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Journal articles on the topic 'Stabilised Soil Products'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Sithole, Thandiwe. "Elevated Temperature Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag Stabilisation of Desilicated Foundry Sand." Key Engineering Materials 953 (August 25, 2023): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-onlwu9.

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This study presents the use of Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOFS) as a stabilizer for disilicated waste foundry (DWF) sand and therefore provides an opportunity for high-volume use of waste material for low-cost, low-volume building and construction material. DWF was stabilized with BOFS to 40 %. The effect of composite moisture content, BOFS content, curing time and curing temperature was studied. A 50:50 DWF: BOFS composite cured at 80 °C for 96 h had the highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 7.83 MPa, a 15.5 % water absorption after a 24 h soak with a corresponding 20.5 % reduction

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2

Falciglia, Pietro Paolo, Abir Al-Tabbaa, and Federico G. A. Vagliasindi. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PERFORMANCE THRESHOLD APPROACH FOR IDENTIFYING THE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR STABILISATION/SOLIDIFICATION OF LEAD POLLUTED SOILS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 22, no. 2 (2014): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2013.821070.

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Two soils spiked with lead at different rates were stabilised/solidified using Portland cement and fy ash at different soil:binder ratios, and tested for their setting time, unconfined compressive strength, leachability and durability. A performance threshold approach was used in order to identify optimal management options for the products of the S/S treatment. Results show that soil texture, percentage of binders and lead concentration play an important part in the treatment, significantly influencing the performance of the resulting products in terms of curing, compressive strength and dura

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3

Jeremiah, Jeremiah J., Samuel J. Abbey, Colin A. Booth, and Anil Kashyap. "Geopolymers as Alternative Sustainable Binders for Stabilisation of Clays—A Review." Geotechnics 1, no. 2 (2021): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics1020021.

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The need to transit to greener options in soil stabilisation has revamped research on the use of industrial and agricultural by-products in order to cut down on the current carbon footprint from the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and lime related binders for the treatment of problematic soils. This study is a review on the use of geopolymers constituted by alkali activation of several industrial wastes such as pulverised fuel ash (PFA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (MK), glass powder (GP), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA), volcan

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4

Xing, Guoqi, Lijun Zhang, Wei Xuan, Yueyue Pan, Yue Zhao, and Bing Zhang. "Influence of Alkaline Activators on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Saline Soils Stabilised with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slags." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8893106.

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To mitigate the environmental impact induced by CO2 emissions and nonrenewable resource consumption, which are typically associated with Portland cement production, ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBSs) are usually added to the cement. In this study, the stabilisation effect of alkali-activated GGBS on saline soil and the hydration products of alkali-activated GGBS were investigated by unconfined compressive strength tests and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that Ca(OH)2 and NaOH as alkaline activators for GGBS significantly improve the unconfined compressi

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5

Cristelo, Nuno, Jhonathan Rivera, Tiago Miranda, and Ana Fernández-Jiménez. "Stabilisation of a Plastic Soil with Alkali Activated Cements Developed from Industrial Wastes." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (2021): 4501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084501.

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The development of alternative materials for the construction industry, based on different types of waste, is gaining significant importance in recent years. This is mostly due to the need to increase sustainability of this heavily polluting activity, thus mitigating the dependence on, for instance, Portland cement. The present paper is related to the development of an alkaline activated cement (AAC) exclusively fabricated from industrial by-products (both precursor and activator). Coal combustion fly ash, a common residue from thermoelectric powerplants, and glass waste, from the manufacture

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6

Luo, Zhengdong, Biao Luo, Yufei Zhao, et al. "Experimental Investigation of Unconfined Compression Strength and Microstructure Characteristics of Slag and Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Stabilized Riverside Soft Soil." Polymers 14, no. 2 (2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020307.

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To solve the issues of insufficient early strength of cement stabilized soil and high resource cost, high reduction cost, and high environmental cost induced by the application of cement, the slag and fly ash-based geopolymer was adopted as the stabilizer to treat riverside soft soil. This study mainly investigated the effects of stabilizer content, slag-to-fly ash ratio, and alkaline activator content on the strength of geopolymer stabilized soils with different curing ages. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDS) tes

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7

Shen, Xiao Ming, Zhan Guo Li, Da Huo, and Hai Yan Zhao. "A Preliminary Study of Stabilizing Artificial Saline Sludge Using Compound Stabilizer." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.343.

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There is large-area saline sludge which should be stabilized in China. In this experiment, cementitious component (cement), alkaline component (Ca(OH)2) and expansive component (sulfuraluminate cement or gypsum) were used as compound stabilizer with different combinations to stabilize artificial saline sludge, then the unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil samples was determined, and the hydration products of the stabilized soil were analyzed by XRD, the stabilizing mechanism and the required hydrate species of stabilized soil were preliminary explored. The results show that the u

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8

Parsons, Robert L., and Justin P. Milburn. "Engineering Behavior of Stabilized Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1837, no. 1 (2003): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1837-03.

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Stabilization of soils is an effective method for improving soil properties and pavement system performance. For many soils, more than one stabilization agent may be effective, and financial considerations or availability may be the determining factor on which to use. A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the relative performance of lime, cement, Class C fly ash, and an enzymatic stabilizer. These products were combined with a total of seven different soils with Unified Soil Classification System classifications of CH, CL, ML, and SM. Durability testing procedures included freeze–thaw, w

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9

Liu, Hailong, Jiuye Zhao, Yu Wang, Nangai Yi, and Chunyi Cui. "Strength Performance and Microstructure of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement-Stabilized Soft Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042295.

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Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) was used to stabilize a type of marine soft soil in Dalian China. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of CSA-stabilized soil was tested and compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC); meanwhile the influence of amounts of gypsum in CSA and cement contents in stabilized soils on the strength of stabilized soils were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were employed to detect generated hydration products, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to analyze microstructures of CSA-stabilized soils. The results showed that UCS of CSA-stabili

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10

Yi, Yaolin, Kaiwen Lu, Songyu Liu, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Property changes of reactive magnesia–stabilized soil subjected to forced carbonation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 2 (2016): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0135.

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A reactive magnesia (MgO) was used to stabilize a natural soil; the MgO-stabilized soil was subjected to forced carbonation with pressurized gaseous CO2 in a triaxial cell set-up. The change of physical properties, including bulk density, moisture content, dry density, specific gravity, and porosity, of the stabilized soil during carbonation was studied. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the carbonated MgO-stabilized soil were also investigated through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury in

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11

Mashifana, Tebogo Pilgrene, Felix Ndubisi Okonta, and Freeman Ntuli. "Geotechnical Properties and Microstructure of Lime-Fly Ash-Phosphogypsum-Stabilized Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3640868.

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The use of industrial waste as a potential stabilizer of marginal construction materials is cost effective. Phosphogypsum and fly ash are industrial wastes generated in very large quantities and readily available in South Africa. In order to explore the potential stabilization of vastly abundant expansive soil using larger quantity phosphogypsum waste as a potential modifier, composites with a mixture of lime-fly ash-phosphogypsum-basic oxygen furnace slag were developed. However because of the presence of radionuclide, it was necessary to treat the phosphogypsum waste with mild citric acid. T

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12

Wu, Xue-Ting, Yi Qi, Jun-Ning Liu, and Bin Chen. "Solidification Effect and Mechanism of Marine Muck Treated with Ionic Soil Stabilizer and Cement." Minerals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111268.

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In this study, an environmentally friendly ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) was adopted with combination of Portland cement to stabilize a marine muck. The macro and micro tests results demonstrated that the ISS was an effective stabilizer to improve the strength of marine muck when it was used combined with cement after adding the alkalizer NaOH. Except for the reduction in interlayer distance of clay minerals by ISS, Ca2+ and SO42− dissolved from ISS promoted the production of ettringite (AFt), pozzolanic and carbonation reactions of Portland cement in the presence of NaOH. Meanwhile, the hydrati

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13

Yi, Yaolin, Martin Liska, Fei Jin, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Mechanism of reactive magnesia – ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) soil stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 5 (2016): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0183.

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Reactive magnesia (MgO)-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS), with fixed GGBS dosages but varying MgO/GGBS ratios, was used for stabilization of two soils and compared with brucite (Mg(OH)2)-activated GGBS and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2)-activated GGBS. A range of tests, including unconfined compressive strength testing, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, was conducted to study the mechanical, chemical, and microstructural properties of the stabilized soils, and then to investigate the mechanism of MgO–GGBS soil stabilization. Results indicate that the Mg(OH)2 had

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14

Wei, Mingli, Hao Ni, Shiji Zhou, and Yuan Li. "Feasibility of Stabilized Zn and Pb Contaminated Soils as Roadway Subgrade Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1025056.

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The authors have developed a new binder, KMP, which is made from oxalic acid-activated phosphate rock, monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), and reactive magnesia (MgO). This study explores the acid neutralization capacity, strength characteristics, water-soaking durability, resilient modulus, and pore size distribution of KMP stabilized soils with individual Zn, Pb, or coexisting Zn and Pb contaminants. For comparison purpose, Portland cement (PC) is also tested. The results show that KMP stabilized soils have a higher acid buffering capacity than PC stabilized soils, regardless of the soil conta

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15

Zha, Fusheng, Congmin Liu, Bo Kang, et al. "Effect of Carbonation on the Leachability of Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Expansive Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8880818.

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Lime, fly ash, and alkaline residue are used widely as effective binders to solidify/stabilize heavy metal-contaminated expansive soil. Carbonation, however, may influence the effectiveness of solidification/stabilization (S/S) by decomposing hydration products and decreasing pH, which would seriously damage the long-term durability of stabilized soils. This study focused on the variation of leaching characteristics of solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated expansive soils before and after accelerated carbonation under the leachant of pH 3 and 5 by the semidynamic leaching test. After semidyn

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16

Dai, Di, Jie Peng, Lanlan Bai, Gang Li, and Hongmin Lin. "The Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer on the Resilient and Plastic Strain Behavior of Cemented Soil under Traffic Load." Polymers 14, no. 5 (2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050929.

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In road construction, a large number of excavated soils need to be treated with stabilizers. The addition of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) can improve the road performance of these stabilized soils. In order to predict roadbed deformation, dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on cemented soil containing SAP to investigate its resilient and plastic strain behavior. The effects of SAP content, cyclic stress ratio, and loading frequency on cement-stabilized soils with SAP were analyzed combined with the number of cycles. This study demonstrates how these influencing factors effect the resilient

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17

Tchakalova, Boriana, and Tzvetoslav Iliev. "Scanning electron microscopy investigation of loess soil stabilized with cement and natural zeolite." Geologica Balcanica 51, no. 1 (2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.51.1.15.

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Zeolite and Portland cement have been used to stabilize a loess soil from the region of Kozloduy (North Bulgaria). This paper examines the microstructural behavior of cement–zeolite treated loess soil without compaction at water content higher than optimum. Scanning electron microscopy and semi-quantitative energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses on stabilized loess were carried out after various curing periods. The identification of the formation of cementitious products in treated loess soil was conducted by SEM–EDS spectral analysis. Based on the study of the microstructural development, it

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18

Yi, Yaolin, Martin Liska, Cise Unluer, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Carbonating magnesia for soil stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0364.

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This paper investigates the potential for carbonating reactive magnesia (MgO) to serve as a more sustainable soil stabilization method by providing rapid and significant strength development of the stabilized soil through absorbing substantial quantities of CO2. Gaseous CO2 was forced through laboratory-prepared reactive MgO-treated soil samples in a triaxial cell set-up, and their resulting mechanical and microstructural properties were investigated using unconfined compressive strength, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that adequately carbonated MgO-tre

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19

Yin, Chenglong, Wei Zhang, Xunli Jiang, and Zhiyi Huang. "Effects of Initial Water Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Lean Clay Soil Stabilized by Compound Calcium-Based Stabilizer." Materials 11, no. 10 (2018): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101933.

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Initial water content significantly affects the efficiency of soil stabilization. In this study, the effects of initial water content on the compressibility, strength, microstructure, and composition of a lean clay soil stabilized by compound calcium-based stabilizer were investigated by static compaction test, unconfined compression test, optical microscope observations, environment scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that as the initial water content increases in the range studied, both the compaction energy and the

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20

Ling, Felix N. L., Khairul Anuar Kassim, and Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim. "Reaction Products of Lime Zeolite Stabilized Kaolin Humic Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.88.

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Lime, a traditional calcium based stabilizer, had been widely used in chemical stabilization to improve the strength of soil. Past researches had shown that the major reaction product of lime and soil such as Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) was formed abundantly under the observation of microscopic studies. However, sometimes it will be quite difficult to confirm the existence of CSH phase if solely based on its needle like structures, especially when other rod like structures will also exist. Practically, the recognition of the CSH phase by using XRD spectrum through matching with published da

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21

Manzanal, Diego, Sandra Orlandi, Mariano Fernandez, et al. "Soil-water retention of highly expansive clay stabilized with a bio-polymer." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133701006.

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The unpredictable expansiveness of clayey soils due to the change of water content can be responsible for significant pathologies on civil infrastructure. This behaviour depends mainly on the physical and chemical characteristics of the clayey soil and the stress-suction state of the soil. Extensive research has been carried out to control the swelling potential of clayey soils with traditional inorganic additives such as lime and cement. However, the use of these stabilizers presents adverse implications in terms of cost and environmental impact. Bio-products and waste by-products are an envi

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22

Sagidullina, Nazerke, Shynggys Abdialim, Jong Kim, Alfrendo Satyanaga, and Sung-Woo Moon. "Influence of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Silty Sand." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (2022): 7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127000.

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The problem of weak ground conditions is currently of great interest, as with the rapid development of infrastructure, researchers are trying to cope with the improvement of problematic soil properties to build structures on it. In cold regions, the problem of weak soils is further exacerbated by freeze–thaw cycling. For the improvement of soil properties, the soil stabilization method using ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is commonly applied, but it produces a significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to present laboratory testing results

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23

Yuan, Xi Zhong, Fei Liu, Wei Cui, and Cheng Cheng Liu. "Excessively Wet Subgrade Improvement with 100% Industry By-Products for Heavy Traffic Pavement – I. Solidification and Compaction Characteristics of Treated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1560.

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Deformation of excessively wet subgrade is often problematic during pavements construction as well as under regular vehicular traffic loads. In order to create a sturdy and stable platform for heavy traffic pavement, a “green materials” based entirely on industry byproduct of combination fly ash (FA) with carbide lime (CL) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) was proposed in this study. In order to investigate the effectiveness and improvement of engineering properties, solidification test and compaction test were carried out in laboratory, and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) was conduct

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24

Al-Kalili, Ahmed, Ahmed S. Ali, and Abbas J. Al-Taie. "A Review on Expansive Soils Stabilized with Different Pozzolanic Materials." Journal of Engineering 28, no. 1 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2022.01.01.

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Soils that cause effective damages to engineer structures (such as pavement and foundation) are called problematic or difficult soils (include collapsible soil, expansive soil, etc.). These damages occur due to poor or unfavorited engineering properties, such as low shear strength, high compressibility, high volume changes, etc. In the case of expansive soil, the problem of the shrink-swell phenomenon, when the soil reacts with water, is more pronounced. To overcome such problems, soils can be treated or stabilized with many stabilization ways (mechanical, chemical, etc.). Such ways can amend

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25

Rudakova, L. V., E. A. Pichugin, B. E. Shenfeld, and I. A. Elizarova. "Estimation of Geoecological Stability of Road Construction Material Based on Drill Cuttings." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 12 (2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-12-48-53.

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In this article, the authors assessed the sustainability of environmental components when placing drill cuttings on the basis of the research performed. A system of restrictions has been developed for road-building mixtures based on drill cuttings and parameters have been determined, the regulation of which will ensure the production of geo-environmentally sustainable products. Compression tests of slime-sand mixtures and slimesand mixtures of Polybond soils treated with an acid stabilizer within the framework of ensuring structural stability showed that using only sand as an input component,

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26

Nabizadeh Mashizi, Mahsa, Mohammad Hossein Bagheripour, Mohammad Mostafa Jafari, and Ehsan Yaghoubi. "Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of a Stabilized Sand Using Geopolymer Made of Wastes and a Natural Pozzolan." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042966.

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In this study, a combination of geopolymers including Rafsanjan Natural Pozzolan (RNP), Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and an activator such as Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) or NaOH was used to stabilize and improve the poorly graded sandy soil. Factors such as the activator type, activator concentration, CKD and RNP content were studied. Chemical compounds of the soil and abovementioned materials were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) detection tests. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the specimen

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27

Goncharova, Margarita A., Konstantin A. Korneev, and German S. Dedyaev. "Improving Construction Engineering Properties of Soils Stabilized by a Cement Binder with Techno-Genic Products." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.26.

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The article considers the method of stabilizing roadbed soils by introducing metallurgical waste in the structure of the composite binder. It was established during the analysis and experimental research that construction engineering properties are improved as a result of the method. The article provides the obtained results of laboratory tests. The optimum amount of ground blast furnace slag as a component to replace part of Portland cement in a soil cement mix is determined. The dependence of strength gain on the hardening time at different proportions of the composite binder is given. The e

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28

Vignesh, N. P., K. Mahendran, and N. Arunachelam. "Effects of Industrial and Agricultural Wastes on Mud Blocks Using Geopolymer." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1054176.

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For this research, the red soil sample was drawn, and a steady percentage of the geopolymer was used along with distinct proportions of stabilizers such as fly ash, groundnut shell ash, bagasse ash, and GGBFS. Geopolymer was used in the manufacture of stabilized mud blocks as a binding agent. The geopolymer solution’s effects on mud block strength have been researched. The effects of industrial by-products and waste such as fly ash, groundnut shell ash, bagasse ash, and GGBFS were also explored with the geopolymer to stabilize the mud blocks.

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Mirzababaei, Mehdi, Jafar Karimiazar, Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi, Reza Arjmandzadeh, and Sayed Hessam Bahmani. "Effect of Nano-Additives on the Strength and Durability Characteristics of Marl." Minerals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101119.

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Low bearing capacity soils may pose serious construction concerns such as reduced bearing capacity and excessive hydro-associated volume changes. Proper soil remediation techniques must be planned and implemented before commencing any construction on low bearing capacity soils. Environmentally friendly soil stabilizers are gradually replacing traditional soil stabilizers with high carbon dioxide emissions such as lime and cement. This study investigated the use of an alternative pozzolanic mix of nano-additives (i.e., nano-silica and nano-alumina) and cement to reduce the usage of cement for a

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Tran, Thien Quoc, Young-sang Kim, Gyeong-o. Kang, Ba Huu Dinh, and Tan Manh Do. "Feasibility of Reusing Marine Dredged Clay Stabilized by a Combination of By-Products in Coastal Road Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (2019): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119868196.

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Road construction work on poor subgrade in coastal, port, and reclamation sites is a traditional challenge for geotechnical engineers because of the typically very weak clayey soil in these domains. This research investigates the effects of adding a new green binder (Fa-RmLG), in different proportions and initial water contents, on the engineering properties of marine dredged clay (MDC) collected from Yeosu port, South Korea. The new green binder used is a combination of fly ash (Fa), phosphogypsum (G), lime (L), and red mud (Rm). In this study, five binder mixtures using different proportions

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31

Santoni, Rosa L., Jeb S. Tingle, and Miguel Nieves. "Accelerated Strength Improvement of Silty Sand with Nontraditional Additives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (2005): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600105.

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A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two products used to accelerate strength improvement of a silty sand (SM) material stabilized with nontraditional stabilizers. SM soil samples were mixed with selected products and tested under both “wet” and dry conditions after 1- and 7-day cures. Nine nontraditional stabilizers, including lignosulfonates, polymers, silicates, and tree resins, were evaluated in this experiment. Two accelerator products, an acrylic polymer and Type I portland cement, were evaluated. Samples were also stabilized with either an asphalt emulsion or

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32

Li, Qiang, Jie Chen, Qian Shi, and Shihao Zhao. "Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanisms of Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay Mixed with Seawater by Adding Ultrafine Silica Fume." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/810652.

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The strength of the cement-stabilized soil can be improved by the use of seawater. Compressive strength test results show that the strength of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater is 50% greater than that mixed with freshwater at the 90th day. However, the application is limited because the expansion of the cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater increases significantly. A kind of ultrafine silica fume was added into the cement-stabilized soil to inhibit swelling of the cement-stabilized soil with seawater. The expansion of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater by adding ultrafin

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33

Ling, Felix Ngee Leh, Khairul Anuar Kassim, Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim, and Tze Wei Chan. "Stabilization of Artificial Organic Soil at Room Temperature Using Blended Lime Zeolite." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.985.

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Organic content in soil is believed to inhibit formation of reaction products in lime stabilization which resulted in low gain of strength when dealing with organic soils. Zeolite, a kind of pozzolan with high CEC capacity is proposed to be use in this study in order to improve lime stabilization of organic soil. The effectiveness of blended lime zeolite in stabilization of organic soils was investigated by using two types of artificial organic soils with predetermined organic contents. Artificial organic soils were formed by mixing inorganic soil (commercial kaolin) with organic matter (comme

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34

Wang, Li Feng. "Experimental Researches on Microstructure of Nanometer Silicon and Cement-Stabilized Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.358.

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Unconfined compressive strength of various mixing proportions and ages of nanometer silicon and cement-stabilized soils（NCSS） are tested ,and the rules of compressive strength are got. Hydration products and microstructures of NCSS are discussed by means of XRD and SEM technology, and microstructural mechanisms of NCSS are analyzed. Results show that nanometer silicon powder added to cement-stabilized soil(CSS) can sharply improve the compressive strength of CSS. More Calcium silicate hydrates(C-S-H) and other hydration products can be produced in the process of secondary reaction of cement an

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Zhou, Mingkai, Xinyue Liu, Xiao Chen, and Peng Gao. "Study on Strength, Water Stability, Shrinkage, and Microstructure of CFB Slag Modified Cement Stabilized Clay." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237460.

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Circulating fluidized bed slag (CFBS) is an industrial waste produced by coal combustion in power plants. To explore the application of CFB slag in cement-stabilized bases, this paper studies the influence of different dosage of CFBS on the mechanics, water stability, and shrinkage of cement-stabilized soil using laboratory experiments. The hydration activity and interface morphology of CFBS in cement-stabilized clay were observed using XRD and SEM. The improvement mechanism of CFBS on the performance of cement-stabilized clay was revealed. The results indicated that, compared with cement-stab

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Mohamad, Habib Musa, Mohd Suharmin James, Siti Nor Farhana Zakaria, Adriana Erica Amaludin, Ngui Min Fui Tom, and Adnan Zainorabidin. "Effect of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) Mixed with Calcium Oxide to Dry Density and Physicochemical of Peat Soil." Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 7 (2023): 1697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-07-011.

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Peat is a problematic soil, and it is a common problem faced by engineers in construction. The characteristics that have been noted before are high moisture content, poor shear strength, great compressibility, and long-term settlement. For this research study, it focuses on stabilizing peat soil using EPP and CaO. There are three main tests that were conducted in this research study: index properties testing, compaction testing, and For Index Properties testing, five (5) experiments were conducted to study the index properties of disturbed peat soil, which are moisture content, fiber content,

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Raja, Ramiz, Supriya Pal, and Arindam Karmakar. "IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SITES THROUGH MECHANICAL STABILIZATION USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE PRODUCTS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 2 (2022): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.17077.

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The present study aimed to assess the stabilization performance of fly ash, blast furnace slag and quick lime for heavy metals in contaminated soil at a landfill site at Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The physical properties and strength parameters of the contaminated soil substantially increased after additives application. Moreover, the heavy metal concentrations in the leachate of the polluted soil were found almost nil after optimum blending of the additives mechanically with the soil and post-curing for 7 days. The numerical modeling studies were also carried out using PLAXISTM 3D software

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Yaseen, Yaseen, and Jawdat Abbas. "An Experimental Study on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soil Treated with Iron Furnace Slag." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 3 (2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.27.3.07.

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Using industrial waste materials in the treatment of problematic soils is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technique. It helps in decreasing disposal issues induced by various industrial wastes. Also, it is crucial to understand the behaviour of these waste products before use. This paper presents experimental research in the treatment of expansive soil by the utilization of iron furnace slag. Laboratory program was performed to examine the effect of iron furnace slag on enhancing the engineering properties of expansive soil. Several tests included liquid limits, plastic limits,

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Montanarella, Luca, Daniel Jon Pennock, Neil McKenzie, et al. "World's soils are under threat." SOIL 2, no. 1 (2016): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-79-2016.

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Abstract. The Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils has completed the first State of the World's Soil Resources Report. Globally soil erosion was identified as the gravest threat, leading to deteriorating water quality in developed regions and to lowering of crop yields in many developing regions. We need to increase nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use in infertile tropical and semi-tropical soils – the regions where the most food insecurity among us are found – while reducing global use of these products overall. Stores of soil organic carbon are critical in the global carbon balance,

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Hansen, N. E., D. M. Vietor, C. L. Munster, R. H. White, and T. L. Provin. "Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Constructed Soils Amended with Compost." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/542873.

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Composted organic materials used to stabilize roadside embankments in Texas promote rapid revegetation of soils disturbed by construction activities. Yet, adding compost to soil may increase total and soluble plant nutrients available for loss in runoff water. Composted municipal biosolids and dairy manure products were applied to soils in Texas according to prescribed Texas Department of Transportation specifications for stabilizing roadside soils. The specifications included a method for incorporating compost into soils prior to seeding or applying a compost and woodchip mix over a disturbed

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Montanarella, L., D. J. Pennock, N. J. McKenzie, et al. "World's soils are under threat." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (2015): 1263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1263-2015.

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Abstract. The Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils has completed the first State of the World's Soil Resources report. Globally soil erosion was identified as the gravest threat, leading to deteriorating water quality in developed regions and to lowering of crop yields in many developing regions. We need to increase nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use in infertile tropical and semi-tropical soils – the regions where the most food insecure among us are found – while reducing global use of these products overall. Stores of soil organic carbon are critical in the global carbon balance, a

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Chao, Yan, Liu Songyu, and Deng Yongfeng. "Experimental Research for the Application of Mining Waste in the Trench Cutting Remixing Deep Wall Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202848.

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This paper focuses on the use of fly ash (FA) or ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) and reactive lime blends for cement-stabilized Nanjing clay, comparing them with Portland cement (PC) for enhanced technical performance. A range of tests were conducted to investigate the properties of stabilized soils, including macrostrength (UCS), permeability, and microstructure analyses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of PC : (FA + lime) ratio, PC : (GGBS + lime) ratio and curing time was addressed. The UCS and permeability results revealed that PC-FA-lime was more efficient than PC-

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Fér, Miroslav, Radka Kodešová, Aleš Klement, and Antonín Nikodem. "The impact of treated wastewater and biosolids from the municipal wastewater treatment plant on water and carbon dioxide effluxes from soils." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 70, no. 3 (2022): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2022-0022.

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Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of products from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on the H2O and CO2 effluxes from two soils. The net H2O and CO2 effluxes were measured at the surface of nine beds with two different soils (Cambisol and Arenosol) and two crops (maize or vegetables). Soils in some beds were amended with stabilized sewage sludge (bed with Cambisol and maize) or composted sewage sludge (two beds with Cambisol and both crops) or were irrigated with treated wastewater (two beds with Cambisol and both crops, and one bed with Arenosol and vegetable). R

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Malkanthi, S. N. "An Innovative Approach to Produce Soil-Based Building Products." Bolgoda Plains 01, no. 01 (2021): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/bprm.2021.17.

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Soil has been used as a building material in different forms, such as mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks. Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB), a form of soil blocks with different additives including cement, fly ash, and lime, is a sustainable building material with many advantages compared to other conventional building materials. The usual practice of past researchers in producing CSEB was to add different materials like sand to the soil to control its clay and silt (finer) content. A high level of finer content is not desirable when it comes to the strength and durability of CSEB. Th

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Gies, Hannah, Frank Hagedorn, Maarten Lupker, et al. "Millennial-age glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in forested mineral soils: <sup>14</sup>C-based evidence for stabilization of microbial necromass." Biogeosciences 18, no. 1 (2021): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-189-2021.

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Abstract. Understanding controls on the persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to constrain its role in the carbon cycle and inform climate–carbon cycle model predictions. Emerging concepts regarding the formation and turnover of SOM imply that it is mainly comprised of mineral-stabilized microbial products and residues; however, direct evidence in support of this concept remains limited. Here, we introduce and test a method for the isolation of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) – diagnostic membrane lipids of archaea and bacteria, respectivel

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Shi, Jian, Shengnian Wang, Wenzhe Cao, Jun Su, and Xingjin Zhang. "Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Dredged Silty Clay Stabilized by Cement and Steel Slag." Materials 15, no. 11 (2022): 3823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113823.

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The high moisture content and low strength of dredged soft soils result in significant difficulties in directly reutilizing them in engineering. Improving their mechanical properties effectively and achieving re-utilization with the maximum benefit in engineering is the key to disposing of dredged soils with high moisture content. This study investigated the influences of cement and steel slag ratio, moisture content, the maximum particle size of steel slag, and curing age on the compressive strength of dredged silty clay in a plastic flow state. The performance improvement of dredged silty cl

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Abdila, Syafiadi Rizki, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Romisuhani Ahmad, et al. "Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review." Materials 15, no. 1 (2022): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010375.

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Geopolymers, or also known as alkali-activated binders, have recently emerged as a viable alternative to conventional binders (cement) for soil stabilization. Geopolymers employ alkaline activation of industrial waste to create cementitious products inside treated soils, increasing the clayey soils’ mechanical and physical qualities. This paper aims to review the utilization of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymers for soil stabilization by enhancing strength. Previous research only used one type of precursor: fly ash or GGBFS, but the strength value obtain

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Ji, Enyue, Fei Xu, Hua Wei, Wenxun Qian, Yang He, and Pengfei Zhu. "An Investigation on Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation in Cement-Stabilized Soils: Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (2022): 6843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12146843.

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Thermodynamic modeling helps to reveal insights into the basic chemical kinetics of dissolution and precipitation in cementitious materials, but relevant applications to cement-stabilized soils have seldom been reported. Based on the thermodynamic database of Cemdata18 and the pore solution composition of cement-stabilized soils, this study formulated a specialized thermodynamic model, using essential thermodynamic constants for soil minerals that were calculated to ensure the model’s accuracy. Two commercial admixtures of alkaline activator and polynaphthalene sulfonate were selected for the

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Santos de Oliveira, Leandro, Normando Perazzo Barbosa, Fabiana Silva Santos, and Carlos Maviael de Carvalho. "Stabilization of Raw Earth through Alkaline Activation." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.215.

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Stabilization is important in earthen construction in order to improve mechanical strength, volumetric stability, workability and even ductility. Currently, the products used to stabilize the earth are lime, Portland cement and bitumen emulsions. Due to the environmental problems that the mankind faces nowadays, the use of earthen construction is increasing. Adobe is the most traditional type of block used in masonry. To improve strength against water, a new way to stabilize this kind of unburned earth block is proposed by the alkaline activation of earth. This paper presents the first results

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Du, Yan-Jun, Ning-Jun Jiang, Song-Yu Liu, Fei Jin, Devendra Narain Singh, and Anand J. Puppala. "Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of cement-stabilized zinc-contaminated kaolin." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 3 (2014): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0177.

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This paper presents details of a study that deals with determination of engineering properties, identification of phases of major hydration products, and microstructural characteristics of a zinc-contaminated (referred to as Zn-contaminated in this paper) kaolin clay when it is stabilized by a cement additive. Investigations were carried out with respect to the effect of the level of zinc (Zn) concentration on the overall soil properties including Atterberg limits, water content, pH, stress–strain characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and secant modulus. In addition, X-ray diffract

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