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1
Rakhimyanov, Andrey, Alexander Loktionov, and Nadezhda Gaar. "Technological possibilities of high-precision plasma cutting in processing materials of different class." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401011.
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Improving the technologies and equipment at a stage of the blank production in mechanical engineering greatly determines the reduction in the technological production costs. The use of modern technological complexes on cutting sheet materials provides a solution to tasks for increasing the accuracy of forming. Nowadays high-precision plasma cutting is developing. It can be considered as an alternative to the laser cutting in achieving high characteristics of the cut accuracy and quality. The paper under consideration presents the results of optimizing the processing speed for the existing schemes of high-precision plasma cutting in the range of the cut thickness from 1 mm to 30 mm for carbon steel, alloy steel and aluminum steel. The efficiency of using the technological scheme HiFocusplus for cutting such bimetallic compositions as “steel St3 + steel 12H18N10T”, “steel St3 + aluminum A5M”, “steel St3 + copper M1” is presented. It is determined that the best characteristics of the accuracy and quality of the cut are achieved in cutting the composition “steel ST3 + steel 12H18N10T” from the side of low-carbon steel. Cutting from the side of aluminum and copper respectively is optimal for such compositions as “steel St3 + aluminum A5M” and “steel St3 + copper M1”.
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Bobylev, E. E., I. D. Storozhenko, A. D. Nirov, and L. I. Svistun. "The effect of diffusion metallisation modes in low melting liquid metal solutions on the formation of Ni-Cr coatings on steels." PERSPEKTIVNYE MATERIALY 12 (2024): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2024-12-46-55.
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This paper presents the results of diffusion saturation of the steels 40Cr, 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N, 40Cr13, St3 with nickel and chromium in a Pb-Li melt of eutectic composition. The kinetics of coating formation was evaluated. It was found that on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels the coating consisted of a surface carbide layer with a microhardness of 2000 HV0.01 and a transitional solid-soluble layer. On St3 and 40Cr13 steels, the coating was formed on a solid solution basis with a microhardness of 200 HV0.01. The elemental composition of the coated materials also influenced the formation of the coating: the coatings were thickest on St3 steel and thinnest on 40Cr13 steel. The chromium content at the surface of the coatings on 40Cr and 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steels was 80 %. The maximum nickel content was found at a depth of 4 – 5 microns and was 21 % for 30Cr – Mn, Si – Ni – 2N steel and 13 % for 40Cr steel. For 40Cr13 and St3 samples, the chromium content was 8% and 14.5 % respectively. At the same time, the nickel content on the surface reached 40 %. It was found that the dependence of the coating thickness on the diffusion saturation temperature is exponential and the dependence of the thickness on time is parabolic. The maximum thickness of the coatings was obtained at a temperature of 1070 °C and an exposure time of 480 minutes. However, as the exposure time was increased, a decrease in the intensity of coating formation was observed.
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Benkovsky, Yu V., D. M. Kroitoru, V. I. Petrenko, P. N. Stoichev, E. V. Yurchenko, and A. I. Dikusar. "Interrelation of the Composition of Steel Treated by Electrospark Alloying and the Properties of Obtained Composite Surface." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 58, no. 1 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2022.58.1.01.
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Basing on the study of the elemental composition of surface composites obtained on 45, 65G, and St3 steels by electrospark alloying using processing electrode from T15K6, VK8 hard alloys, as well as 45 and St3 steels (the “steel on steel” option), it was shown that the resulting surface layers are ~70% composed of the material steel substrate modified by electro-discharge treatment. The influence of the steel composition on the coefficients of the processing electrode material transfer on the substrate, on the roughness, microhardness, and wear resistance of the resulting surfaces has been studied. It is shown that the wear resistance of the resulting composites is determined mainly by the nature of the treated surface and, to a much lesser extent, by the processing electrode material, roughness, and microhardness of the surface.
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Dong, C., and М. Kraiev. "Peculiarities of steel hardening under deformation conditions with external influence of a magnetic field." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 30, no. 1 (2024): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2024.01.040.
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The strain resistance of a metal, its intensity of hardening, directly depends on the evolution of defects in the crystal lattice. The positive influence of a magnetic field (MF) on the movement of dislocations and their interaction with stoppers (magnetoplastic effect) is known. For the practical use of MF in forging technologies, generalized data on the strengthening of metals during plastic deformation are required. The results of using a constant MF with induction up to 1,2 T in the processes of testing samples for tension and compression were studied. Tensile tests were carried out on samples of steels St3, 20, U8, 40Cr, 09Cr16Ni4Nb, X10CrNiTi18-10, copper M3 and compression tests on steels St3, 09Cr16Ni4Nb, X10CrNiTi18-10, copper M3. Curves of metal hardening during deformation are plotted in the coordinates flow stress – logarithmic strain. The flow stress is determined by the ratio of the load to the cross-sectional area of the sample valid for a given moment of testing under uniform deformation. The change in flow stress of metals is described by the power function of the Ludwik-Hollomon equation. In tension and compression of ferromagnetic steels St3, 20, 40Cr, U8 and 09Cr16Ni4Nb, the impact of MF leads to an increase in the intensity of their hardening. This is most evident in hardened or high-strength steels. But for St3 steel softened by annealing, the effect is the opposite - in MF the intensity of hardening is somewhat less. Tension in MF of paramagnetic steel X10CrNiTi18-10 showed an increase in the intensity of hardening, but compression showed its decrease. Tension and compression of M3 copper in MF occur with a slight decrease in the intensity of hardening. The experiments carried out revealed the main effect of MF at the initial stage of deformation. The hardening curves were divided into straight and parabolic sections with the hardening coefficients determined for each of them. The main effect of MT on the primary stage of linear hardening has been revealed, where a decrease in the intensity of hardening (St3, 40Cr, X10CrNiTi18-10, M3), an increase (St3 and X10CrNiTi18-10) or a reduction (St3 annealed) in the duration of this stage is observed. Keywords: magnetoplasticity, tension, compression, hardening, stress, strain.
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Rakhimyanov, Kharis, Andrey Rakhimyanov, and Mikhail Heifetz. "High-Precision Plasma Cutting of the Steel - Aluminum ”Bimetallic Composition“." Applied Mechanics and Materials 788 (August 2015): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.788.41.
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The current paper is devoted to technological improvements in high-precision plasma cutting of thin sheets on processing the steel St3 + aluminum A5M bimetallic composition. The composition obtained by explosion welding presents a compound of various materials which differ in such thermophysical characteristics as their melting point and their thermal conductivity. The principal difference in their thermophysical properties has predetermined the specific features of forming the cut edge of this bimetallic composition. Out of the variety of technologies for cutting this bimetallic composition, the Hi-Focusplustechnology intended for carbon steel processing and the Hi-Focus technology for aluminum alloys are chosen. It is established that when cutting the bimetallic composition on the side of steel grade St3, the undercut filled with the products of melted steel grade St3 is formed on the aluminum portion in using both technologies. Switching the direction of the cut from steel to aluminum results in forming a taper on the aluminum portion. In so doing, high precision and superior quality of cutting on the steel grade St3 portion are provided.
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Gulyashinov, Pavel, Undrakh Mishigdorzhiyn, and Nikolay Ulakhanov. "Influence of boriding and aluminizing processes on the structure and properties of low-carbon steels." Metal Working and Material Science 24, no. 2 (2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.2-91-101.
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Introduction. Boriding and aluminizing are among the effective methods for improving the performance properties (corrosion resistance, heat resistance and wear resistance) of machine parts and tools. Solid-phase methods of carrying out techniques of thermochemical treatment (TCT) require long-term exposure at elevated temperatures, which negatively affects the structure and properties of the base material. From these positions, the selection of reasonable temperature-time parameters of solid-phase boriding and aluminizing processes is an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of low-temperature boriding and aluminizing processes on the structure and microhardness of diffusion layers on the surface of low-carbon steels. The paper considers two grades of steels with a carbon content of up to 0.4%: low-carbon steel St3 and alloy steel 3Cr2W8V. The use of the second steel is due to the need to identify the effect of alloying elements in steel on the thickness of diffusion layers and its composition. Powder mixtures based on boron carbide and aluminum carbide are selected as sources of boron and aluminum. Results and discussions. It is found at a process temperature of 900 °C and holding for 2 hours after boriding, iron borides are formed on the surface of both steels. At the same time, two borides FeB and Fe2B are detected on St3 steel by X-ray phase analysis (XRD), and only the Fe2B phase is detected on 3Cr2W8V steel. After aluminizing, aluminum-containing phases such as Al5Fe2, Na3AlF6 and Al2O3 are formed in both steels. The thickness of the resulting diffusion layer on St3 after boriding is 35 μm, after aluminizing – 65 μm. The thickness of the diffusion layer on 3Cr2W8V steel is equal to 15 μm after boriding and 50 μm after aluminizing, which is significantly less than on carbon steel and is obviously due to the effect of alloying elements. It is established that TCT leads to a significant increase in the microhardness of the samples surface. Thus, the maximum microhardness of St3 steel increased to 2,000 HV, and the maximum microhardness of 3Cr2W8V steel increased to 1,700 HV after boriding. The microhardness after aluminizing is comparable for both steels and is equal to 1,000-1,100 HV. Elemental analysis of the upper sections of the diffusion layers shows that the content of boron (7-9%) and aluminum (50-53%) corresponds to the detected XRD iron borides and aluminides. In all cases, there is a gradual decrease in the diffusing elements in the direction from the surface to the base.
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Soldatov, A. I., A. A. Soldatov, M. A. Kostina, and O. A. Kozhemyak. "Experimental Studies of Thermoelectric Characteristics of Plastically Deformed Steels ST3, 08KP and 12H18N10T." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.310.
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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the thermoelectric characteristics of plastically deformed steels ST3, 08KP, 12H18N10T. Measurements in the area of maximum deformation of the samples were carried out. Differences in the thermoelectric characteristics of plastically deformed steels were revealed. Steel 12H18N10T has linear characteristic, and characteristics of steels ST3 and 08KP have extreme. Constant temperature between the hot and cold electrodes needs to be maintained and also the temperature of the test specimens needs to be monitored, which in the differential testing method equals to cold electrodes. Novel block diagram of a device for testing of thermos electromotive force and monitoring of the cold electrodes temperature is proposed.
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Saraev, Yu N., V. Р. Bezborodov, М. V. Perovskaya, and V. М. Semenchuk. "Modification of steel surface layer by electroslag surfacing using compounds with high melting point." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 9 (2021): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-679-684.
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The authors have studied the effect of alloying on the structure, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of electroslag surfacing layers on low-alloy structural steel 09G2S. For modification, mixtures of Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si powders obtained in the Department of Structural Macrokinetics of the Tomsk Scientific Centre SB RAS by the method of SHS synthesis, as well as powder compositions based on TiC, were used. A molten electrode was made of low-alloy steel St3, on which modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si were poured out, in the first case, and modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si, located below, in the second case. Metallography and X-ray microanalysis methods were used to determine the structure and to analyze the composition of the deposited layers, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal, on the basis of which assumptions were made about the nature of the formation of coating properties – hardness and wear resistance. It is shown that the main influence on the wear resistance is exerted by structure of the surfacing metal. There is a positive effect of modifying coatings by alloying materials with the alloys Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si + St3 and TiC + St3. In the molten layer, many new crystallization centers are released in the form of dispersed TiC particles. Dispersed TiC particles with a high melting point (3180 °C) are the first to fall out of the melt and not only serve as multiple crystallization centers, but also prevent the growth of austenitic grains, which ensures the formation of dispersed structure. The coatings contain TiC carbide particles, as well as inclusions of other phases. At the same time, an increase in hardness of the deposited layer containing titanium carbide inclusions is observed in direction of the boundary with the base. Wear resistance of the layer increases when a TiC-based coating is formed. The obtained data can be used to create deposited layers on the metal surface with high resistance against abrasive wear.
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Kuznetsov, Yu I., N. P. Andreeva, and M. O. Agafonkina. "Inhibition of metal corrosion in neutral aqueous solutions by succinic acid salts." International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 13, no. 2 (2024): 1322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2024-13-2-36.
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The adsorption, protective and passivating effect of sodium succinate and a blend of sodium alkenylsuccinates SKAP-25 on the oxidized surface of copper, copper-nickel alloy MNZh5-1 and low-carbon steel St3 in a neutral chloride solution were studied. The free adsorption energy (–ΔG0a,max) values for all studied metals suggest chemisorption interaction of these organic anion with oxidized metals surfaces: (–ΔG0a,max) for St3 60.2 kJ/mol, for copper 77.4 kJ/mol and for copper alloy 89.3 kJ/mol. Sodium succinate is able to stabilize the passive state of the MNZh5-1 alloy in a neutral chloride buffer solution. On copper, copper alloy and St3, protection against local depassivation is observed up to a certain concentration, above which the protective properties of sodium succinate decrease. Polarization measurements on the air-oxidized surface of low-carbon steel St3 showed that sodium succinate and SKAP-25, as well as their compositions with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), are able to reduce anodic dissolution currents and increase the local depassivation potential. Corrosion tests of St3 in a 0.01 M NaCl solution proved the advantage of using the composition of SKAP-25 with 2-MBT (7.1:1) in comparison with the individual compound: the degree of protection of St3 at Cinh=7 mmol/L is 99%, and sodium succinate+SKAP-25 (1:1) at Cinh=7 mmol/L is Z=93%.
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Scherbakov, A. P. "Material and method selection for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines components." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 4 (2020): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-4-464-475.
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Introduction. The article examines the problem of choosing a material and method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines elements. The performance of construction machines is affected by the reliability of the parts used. The selection of materials for their manufacture allows to calculate the probability of how such elements will affect its ability to work and productivity.Materials and methods. In the process of determining the material and the method for increasing the wear resistance of construction machines, structural steels with various chemical compositions were selected: lowcarbon 08ps (as a model material), 10, 20.30, St3 and low-alloy steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as high-carbon steel 65G and boron steel 30MnB5. The methods as high temperature annealing, normalization, injection and high temperature release, thermocyclic processing, cold plastic deformation, thermocyclic processing of steels after cold plastic deformation were used.Results. During the experiment, it was found that both for low-carbon 08ps, 10, 20, 30, St3, and for low-alloy structural steels 09G2S and 10HSND, as well as for high-carbon steel 65G and for boron-containing steel 30MnB5, an increase in the number of TCT cycles (thermal cycling) leads to an increase in the strength properties of the metal. With an increase in the number of cycles over 3-6, the increase in strength properties slows down significantly. Conclusion. In contrast to heat treatment, TCO allows to identify the positive effect of alloying on strength and plastic properties to a greater extent. At the same time, significantly increasing the strength and plasticity, it is possible to obtain previously unattainable values of the work of destruction of alloy steels in the process of various types of loading. Accordingly, the preliminary preparation of steel for the production of individual elements of machines and mechanisms will increase their strength and wear resistance.
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Grishina, Elena P., Nadezhda O. Kudryakova, Aleksandr N. Predein та Sergej V. Belyaev. "KINETICS OF CORROSION OF STEEL St3 IN PO-6СT FOAMING AGENT FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING. ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, № 1 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186101.5666.
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Foaming agents for extinguishing fires are to be stored in a concentrated form. Storage of concentrate in St3 steel containers is allowed. However, this metal can be corroded, which damages the storage tanks, and corrosion products of steel reduce the quality of the foaming agent. The kinetics of metal corrosion depends on the type of foaming agent and the temperature storage conditions. In this study, the corrosion behavior of St3 steel in commercial concentrate of the PO-6CT foam for extinguishing fires was studied by electrochemical methods (potentiometry, voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) at 27±1°С. It was found that during the testing period, which lasted for 6 weeks, the corrosion potential of steel began to undergo sharp fluctuations, but its value was generally negative than the initial value. The greatest changes in the impedance of the steel sample during the corrosion process occur in the first two weeks of contact with the corrosive medium. An equivalent circuit, which takes into account the two time constants was used to interpret the impedance data of the corrosion process which was occurred under the porous layer of corrosion products. It is shown, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) between the corrosive metal and corrosion products, the capacity of the double electrical layer (Cdl) and the electrolyte resistance in the pores of the corrosion products layer (Rpo) highly increase during this period. Subsequently, the Rct is decreased and stabilized at a level 3 times lower than the original value. The properties of the metal/electrolyte interface were stabilized, but the Cdl value and the Rpo values are increased by 5 times and by 10 times, respectively. This indicates a high degree of the surface rust and a stable state of the corrosion products layer. Polarization studies have shown that the anodic and cathodic polarization curves have a Tafel slope equals to 0.147 V and 0.187 V, respectively. This is due to the presence of an oxide-hydroxide film on the electrode surface. The calculated value of the mass index of corrosion rate is 2.46×10-8 kg×m-2×s-1. Thus, the experiment showed that the St3 corrosion proceeds with activation control of the process rate. The corrosive behavior of St3 in the PO-6CT foaming agent for fire extinguishing is a consequence of the physicochemical features of this system. Primary corrosion products of steel St3 (Fe+2 ions) can be readily oxidized to Fe+3 by dissolved oxygen of air, and Fe+3 ions undergo hydrolysis, which leads to an increase in the acidity of the foaming agent and, correspondingly, an increase in its corrosive activity.Forcitation:Grishina E.P., Kudryakova N.O., Predein A.N., Belyaev S.V. Kinetics of corrosion of steel St3 in PO-6СT foaming agent for fire extinguishing. electrochemical investigation. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N1. P. 30-36
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Bobylyov, Eduard, Ivan Storojenko, Anastas Matorin, and Viacheslav Marchenko. "Features of the formation of Ni-Cr coatings obtained by diffusion alloying from low-melting liquid metal solutions." Metal Working and Material Science 25, no. 4 (2023): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.4-232-243.
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Introduction. The main ways to increase steel parts properties are considered. The rationale for choosing Ni and Cr as the main components of the coating is given. The technology of diffusion alloying from low-melting liquid metal solutions (DALMMS) is given. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the coatings formation with simultaneous diffusion saturation of nickel and chromium structural steels using the DALMMS technology. Methodology. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 30 mm were subjected to DALMMS. The specimens were manufactured of the following structural steels: carbon steel St3, alloyed carbon steels 40Cr, 40Cr13, and extrafine steel 30CrMnSiNi2. As a technological medium with DALLMS (transport melt), a Pb-Li eutectic melt with the specified content of Ni and Cr was used. Metallographic studies were carried out on microsections prepared according to the standard methodology. Studies to determine the thickness of coatings and its structure were carried out on the Dura Scan Falcon 500 microhardness tester. The elemental composition of the coatings was determined by the method of X-ray microanalysis on a Tescan Lyra 3 scanning electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system. Results and discuss. It is revealed that the formation of diffusive Ni-Cr coatings occurs with DALMMS. With DALMMS of structural steels contained carbon in cementite form two-layers coatings are formed: surface carbide layer and transition solid-soluble one. At the same time, the chromium content in the surface layers reaches 80 % with a nickel content of 1.5 %. The maximum Ni concentration is observed in the transition layer and amounts to 21 % at a depth of 5 µm on steel 30CrMnSiNi2 and 13 % at a depth of 4.5 µm for steel 40Cr. Carrying out the DALMMS on steels containing carbon in the form of chromium carbides, or containing carbon in small amounts, leads to the formation of single-layer coatings based on solid solutions. The Ni content in the coating reaches 40 %, the chromium content for steel St3 is 14.5 %; for steel 40Cr13 it was 9 %.
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Sokolov, Alexandr, Eduard Bobylyov, and Roman Popov. "Diffusion coatings formation features, obtained by complex chemical-thermal treatment on the structural steels." Metal Working and Material Science 25, no. 1 (2023): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.1-98-109.
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Introduction. The main methods of increasing the efficiency of products made from structural steels are considered. A description of diffusion saturation from liquid metal media solutions (DSLMMS) is given. Also, complex diffusion saturation technology (CDS), including DSLMMS and carburization is shown. The purpose of the work is to reveal the effect of steel composition on the process of formation and elemental composition of diffusion-saturated surface layers (coatings) based on chromium, as well as to establish differences and regularities in the processes of formation of diffusion-saturated coatings after DSLMMS and CDS. The methods of investigation. Cylindrical specimens 20 mm in diameter and 30 mm long were subjected to DSLMMS. The specimens were made of carbon and alloyed steels: St3, 20-Cr13, 40-Cr, 40-Cr13, 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti. At the same time, some of the specimens were previously subjected to vacuum cementation. An eutectic Pb-Bi with the specified content of Cr was used as a transport medium when executing DSLMMS. Metallographic studies were carried out on microsection prepared according to the standard method. Studies to determine the thickness of coatings and its structure were carried out on the Dura Scan Falcon 500 Microhardness Tester. The elemental composition of the coatings was determined by the method of electron microprobe analysis on a Tescan Lyra 3 scanning electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the formation of saturated coatings occurs with DSLMMS and CDS. At the same time, the thickness of the coatings and its elemental composition depend on the steel grade and the technology used. After DSLMMS concentration of Cr varies from 96.9% to 91.1%. At the same time, the maximum concentration of 96.9% is observed on steel St3. After CDS, on the surfaces of all steel samples, the concentration of Cr decreases in comparison with the coatings obtained by the DSLMMS technology on steels: St3 from 96.9% to 66.8%; 40-Cr from 91.1% to 63.18%; 20-Cr13 from 93.18% to 62.54%; 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti from 92.92% to 64.77%. The total thickness of diffusion-saturated coatings formed on all the alloys studied ranges from 17 to 17.5 µm.
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Tahirli, H. M., S. C. Verdiev, S. А. Mammadova, et al. "CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN THE WATER BASINS OF SHEMKIR AND YENIKEND HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS." Chemical Problems 21, no. 4 (2023): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2023-4-379-387.
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Using gravimetric and electrochemical research methods, the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of carbon steel grade St3 in Kura river water has been. Gravimetric measurements were carried out under operating conditions of the Shemkir and Yenikend hydroelectric power stations for one year. Along with this, the ionic and bacteriological composition, as well as some physicochemical parameters of these waters were established. It revealed that St3 in the Kura water corrodes at a rate of (0.04÷0.05) g/m2•hour, which is characteristic of steel corrosion in fresh waters. In the atmosphere of hydraulic structures, steel corrodes at rather a low rate, i.e. (5÷6)10-3 g/m2 hour. As a result of biochemical analysis, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were discovered in these waters, which are a dangerous organism that releases the corrosive substance of H2S. By taking the anodic and cathodic polarization curves, a quasi-stationary steel corrosion rate was established to be 0.06g/m2 h.
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Осадчук, С. А., Л. И. Ныркова та Ю. Ф. Фатеев. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ КАТОДНЫХ И АНОДНЫХ РЕАКЦИЙ НА УГЛЕРОДИСТОЙ СТАЛИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГЛУБИНЫ ПОГРУЖЕНИЯ В НЕЙТРАЛЬНЫЙ РАСТВОР". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 138, № 5 (2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.5.10.
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The investigation of the depth immersion of the specimens on corrosion rate of steel St3 in 3 % NaCl solution. Simulation of atmospheric corrosion (humid and wet) was performed by immersing of a steel sample by the size of (50×10×2) mm in a neutral solution of 3% NaCl at different depths. By leading the lower boundary of the working surface of the sample to the level of the solution (about 0 mm), humid corrosion was simulated, submerged to a depth of 2 mm (up to the upper boundary), wet corrosion, and 10 mm from the upper boundary - the electrolyte volume. The developed method allowed to carry out electrochemical researches by the method of polarization curves. The polarization curves were measured in the potentiodynamic mode with the potential scanning rate of 5∙10-4 V/s .The working electrode was a sample of steel St3 by the size (10×50×2) mm. A work surface (10×2) mm was separated on the sample, the rest of the surface was isolated with a non-conductive varnish. The results of the investigation of the effect of depth immersion of samples into electrolyte solution on corrosion rate of St3 steel are presented. The conditions of “humid” and “wet” atmospheric corrosion of the metal were simulated by the immersion of samples on a depth from 0 to 10 mm into 3% sodium chloride solution. It was found, that on the base on determination of the rate of particular electrode reactions occurring on the electrode at various depths of its immersion into the solution, the corrosion rate of steel St3 was determined by the value of the limiting diffusion current.It was shown that the value of limiting current increases from 0.51 to 2 A/m2 with decreasing of the film thickness. It has been established that the cathodic process rate depends both on the concentration of oxygen in the layers of the solution, which are at different distances from the solution/air boundary, and on the speed of its diffusion to the metal surface. Because the method of polarization resistance allows to measure the currents smaller than the currents of oxygen reduction in thin films of the solution, it can be used to estimate the rate of atmospheric corrosion of steel. Based on simulation of humid and wet atmospheric corrosion the effect of immersion depth of the specimens on the cathodic reaction rate of steel St3 in 3 % NaCl solution was established. The cathodic current density (limit diffusion current) is raised from 0,51 to 2 A/m2 under decreasing of immersion depth. The suggested method of simulation of atmospheric corrosion may be used for electrochemical investigations in thin films of moisture of different thickness which are form on the metals and sensors surfaces. The possibility of application of polarization resistance method for atmospheric conditions was presented.
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Belomyttsev, M. Yu, and S. V. Mordashov. "REGULARITIES OF SHORT-TERM CREEP OF St3 STEEL." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 58, no. 11 (2016): 798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2015-11-798-802.
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Kapral, Yu P., Yu I. Ozymok, M. R. Burdyak та B. I. Palyuh. "ЗМІЦНЮВАННЯ КОНСТРУКЦІЙНОЇ СТАЛІ Ст3 МЕТОДОМ ВИСОКОШВИДКІСНОГО ТЕРТЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ВУГЛЕЦЮ". Forestry, Forest, Paper and Woodworking Industry 45 (30 грудня 2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36930/42194503.
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Effectiveness researches of strengthening of structural steel St3 by high-speed friction method in the technological environment of carbon have been conducted. The billets of round chopping made of St3 steel were strengthened by the method of high-speed friction at the variable mode factors: the feed speed of the billets and the pressing force of the disk to the billet. The researches were conducted in the technological environment of carbon and air. Physico-mechanical characteristics of the obtained layers were measured after strengthening. According to the results of the research the microhardness of the layer at depths up to 150μm was found to be significantly higher in the the technological environment of carbon than in the environment of air on all modes. At the further distance from the upside microhardness is approximately the same during strengthening in both modes. Such increase in microhardness can be explained by the fact that the upside layers of the metal are melted and saturated with carbon because of the significant heat release from friction. Steel microhardness increases due to the tempering while carbon concentration increases in steel. At the depth 50μm from the upside due to the strengthening in the technological environment of carbon microhardness increases by 13…25% depending on strengthening modes. In case of strengthening in the technological environment of air the microhardness of upside layers (up to 150 μm) is lower than maximum microhardness. Comparing the results of different modes strengthening was found that the highest physico-mechanical indicators of strengthened layer on the steel St3 billets can be obtained under the following strengthening modes: pressing force of the disk to the billet – 800H; the feed speed of the billets – 0,5 m/min. Maximum microhardness is about 8,5 GPa at the depth of 200μm during such strengthening modes. Microhardness is about 8 GPa at the depth of 200…550μm and is begining to decrease till starting microhardness at the depth of 550μm to 850μm. The billets in the form of a tube made of St3 steel are used for production of band-sawing machine directors. Comparing the obtained results and the results of the activity [1] it is proved that for the production of band-saw machine directors it is efficient to use full-bodied tubes because the side thickness of the hollow tube is not sufficient for heat dissipation and effective use of the self-hardening effect.
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Avdeev, Yaroslav G., Tatyana A. Nenasheva, Andrey Yu Luchkin, Andrey I. Marshakov, and Yurii I. Kuznetsov. "Complex Protection of Some Steels in Sulfuric Acid Solutions by 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives." Materials 17, no. 19 (2024): 4728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194728.
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The corrosion behavior of steels of various grades in sulfuric acid solutions with the addition of nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitors has been studied. Compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole moiety effectively protect low-carbon (St3, St20, 08PS), high-strength (70S2KhA), and stainless steels (1Kh18N9T) not only from corrosion but also from the hydrogen penetration into the metals in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions. In some cases, the degree of steel protection from corrosion by these compounds exceeded 99%. The possibility of creating mixed inhibitors for steel protection containing triazole derivatives and KI has been shown. The rate constants for the main steps of cathodic evolution and hydrogen penetration into steel in sulfuric acid solutions have been determined, and the subsurface concentrations of hydrogen in the metals have been calculated. Triazole derivatives were found to act as inhibitors of hydrogen absorption by steel in H2SO4 solution. The degree of protection of steel from hydrogen absorption can reach 97%. It has been shown that triazole derivatives act as complex inhibitors of steel corrosion in sulfuric acid solutions because, along with strong inhibition of metal corrosion, they prevent hydrogen absorption by steel.
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Borisova, Maria, Sofia P. Yakovleva, and Afanasiy M. Ivanov. "Equal Channel Angular Pressing, its Effect on Structure and Properties of the Constructional Steel St3." Solid State Phenomena 114 (July 2006): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.114.97.
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The steel St3 was processed by equal channel angular pressing. The structure and properties of the steel after two ECAP passes were determined. The different routes (Bc and C) resulted in different microstructure evolution during the equal channel angular pressing. It has been shown that equal channel angular pressing is a very suitable method for produce materials with good mechanical properties.
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Gurbanov, Huseyn R., and Mehpara B. Adigezalova. "New multifunctional corrosion inhibitor of steel in formation water with oil containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2023): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-151-6-68-75.
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Gravimetric methods were initially employed to examine the influence of inhibitor IB-1 on the corrosion rate of steel in formation water with oil, which contained hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and a combination of both. In order to assess the effectiveness of inhibitor IB-1, laboratory tests were conducted using samples of steel of grade St3. Corrosion experiments were conducted within sealed containers with a volume of 0.5 liters, using samples sized 30201 mm. The effectiveness of the IB-1 inhibitor in formation water with oil, containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous presence of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, exhibited a variation within the ranges of 88.3% to 98.0%, 72.4% to 92.7%, and 60.22% to 94.83%, respectively. The laboratory investigations allowed for the determination of the optimal concentration of inhibitor IB-1 to inhibit the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and protect steel of grade St3 from corrosion induced by hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and the concurrent presence of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.
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Gurbanov, Guseyn R., Saida M. Pashaeva, and Mekhpara B. Adygezalova. "STUDY OF UNIVERSAL COMBINED INHIBITOR FOR OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 10 (2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206310.6063.
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Using the gravimetric method, the inhibitory efficiency of the combined inhibitor with respect to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of St3 steel in model-produced water MI was studied. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0.5 l sealed vessels on St3 samples of size 30×20×1. Gossypol resin + MARZA was used as a multifunctional combined inhibitor. Diesel fuel and kerosene were used as solvent. It has been established that the protective effect of using a multifunctional combined inhibitor in formation water with oil containing hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide using kerosene as a solvent ranges from 75 to 96 and for diesel as 80 to 100. The combined inhibitor allows to achieve in the MI medium containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the process of daily testing the corrosion rate of steel is about 0.04 g/ m2∙h only in a concentration of not less than 70 mg/l. However, with an increase in the duration of the test by an order of magnitude, a similar corrosion rate is observed already at an inhibitor concentration of 50 mg/l. The same is characteristic of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide - carbon dioxide solutions. The bactericidal properties of the combined inhibitor with respect to two types of Desulfovibriodesulfuricans and Desulfomicrobium sulfate-reducing bacteria were studied. The effect of the inhibitor on the number of bacterial cells and the formation of hydrogen sulfide in Postgate nutrient medium “B” was evaluated. It has been shown that the combined inhibitor exhibits a bacteriostatic effect on to sulphate-reducing bacteria. It was revealed that the degree of suppression of the number of microorganisms Desulfovibriodesulfuricans at a concentration of the combined inhibitor 100.0 mg/l is higher than Desulfomicrobium. In the latter case, to achieve this effect, 120.0 mg/l concentration of the combined inhibitor is required. The studied combination inhibitor causes inhibition of hydrogen diffusion in steel St3 in the MI medium saturated with H2S and CO2 separately and together, and contributes to preserving the ductile properties of the steel St3 after exposure to solutions compared to non-inhibited media.
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Rumyantseva, Varvara, and Viktoriya Konovalova. "The Reinforced Concrete Reinforcement Corrosion Degradation Inhibition with Nitrates of Alkali and Alki-Earth Metals." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.72.
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In order to determine the inhibitory additives concentration influence degree on the corrosion degradation rate, we studied the anode behavior of steel reinforcement made of steel grade St3 in a 10% solution NaCl with and without the inhibitors additives of various concentrations. As inhibitory additives, nitrates of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and zinc were introduced into the aggressive environment, since they are often introduced into concrete compositions to accelerate their hardening. Polarization curves have been obtained for steel reinforcement in an aggressive environment, allowing the corrosion rate calculation. It was established that the introduction of potassium and zinc nitrates in an amount of 0.5% into an aggressive environment has the greatest effect on the corrosion processes’ inhibition. When nitrates of alkali and alkali-earth metals are introduced into an aggressive environment, the change in the reinforcing bars mass made of St3 steel occurs 7-8 times slower. Increasing the concentration to 1 and 1.5% is shown to be impractical, due to the small difference in the effect on the reinforcing steel anodic dissolution. A study on the effect of combining inhibitory additives on the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in a 10% solution NaCl was made. It was found that the combined action of inhibitors is less effective than the single effect of additives on the corrosion rate.
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Nadezhkin, Mikhail V., Dina V. Orlova, Svetlana A. Barannikova, and Lev B. Zuev. "Plastic Strain Localization in Steel Composites Produced via Additive Manufacturing." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jc90fe.
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In this work we report the kinetics of plasticity of St3 low-carbon steel-based composite alloy prepared via vacuum electron beam cladding of 09G2S steel wire. The digital image correlation method revealed the existence of macroscopic localization of plastic flow at the yield plateau and parabolic hardening stage. The kinetic characteristics of localized plasticity domains were measured in various composite layers, as well.
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KOROLEV, M. P., E. V. KUZ’MIN, S. V. KUZ’MIN, and V. I. LYSAK. "EXPLOSION WELDING OF STEEL WITH AMG6 USING AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER OF AMG6." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 11(294) (November 2024): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2024-11-294-25-29.
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A major issue when explosively welding steel with aluminum-magnesium alloy is the formation of molten areas at the joint interface, as intermetallic compounds form in these areas, reducing the strength of the joints. A possible solution to this problem could be to select welding conditions that ensure the formation of joints without a molten layer at the interface. This work examines the possibility of using an aluminum alloy interlayer to reduce the number of molten areas at the boundary of dissimilar materials and to increase the strength of the joints between St3 and AMg6. During the experiment, a joint was obtained between St3 and AMg6 through an AMg6 interlayer, which exhibited a minimal amount of molten areas and had a strength in the range of 70-135 MPa.
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Kuz'min, V. I., Vladimir I. Lysak та Evgeniy V. Kuz’min. "A Study of the Influence of Thickness of Anti-Diffusion Layer on the Structure and Thermal Resistance of Composite А5-Cr-St3". Solid State Phenomena 299 (січень 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.137.
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The paper presents the results of research on the creation of heat-resistant composite A5-Cr-St3 with diffusion barrier. It considers the influence of the thickness of the chromium layer and the kinematic parameters of the structure and thermal steel-aluminum composite.
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Burkov, A. A., and M. A. Kulik. "Electrospark deposition of Fe–Cr–Cu coatings on St3 steel." Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings 17, no. 4 (2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2023-4-51-58.
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It is well-known that chromium in metallic compositions forms dense passivating films that slow down corrosion. The new Fe–Cr–Cu coating was applied on St3 steel through electrospark deposition in an anode mixture consisting of copper and titanium granules, with the addition of chromium powder ranging from 4.85 to 13.26 wt. %. The weight gain of the cathode increased nearly twofold with the addition of chromium powder to the anode mixture. The structure of the coatings was analyzed through X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. The phase composition of the coatings consists of ferrochrome and copper. It is demonstrated that the proposed method of electrospark processing allows for the creation of Fe–Cr–Cu coatings with an average chromium concentration ranging from 55 to 83 at. %. The average copper content in the prepared coatings varied from 5 to 16 at. %. The highest concentration of chromium was observed in the coating prepared with the addition of 13.26 wt. % Cr to the anodic mixture. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. Polarization tests have shown that applying Fe–Cr–Cu coatings to St3 steel can increase its corrosion potential by 12 to 19 % and reduce the corrosion current by 1.5 to 3.4 times. The microhardness of the coating surface ranged from 3.08 to 4.37 GPa, and the coefficient of friction ranged from 0.75 to 0.91. The maximum hardness and the lowest coefficient of friction were observed in the coating with the highest chromium content. It has been demonstrated that Fe–Cr–Cu coatings can enhance the wear resistance of the surface of St3 steel by 1.5 to 3.8 times.
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Barchukova, Alina, Sofya Vetrova, and Elena Ilyushkova. "Study of steel corrosion St3 rate in mineral fertilizer environment." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 66 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.51419/202146605.
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The study of steel corrosion rate in the environment of mineral fertilizers is an important aspect necessary to ensure the durability and reliability of agricultural machinery structures. Mineral fertilizers containing various chemical compounds have a significant effect on corrosion processes. During the experiments, corrosion rates were measured at different concentrations of mineral fertilizers. It was found that with increasing concentration of mineral fertilizers there is an increase in corrosion activity, which is due to electrochemical reactions occurring on the surface of the metal. Key words: STEEL, CORROSION RATE, CORROSION PRODUCTS, CORROSION LOSSES, AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS
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Barchukova, Alina, Sofya Vetrova, and Elena Ilyushkova. "Study of steel corrosion St3 rate in mineral fertilizer environment." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 66 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.51419/202146605eng.
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The study of steel corrosion rate in the environment of mineral fertilizers is an important aspect necessary to ensure the durability and reliability of agricultural machinery structures. Mineral fertilizers containing various chemical compounds have a significant effect on corrosion processes. During the experiments, corrosion rates were measured at different concentrations of mineral fertilizers. It was found that with increasing concentration of mineral fertilizers there is an increase in corrosion activity, which is due to electrochemical reactions occurring on the surface of the metal. Key words: STEEL, CORROSION RATE, CORROSION PRODUCTS, CORROSION LOSSES, AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS
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Menshikov, Ivan A., and Anatoliy B. Shein. "CORROSION PROTECTION OF LOW-CARBON STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA BY INHIBITORS OF SOLING SERIES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 2 (2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165902.5265.
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Results of investigation of the action of the series of inhibitors SolIng on the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of low-carbon steel St3 in acidic solutions by the weight-loss and polarization methods were presented. The influence of the inhibitors on the kinetics of the partial electrochemical reactions was determined.
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Svistun, L. I., E. E. Bobylyov, A. D. Nirov, I. D. Storozhenko, and R. A. Popov. "Influence of Pre-Carburization on the Structure and Properties of Chromium Coatings on Steels Formed by Diffusion Alloying in Liquid Metal Media Solutions." Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems, no. 2 (June 9, 2025): 170–78. https://doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2025-9-2-170-178.
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Introduction. Diffusion alloying from the medium of low-melting liquid metal solutions (DALMMS) allows us to form coatings for metal products. At the same time, the carbon content in the alloy is reduced under the carbide coating layer, which negatively affects the operation of products under contact stresses. To neutralize decarburization, as well as to obtain deep hardened layers, a complex chemical-thermal treatment (CCTT) is proposed. It means pre-carburization and subsequent DALMMS with chromium. It is important to compare the characteristics of coatings on metal samples that have undergone and have not undergone carburization. The results of such studies have not been published before. The aim of the work is to analyze the effect of pre-carburization on chromium-based diffusion coatings and the structure of the coated sample.Materials and Methods. The coatings were obtained by immersing St3 and 40X steel samples in a PbLi reaction transport medium with the addition of chromium. Some of the samples were previously subjected to vacuum carburization. The coating thickness and structure of the coated sample were determined using a universal microscope NU-2E (Carl Zeiss Jena). Electron microprobe analysis was performed on a Tescan Lyra 3 electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system. Microhardness was determined by the Dura Scan Falcon 500 microhardness tester. X-ray phase analysis (XPA) was performed on a Bruker D8 Advance Eco X-ray diffractometer.Results. Without carburization, a coating with a thickness of 12 µm was formed on the St3 steel sample, while with carburization it was 22 µm. The difference was 1.83 times. The chromium diffusion depth in the sample without carburization was 18 µm. In the sample with pre-carburization it was 34 µm. Carburization provided a significant increase in the depth of the hardened layer. Without pre-treatment, the microhardness values of the coating were recorded after DALMMS: 1400 HV0.02 for St3 and 1650 HV0.02 for 40X. After CCTT: 1500 HV0.02 for St3 and 1800 HV0.0 for 40X. However, at a depth of 10 µm, the microhardness (160 HV0.02) was lower than that of the coated material for both samples. After CCTT, the areas with reduced microhardness disappeared, and the depth of the hardened layer was 1.5 mm for St3 and 2 mm for 40X.Discussion and Conclusion. Pre-carburization helps to avoid the formation of a softened sublayer between the coating and the coated material, which is important for the performance of products under contact stresses. Consequently, chrome-coated structural steel parts can be used after carburization in conditions of abrasive corrosion and high mechanical loads. Examples of these applications include compressor equipment and oil and gas equipment.
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Boldyrev, K. A., A. V. Safonov, E. S. Abramova, N. A. Gladkikh, and D. V. Kryuchkov. "Research on the St3 Carbon Steel Corrosion in the Presence of Microorganisms Isolated from the Groundwater at the Yeniseyskiy Site." Radioactive Waste 16, no. 3 (2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2021-3-103-113.
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The paper presents the experimental study exploring the corrosion of carbon steel St3 samples in the presence of a microbiological community sampled at the Yeniseiskiy site and the microbiota of bentonite clays. Depending on the conditions, an average 3—30-fold increase in the corrosion rate of steel was observed due to the biogenic and biogenic-mediated processes. The maximum steel degradation effect was observed at a temperature of 50°C in the presence of sulfate ions under conditions being considered optimal for sulfate-reducing bacteria. The developed steel corrosion model was used to determine the activation energy of the aerobic and anaerobic corrosion process.
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Berdibekov, A. T., V. Ch Laurinas, A. V. Dolya, V. V. Gruzin, S. A. Guchenko, and A. S. Baltabekov. "Possibility of using inexpensive steel protected by deposited vacuum-arc coatings as a basis for parts and tools coating technology." Bulletin of the Karaganda University "Physics Series" 112, no. 4 (2023): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023ph4/91-95.
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The aim of the work was to identify the possibility of using under extreme conditions parts made of inexpensive steel, protected by sequentially deposited films — Cr and then simultaneously TiN + CrN, micron thickness. Steel grade St3 (Fe ~ 97%) was chosen as the basis. In our country, as in many others, this steel is not only the most common structural material with easy processing and low cost, but also produced in large volumes. The deposition of two consecutive layers of films — Cr and TiN + CrN on steel substrates was carried out using vacuum-arc technology (Arc-PVD). The measurements were carried out after the process of periodic heating of the samples to a temperature of 650 0C, followed by rapid cooling, implemented by immersing the samples in water. The main parameters of the coating were measured — wear resistance, heat resistance, microhardness. Each thermal effect lasted 20 hours, and the entire heating-cooling process was carried out 5 times. The results obtained in this work can be considered very promising for the protection of inexpensive steels.
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Bondareva, S. O., M. F. Abdullin, and T. R. Nugumanov. "Neodecanoic Acid Diamides as Inhibitors of Acid Corrosion of Low-Carbon Steel." Журнал прикладной химии, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044461823030088.
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Neodecanoic acid diamides were prepared by a simple one-step procedure involving condensation of neodecanoic acid with diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and pentaethylenehexamine. The inhibiting effect of these diamides on the corrosion of St3 low-carbon steel in 2 М H2SO4 and in 1 and 5 М HCl was studied gravimetrically. All the compounds synthesized efficiently inhibit the steel corrosion with the degree of protection at room temperature of 94–95% in 2 М H2SO4 and 96–97% in 1 М HCl.
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Rakhmyanov, Kharis, Andrey Rakhmyanov, and Anatoliy Zhuravlev. "Advantages of High-Precision Plasma Cutting for Processing Bimetallic Compositions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.294.
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The results of high-precision plasma processing of thin sheets of the steel St3–copper M1 bimetallic compositions obtained by explosion welding are reported. The optimal technological and experimental parameters have been determined and presented in the paper. The specific features of the cut edge formation on each side of the bimetallic interface are considered in detail.
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Dasheev, D. E., N. N. Smirnyagina, A. E. Lapina, and A. S. Milonov. "Thermophysical model of electron beam boriding of carbon steel St3." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1393 (November 2019): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1393/1/012079.
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Popovych, P., L. Poberezhny, O. Shevchuk, et al. "Corrosion-fatigue failure of tractor trailers metal materials in aggressive environments." Koroze a ochrana materialu 64, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2020-0007.
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AbstractThe processes of corrosion-fatigue failure of materials in contact with mineral fertilizers are insufficiently studied. As a result of joint influence of atmospheric corrosion and mechanical loads, about 70 to 80 % of machine parts get out of order, 20 to 25 % of which are failures caused by operating overload due to the strength loss because of atmospheric corrosion. A large part of metal structures of agricultural vehicles used to transport mineral fertilizers is under the direct influence of aggressive environments and dynamic loads that occur during the motion by field roads. Saturated solutions of the most aggressive working environments used in agricultural production, in particular ammonium sulphate and nitrophosphate are investigated to reduce fatigue resistance of ordinary steels groups – St3 and St5 and quality steels – 10 Steel, 15 Steel, 20 Steel, 25 Steel when loaded at all levels. The fatigue endurance limit decreases in comparison with air up to 2.02 times in a solution of ammonium sulphate, and to 2.32 times in a solution of nitrophosphate. In organic fertilizer environments, compared to distilled water, the conditional fatigue endurance limit increased to 9 %. The properties of the given materials as an inhibitor of corrosion-fatigue failure were discovered and proved.
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Barannikova, S. A., Yu V. Li, A. G. Lunev, G. V. Shlyakhova, and L. B. Zuev. "Structure and Plastic Flow Heterogeneities of the 12Kh18N9T Steel–St3 Steel Bimetal during Tension." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2018, no. 4 (2018): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602951804002x.
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А. Т. Zhakupov. "NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL GRADES OF ROLLING PRODUCTS." Science and Technology of Kazakhstan, no. 3.2024 (September 30, 2024): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/eymf5506.
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This article presents the results of coercive force dependence study of on the chemical composition and geometric parameters for the purpose of identifying the steel grade in a non-destructive manner. The paper proposes to identify the steel grade by the coercive force, using a correlation with the carbon equivalent and the diameter of the rolled product. As a result of the work, the possibility of identifying steel grades by the carbon equivalent associated with the coercive force and the diameter of the product was established. The ranges of the carbon equivalent for steels St3, 18Mn2Si and 30CrMn2Si were determined. The results of the work established that the coercive force depends on the chemical composition and geometric parameters of the controlled product. Thus, the solutions proposed in this paper are of great practical importance for industrial enterprises for the purpose of steel products prompt identification. The obtained values of the carbon equivalent derived from the proposed dependence correspond to the values of the carbon equivalent calculated according to the standard GOST R 55020-2012. This method of non-destructive determination of steel grade by carbon equivalent through magnetic parameters can be applied to products made of tool and other structural steel grades. Keywords: non-destructive testing, coercive force, carbon equivalent, regression, magnetic properties.
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Savchuk, A. V., A. I. Slobodinyuk, D. G. Slobodinyuk, and E. V. Pogorel’tsev. "THE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF ADHESIVE BONDS BASED ON EPOXY URETHAN OLIGOMERS SYNTHESIZED USING DIFFERENT DIISOCYANATES." Adhesives. Sealants. Technologias, no. 3 (2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1813-7008-2021-0-3-14-17.
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The dependence of adhesive strength of adhesive bonds of steel of grade St3 obtained using oligourethane diepoxides and short-chain aliphatic amine on the time of exposure in various chemical liquids such as water solutions of chemical reagents and oil products was considered. It was shown that the impact of the latter changes the nature of separation of adhesive bond.
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Adigezalova, M. B. "Research universal combined inhibitor for the oil and gas industry." Practice of Anticorrosive Protection 25, no. 2 (2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31615/j.corros.prot.2020.96.2-4.
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Using the gravimetric method, the inhibitory efficiency of the combined inhibitor with respect to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion of St3 steel in model produced water MI was studied. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0,5 liter sealed vessels on St3 samples of size 30х20х1. Gossypol resin + MARZA was used as a multifunctional combined inhibitor. Diesel fuel and kerosene were used as solvent. It has been established that the protective effect of using a multi-functional combined inhibitor in formation water with oil containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide using kerosene as a solvent ranges from 75 to 96 and for diesel as 80 to 100. The combined inhibitor allows to achieve in the MI medium containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in the process of daily testing the corrosion rate of steel is about 0,04 g/m2·h. only in a concentration of not less than 70 mg/l. However, with an increase in the duration of the test by an order of magnitude, a similar corrosion rate is observed already at an inhibitor concentration of 50 mg/l. The same is characteristic of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide - carbon dioxide solutions.
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Rybachuk, V. G., and V. M. Uchanin. "Coercive force of double layer ferromagnetic materials." Information extraction and processing 2021, no. 49 (2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2021.49.003.
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Peculiarities of the coercive force (CF) measuring of inhomogeneous ferromagnetic materials, in particular layered ones, are considered. The concept of effective CF of layered ferromagnetic materials is introduced. The analysis of the magnetic fluxes distribution in a double layer ferro-magnetic material during its reversal magnetization by an attachable transducer with a U-shaped core made of soft magnetic material is carried out. An analytical expression of the effective CF for such class of materials for the case of the same layers’ thickness and linear approximation of their demagnetization curves is obtained. It was found that the effective CF of a double layer ferromagnetic material is determined not only by the CF of its individual layers, but also by the values of their residual induction. Experimental verification of the obtained results was performed on experimental samples, which were collected from steel 08kp (sample # 1) and steel St3 (sample # 2) plates. Each of the samples was a stack of 6 plates each measuring 87×50×1 mm. With tight compression of the plates and complete elimination of the gaps between them, these samples can be considered as single layer ferromagnetic structures with a thickness of 6 mm. To model a double layer ferromagnetic material with the same layer thickness, sample № 3 was used. Its the upper part consisted of the three steel 08kp plates and the lower part – of the three steel St3 plates. To measure the magnetic parameters of these samples the KRM-Ts-MA type magnetic analyzer was used. The device permit to measure the CF, residual induction and other parameters of the hysteresis loops of ferromagnetic materials in the closed magnetic circuit by attachable type transducers with U-shaped core. The transducer used with the magnetic analyzer during the experiments had poles with an area of 16×32 mm and the distance between the edges of the poles: inner – 32 mm, outer – 64 mm. It is shown that the discrepancy between the calculated value of the effective CF of the double layer ferromagnetic material (sample # 3) from steel 08kp and St3 according to the obtained expression and the measurement results is about 3%. This confirms the adequacy of the proposed model of reversal magnetization of double layer ferromagnetic material and the correctness of analytical calculations.
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Gulyashinov, Pavel, Undrakh Mishigdorzhiyn, and Nikolay Ulakhanov. "Effect of Mechanical Activation of the Powder Mixture on the Structure and Properties of Boro-Aluminized Low-Carbon Steels." Metal Working and Material Science 22, no. 4 (2020): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.4-151-162.
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Introduction. Boro-aluminizing is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance properties (corrosion resistance, heat and wear resistance) of low-carbon steels. Solid-phase methods of thermochemical treatment (TCT) are carried out from saturating mixtures based on powder materials. Preliminary mechanical activation of these powders is one of the ways to improve the properties of the resulting diffusion layer. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of preliminary mechanical activation of the powder mixture on the structure and properties of the boro-aluminized layer on the surface of low-carbon steels. Methods: The paper considers the results of research on the preliminary mechanical activation of the saturating mixture in the TCT of low-carbon steels (for example, St3 and 3Kh2V8F) based on powdered boron and aluminum carbide. The results of experiments on preliminary mechanical activation of the saturating mixture are shown, and the dependence of the particle size of the initial mixture on the duration of mechanical activation is established. Samples of steels with a diffusion layer after TCT are obtained. It is found that the process temperature has a significant effect on the thickness of the layers obtained. With an increase in temperature from 950 ° C to 1050 ° C on St3 steel samples, the layer thickness increases from 120 to 150 μm, on 3Kh2V8F steel samples – 105 and 140 μm with a holding time of 2 h and 4 h, respectively. The microstructure of the obtained samples is investigated; dependence diagrams of the microhardness distribution on the depth of diffusion layers are shown. The distribution of Al over the depth of the resulting boro-aluminized layer is established. As additional studies, the saturation capacity of the mixture after a single application in the TCT process is studied. Results and discussions. The principal possibility of using mechanical activation in TCT to obtain diffusion layers with specified strength characteristics is established. An increase in the duration and temperature of TCT in mechanically activated mixtures leads to an increase in the aluminum content in the layer.
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Beloglazov, G. S., S. A. Teryusheva, and S. M. Beloglazov. "QUANTUM CHEMICAL MODELING OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF INHIBITORS OF CORROSION AND HYDROGEN ABSORPTION OF STEEL AT PRESENCE OF SRB (BASED ON 1,4-QUINONE DERIVATIVES)." Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 17, no. 2 (2017): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2011-17-2-184-189.
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The results of quantum chemical computations of isolated molecules(derivatives of 1,4-quinone) performed by using restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF)method with the aid of Gaussian94 software in 3-21G basis set, are reported.Correlation coefficients between quantum chemical characteristics (QCC) of themolecules of inhibitors of corrosion and hydrogen absorption of steel St3 andexperimentally measured efficiencies of such species as the inhibitors in SRBcontaining media, have been calculated.
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Margolin, B. Z., V. N. Fomenko, V. A. Shvetsova, F. L. Shishkov, and E. V. Yurchenko. "Plastic strain effect on cleavage microcracks propagation in probabalistic statement. Part 1. Formulation of the problem and research methods." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 3(119) (October 30, 2024): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2024-119-3-153-168.
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The first part considers the main physical and mechanical processes occurring under tension of round bars. The procedure is presented that allows one to describe the plastic strain effect on the critical brittle fracture stress in probabilistic statement. The main statements of Prometey model for prediction of fracture stress are also presented. The investigations are carried out for two materials: 2Cr–Ni–Mo–V steel used for WWER-1000 RPV in the thermally-embrittled state and low-alloyed low-strength steel of St3 grade taken as model material ruptured by cleavage up to plastic strain up to 50%.
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Reformatskaya, I. I., D. A. Petrilin, and I. I. Ashcheulova. "Corrosion-Electrochemical Studies of St3 Steel with Various Types of Processing." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2024): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-7-74-80.
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Fires at the petrochemical industry facilities cause harm to human life and health and significant economic and environmental damage. Accidents associated with ignitions at oil and petrochemical storage facilities in 2018–2022, resulted in injuries of 21 persons, and 10 fatalities; the total economic damage exceeded 1.5 billion rubles. One of the causes of fires is the spontaneous combustion of pyrophoric corrosive deposits (17 %). As a result of the reaction of the interaction of iron disulfide with oxygen in the air, pyrophoric corrosive deposits ignite. Large-scale steel equipment containing sulfurous oil is exposed during operation to corrosive and mechanical wear, risk of fires, and explosions. One of the protection methods of oil and gas equipment against corrosion and pyrophoric formations is surface treatment with paint anticorrosive coating. Modern paint coatings proved to be ineffective in ensuring anticorrosive protection of metal equipment. The main objective of the article is to study various options of metal surface treatment by electrochemical methods with the following comparison of their protective ability. The efficiency (isolating ability) of various treatments of St3 steel has been analyzed. Based on the results of electrochemical corrosive studies, chronogalvanometric curves have been built. Therefore, to determine the efficiency of the protective effect of anticorrosive paint coatings, the accelerated corrosive-electrochemical method is recommended. For the treatment of the oil equipment surface, the anticorrosive paint coating containing the following layers: inhibitor (urotropinу solution); primer (sodium polyacrylate, ethyl alcohol); and two layers of sodium polyacrylate, have been proposed to use. The application of this protective coating will ensure a fault-free mode of operation of oil equipment for more than 10 years without coating replacement. This will guarantee the safe work of employees at the petrochemical industry facilities.
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Breslavs’kyi, D. V., V. O. Metel’yov, O. K. Morachkovs’kyi, and O. A. Tatarinova. "Short-Term Creep of St3 Steel Under Low-Frequency Cyclic Loading." Strength of Materials 51, no. 5 (2019): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11223-019-00124-2.
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Burkov, A. A., and A. Yu Butsura. "Influence of the Surface Quality of Substrates during Electrospark Deposition." Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov 59, no. 6 (2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52577/eom.2023.59.6.18.
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The deposition of protective coatings can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and tribotechnical behavior of the surface of metal parts. Surface preparation before a coating deposition increases the cost per unit area of coating. Substrates were prepared from steel St3 with the sur-face roughness Ra from 0.01 to 0.597 µm, as well as with a rust layer, and the electrospark deposition (ESD) of a Cr-Fe-Cu coating was carried out. The conducted studies lead to the conclusion that the initial surface roughness of St3 steel in the Ra range from 0.01 to 0.597 µm does not affect the material deposition nature during ESD and the structure of the deposited coatings. This is unambiguously confirmed by the data on oxidation resistance and tribological behavior of coatings. With this in mind, it can be concluded that the method of ESD with a non-localized electrode with the addition of chromium powder provides high reproducibility of the deposited coatings. ESD can clean the rust layer to some extent, but it is not possible to completely get rid of it, and large pores are present in the formed coating. This was reflected in a significant decrease in the oxidation resistance and the wear resistance of the coatings.
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Yakovleva, A. A., S. V. Sadlovsky, N. I. Vostrikova, and V. V. Khalbaev. "Characteristics of latex coatings for steel protection against corrosion." iPolytech Journal 26, no. 4 (2023): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2022-4-709-713.
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This paper examines the kinetics of corrosion for steel St3 samples covered with a latex coating 69B–2k, manufactured by Kapitel LLC (Irkutsk), by analysing gravimetric tests performed using steel samples. A 3 wt % solution of sodium chloride was used as an electrolyte. The accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed by carrying out at least two parallel experiments. Prior to coating, the metal surface of samples was carefully prepared as per GOST R 9.907-2007. Film coatings were applied onto the metal surface by threefold dipping of samples in liquid latex followed by drying within 24 hours. The quality of the coating prior to and following the experiments was assessed visually and by microphotography. Gravimetric studies were carried out under temperature control (25 ± 0.2°C) in the working area. At the same time, changes in the sample mass were recorded over a controlled time interval (from 1 to 24 hours). The results of weighing samples obtained prior to and following the experiments were analysed using a kinetic flowchart, in which the type of reaction is defined in stages in a natural sequence. Kinetic analysis of the gravimetric results confirmed the absence of characteristic signs associated with chemical interactions on the surface of steel St3 coated with latex 69B-2k. Out of the known mathematical models of phenomenological kinetics, it is admissible to use a first-order equation to describe the course of a simple reaction during heterogeneous interaction, where the penetration of reagents through a latex film comprises a limiting stage. The kinetic analysis showed that it is necessary to study the properties of latex films; a strategy for further corrosion studies was determined.
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SHMORGUN, V. G., O. V. SLAUTIN, V. P. KULEVICH, S. A. KUZNETSOV, and M. D. ROMANENKO. "STUDY OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF COATINGS BASED ON IRON ALUMINIDES FORMED ON STEEL SURFACES." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 6(289) (June 2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2024-6-289-24-29.
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It has been shown that in FeAl/Fe3Al/Fe(Al) coatings formed on a steel base using explosion welding and subsequent heat treatment, the main failure mechanism is cohesive. Peeling and chipping of coatings occurs only under heavy loads or in case of weak adhesion. It has been established that the hardness of a layered FeAl/Fe3Al/Fe(Al) coating with a thickness of 440 μm increases from the substrate to the surface, reaches a maximum at a distance of 200 μm from the surface, and then decreases due to an increase in porosity. Its relative wear resistance is ~1.5 times higher than the St3 steel base.
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Linh, Cao Nhat, Dmitry S. Shevtsov, Nguyen Van Chi, et al. "Evaluation of the efficiency of coconut dust extract as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete by mass spectrometry." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы 23, no. 5 (2023): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2023.23/11725.
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Ethanol extraction was employed to isolate a range of compounds from waste products derived from coconut fiber production (coconut dust) in Ben Tre, Vietnam. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, flobatannins, and anthraquinones among the extracted substances. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis supported the identification of oxygen and nitrogen atoms within functional groups (e.g., O–H, N–H, C–O) and aromatic rings, characteristic of typical corrosion inhibitors. Mass spectrometry investigations indicated that when St3 steel was exposed to an alkaline solution lacking chlorides, a passive film composed of FeOOH formed on the surface. However, upon the addition of NaCl at a concentration of 1.00 mol/dm3, FeCl, FeCl2Cl–, and FeCl3Cl– compounds were detected across the analyzed surface, while peaks corresponding to FeOO– were absent. Remarkably, areas with the highest concentration of particles corresponded to regions exhibiting visible corrosion damage under magnification. The addition of 2.00 g/dm3 of coconut dust extract to the chloride solution prevents the formation of Fe and Cl compounds on the steel surface. Consequently, only peaks characteristic of FeOO– and organic fragments containing oxygen atoms from the extract were observed. Based on these results, it can be assumed that coconut dust extract has the potential to inhibit local (pitting) corrosion of low-carbon steel (St3) when exposed to aqueous alkaline solutions simulating concrete pore liquid containing chlorides. The addition of 2.00 g/dm3 of the extract has been shown to prevent pitting formation at a chloride concentration of 1.00 mol/dm3. Conversely, in the absence of the extract, visible local corrosion damage was observed upon magnification. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of the protective properties of coconut dust extract as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in concrete environments containing chlorides.