Academic literature on the topic 'St. Lawrence River Power Company'

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Journal articles on the topic "St. Lawrence River Power Company"

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Tidwell, Vincent C., and Victoria Pebbles. "The Water-Energy-Environment Nexus in the Great Lakes Region: The Case for Integrated Resource Planning." Energy and Environment Research 5, no. 2 (December 6, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v5n2p1.

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<p>Water is a critical element of electric power production in the U.S., particularly in the Great Lakes Basin region. Thermoelectric power generation accounts for the majority of all water withdrawals in the Basin, in large part due to the comparatively heavy concentrations of coal and nuclear power generation that utilize open-loop cooling. This paper explores how different energy generation portfolios could affect the water resources of the Great Lakes Basin. The suite of power generation scenarios analyzed reflects a range of potential outcomes resulting from the implementation of key national and regional energy and environmental policies for the electric power industry. These policies include U.S. EPA’s pending power plant cooling water intake standards, state renewable energy portfolio standards, possible climate change legislation, and the 2005 Great Lakes regional water resource agreement (Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact of 2005; Public Law 110–342). Five scenarios were analyzed, resulting in different levels and intensities of total water use (withdrawal and consumption) in hydrologically-sensitive watersheds. These results confirm the close relationship between water and energy in the Great Lakes, and point to the need to take into account water resource impacts in designing future energy and environmental policies.</p>
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Cox, Heather M., Brendan G. DeMelle, Glenn R. Harris, Christopher P. Lee, and Laura K. Montondo. "Drowning Voices and Drowning Shoreline: A Riverside View of the Social and Ecological Impacts of the St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project." Rural History 10, no. 2 (October 1999): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001801.

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The St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project was a massive restructuring of the St. Lawrence River bordering Canada and the United States. The river had always been used for human transportation, and a shipping canal for commercial vehicles was constructed and enhanced throughout the nineteenth century. However, the river grew increasingly incapable of handling an international fleet composed of larger boats during the twentieth century. Proposals to undertake major renovations for shipping were debated at the highest levels of policy for several decades. Finally, the St. Lawrence River was substantially altered during the 1950s. These changes created a Seaway able to accommodate vessels with deeper drafts and permitted the development of hydro-electric generating facilities through the construction of dikes and dams. All of this activity involved numerous agencies in the governments of the United States, Canada, the Iroquois Confederacy, New York, Ontario, other states and provinces, as well as commercial and industrial entities in the private sector.
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Ion, J., Y. de Lafontaine, P. Dumont, and L. Lapierre. "Contaminant levels in St. Lawrence River yellow perch (Perca flavescens): spatial variation and implications for monitoring." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2930–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-198.

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Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) (n = 50) were collected from five geographic sectors between 1991 and 1992 to assess the spatial variability in trace metal and PCB (10 congeners) levels along the St. Lawrence River. Spatial differences among the five sectors were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and were significant only for PCBs. Both Hg and total congener concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with fish age, but not with mass or length. The relative proportions of the PCB congeners did not vary among sites. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 3700 for total congeners compared favourably with previously reported results. Since 1975, Hg and PCB levels in St. Lawrence River yellow perch have decreased by factors of 2-3 and 30, respectively. Power analyses revealed that future monitoring studies may require large sample sizes to successfully detect the small spatial differences found for many contaminants. For example, to detect, at a power level of 90%, a 33% difference in Hg levels in yellow perch (i.e., the maximum difference found in this study) among the five sectors, 80 fish per sector would be required.
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Jackson, John N. "The construction and operation of the First, Second, and Third Welland canals." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-058.

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The Welland canals are features of great Canadian renown in terms of engineering, as transportation arteries, and through their contributions to industrial development and urban achievement. Their instigator was William Hamilton Merritt, a St. Catharines businessman. Functionally, they must be perceived as an inland extension of the St. Lawrence system of waterways. These contributions began when the First Welland Canal opened in 1829, and extend continuously up to the present. The First Welland Canal, fed from the Grand River, was constructed through the canalization of rivers north of the Niagara Escarpment, by locks across this relief barrier, and a man-made cut to the south. The canal then took advantage of the Welland and Niagara rivers to reach Lake Erie. Hardly a feature of this achievement was as anticipated and, in 1833, the route was changed by a cut direct to Lake Erie at Port Colborne. The Second Canal, opened in 1845, followed essentially the same route, but with stone locks and a new channel constructed slightly to the west of its predecessor. The Third Canal was wider and deeper. It offered fewer locks and, though retaining Port Dalhousie as its northern outlet on Lake Ontario, its alignment was now a cut east of St. Catharines and Thorold across the Ontario Plain. The Second Canal remained in use at the two ends for the smaller-sized vessels to serve St. Catharines and Thorold, and its water supply continued to power industry until hydroelectricity was obtained from the power projects on the Niagara River at Niagara Falls. Key words: Welland Canal, St. Lawrence–Great Lakes water system, William Hamilton Merritt, transportation, Grand River, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, water power, industrial location, urban growth.
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St-Onge, Nicole. "The Persistence of Travel and Trade: St. Lawrence River Valley French Engagés and the American Fur Company, 1818-1840." Michigan Historical Review 34, no. 2 (2008): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2008.0034.

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Simard, Anouk, Annie Paquet, Charles Jutras, Yves Robitaille, Pierre Blier, Rehaume Courtois, and Andre Martel. "North American range extension of the invasive Asian clam in a St. Lawrence River power station thermal plume." Aquatic Invasions 7, no. 1 (2012): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.1.009.

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Lalonde, Janick D., François Chapleau, Anik Brind'Amour, and Lara Louise Ridgway. "Les métaux (Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn et Hg) des meuniers noirs (Catostomus commersoni) et des grands brochets (Esox lucius) de l'amont et de l'aval du barrage Moses-Saunders sur le fleuve Saint-Laurent près de Cornwall (Ontario) et Massena (New York)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-137.

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We examined the effect of a dam on concentrations of metals (Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Hg) in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and in northern pike (Esox lucius). Fish were caught upstream and downstream of the Moses-Saunders Power dam on the St. Lawrence River near Cornwall, Ontario, and Massena, New York. Upstream of the dam, Lake St. Lawrence is a 136-km2 reservoir resulting from the flooding of 90 km2 of agricultural land in 1958, and downstream is Lake St. Francis. In northern pike, no difference in the mean concentrations of metals was found between upstream and downstream fish. Hg concentrations increased with length in upstream and downstream pike, whereas Zn showed an inverse relationship with length downstream. For a particular length, Hg concentration was higher in downstream northern pike. On average, white sucker were five times more contaminated by Hg upstream than downstream. The levels of Mn and Cu were also found to be higher upstream. No bioaccumulation of metals was observed in white sucker. Based on the results obtained for the northern pike, after 37 years, it seems that the high metal concentrations observed in Lake St. Lawrence after the creation of the reservoir have now disappeared. We believe that the high level of contamination of the white suckers in this lake is linked with this species' habit of being in constant contact with the sediments, which could be locally highly contaminated.
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Borden, W. Calvin, and Robert A. Krebs. "Phylogeography and postglacial dispersal of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) into the Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 12 (December 2009): 2142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-155.

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Refugia and dispersal routes of smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolomieu ) into the Great Lakes were identified using 427 mitochondrial sequences from across their native range. Overall, smallmouth bass accessed the Great Lakes via long-distance dispersal from multiple refugia, and the distribution of genetic variation reflected the consequences of vicariant, dispersal, and paleogeological events. Proximity of lakes to glacial outlets had a greater predictive power on the resulting distribution of mitochondrial diversity relative to interbasin migration. Populations in the Eastern and Interior Highlands contained the most divergent and oldest haplotypes, reflecting their role as glacial refugia and subsequent high incidence of endemicity. Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and northern Lake Huron were colonized by bass of a single mitochondrial clade that accessed the Brule–Portage (Mississippi and St. Croix rivers) and Chicago (Illinois and Fox rivers) outlets. Lakes Huron and Erie contained admixed mitochondrial lineages in part due to numerous access points, including the Fort Wayne (Wabash and Maumee rivers), Lower Peninsula of Michigan (Grand River valley), and Kirkfield (Kawartha Lakes) outlets. In contrast, populations in Lake Ontario, Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and the St. Lawrence River were monomorphic, indicating a single but unidentified source. These patterns were consistent with many examples from the North American freshwater ichthyofauna.
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LaHaye, Michel, Alain Branchaud, Marc Gendron, Richard Verdon, and Réjean Fortin. "Reproduction, early life history, and characteristics of the spawning grounds of the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in Des Prairies and L'Assomption rivers, near Montréal, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-234.

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Spawning, early life history, and physical characteristics of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning grounds were compared between two rivers located in the Montréal region. The spawning grounds in Des Prairies River were enlarged in 1985, during the reconstruction of the Des Prairies power plant spillway. The L'Assomption River spawning ground has not been physically altered by human activities. In 1989, spawning occurred between May 14 and 27 in Des Prairies River (water temperature 11.6–15.4 °C) and between May 15 and 22 in L'Assomption River (water temperature 11–21.5 °C). On a given date, embryos were slightly more developed in L'Assomption River, where hatching began 3 days earlier than in Des Prairies River (26 vs. 29 May). The great similarity in the spawning and early development sequence suggests that spawners utilizing these two rivers cannot be differentiated on the basis of these biological characters. In 1990, larval emigration from the Des Prairies River spawning ground began on May 29, 11 days after peak spawning. The larvae drifted to the St. Lawrence River in June (peak on 16 June), at a mean length of approximately 20 mm. In both rivers the proportion of stations with eggs present tends to decrease as depth and current velocity increase. Egg deposition occurs on a wide variety of substrate types, ranging from fine- to medium-sized gravel to boulders. Although utilization varies with prevailing hydrological conditions, in 1990 the artificial spawning bed in Des Prairies River showed a high proportion of stations with eggs present.
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Wilton, Derek H. C. "Albert Peter Low — The Iron Man of Labrador." Geoscience Canada 45, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.130.

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In 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low of the Geological Survey of Canada, along with D.I.V. Eaton and four indigenous assistants explored the Labrador Peninsula, then perceived as one of the last great unexplored wilderness areas of North America. The expedition left Lake St. John (now Lac St. Jean) on June 17, 1893, canoeing across the northeastern edge of the North American continent, arriving at Fort Chimo (now Kuujjuaq) on August 27, 1893. They departed Fort Chimo by steamer for Rigolet on the Labrador coast and the Hudson Bay Company post at North West River in the fall of 1893. On March 6, 1894 the party started up the Grand (now Churchill) River continuing through large central lakes into the Ashuanipi river system in western Labrador, then out via the Attikonak River to the Romaine River and finally the Saint Jean river system to arrive at Mingan on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River on August 23, 1894. Low described their fifteen-month journey as having covered over 8700 km including 1600 km on foot, over 4700 km in canoe, 800 km by dog team and 1600 km by steamer. The report from the expedition provides a compendium on the natural history of the region as well as the first geological maps. In terms of economic and scientific results, the greatest was documentation of the vast iron ore deposits of western Labrador; a world-class mining district that has been producing for sixty-three years since 1954. Low’s account also provides details on the essence of such an epic journey, which stands as a classic in the annals of Canadian geological surveying.RÉSUMÉEn 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low de la Commission géologique du Canada, accompagné du D.I.V. Eaton et quatre assistants autochtones ont exploré la péninsule du Labrador, alors perçue comme l'une des dernières grandes étendues sauvages inexplorées d’Amérique du Nord. L’équipe a quitté le Lake St. John (aujourd'hui le lac Saint-Jean) le 17 juin 1893, a traversé la bordure nord-est du continent nord-américain en canoë, et est arrivé à Fort Chimo (aujourd'hui Kuujjuaq) le 27 août 1893. À l'automne de 1893, ils ont quitté Fort Chimo à bord d'un vapeur pour Rigolet, sur la côte du Labrador, et le poste de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson sur la rivière North West. Le 6 mars 1894, les membres de l'équipe ont remonté la rivière Grand (aujourd'hui Churchill), puis à travers les grands lacs centraux jusqu'au bassin de la rivière Ashuanipi, dans l'ouest du Labrador, puis, par la rivière Attikonak jusqu' à la rivière Romaine et, enfin, le réseau de la rivière Saint-Jean jusqu’à Mingan, sur la rive nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent, le 23 août 1894. L’excursion décrite par Low a duré quinze mois et parcouru plus de 8700 km dont 1600 km à pied, plus de 4700 km en canoë, 800 km en attelage de chiens et 1600 km en bateau à vapeur. Le rapport de l'expédition constitue un recueil sur l'histoire naturelle de la région ainsi que des premières cartes géologiques. En ce qui concerne les répercussions économiques et scientifiques, la plus importante en a été la documentation des vastes gisements de minerai de fer de l'ouest du Labrador, un district minier de classe mondiale, en production pendant soixante-trois ans depuis 1954. Le récit de Low fournit également des détails sur le caractère épique d’une telle expédition, laquelle est un classique dans les annales de la Commission géologique du Canada.
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Books on the topic "St. Lawrence River Power Company"

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V, White Arthur. Long Sault Rapids, St. Lawrence River: An enquiry into the constitutional and other aspects of the project to develop power therefrom. [Ottawa]: Commission of Conseration, Committee on Waters and Water-Powers, 1997.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to authorize Theophilus Cushing to construct a boom or booms extending from the main land to the Isle du Curé de Repentigny, on the north side of the River St. Lawrence. Toronto: J. Lovell, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Process to remove radioactive waste from Savannah River tanks fails to work : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Challenges to achieving potential savings in DOE's high-level waste cleanup program : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050 Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Uncertainties about opening Waste Isolation Pilot Plant : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Unresolved issues concerning Hanford's waste management practices : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Department of Energy's Hanford Tank Waste Project-- schedule, cost, and management issues : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Impediments to completing the Yucca Mountain repository project : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Foreign countries' appproaches to high-level waste storage and disposal : report to the Honorable Richard H. Bryan, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: DOE's management and organization of the Nevada Repository Project : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "St. Lawrence River Power Company"

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"Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns." In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, edited by Alastair Mathers and Thomas J. Stewart. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch24.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The American eel <em>Anguilla rostrata </em>is an important component of the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River and historically has been one of the most valuable commercial species in Ontario waters of this system. Between 1984 and 1993, reported annual harvest ranged from 104 to 124 metric tons. Since 1993, eel harvests have declined precipitously in all areas above the Moses-Saunders Power Dam in spite of an increase in price per kg. During 2002, fishers held 85 eel licenses and harvested 12 metric tons (mt) of maturing yellow eel, mostly with hoop nets and trap nets. The numbers of eels migrating into this system in recent years suggests that if fishing effort remains constant, commercial harvests in areas above the dam will be under 3 mt per year between now and 2010. Provincial management programs have imposed license and season restrictions, reduced quotas, and more detailed catch reporting. Sustainable management practices throughout the range of this panmictic species will be required to restore the eel as an abundant species in Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River.
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"Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns." In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, edited by Kevin J. McGrath, Richard Verdon, Denis Desrochers, Carole Fleury, Scott Ault, and John Skalski. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch20.

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<em>Abstract.—</em>Additional upstream eel <em>Anguilla rostrata </em>passage is planned at the Moses- Saunders Power Dam, Massena, New York, and has recently been implemented at the Beauharnois Power Dam, Montreal, Quebec, on the St. Lawrence River. Mark– recapture studies were conducted to determine the distance upstream of the dams that eel ladder exits should be located to minimize turbine entrainment. In 2001, 9,822 finclipped eels were released in equal proportions at 0 m, 90 m, and 1,600 m upstream on the west side of the Beauharnois Power Dam. Return rates to the tailwater were 4.5%, 5.0%, and 3.2%, respectively. In 2002, 16,697 fin-clipped eels were released at the same distances on the east side of the dam. Return rates were 12.0%, 4.2% and 1.1%, respectively. In 2001, 4,400 PIT-tagged eels were released at six locations upstream of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam. Eels released further than 270 m upstream of the dam exhibited a return rate of less than 7%, while those released closer than 270 m had a substantially higher return rate, approximately 50%. Even though the dams are very similar in size and hydraulic capacity, return rates of eels released close to the two dams were substantially different, approximately 50% for the Moses-Saunders Power Dam versus 4.5% (west side) and 12.0% (east side) for the Beauharnois Power Dam. These studies indicate that the siting of an eel ladder exit to minimize entrainment is specific to each dam.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Environmental Aspects of the Atlantic Slave Trade and Caribbean Plantations." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0007.

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The Atlantic world became Britain’s main early imperial arena in the seventeenth century. Subsequent to Ireland, North America and the Caribbean were the most important zones of British settler colonialism. At the northern limits of settlement, around the Atlantic coast, the St Lawrence River, the Great Lakes and on the shores of the Hudson Bay, cod fisheries and fur-trading networks were established in competition with the French. This intrusion, while it had profound effects on the indigenous population, was comparatively constrained. Secondly, British settlements were founded in colonial New England from 1620. Expanding agrarian communities, based largely on family farms, displaced Native Americans, while the ports thrived on trade and fisheries. In the hotter zones to the south, both in the Caribbean and on the mainland, slave plantations growing tropical products became central to British expansion. Following in Spanish footsteps, coastal Virginia was occupied in 1607 and various Caribbean islands were captured from the 1620s: Barbados in 1627, and Jamaica in 1655. The Atlantic plantation system was shaped in part by environment and disease. But these forces cannot be explored in isolation from European capital and consumption, or the balance of political power between societies in Europe, Africa, and America. An increase in European consumer demand for relatively few agricultural commodities—sugar, tobacco, cotton, and to a lesser extent ginger, coffee, indigo, arrowroot, nutmeg, and lime—drove plantation production and the slave trade. The possibility of providing these largely non-essential additions for British consumption arose from a ‘constellation’ of factors ‘welded in the seventeenth century’ and surviving until the mid-nineteenth century, aided by trade protectionism. This chapter analyses some of these factors and addresses the problem of how much weight can be given to environmental explanations. Plantations concentrated capital and large numbers of people in profoundly hierarchical institutions that occupied relatively little space in the newly emerging Atlantic order. In contrast to the extractive enterprise of the fur trade, this was a frontier of agricultural production, which required little involvement from indigenous people. On some islands, such as Barbados, Spanish intrusions had already decimated the Native American population before the British arrived; there was little resistance.
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