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Academic literature on the topic 'St3 steel'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "St3 steel"

Rakhimyanov, Andrey, Alexander Loktionov, and Nadezhda Gaar. "Technological possibilities of high-precision plasma cutting in processing materials of different class." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401011.

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Improving the technologies and equipment at a stage of the blank production in mechanical engineering greatly determines the reduction in the technological production costs. The use of modern technological complexes on cutting sheet materials provides a solution to tasks for increasing the accuracy of forming. Nowadays high-precision plasma cutting is developing. It can be considered as an alternative to the laser cutting in achieving high characteristics of the cut accuracy and quality. The paper under consideration presents the results of optimizing the processing speed for the existing schemes of high-precision plasma cutting in the range of the cut thickness from 1 mm to 30 mm for carbon steel, alloy steel and aluminum steel. The efficiency of using the technological scheme HiFocusplus for cutting such bimetallic compositions as “steel St3 + steel 12H18N10T”, “steel St3 + aluminum A5M”, “steel St3 + copper M1” is presented. It is determined that the best characteristics of the accuracy and quality of the cut are achieved in cutting the composition “steel ST3 + steel 12H18N10T” from the side of low-carbon steel. Cutting from the side of aluminum and copper respectively is optimal for such compositions as “steel St3 + aluminum A5M” and “steel St3 + copper M1”.

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Bobylev, E. E., I. D. Storozhenko, A. D. Nirov, and L. I. Svistun. "The effect of diffusion metallisation modes in low melting liquid metal solutions on the formation of Ni-Cr coatings on steels." PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY 12 (2024): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2024-12-46-55.

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This paper presents the results of diffusion saturation of the steels 40Cr, 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N, 40Cr13, St3 with nickel and chromium in a Pb-Li melt of eutectic composition. The kinetics of coating formation was evaluated. It was found that on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels the coating consisted of a surface carbide layer with a microhardness of 2000 HV0.01 and a transitional solid-soluble layer. On St3 and 40Cr13 steels, the coating was formed on a solid solution basis with a microhardness of 200 HV0.01. The elemental composition of the coated materials also influenced the formation of the coating: the coatings were thickest on St3 steel and thinnest on 40Cr13 steel. The chromium content at the surface of the coatings on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels was 80 %. The maximum nickel content was found at a depth of 4 – 5 microns and was 21 % for 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steel and 13 % for 40Cr steel. For 40Cr13 and St3 samples, the chromium content was 8% and 14.5 % respectively. At the same time, the nickel content on the surface reached 40 %. It was found that the dependence of the coating thickness on the diffusion saturation temperature is exponential and the dependence of the thickness on time is parabolic. The maximum thickness of the coatings was obtained at a temperature of 1070 °C and an exposure time of 480 minutes. However, as the exposure time was increased, a decrease in the intensity of coating formation was observed.

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Benkovsky, Yu V., D. M. Kroitoru, V. I. Petrenko, P. N. Stoichev, E. V. Yurchenko, and A. I. Dikusar. "Interrelation of the Composition of Steel Treated by Electrospark Alloying and the Properties of Obtained Composite Surface." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 1 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.1.01.

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Basing on the study of the elemental composition of surface composites obtained on 45, 65G, and St3 steels by electrospark alloying using processing electrode from T15K6, VK8 hard alloys, as well as 45 and St3 steels (the “steel on steel” option), it was shown that the resulting surface layers are ~70% composed of the material steel substrate modified by electro-discharge treatment. The influence of the steel composition on the coefficients of the processing electrode material transfer on the substrate, on the roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of the resulting surfaces has been studied. It is shown that the wear resistance of the resulting composites is determined mainly by the nature of the treated surface and, to a much lesser extent, by the processing electrode material, roughness, and microhardness of the surface.

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Dong, C., and М. Kraiev. "Peculiarities of steel hardening under deformation conditions with external influence of a magnetic field." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 30, no. 1 (2024): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2024.01.040.

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The strain resistance of a metal, its intensity of hardening, directly depends on the evolution of defects in the crystal lattice. The positive influence of a magnetic field (MF) on the movement of dislocations and their interaction with stoppers (magnetoplastic effect) is known. For the practical use of MF in forging technologies, generalized data on the strengthening of metals during plastic deformation are required. The results of using a constant MF with induction up to 1,2 T in the processes of testing samples for tension and compression were studied. Tensile tests were carried out on samples of steels St3, 20, U8, 40Cr, 09Cr16Ni4Nb, X10CrNiTi18-10, copper M3 and compression tests on steels St3, 09Cr16Ni4Nb, X10CrNiTi18-10, copper M3. Curves of metal hardening during deformation are plotted in the coordinates flow stress – logarithmic strain. The flow stress is determined by the ratio of the load to the cross-sectional area of the sample valid for a given moment of testing under uniform deformation. The change in flow stress of metals is described by the power function of the Ludwik-Hollomon equation. In tension and compression of ferromagnetic steels St3, 20, 40Cr, U8 and 09Cr16Ni4Nb, the impact of MF leads to an increase in the intensity of their hardening. This is most evident in hardened or high-strength steels. But for St3 steel softened by annealing, the effect is the opposite - in MF the intensity of hardening is somewhat less. Tension in MF of paramagnetic steel X10CrNiTi18-10 showed an increase in the intensity of hardening, but compression showed its decrease. Tension and compression of M3 copper in MF occur with a slight decrease in the intensity of hardening. The experiments carried out revealed the main effect of MF at the initial stage of deformation. The hardening curves were divided into straight and parabolic sections with the hardening coefficients determined for each of them. The main effect of MT on the primary stage of linear hardening has been revealed, where a decrease in the intensity of hardening (St3, 40Cr, X10CrNiTi18-10, M3), an increase (St3 and X10CrNiTi18-10) or a reduction (St3 annealed) in the duration of this stage is observed. Keywords: magnetoplasticity, tension, compression, hardening, stress, strain.

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Rakhimyanov, Kharis, Andrey Rakhimyanov, and Mikhail Heifetz. "High-Precision Plasma Cutting of the Steel - Aluminum ”Bimetallic Composition“." Applied Mechanics and Materials 788 (August 2015): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.788.41.

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The current paper is devoted to technological improvements in high-precision plasma cutting of thin sheets on processing the steel St3 + aluminum A5M bimetallic composition. The composition obtained by explosion welding presents a compound of various materials which differ in such thermophysical characteristics as their melting point and their thermal conductivity. The principal difference in their thermophysical properties has predetermined the specific features of forming the cut edge of this bimetallic composition. Out of the variety of technologies for cutting this bimetallic composition, the Hi-Focusplustechnology intended for carbon steel processing and the Hi-Focus technology for aluminum alloys are chosen. It is established that when cutting the bimetallic composition on the side of steel grade St3, the undercut filled with the products of melted steel grade St3 is formed on the aluminum portion in using both technologies. Switching the direction of the cut from steel to aluminum results in forming a taper on the aluminum portion. In so doing, high precision and superior quality of cutting on the steel grade St3 portion are provided.

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Gulyashinov, Pavel, Undrakh Mishigdorzhiyn, and Nikolay Ulakhanov. "Influence of boriding and aluminizing processes on the structure and properties of low-carbon steels." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 2 (2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.2-91-101.

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Introduction. Boriding and aluminizing are among the effective methods for improving the performance properties (corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance) of machine parts and tools. Solid-phase methods of carrying out techniques of thermochemical treatment (TCT) require long-term exposure at elevated temperatures, which negatively affects the structure and properties of the base material. From these positions, the selection of reasonable temperature-time parameters of solid-phase boriding and aluminizing processes is an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of low-temperature boriding and aluminizing processes on the structure and microhardness of diffusion layers on the surface of low-carbon steels. The paper considers two grades of steels with a carbon content of up to 0.4%: low-carbon steel St3 and alloy steel 3Cr2W8V. The use of the second steel is due to the need to identify the effect of alloying elements in steel on the thickness of diffusion layers and its composition. Powder mixtures based on boron carbide and aluminum carbide are selected as sources of boron and aluminum. Results and discussions. It is found at a process temperature of 900 °C and holding for 2 hours after boriding, iron borides are formed on the surface of both steels. At the same time, two borides FeB and Fe2B are detected on St3 steel by X-ray phase analysis (XRD), and only the Fe2B phase is detected on 3Cr2W8V steel. After aluminizing, aluminum-containing phases such as Al5Fe2, Na3AlF6 and Al2O3 are formed in both steels. The thickness of the resulting diffusion layer on St3 after boriding is 35 μm, after aluminizing – 65 μm. The thickness of the diffusion layer on 3Cr2W8V steel is equal to 15 μm after boriding and 50 μm after aluminizing, which is significantly less than on carbon steel and is obviously due to the effect of alloying elements. It is established that TCT leads to a significant increase in the microhardness of the samples surface. Thus, the maximum microhardness of St3 steel increased to 2,000 HV, and the maximum microhardness of 3Cr2W8V steel increased to 1,700 HV after boriding. The microhardness after aluminizing is comparable for both steels and is equal to 1,000-1,100 HV. Elemental analysis of the upper sections of the diffusion layers shows that the content of boron (7-9%) and aluminum (50-53%) corresponds to the detected XRD iron borides and aluminides. In all cases, there is a gradual decrease in the diffusing elements in the direction from the surface to the base.

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Soldatov, A. I., A. A. Soldatov, M. A. Kostina, and O. A. Kozhemyak. "Experimental Studies of Thermoelectric Characteristics of Plastically Deformed Steels ST3, 08KP and 12H18N10T." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.310.

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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the thermoelectric characteristics of plastically deformed steels ST3, 08KP, 12H18N10T. Measurements in the area of maximum deformation of the samples were carried out. Differences in the thermoelectric characteristics of plastically deformed steels were revealed. Steel 12H18N10T has linear characteristic, and characteristics of steels ST3 and 08KP have extreme. Constant temperature between the hot and cold electrodes needs to be maintained and also the temperature of the test specimens needs to be monitored, which in the differential testing method equals to cold electrodes. Novel block diagram of a device for testing of thermos electromotive force and monitoring of the cold electrodes temperature is proposed.

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Saraev, Yu N., V. Р. Bezborodov, М. V. Perovskaya, and V. М. Semenchuk. "Modification of steel surface layer by electroslag surfacing using compounds with high melting point." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 9 (2021): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-679-684.

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The authors have studied the effect of alloying on the structure, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of electroslag surfacing layers on low-alloy structural steel 09G2S. For modification, mixtures of Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si powders obtained in the Department of Structural Macrokinetics of the Tomsk Scientific Centre SB RAS by the method of SHS synthesis, as well as powder compositions based on TiC, were used. A molten electrode was made of low-alloy steel St3, on which modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si were poured out, in the first case, and modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si, located below, in the second case. Metallography and X-ray microanalysis methods were used to determine the structure and to analyze the composition of the deposited layers, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal, on the basis of which assumptions were made about the nature of the formation of coating properties – hardness and wear resistance. It is shown that the main influence on the wear resistance is exerted by structure of the surfacing metal. There is a positive effect of modifying coatings by alloying materials with the alloys Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si + St3 and TiC + St3. In the molten layer, many new crystallization centers are released in the form of dispersed TiC particles. Dispersed TiC particles with a high melting point (3180 °C) are the first to fall out of the melt and not only serve as multiple crystallization centers, but also prevent the growth of austenitic grains, which ensures the formation of dispersed structure. The coatings contain TiC carbide particles, as well as inclusions of other phases. At the same time, an increase in hardness of the deposited layer containing titanium carbide inclusions is observed in direction of the boundary with the base. Wear resistance of the layer increases when a TiC-based coating is formed. The obtained data can be used to create deposited layers on the metal surface with high resistance against abrasive wear.

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Kuznetsov, Yu I., N. P. Andreeva, and M. O. Agafonkina. "Inhibition of metal corrosion in neutral aqueous solutions by succinic acid salts." International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 13, no. 2 (2024): 1322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2024-13-2-36.

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The adsorption, protective and passivating effect of sodium succinate and a blend of sodium alkenylsuccinates SKAP-25 on the oxidized surface of copper, copper-nickel alloy MNZh5-1 and low-carbon steel St3 in a neutral chloride solution were studied. The free adsorption energy (–ΔG0a,max) values for all studied metals suggest chemisorption interaction of these organic anion with oxidized metals surfaces: (–ΔG0a,max) for St3 60.2 kJ/mol, for copper 77.4 kJ/mol and for copper alloy 89.3 kJ/mol. Sodium succinate is able to stabilize the passive state of the MNZh5-1 alloy in a neutral chloride buffer solution. On copper, copper alloy and St3, protection against local depassivation is observed up to a certain concentration, above which the protective properties of sodium succinate decrease. Polarization measurements on the air-oxidized surface of low-carbon steel St3 showed that sodium succinate and SKAP-25, as well as their compositions with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), are able to reduce anodic dissolution currents and increase the local depassivation potential. Corrosion tests of St3 in a 0.01 M NaCl solution proved the advantage of using the composition of SKAP-25 with 2-MBT (7.1:1) in comparison with the individual compound: the degree of protection of St3 at Cinh=7 mmol/L is 99%, and sodium succinate+SKAP-25 (1:1) at Cinh=7 mmol/L is Z=93%.

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Scherbakov, A. P. "Material and method selection for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines components." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 4 (2020): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-4-464-475.

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Introduction. The article examines the problem of choosing a material and method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines elements. The performance of construction machines is affected by the reliability of the parts used. The selection of materials for their manufacture allows to calculate the probability of how such elements will affect its ability to work and productivity.Materials and methods. In the process of determining the material and the method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines, structural steels with various chemical compositions were selected: lowcarbon 08ps (as a model material), 10, 20.30, St3 and low-alloy steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as high-carbon steel 65G and boron steel 30MnB5. The methods as high temperature annealing, normalization, injection and high temperature release, thermocyclic processing, cold plastic deformation, thermocyclic processing of steels after cold plastic deformation were used.Results. During the experiment, it was found that both for low-carbon 08ps, 10, 20, 30, St3, and for low-alloy structural steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as for high-carbon steel 65G and for boron-containing steel 30MnB5, an increase in the number of TCT cycles (thermal cycling) leads to an increase in the strength properties of the metal. With an increase in the number of cycles over 3-6, the increase in strength properties slows down significantly. Conclusion. In contrast to heat treatment, TCO allows to identify the positive effect of alloying on strength and plastic properties to a greater extent. At the same time, significantly increasing the strength and plasticity, it is possible to obtain previously unattainable values of the work of destruction of alloy steels in the process of various types of loading. Accordingly, the preliminary preparation of steel for the production of individual elements of machines and mechanisms will increase their strength and wear resistance.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "St3 steel"

Sabata, Ashok. "Characterization of the adhesive interface between rubber and brass plated steel tire cords." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54878.

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Extensive use of steel belted radial tires made it necessary to investigate the rubber-brass adhesion. Surface analysis techniques were used to give a better understanding of this bond, After about a decade of research, investigators have been successful in optimizing many of the parameters to obtain a bond of high strength. However there are still certain areas in which more work has to be done to make better quality tires. One such area is the effect of compound formulation on adhesion. Compound formulations still to a large extent are empirical. The purpose of this work is to give a scientific basis for formulating the rubber compound for best possible adhesion. Master of Science

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Radavelli, Graziella Ferrer. "AVALIAÇÃO DA PERDA DE TRANSMISSÃO SONORA EM PAREDES EXTERNAS DE LIGHT STEEL FRAME." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7873.

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Environmental noise at high levels and inappropriate construction techniques used in conventional buildings in Brazil claim for a transition to better construction systems. Recently the Brazilian standard NBR 15575:2013 established for the first time parameters and criteria for residential building performance. In standard minimum requirements for sound insulation are given, for example for external walls and roof structures. This way it is of fundamental importance to have sound transmission loss data for diferente types of such elements at hand. Taking into account that there is very little information on the sound transmission loss of external walls of the light steel frame (LSF) type measurements of sound insulation of different vertical external LSF walls typically used in Brazil were carried out. Eighteen different LSF walls were mounted in the sound transmission measurement chamber of the Federal University of Santa Maria and measurements were carried out in accordance with ISO 10140:2010. Sound insulation was characterized by means of the sound reduction index R, the weighted sound reduction index Rw and the sound transmission class, making it possible to compare the sound insulation of the LSF walls with data from the literature. The LSF walls under investigation in this study used different materials such as OSB panels, cement boards, plaster boards, Smartside panels, PVC panels, XPS panels and magnesium oxide boards for the outer face. The influence of resilient channels and sponge tape, placed between the outer face and the metalic studes, were also evaluated. The sound insulation of the diferente LSF walls were found to be 43 dB ≤ Rw ≤ 50 dB and 45 dB ≤ STC ≤ 52 dB. Within the LSF walls measured the one which used magnesium oxide boards on the outer face showed to have the highest weight sound reduction index (Rw = 50 dB). Resilient channels, fabricated especially for this study, and sponge tape were able to provide an increase of Rw and STC up to 5 dB compared to the same wall without this resilient elements, and provide better sound insulation especially for frequencies higher than 400 Hz. From the data it can be concluded that LSF walls are more efficient regarding the sound insulation than single walls of the same surface mass and in some cases even better than single walls of superior surface mass, such as walls made of massive brick or concrete blocks. O excesso de ruído ambiental e as inadequadas técnicas construtivas dos sistemas convencionais utilizados no mercado da construção civil brasileira, fazem com que seja necessária a introdução de novas tecnologias construtivas mais racionais e produtivas. A partir da entrada em vigor da NBR 15575:2013 foram estabelecidos diversos parâmetros de desempenho para edificações habitacionais. A referida norma também estabelece exigências mínimas de isolamento acústico para os sistemas que compõem as edificações, entre eles, as vedações verticais. Desta forma, informações sobre o isolamento acústico providenciado pelos diferentes sistemas construtivos tornaram-se de fundamental importância. Tendo em vista a pouca informação existente na literatura sobre o isolamento sonoro de paredes externas em light steel frame (LSF), foram realizadas medições de perda de transmissão sonora em paredes externas executadas neste sistema construtivo, usadas tipicamente no mercado brasileiro. Dezoito composições de paredes em LSF foram montadas na câmara reverberante de transmissão sonora da UFSM para realização dos ensaios de perda de transmissão conforme procedimentos propostos pela ISO 10140:2010. O isolamento sonoro foi quantificado a partir dos espectros do índice de redução sonora R, pelo índice de redução sonora ponderado Rw e pela classe de transmissão sonora STC, facilitando a comparação entre diferentes composições de parede e dados de isolamento sonoro encontrados na bibliografia. Os principais materiais utilizados no revestimento das paredes LSF foram paineis OSB, placas cimentícias, placas de gesso acartonado, réguas Smartside, réguas de siding vinílico, painéis XPS e placas de óxido de magnésio. A influência da utilização de barras resilientes e fitas de espuma de PVC, entre as placas de revestimento e a estrutura metálica, também foi avaliada. Determinou-se que o isolamento sonoro das diferentes paredes LSF avaliadas é de 43 dB ≤ Rw ≤ 50 dB e 45 dB ≤ STC ≤ 52 dB. Dentre as paredes externas em LSF, aquela que utilizou placas de óxido de magnésio na face exterior apresentou o maior Rw = 50 dB. As barras resilientes e fitas de espuma de PVC foram capazes de aumentar o Rw e STC em até 5 dB, se comparado à parede semelhante sem estes dispositivos, especialmente nas frequências a partir de 400 Hz. A partir da análise dos dados, concluiu-se que as paredes LSF consideradas paredes duplas são mais eficientes no isolamento sonoro quando comparadas às paredes simples ou homogêneas de mesma massa e até do que algumas paredes com massa muito superior, como paredes de tijolos maciços, de blocos de concreto ou de blocos cerâmicos.

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Femenia, Marc. "Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels in Acidic-Chloride Solutions Studied with Micrometer Resolution." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3484.

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The local corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS)is affected by a wide variety of factors. Localized corrosionof DSS frequently starts at micrometer scale inclusions orprecipitates, which are often segregated in theaustenite-ferrite boundary regions. Moreover, due to thepartitioning of the key alloying elements of ferrite (Cr andMo) and austenite (N and Ni), the local interactions betweenthe phases must also be considered.The aim of this doctoral study was to increase the knowledgeabout the local dissolution behavior of DSS in acidic-chlorideenvironments. The recent developments of new local probingtechniques have opened a new frontier in corrosion science,providing valuable local information not accessible in thepast. The local techniques used include electrochemicalscanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), scanning probe forcemicroscopy (SKPFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), andscanning Auger electron Spectroscopy (SAES), all withmicrometer or sub-micrometer resolution.With EC-STM, it was possible to monitor local dissolutionprocesses on DSS in situ, and in real time. MFM was capable ofimaging the phase distribution in DSS without the need of thetraditional surface etching, while SKPFM revealed that theVolta potential difference between the two phases wasmeasurable and significant. SAES showed that the compositiongradient at the phase boundaries is narrower than 2µm.Different types of DSSs have been studied, from low-alloyedDSS to superduplex. Higher contents of Cr, Mo and Nstrengthened both phases as well as the phase boundaries,resulting in phases having similar corrosion resistance thatshowed a more uniform dissolution behavior. However, the Voltapotential difference between the phases proved to be of thesame order for all the DSSs studied. Austenite was in generalassociated to regions displaying a more noble Volta potentialthan ferrite, resulting in a higher dissolution rate of theferrite next to the austenite phase.Key words:In situ, local dissolution, electrochemical,STM, SKPFM, MFM, SAES, duplex stainless steel, acidic-chloridesolution.

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Ma, Li. "Premières étapes d’oxydation d’un acier inoxydable austénitique et influence sur la passivation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC034.

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Le but de cette recherche est de comprendre le rôle de la résistance à l'amorçage de la corrosion des hétérogénéités chimiques et structurelles créées dans la passivation par les mécanismes d'oxydation/passivation des surfaces d'alliage contenant du Cr. Ceci sera réalisé en utilisant un système UHV permettant la surveillance de la croissance de l'oxyde pendant et après l'exposition à l'oxygène par XPS et STM, et permettant aussi le transfert direct (sans exposition à l'air) à une boîte à gants remplie d'argon équipée d'une cellule électrochimique pour contrôler précisement de l'exposition aux électrolytes aqueux agressifs. Les environnements aqueux corrosifs avec des conditions agressives contrôlées (pH, potentiel électrochimique, concentration en chlorure) peuvent résulter des modifications de surface (chimiques et nanostructurales) qui sont observées par XPS et STM. La croissance du film passif et l'enrichissement en chrome seront analysés in situ par XPS et par STM afin de comprendre l'effet des paramètres d'oxydation sur le comportement local The aim of this research proposal is to understand the role in the corrosion initiation resistance of the chemical and structural heterogeneities created in the passivating oxide by the oxidation/passivation mechanisms of Cr-containing alloy surfaces. This will be achieved using a UHV system enabling XPS and STM monitoring of oxide growth during and after oxygen exposure and direct transfer without air exposure to an argon-filled glove box equipped with an electrochemical cell for precise control of exposure to aggressive aqueous electrolytes. The aqueous corrosive environments in controlled aggressive conditions (pH, electrochemical potential, chloride concentration) can results the surface modifications (chemical and nanostructural) will be analyzed by XPS and STM. Passive film growth and chromium enrichment will be analyzed in situ by XPS and by STM so as to understand the effect of the oxidation parameters on the local behaviour

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Nilsonthi, Thanasak. "Caractérisation Physico-chimique et adhérence de couches d'oxydes thermiques sur des aciers recyclés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947653.

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.L'objectif de cette étude était, en premier lieu, de mettre en place en Thaïlande un testd'adhésion par traction-écaillage sur une machine de traction classique (test" macroscopique "), de le comparer au test " microscopique " Grenoblois fonctionnant dansla chambre du MEB et de l'utiliser pour évaluer l'adhérence des calamines de process sur desaciers industriels. Deux paramètres ont été étudiés, la vitesse de déformation et la teneur desaciers en silicium. Il apparaît que l'écaillage des calamines au cours du test augmente quandaugmente la vitesse de déformation. Une vitesse de déformation élevée entraîne unedéformation au premier écaillage plus faible, donc une adhérence mesurée plus faible. Ceteffet est lié aux phénomènes de relaxation. On a pu alors montrer que la présence d'oxyde(s)contenant Si, situé(s) à l'interface avec le métal, augmentait l'adhérence. Les étudesd'oxydation dans la vapeur d'eau qui ont aussi été réalisées ont révélé que la présence desilicium réduisait la vitesse d'oxydation. En augmentant la teneur en Si, les couches defayalite et de wüstite s'épaississent ; par contre, les couches externes s'amincissent. Pour lesaciers contenant du cuivre, la vitesse d'oxydation est réduite quand la teneur en Cu estaugmentée. De la même façon, les couches internes sont plus épaisses et on observe uneaugmentation du nombre de précipités de Cu quand la teneur en cet élément augmente.

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Huang, Hau-Chen, and 黃昊辰. "Oxide-scale Microstructure and Electrochemical Behavior of High Carbon Tool Steel(SK3)." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86169295540229574939.

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碩士 長庚大學 機械工程研究所 92 In this study we investigated the microstructure and electrochemical behavior of the oxides developed on high carbon tool steel specimens (SK3), which were heated at 700, 800, 900 and 1000℃ and then cooled in air to obtained different structures of oxides on their surfaces. The oxides were prepared for electrochemical tests in NH4HF2 and HCl solutions and then examined with scanning electron microscope. Experimental results show that a compact oxide could be achieved as the steel was heated at 800℃ then cooled in air. Heating above 900℃, the oxide separated from the steel substrate; furthermore, few oxide can be found as the steel heated at 1000℃. The weight of the oxide increased with increasing heating periods as the steel was heated at 800℃. Interestingly an amorphous oxide can be found on the steel when heating at 800℃longer than 1h. From the results of electrochemical tests, the corrosion potential, Ecorr, of the oxide heated at 800℃ is obvious higher than the other oxides. The behavior of the oxide dissolution in the NH4HF2 solution is obviously different to the HCl solution. In the former solution dissolution of the oxide was resulted from cracking of the oxide and in the latter solution the scale was corroded uniformly.

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Books on the topic "St3 steel"

Barber, John Barron. Sault Ste. Marie from Francis H. Clergue to Sir James Dunn. The author, 1994.

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Sault Ste. Marie. Public Library Archives. The Algoma Steel collection: Finding aid. Sault Ste. Marie Public Library Archives, 1999.

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Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Resources Development. Report on the Impact of the Announced Layoffs at the Algoma Steel Corporation Limited in Sault Ste. Marie and Wawa. s.n, 1986.

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Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. Steel frames: Eyewitness accounts of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire : a commemorative book. Daughters of Charity, Province of the West, 2005.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Nickel Steel Company of Canada. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Nova Scotia Steel Company, Limited. S.E. Dawson, 2002.

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Initiative Alte Schmelz St. Ingbert e.V., ed. Die Schmelzerinnen: Unternehmerinnen, Hüttenfrauen, Zwangsarbeiterinnen auf dem St. Ingberter Eisenwerk. Röhrig Universitätsverlag, 2010.

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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the Canadian Lo[an] and Investment Company. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the Quebec [and] New Brunswick Railway Company. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to supervise and control th[e] warehousing, inspecting and weig[h]ing of grain in Manitoba and th[e] North-west Territories. S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "St3 steel"

Borisova, Maria Z., Sofia P. Yakovleva, and Afanasy M. Ivanov. "Equal Channel Angular Pressing, its Effect on Structure and Properties of the Constructional Steel St3." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-22-1.97.

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Viljakainen, Anna, Katri Valkokari, Mari Hukkalainen, and Tytti Nikunen. "Sustainable Service Ecosystems in Positive Energy Districts: A Conceptual Framework to Steer Long-Term Impacts." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_97.

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AbstractPositive energy districts (PEDs) are central in the global transition toward sustainable, decentralized, and self-sufficient energy systems. Energy transformation taking place locally in cities may trigger broader sustainability transitions (STs) toward PED ecosystems at macro level. The work adopts a service ecosystems perspective to tackle the complexity of STs in the energy sector. The work builds a conceptual framework intended to support the transition and renewal of PED service ecosystems at a micro- and meso levels and uses illustrative case examples from a PED located in Espoo, Finland. The framework is intended to map the interdependencies between different actors in commercializing PED service ecosystems, and acts as a transformational tool for the public and private organizations to address change in PEDs. The framework concretizes the value propositions, actor roles, resource integration, and monetization mechanisms, as well as the transformation enablers, challenges, and long-term impacts. Additionally, the goal of the framework is to help municipalities to understand their roles in strengthening the institutional and social enablers for the local energy transformation with clear regulatory frameworks, incentive mechanisms, long-term political commitment, and vision. Overall, the study supports our understanding on the underlying mechanisms in the paradigm change toward sustainable energy systems.

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Wohlfahrt, Helmut, and Thomas Nitschke. "Influence of Residual Welding Stresses on the Fatigue Behaviour of the High Strength Steel StE 690." In International Conference on Residual Stresses. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1143-7_156.

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Kumar, Pramod, and Amar Nath Sinha. "Numerical Simulation to Predict Temperature Distribution and Weld Profile in Laser Beam Welding of Carbon Steel St37 and Mechanical Properties." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9433-2_64.

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"Front Matter." In Effects of Radiation on Materials: 17th International Symposium. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp16464s.

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STP 1270 features the latest information from the world's leading experts on how radiation impacts a wide range of metals. This extensive volume includes 68 peer-reviewed papers organized into 8 comprehensive categories: Modeling of Controlling Mechanisms -- 8 papers explore mechanisms controlling the behavior and process of radiation embrittlement and segregation in reactor pressure vessel steel. MicrostructureStudies -- The precipitation process that controls reactor pressure vessel steel embrittlement is discussed in 6 papers. Charpy Impact Response -- 14 papers explore such properties topics as the effects of annealing, irradiated welds and specific reactor parts, consequences of flux, and the use of small specimen technology and reconstitution. Strength and Toughness Issues -- 11 papers expand the mechanical properties data base on reactor pressure vessel steels. Ferritic and Martensitic Steels -- Steels with increased chromium levels for use at higher temperature are examined in 6 papers. Austenitic Steels -- 12 papers present topics including microstructural response, fundamentals of radiation damage and mechanical properties. Other Materials -- Nickel, aluminum alloys, vanadium and a zirconium alloy are the focus of 7 papers. Special Procedures and Techniques -- 4 papers feature procedures for avoiding long term radioactivity and unique methods such as positron measurements and laser extensometry.

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"Table of Contents." In Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl11977d.

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Committee A5 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products was organized in 1907 to investigate the corrosion of iron and steel. In 1908, the Committee sponsored its first atmospheric exposure of metallic-coated wires to evaluate their corrosion resistance. Since this date, there have been a considerable number of test programs involving wire, sheet, and hardware. Of particular interest is the program initiated in 1936 and reported on in ASTM STP 290 entitled “Twenty-Year Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Zinc-Coated and Uncoated Wire and Wire Products” by Fred M. Reinhart.

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Sweet, Beryle G., and Thomas C. Britton. "Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products." In Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl11978d.

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"Front Matter." In Influence of Radiation on Material Properties: 13th International Symposium (Part II). ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp25634s.

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STP 956 includes: irradiation creep and creep rupture; changes in mechanical properties of alloys; pressure vessel steels; radiation damage in nonmetals; irradiation facilities; and dosimetry of radiation environments.

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Usca, Üsame Ali. "Investigation of the Effects of Different Application Distances and Cutting Parameters on the Machinability of ST37 Steel for the Minimum Quantity Lubrication Method." In Interdisciplinary studies on contemporary research practices in engineering in the 21st century-III. Özgür Yayınları, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub130.c798.

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It is very important to develop and research the machinability properties of St37 steel, which is highly preferred in the manufacturing industry. During the milling of these materials, the use of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) cooling/lubrication system is increasing day by day, but the effects of the variable parameters included in this system on the milling process have not been sufficiently investigated. In addition, the effect of spray distance, which is one of the variable parameters of this system, on the machinability metrics is also a matter of curiosity. For this reason, in this study, the cutting depth (1 mm) of St37 plain carbon steel, which has a common usage area, is kept constant, and the CNC milling process is performed by using MQL-assisted cooling at different cutting speeds (140-210 m/min) and feed rates (0.14-0.21 mm/rev) was carried out. In the study, the effects of different cutting and feed rates and different MQL spray distances (50-250 mm) on the output parameters (Surface roughness, tool wear, and cutting temperature) in machinability were investigated. According to the findings, it was seen that MQL fluid applied from a long distance had a positive effect on tool wear and cutting temperature. It was determined that the effect of MQL application distance on the surface roughness varies depending on the cutting speed.

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"Front Matter." In Drop-Weight Test for Determination of Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature: User's Experience with ASTM Method E 208. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp18392s.

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STP 919 addresses the user's experience with the drop weight test, ASTM standard E 208, which determines the nil ductility transition temperature of ferritic steels. The four broad topics of this book are: unusual material behavior; advantages of the test including correlations with service, other tests, or both; Shortcomings of the method; and unique testing equipment and experimental techniques.

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Conference papers on the topic "St3 steel"

Knudsen, Ole Øystein, Ann Karin Kvernbråten, and Astrid Bjørgum. "Performance of Maintenance Coatings Applied on Rusty Steel Surfaces." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09018.

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Abstract Presence of surface rust is normally assumed to decrease the performance of coatings. In this work various maintenance coatings were applied on pre-rusted steel cleaned by two different power tools: rotating disc and rotating steel brush. The rotating disc is much more efficient in removing rust than the rotating steel brush. The effect of cleaning method on the performance of the repair coating systems has been investigated. Surprisingly the rotating steel brush gave less corrosion creep than the rotating disc, in spite of the presence of an almost continuous film of rust on the steel brushed surface. Steel brushing removes less surface rust and salt contamination compared to the rotating disc, and rather poor results were therefore expected. The steel brushed samples had a surface quality corresponding to C St2, while the rotating disc gave a surface quality corresponding to C St3. Electrochemical characterization of cleaned panels showed a more positive corrosion potential for the steel brushed panels. This is probably due to a corrosion protection effect by the rust present on the surface of these samples.

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Enerhaug, Jakob, Per Egil Kvaale, Marit Bjordal, John M. Drugli, and Trond Rogne. "Qualification of Welded Super 13%Cr Martensitic Stainless Steels for the ÅSgard Field." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99587.

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Abstract A test program was conducted to qualify welded super 13%Cr (S13%Cr) stainless steel for the Åsgard Field, a mildly sour service. The test program involved girth welding, optimization of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) cycles, assessment of mechanical properties, examination of low cycle fatigue testing, and different corrosion testing and evaluation of S13%Cr steels from three different steel mills. The alloy with 0.015%C max, 11.9%Cr min, 2.4%Mo min and 6.0%Ni min, has been qualified for use as flowline material in the actual field. The results show acceptable weldability and corrosion properties. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of the welds improved the resistance against sulfide stress corrosion cracking.

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Miyasaka, Akihiro, and Hiroyuki Ogawa. "Application of Scanning Tunneling Microscope for in Situ Observation of Stainless Steel Surface in Aqueous Solutions." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90139.

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Abstract The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was applied to the observation of engineering metal surfaces in air and in aqueous solutions. It was found that STM could operate in these conditions on industrial metals such as stainless steels. STM images obtained in air and an aqueous solution were in good agreement with a high magnification scanning electron micrograph. High resolution images on the nanometer scale could be obtained in brine using STM. These results indicate the promising application of STM to corrosion research.

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Grabowski, Jeff, Jason Sebastian, Kerem Taskin, Clay Houser, Aziz Asphahani, and Dave Snyder. "Design, Development, and Qualification of Computationally Designed Alloys." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9643.

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QuesTek Innovations LLC has applied its Materials by Design® computational design technology and its Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME)-based methods to successfully design, develop and implement two new high-performance gear steels (Ferrium® C61™ and Ferrium C64® steels) and two new high-performance structural steels (Ferrium S53® and Ferrium M54® steels) that are commercially available from Carpenter Technology. All four Ferrium alloys have been approved for use in demanding flight critical rotorcraft applications and have been awarded SAE AMS numbers for procurement. QuesTek has also designed several other high performance alloys using ICME technologies, including a stainless nitridable bearing and gear steel, a new high strength/high SCC-resistant aluminum alloys (upgrade from 7050 and 7075 aluminum), a beryllium-free Cu-Ni alloy, a castable titanium alloy, and a high strength/high toughness castable stainless steel.

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Yoffe, Pavel. "Sulphur Containing Sediments Influenced Wear of Superheater Tubes." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96534.

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Abstract The failed superheater tube was investigated at the point of failure and at a distance of 25 cm. At both of the cross sections two layers of sediment were detected. The external one contained Na2SO4 and Na3VO3 in concentration relation 6.4:1 approximately. The “internal” layer that situated on the tube surface consisted of V2O3 mainly (about 70%) and sodium pyrosulphates Na2SO3•×SO3. The tube surface was covered with usual “passive” oxides such as Cr2O3, Fe2CrO4, and magnetite. In the failed section the last layer contained iron and chromium sulfides. Thinning of the wall was detected in both sections, but it was more evident in the failed section. Thermodynamic and kinetic estimations of the results were carried out. The following failure mechanism was proposed: At 460°C the pyrosulphate dissociates with SO3 emanation. During SO3 interaction with steel both passive oxides and iron sulfide are produced simultaneously. Sulfides damage the passive (protective) film.In vicinity of partition the temperature increases and the structure of steel is changed. SO3 penetration along grain boundaries is possible, and it leads to embrittlement of the steel through sulphidization.The embrittled layer is stripped off by falling ash deposit and collapsed passive film. Thinning of the tube is accelerated at such a region. So, sulfur containing sediment accelerates the wear of the tube. This acceleration is strong especially in the vicinity of the boiler walls.

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Wilds, Neil. "Surface Tolerant Coatings for Onshore Maintenance." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03013.

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Abstract Over the years there has been considerable discussion and confusion regarding so-called “surface tolerant paints”. Claims made for substrate tolerance and performance vary widely and thus a program of work was undertaken to evaluate hydrocarbon modified epoxies, and flexibilized epoxies, on various substrates from St2 hand prepared heavily corroded pitted steel, to re-oxidized Sa½ blasted steel and Sa½ blasted steel, as well as aged thermoplastic coatings.

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Place, Morris, and John W. Kochera. "High Pressure Gate Valve Failure." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95091.

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Abstract A 410 stainless steel valve was tested near the material yield strength at low H2S partial pressures at the STF (Static Test Facility) in Mississippi. The valve body failed by crack growth and body wall leakage while under test.

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Brekan, Jonathan, Nicholas Smith, and Kristi Lanzo. "Understanding the Usefulness of German Test Method TL 8135-002 for Various Steel Alloys." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19169.

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Abstract Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) packaging has wide acceptance in the logistics world as an effective means for the protection of metal fabricated parts during shipping and storage. End users still rely on standard jar tests (Mil-Std VIA, TL8135-002, -034 and NACE TM0208-2018) to evaluate their supplier paper and film products. These tests are highly specific to apparatus design and operating conditions. None more important than test specimen alloy type. The narrow scope of these tests makes it difficult to determine if a VCI material will protect a customer's alloy. Herein, we discuss the behavior of various alloys of steel in the German Test Standard TL8135-002.

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Walker, Cameron, Randy Moore, and David Walker. "Implications of NSF Std. 61 Changes and an Asset Management-Based Data Driven Protocol for Potable Water Coatings Selection." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18026.

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Abstract The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) has recently revised the NSF/ANSI/CAN Std. 61 “Drinking Water System Components –Health Effects Standard” resulting in the creation of a new standard, NSF/ANSI/CAN Std. 600 “Health Effects Evaluation and Criteria for Chemicals in Drinking Water”. This results in changes in potable water asset owners’ options for protective coating systems. As well, in June 2021 AWWA published a new revision of the AWWA D102-21 Coating Steel Water-Storage Tanks. Many owners fail to realize a protective coatings system is itself an asset, and asset management principles should be applied to the selection of a protective coating system. This paper will review the changes in the NSF Std 61 and the implications for the coating systems. The coating systems for steel potable water storage tanks listed in the new AWWA D102-21 will be reviewed. The presentation will explain how asset management’s goals centred on life cycle costing will yield the longest service life, lowest life cycle cost and the most sustainable solution. An asset management-based data driven protocol is presented using a recent survey of case histories in North America, ASTM test data with a review of published papers offering service life estimates. Suggestions will be offered on procurement practices and specifications to ensure purchasing goals are aligned with sustainable solutions.

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Olsen, Stein, Linda Børvik, Gisle Rørvik, and Egil Aune. "Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement from Cathodic Protection on Supermartensitic Stainless Steels." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01091.

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Abstract Testing is done to evaluate the risk for HE due to CP on weldments of S13%Cr steel made with a matching filler material. For the as welded specimens, cracking occurred with CL specimens, while after PWHT at 620°C, no specimens failed. All cracks initiated in the weld metal. Improved weldments made by other welding techniques may lead to better results. There is a need in the industry to develop methodologies and procedures for relevant testing for the risk of HE from CP for stainless steel materials. It is important to better reproduce the actual stress and strain behaviour and take into account both that components may be coated and that H2S may be present in the mud.

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Reports on the topic "St3 steel"

Haas, Bradley J. Steel Ammunition Bins, MIL-STD-l66O Tests. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada310100.

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Josephson, Ryan. Development of Ferrium S53 High-Strength, Corrosion-Resistant Steel. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606996.

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Boone, Jonathan, Nathan Swain, Gage Larsen, and Michael Souffront. STE Environmental Manager (STEEM) demonstration web application. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38201.

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Berger, Rutherford C. Foundational Principles in the Development of AdH-SW3, the Three-Dimensional Shallow Water Hydrodynamics and Transport Module within the Adaptive Hydraulics/Hydrology Model. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44560.

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This report details the design and development of the three-dimensional shallow water hydrodynamics formulation within the Adaptive Hydraulics/Hydrology model (AdH-SW3) for simulation of flow and transport in rivers, estuaries, reservoirs, and other similar hydrologic environments. The report is intended to communicate principles of the model design for the interested and diligent user. The design relies upon several layers of consistency to produce a stable, accurate, and conservative model. The mesh design can handle rapid changes in bathymetry (e.g., steep-sided navigation channels in estuaries) and maintain accuracy in density-driven transport phenomena (e.g., thermal, or saline stratification and intrusion of salinity).

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Harris, John L. Seismic Design of Archetype Steel Buildings in Central and Eastern United States, Volume 3B – 3-story Education Building in St. Louis, Missouri Supplementary Documentation. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.21-917-48v3b.

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Harris, John L. Seismic Design of Archetype Steel Buildings in Central and Eastern United States, Volume 3A – 3-story Education Building in St. Louis, Missouri Building Designs. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.21-917-48v3a.

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Melbourne - Premises, 367 Collins St. - Construction - Collins St. front showing steel stanchions and girders in position and first floor forming - 24 May 1922. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-000319.

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African Academy Development: Strengthening Southern African Development Community (SADC) Science Academies for better service to society workshop. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2023/91.

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The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), SADC Secretariat, and Lesotho Academy for Science and Technology (LAST) jointly hosted a SADC Academies Workshop on 5 December 2022 on the sidelines of the World Science Forum 2022. The Workshop was hosted in Cape Town, South Africa at the Park Inn Hotel. The workshop objective was to facilitate the strengthening of Academies’ role in the development and utilization of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystem, as well as policy formulation and implementation. Academies from eleven SADC Member States, DSI, SADC Secretariat, and United Nations Technology Bank for Least Developed Countries (UNTB LDC) participated in the workshop. The UNTB LDC and the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC) have been instrumental partners in establishing science Academies in Angola, Lesotho, Democratic Republic of Congo and Malawi. The Angola Academy of Science (AAS), LAST, and Botswana Academy of Science as some of the recently established academies presented on respective progress to date. Progress by the newly established Academies was appreciated as successful and it was agreed that more needs to be done collaboratively to support these Academies, including joint fund raising and science advisory activities with older Academies. Additionally, it was agreed that the African Academy has to establish and strategically maintain partnerships with policy makers (government), business, civil society, and STI ecosystem if the role and value of Academies is to be strengthened. As a workshop outcome, a SADC Academies Working Group was established to steer the crafting of guidelines; the group consists of ASSAf, LAST, Academy of Sciences in Malawi, Kingdom of Eswatini Academy of Sciences, Academie Congolaise du Sciences, Zimbabwe Academy of Science, and SADC Secretariat. Additionally, UNESCO, NASAC, and UNTB LDC will be invited into the Working Group as they are key partners in operationalization of the African Academy.

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In-depth survey report: control technology for removing lead-based paint from steel structures: chemical stripping using caustic (Peel Away ST-1) at Williams Pipeline Terminal and Station, Marshall, Minnesota. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshectb18315a.

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