H. P. 2012. Evidence for bottom–up trophic effects on return rates to a second spawning for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Miramichi River, Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1656–1667. Increased return rates of consecutive repeat-spawning Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been noted in the Miramichi River during the past two decades, and the short period for their reconditioning at sea suggests that they occupy the southern Gulf of St Lawrence ecosystem. A 40-year time-series of observations was used to examine linkages between return rates

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4

Rutherford, Krysten, and Katja Fennel. "Diagnosing transit times on the northwestern North Atlantic continental shelf." Ocean Science 14, no. 5 (2018): 1207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1207-2018.

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Abstract. The circulation in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean is highly complex, characterized by the confluence of two major western boundary current systems and several shelf currents. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of transport paths and timescales for the northwestern North Atlantic shelf, which is useful for estimating ventilation rates, describing circulation and mixing, characterizing the composition of water masses with respect to different source regions, and elucidating rates and patterns of biogeochemical processing, species dispersal, and genetic connectivity

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5

Bui, Alice O. V., Martin Castonguay, Patrick Ouellet, and Jean-Marie Sévigny. "Searching for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning sites in the northwest Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) using molecular techniques." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 5 (2011): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr016.

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Abstract Bui, A. O. V., Castonguay, M., Ouellet, P., and Sévigny, J-M. 2011. Searching for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning sites in the northwest Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) using molecular techniques. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 911–918. The overexploitation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Northwest Atlantic led to the collapse of most stocks and the demise of spawning components in the early 1990s. In the northern Gulf of St Lawrence, the spawning component of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Organization Division 4S was believed no longer to exist after the collapse. To veri

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6

Strøm, John Fredrik, Eva B. Thorstad, Graham Chafe, et al. "Ocean migration of pop-up satellite archival tagged Atlantic salmon from the Miramichi River in Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 5 (2017): 1356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw220.

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The ocean migration of 16 post-spawned adult Atlantic salmon [Salmo salar L.] from the Miramichi River, Canada, tagged concurrently with pop-up satellite archival tags and acoustic transmitters was reconstructed using a Hidden Markov Model. Individuals exclusively utilized areas within the Gulf of St Lawrence and the Labrador Sea, and showed little overlap with known distributions of European stocks. During the migration, individuals were generally associated with surface waters and spent &gt;67% of the time in the upper 10 m of the water column. The Atlantic salmon occupied greater depths

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7

James, Travis L., Sean J. Landsman, Laura L. Ramsay, Melanie D. Giffin, Arnault Le Bris, and Michael R. van den Heuvel. "Migration patterns of Atlantic halibut captured in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence as assessed with pop-up satellite archival and Floy tags." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 7 (2020): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0262.

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This study provides evidence of two subpopulations of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. The migrations of 20 Atlantic halibut captured in the coastal waters of Prince Edward Island, Canada, were evaluated using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSAT). Geolocation data showed that Atlantic halibut migrated north to the Laurentian Channel via distinct eastern or western routes. Floy tagging and recapture (recapture of 18.4%) showed that less than 7.0% of Atlantic halibut exhibited dispersive behaviour outside of their annual migratory route. Overwin

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8

Arthur, J. R., and E. Albert. "Use of Parasites for Separating Stocks of Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Canadian Northwest Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 10 (1993): 2175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-243.

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The usefulness of parasites as biological tags for stocks of Greenland halibut (Reinharditius hippoglossoides) occurring off the Atlantic coast of Canada and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was investigated. Nonparametric discriminant function analyses of eight collections comprising a total of 231 large fish (>39 cm) using counts for selected parasite taxa (Corynosoma strumosum juvenile, Otodistomum sp. metacercaria, Contracaecinea spp. larva, Anisakis simplex larva, and Pseudoterranova decipiens larva) gave accurate results (almost 100% correct classification) for the separation of fish from

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9

Stevens, Erin N., and Christine E. Campbell. "Indication of Possible Shifts in Copepod Species Composition in St. Pauls Inlet, a Fjordal Estuary Connected to the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Diversity 14, no. 1 (2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010059.

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St. Pauls Inlet, a coastal brackish lake/estuary within Gros Morne National Park in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), is a semi-enclosed body of water with a narrow 80-m wide opening to the marine Gulf of St. Lawrence and with freshwater input from 24 streams. An initial biological survey of St. Pauls Inlet in 1977/78 during Park planning stages found dominant members of the mesozooplankton community to be copepods of genera Acartia, Calanus, Oithona, and Temora. Subsequent surveys of 2009, 2010, and 2019 found Calanus abundance to be much reduced or absent and low adult microcrustacean (cop

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10

Harding, Gareth, Ellen Kenchington, and Zhensui Zheng. "Morphometrics of American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Larvae in Relation to Stock Determinations in the Maritimes, Canada." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 1 (1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-005.

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Morphological characteristics of the first larval stage of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) enabled the separation of the Maritime population with stepwise discriminant function analysis into three groups: the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and its outflow around Cape Breton Island, the Atlantic inshore region of Nova Scotia, and the offshore banks bordering the Gulf of Maine. Once the effect of environmental temperature on larval size was removed, the differences between Georges and Browns banks and the Atlantic inshore disappeared. The remaining differences, chiefly in the dimensions

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11

Beck, Gregor Gilpin, Michael O. Hammill, and Thomas G. Smith. "Seasonal Variation in the Diet of Harp Seals (Phoca groenlandica) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Western Hudson Strait." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 7 (1993): 1363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-156.

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Of 247 harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) stomachs collected between December 1988 and October 1990 from western Hudson Strait (autumn), the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (December), the St. Lawrence estuary (winter and April), and the Magdalen Islands (March), 140 (57%) contained food. The Magdalen Islands sample contained significantly more empty stomachs (62%, n = 164) than those from all other locations. Both the unreconstructed mass of stomach contents and the proportion of fish and invertebrate prey within individual stomachs varied significantly with location and season. Harp seals obtained

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12

Jutras, Mathilde, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace. "Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system." Biogeosciences 20, no. 4 (2023): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023.

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Abstract. Persistent hypoxic bottom waters have developed in the Lower St Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) and have impacted fish and benthic species distributions. Minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased from ∼ 125 µmol L−1 (38 % saturation) in the 1930s to ∼ 65 µmol L−1 (21 % saturation) in 1984. Minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations remained at hypoxic levels (< 62.5 µM = 2 mg L−1 or 20 % saturation) between 1984 and 2019, but in 2020, they suddenly decreased to ∼ 35 µmol L−1. Concurrently, bottom-water temperatures in the LSLE have increased progressively from ∼ 3 ∘C in the 1930s to

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13

Babaei, Sarah, Divya A. Varkey, Aaron T. Adamack, et al. "Genome-wide SNPs reveal novel genetic relationships among Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada (subdivision 3Ps), Northern cod stock complex, and Gulf of St Lawrence." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0317768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317768.

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The south coast of Newfoundland, Canada (Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subdivision 3Ps) is known to be a mixing zone for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Tagging and genetic studies have shown cod from the Northern and Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO Divisions 3Pn, 4RST), Southern Grand Banks (3NO), and the Northern cod stock complex (2J3KL) frequent the waters of 3Ps at various times throughout the year, but the extent of genetic mixing is unknown. However, 3Ps has not been the central focus of previous large-scale genomic analyses of population structure, a knowledge gap t

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14

Chadwick, E. M. P., D. K. Cairns, H. M. C. Dupuis, K. V. Ewart, M. H. Kao, and G. L. Fletcher. "Plasma Antifreeze Levels Reflect the Migratory Behaviour of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus) in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 8 (1990): 1534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-172.

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This study compared freeze protection conferred by blood antifreeze proteins to juvenile and adult Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in December 1988. Juvenile herring had significantly lower plasma freezing points and significantly higher antifreeze activity than adults. Differences in antifreeze activity and in late autumn distribution suggest that juvenile herring are more capable of wintering in the Gulf of St. Lawrence than adults. This conclusion is consistent with our observation that during December, juveniles were present in shallow water

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Schloesser, Ryan W., John D. Neilson, David H. Secor та Jay R. Rooker. "Natal origin of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from Canadian waters based on otolith δ13C and δ18O". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, № 3 (2010): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-005.

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Increased knowledge of stock mixing and migration of Atlantic bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus ) is required to properly manage and conserve declining populations. Here, we predicted the nursery origin of giant bluefin tuna (n = 224) present in samples from Canadian waters using stable δ13C and δ18O isotopes in otoliths. The isotopic composition of milled otolith cores (corresponding to the first year of life) of giant bluefin tuna from three decades (1970s, 1980s, 2000s) and three regions within or adjacent to the Gulf of St. Lawrence was compared with otolith δ13C and δ18O of yearling bluefin

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Le Bris, Arnault, Alain Fréchet, Peter S. Galbraith, and Joseph S. Wroblewski. "Evidence for alternative migratory behaviours in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 4 (2013): 793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst068.

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Abstract Le Bris, A., Fréchet, A., Galbraith, P. S., and Wroblewski, J. S. 2013. Evidence for alternative migratory behaviours in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 793–804. Inter-individual variation in migration propensity affects population dynamics and connectivity. The diversity of migratory behaviours of Atlantic cod (fork length >40 cm) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence was studied using data-storage tags that record depth and temperature. Movement patterns of Atlantic cod equipped with data-storage t

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17

Hammill, M. O., G. B. Stenson, F. Proust, P. Carter, and D. McKinnon. "Feeding by grey seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and around Newfoundland." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 6 (January 1, 2007): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2729.

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Diet composition of grey seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Gulf) and around the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, was examined using identification of otoliths recovered from digestive tracts. Prey were recovered from 632 animals. Twenty-nine different prey taxa were identified. Grey seals sampled in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence fed mainly on capelin, mackerel, wolffish and lumpfish during the spring, but consumed more cod, sandlance and winter flounder during late summer. Overall, the southern Gulf diet was more diverse, with sandlance, Atlantic cod, cunner, white hake and Atlantic herring

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Duplisea, Daniel E., and Dominique Robert. "Prerecruit survival and recruitment of northern Gulf of St Lawrence Atlantic cod." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 6 (2008): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn081.

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Abstract Duplisea, D. E., and Robert, D. 2008. Prerecruit survival and recruitment of northern Gulf of St Lawrence Atlantic cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 946–952. Recruitment (R) of exploited marine fish populations is usually modelled exclusively as a function of spawning-stock biomass (SSB). A problem arising when modelling over long time-series is that the nature of the R–SSB relationship is unlikely to be stationary. Changes are often interpreted as productivity regime shifts and are linked to alterations in prerecruit survival rate. We examine the role of environment and pred

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Boskovic, Radmila, Kit M. Kovacs, M. O. Hammill, and B. N. White. "Geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 10 (1996): 1787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-199.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) was estimated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of samples collected from four geographic locations: the Gulf of St. Lawrencn(n = 24), Sable Island, Nova Scotia (n = 20), Norway (n = 16), and the Baltic Sea (n = 20). In total, 18 haplotypes were identified. Nucleotide diversity was estimated to be 0.0039 for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 0.0035 for Sable Island, 0.0079 for Norway, and 0.0059 for the Baltic Sea. There were no shared haplotypes between the western North Atlantic and eastern North Atlanti

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Cortial, GrÉgoire, Ryan Woodland, Rachel Lasley-Rasher, and Gesche Winkler. "Phylogeography of Neomysis americana (Crustacea, Mysida), focusing on the St. Lawrence system." Journal of Plankton Research 41, no. 5 (2019): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz050.

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Abstract Species characterized by low dispersal capacities, such as mysids, usually show evidence of genetic differentiation. Many mysids are broadly distributed and often show eurythermal and euryhaline traits. This study aimed to describe intraspecific genetic structure and the phylogeography of Neomysis americana, a key species of estuarine food webs in northwest Atlantic, using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. We sampled 26 populations across the St. Lawrence system (SLS) and two along the east coast of North America [Penobscot and Chesapeake Bay (CB)]. Sequencing of

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Patey, Géraldine, Catherine M. Couillard, Hilaire Drouineau, et al. "Early back-calculated size-at-age of Atlantic yellow eels sampled along ecological gradients in the Gironde and St. Lawrence hydrographical systems." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 8 (2018): 1270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0025.

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An international sampling program investigating the causes of the decline of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the St. Lawrence (Canada) and Gironde (France) rivers systems provided the opportunity to compare early growth of eels of each species among habitats using back-calculated size-at-age from 1 to 5 years old. Our study supports previous studies showing that the early back-calculated lengths of A. anguilla were higher in downstream and more saline Gironde system habitats than in the upstream fluvial section and provides a new indication that lengt

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McLeod, B. A., M. W. Brown, M. J. Moore, et al. "Bowhead whales, and not right whales, were the primary target of 16th- to 17th-century Basque Whalers in the Western North Atlantic." ARCTIC 61, no. 1 (2009): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic7.

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During the 16th and 17th centuries, Basque whalers travelled annually to the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence to hunt whales. The hunting that occurred during this period is of primary significance for the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis (Müller, 1776), because it has been interpreted as the largest human-induced reduction of the western North Atlantic population, with ~12250–21 000 whales killed. It has been frequently reported that the Basques targeted two species in this region: the North Atlantic right whale and the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus L., 1758. T

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Calder, Dale R. "Similarity analysis of hydroid assemblages along a latitudinal gradient in the western North Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 6 (1992): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-151.

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Shallow-water (0–100 m depth) hydroid faunas reported from 26 locations along the western North Atlantic coast between the high Canadian Arctic archipelago and the Caribbean Sea were compared. Species numbers varied widely between locations, but were highest in the tropics and subtropics, lowest in arctic and subarctic waters, and intermediate in mid-latitudes. Percentages of species producing free medusae were lowest in high latitudes, intermediate in low latitudes, and highest in mid-latitudes (especially in estuaries). In a numerical analysis, similar hydroid faunas were identified at locat

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Rayburn, John A., Thomas M. Cronin, David A. Franzi, Peter L. K. Knuepfer, and Debra A. Willard. "Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the Younger Dryas climate reversal." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (2011): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.004.

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AbstractRadiocarbon-dated sediment cores from the Champlain Valley (northeastern USA) contain stratigraphic and micropaleontologic evidence for multiple, high-magnitude, freshwater discharges from North American proglacial lakes to the North Atlantic. Of particular interest are two large, closely spaced outflows that entered the North Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence estuary about 13,200–12,900 cal yr BP, near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cold event. We estimate from varve chronology, sedimentation rates and proglacial lake volumes that the duration of the first outflow was less than

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Hammill, M. O., J. F. Gosselin, and G. B. Stenson. "Abundance of Northwest Atlantic grey seals in Canadian waters." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 6 (January 1, 2007): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2726.

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Northwest Atlantic grey seals form a single stock, but for management purposes are often considered as 2 groups. The largest group whelps on Sable Island, 290 km east of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The second group referred to as ‘non-Sable Island’ or ‘Gulf’ animals whelps primarily on the pack ice in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, with other smaller groups pupping on small islands in the southern Gulf and along the eastern shore of Nova Scotia. Estimates of pup production in this latter group have been determined using mark-recapture and aerial survey techniques. The most recent visual aerial s

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Gibb, Olivia, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, et al. "Spatiotemporal variability in pH and carbonate parameters on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf between 2014 and 2022." Earth System Science Data 15, no. 9 (2023): 4127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023.

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Abstract. The Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) was established by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) in 1998 with the aim of monitoring physical and biological ocean conditions in Atlantic Canada in support of fisheries management. Since 2014, at least two of the carbonate parameters (pH; total alkalinity, TA; and dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) have also been systematically measured as part of the AZMP, enabling the calculation of derived parameters (e.g., carbonate saturation states, Ω, and partial pressure of CO2, pCO2). The present study gives an overview of the spatiotemporal varia

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Cauchy, Pierre, Pierre Mercure-Boissonnault, Cécile Perrier de la Bathie, et al. "Characterization, understanding, and mitigation of underwater noise radiated by ships in the St. Lawrence Estuary." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (2024): A347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027781.

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Underwater noise generated by commercial traffic is the main source of anthropogenic noise pollution at low frequencies, increasingly present at a global scale and of critical interest in the St. Lawrence Estuary (eastern Canada), where a rich biodiversity meets the shipping corridor linking the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The Marine Acoustic Research Station (MARS, www.projet-mars.ca/en) is an applied research project dedicated to characterizing, understanding, and mitigating underwater traffic noise, contributing to the global effort of improving cohabitation between human activities

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Wirgin, Isaac I., Tun-Liang Ong, Lorraine Maceda, John R. Waldman, David Moore, and Simon Courtenay. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from Canadian Rivers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 1 (1993): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-010.

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Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)was analysed to determine the genetic relatedness of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations in tributaries to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Funday. Mitochondrial DNA genotype frequencies were compared with those of striped bass from the Shubenacadie River (Bay of Fundy) and the Miramichi and Tabusintac rivers (Gulf of St. Lawrence). These mtDNA genotype frequencies were compared with those of striped bass representative of the Atlantic coastal migratory stock originating in the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay. Differences in the frequencies of mtDNA lengt

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Measures, Lena, Benoît Roberge, and Richard Sears. "Stranding of a Pygmy Sperm Whale, Kogia breviceps, in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 4 (2004): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i4.52.

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A Pygmy Sperm Whale, Kogia breviceps, stranded alive and later died in the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec, Canada on 28 August 2001. This is the northern-most stranding of this species in the western Atlantic. The whale was estimated to be approximately 3 m long and a longitudinal section from one tooth (31 mm long and 5.0 mm in diameter) revealed 3.5 growth layer groups.

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Borns, Harold W., and Terence J. Hughes. "The implications of the Pineo Ridge readvance in Maine." Dynamique et paléogéographie de l’inlandsis laurentidien 31, no. 3-4 (2011): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000272ar.

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Much of the Laurentide ice sheet in Maine, Atlantic Provinces, and southern Quebec was a "marine ice sheet," that is it was grounded below the prevailing sea level. When proper conditions prevailed, calving bays progressed into the ice sheet along ice streams partitioning it, leaving those portions grounded above sea level as residual ice caps. At least by 12,800 yrs. BP a calving bay had progressed up the St. Lawrence Lowland at least to Ottawa while a similar, but less extensive calving bay developed in Central Maine at approximately the same time. Concurrently, ice draining north into the S

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Bluteau, Cynthia Evelyn, Peter S. Galbraith, Daniel Bourgault, Vincent Villeneuve, and Jean-Éric Tremblay. "Winter observations alter the seasonal perspectives of the nutrient transport pathways into the lower St. Lawrence Estuary." Ocean Science 17, no. 5 (2021): 1509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1509-2021.

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Abstract. The St. Lawrence Estuary connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The accepted view, based on summer conditions, is that the estuary's surface layer receives its nutrient supply from vertical mixing processes. This mixing is caused by the estuarine circulation and tides interacting with the topography at the head of the Laurentian Channel. During winter when ice forms, historical process-based studies have been limited in scope. Winter monitoring has been typically confined to vertical profiles of salinity and temperature as well as near-surface water samples collected from

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Lair, S., Y. Mailhot, R. Higgins, et al. "Jaw ulcers in Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), from the St Lawrence River." Journal of Fish Diseases 20, no. 1 (1997): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.d01-101.x.

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Hanson, J. M. "Seasonal distribution of juvenile Atlantic cod in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence." Journal of Fish Biology 49, no. 6 (1996): 1138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01784.x.

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D'amours, Denis, Jean G. Landry, and Timothy C. Lambert. "Growth of Juvenile (0-Group) Atlantic Mackerel (Scombrus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 11 (1990): 2212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-245.

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Juvenile (0-group) Atlantic mackerel were captured between 1977 and 1980, and in 1988, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Daily rings were identified and validated on their sagittae over the size range 93–170 mm; the age of larval and juvenile mackerel was estimated over the size range 7–192 mm (fork length). A one-cycle Gompertz curve was fitted to length-at-age data and the parameters were: L∞ = 180.8 mm, K = 0.043, and to = 37.7 d. The maximum calculated growth rate was 2.86 mm/d. The growth rate of 0-yr mackerel from the Gulf of St. Lawrence could be faster from that reported for 0-yr mackerel f

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Tamdrari, Hacène, Martin Castonguay, Jean-Claude Brêthes, and Daniel Duplisea. "Density-independent and -dependent habitat selection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on geostatistical aggregation curves in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 8 (2010): 1676–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq108.

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Abstract Tamdrari, H., Castonguay, M., Brêthes, J-C., and Duplisea, D. 2010. Density-independent and -dependent habitat selection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on geostatistical aggregation curves in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1676–1686. Relationships were sought between local density and population abundance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) over its entire area (4RS) and also within a subarea (4R) where the stock has concentrated since it collapsed during the early 1990s. Relationships were analysed

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Valentin, Alexandra E., Don Power, and Jean-Marie Sévigny. "Understanding recruitment patterns of historically strong juvenile year classes in redfish (Sebastes spp.): the importance of species identity, population structure, and juvenile migration." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 5 (2015): 774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0149.

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Genetic analyses were undertaken on archived otoliths from juveniles representing historically strong year classes of northwest Atlantic redfish (Sebastes spp.) and on tissue samples from adults of known species and population of origin. The results indicated that the species composition of a year class is key information for understanding recruitment dynamics, with redfish species having distinct population-associated patterns of spatial dispersion. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence – Laurentian Channel area (GSL–LCH), the last strong year class (which supported the fishery for more than 30 years)

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Sargent, Philip S., D. A. Methven, Robert G. Hooper, and Cynthia H. McKenzie. "A Range Extension of the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia, to Coastal Waters of Southwestern Newfoundland." Canadian Field-Naturalist 122, no. 4 (2008): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v122i4.641.

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Previous literature documents Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia, as occurring from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence to northeastern Florida. Beach seining in St. George’s Bay, Newfoundland, revealed the presence of this species in coastal waters of southwestern Newfoundland. This is the first documented report of M. menidia in Newfoundland waters. This report extends the range of this species north of the Laurentian Channel, a significant biogeographic barrier to small coastal fishes. All M. menidia collected were young-of-the-year, less than 90 mm SL (Standard Length). These fish may be r

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DINN, CURTIS. "A new species of Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada." Zootaxa 4778, no. 2 (2020): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.10.

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Haliclona (Flagellia) Van Soest, 2017 is a recently erected subgenus characterized by the presence of flagellosigma microscleres which are often distinctive between species (Van Soest 2017). Members of the taxon also have normal sigmas within a confused skeleton formed by oxea megascleres. The subgenus has a global distribution and contains 10 species (Van Soest et al. 2019). A large and abundant new species collected throughout the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence is characterized by thick and abnormally shaped flagellosigmas, two sizes of oxea, and abundant normal sigmas. Lambe (1896) previousl

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Moore, Jenna M., Jean-Marc Gagnon, and Mary E. Petersen. "A new species of Chaetopterus (Annelida: Chaetopteridae) from eastern Canada, with a redescription of Chaetopterus norvegicus M. Sars, 1835." European Journal of Taxonomy 720 (October 6, 2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1111.

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Chaetopterus is a globally distributed genus of marine Annelida with a long history of taxonomic confusion. Here, we describe Chaetopterus bruneli sp. nov. from a depth of 350 m in the St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada. The new species represents the northernmost record for Chaetopterus in the western Atlantic to date. The similar European species Chaetopterus norvegicus M. Sars, 1835 is resurrected from long-standing synonymy and redescribed from type material, and a lectotype is designated.

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Davidson, K., J. C. Roff, and R. W. Elner. "Morphological, Electrophoretic and Fecundity Characteristics of Atlantic Snow Crab, Chionoecetes opilio, and Implications for Fisheries Management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 3 (1985): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-064.

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For adult snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio), from the western Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern and western Cape Breton Island, and eastern Newfoundland, we compared morphometric, meristic, electrophoretic, and fecundity characteristics. Our morphometric, meristic, and fecundity data indicated that snow crabs from the four areas are morphologically and biologically distinct; therefore, they represent four "phenotypic" or "biological" stocks. We propose that the differences in morphology are due largely to environmental effects on growth during juvenile stages. The electrophoretic data indicate that

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Dupuy, Célie, Catherine M. Couillard, Jean Laroche, Pierre Nellis, Pauline Brousseau, and Michel Fournier. "A multibiomarker approach on the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the St. Lawrence Estuary." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, no. 2 (2012): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1285-2.

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Ware, D. M., and T. C. Lambert. "Early Life History of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 3 (1985): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-075.

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Results of a 4-yr study of the vertical distribution, development, and mortality of the early life history stages of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in St. Georges Bay, Nova Scotia, are summarized. Adult mackerel migrate to the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and first appear in St. Georges Bay in the spring when the sea surface temperature is 7–8 °C. Peak spawning occurs about 26 d later, when the water temperature has warmed to 13 °C. Mackerel eggs tend to concentrate near the surface, particularly under light winds, and decline exponentially with depth. The rate of decline was a function

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Rail, Jean-François. "Eighteenth census of seabirds breeding in the sanctuaries of the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 2015." Canadian Field-Naturalist 135, no. 3 (2022): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v135i3.2675.

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In 1925, ten migratory bird sanctuaries were created on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and their breeding seabird populations have been censused every five years since. Between 2010 and 2015, only three alcid species exhibited positive population trends (Razorbill [Alca torda], Common Murre [Uria aalge], and Atlantic Puffin [Fratercula arctica]), while the remaining 13 species showed declining trends. Leach’s Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous) and Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia) are on the verge of disappearing from the sanctuaries, and the prolonged and rapid decline in Blac

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Roy, Denis, Thomas R. Hurlbut, and Daniel E. Ruzzante. "Biocomplexity in a demersal exploited fish, white hake (Urophycis tenuis): depth-related structure and inadequacy of current management approaches." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-178.

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Understanding the factors generating patterns of genetic diversity is critical to implementing robust conservation and management strategies for exploited marine species. Yet, often too little is known about population structure to properly tailor management schemes. Here we report evidence of substantial population structure in white hake ( Urophycis tenuis ) in the Northwest Atlantic, perhaps among the highest levels of population structure exhibited by a highly exploited, widely dispersed, long-lived marine fish. We show that depth plays a role in this extensive and temporally stable struct

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Alam, M., and D. J. W. Piper. "Pre-Wisconsin stratigraphy and paleoclimates off Atlantic Canada, and its bearing on glaciation in Québec." Cadre stratigraphique et paléoclimatique 31, no. 1-2 (2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000048ar.

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Cores from tops of seamounts close to the continental shelf west of the Grand Banks contain sequences of alternating clays (representing glacials) and foram nanno ooze (deposited in warmer periods), back to the Pliocene. Although sedimentation in the cores is controlled primarily by glacial conditions on the Grand Banks and Laurentian Channel, glacial history further inland can be inferred. The Wisconsin sequence shows two cool interstadials and one rather warmer one, correlable with the Plum Point, Port Talbot and St. Pierre Interstadials. Clay sedimentation during Wisconsin glacial stages wa

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Boily, France, and David J. Marcogliese. "Geographical variations in abundance of larval anisakine nematodes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, S1 (1995): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-516.

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Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) collected from various sites in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO divisions 4RST) were examined for larval anisakine nematodes in 1990 and 1992. Sealworm larvae (Pseudoterranova decipiens) were more abundant in southern Gulf (4T) than in northern Gulf (4RS) cod and plaice. The heaviest sealworm infections occurred in fish from St. Georges Bay, Nova Scotia. Abundance of P. decipiens in cod from St. Georges Bay was significantly lower in 1992 than in 1990. Anisakis simplex and Contracaecinea (Contracaecum/Phocascaris spp

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Lambert, Y., and J. D. Dutil. "Condition and energy reserves of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during the collapse of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence stock." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (1997): 2388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-145.

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Interannual variations and seasonal cycles in condition and energy reserves were investigated for the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod (Gadus morhua) before and during the collapse of the stock. Significant decreases in cod condition between the late 1980s and the early 1990s coincided with the reduction in biomass. Cod exhibited clear seasonal variations in condition factor (Fulton's K), energy reserves, and tissue composition. Maximum K (0.87-0.91) and highest hepatosomatic index (HSI; 4.3-5.7%) occurred during the autumn while minimum levels occurred in spring. In May, the levels of condit

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Chaput, Gérald, Jonathan Carr, Jason Daniels, Steve Tinker, Ian Jonsen, and Frederick Whoriskey. "Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt and early post-smolt migration and survival inferred from multi-year and multi-stock acoustic telemetry studies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, northwest Atlantic." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (2018): 1107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy156.

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Abstract The migration dynamics and inter-annual variation in early at-sea survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts over 14 years of study are reported for four river populations located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Acoustically tagged smolts were monitored at three points along their migration from freshwater to the Labrador Sea, a migration extending more than 800 km at sea and a period of 2 months. A hierarchical state-space version of the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model was used to estimate apparent survival rates from incomplete acoustic detections at key points. There was a po

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Rubec, L. A. "Neobrachiella rostrata (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) on the gills of the Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides from the Gulf of St. Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 2 (1988): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-071.

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A short form of Neobrachiella rostrata is found on the gills of Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Female copepods from Greenland halibut differ from females occurring on Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, in body size and shape of trunk; males differ in the specific structural details of the second antenna and maxilliped and in the presence of armed uropods and a tympanum between the second maxillae. Intraspecific variations are commonly found in females of the genus Neobrachiella but have never been reported in males.

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Neuenhoff, Rachel D., Douglas P. Swain, Sean P. Cox, et al. "Continued decline of a collapsed population of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) due to predation-driven Allee effects." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 1 (2019): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0190.

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Most stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Northwest Atlantic collapsed in the early 1990s, with little sign of recovery since then. In the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL), the failed recovery is due to severe increases in the natural mortality of adult Atlantic cod. We examined the role of predation by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in this failed recovery by directly incorporating grey seal predation in the population model for Atlantic cod via a functional response. Estimated predation mortality of adult Atlantic cod increased sharply during the cod collapse and has continued t

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