Academic literature on the topic 'Stabilità dei pendii'

Il legislatore ecclesiastico nel Codice di Diritto Canonico offre le norme riguardanti la vita secondo i consigli evangelici di castità, di povertà e di obbedienza in istituti religiosi. Sono indicazioni molto generici, perchè norme più dettagliate devono essere messe nella legge propria di ogni istituto. La castità viene sempre nominata come prima tra i consigli. Essa ha non solo un solido fondamento teologico e un significato religioso, ma anche una propria base giuridica. Nel codice di diritto troviamo delle prescrizioni che tendono a proteggere le persone consacrate a Dio tramite il voto di castità. Tra queste norme ci sono canoni che suggeriscono di trattare con prudenza le persone, la cui familiarità potrebbe mettere a pericolo il loro obbligo della perfetta continenza oppure suscitare lo scandalo dei fedeli. Ci sono anche altri canoni che invitano ad astenersi da ciò che è sconveniente al proprio stato e ad evitare ciò che, pur non essendo indecoroso, è alieno dal loro stato. Inoltre, ci sono canoni sull’adeguato approccio ai mezzi di comunicazione sociale. A proteggere la vita in castità è anche l’istituzione di clausura e l’abito religioso. Per prevenire le possibili trasgressioni contro questo consiglio il legislatore ha stabilito pure le sanzioni penali, non escludendo perfino la dimissione di una persona consacrata dall’istituto religioso. Le suddette norme del codice rivelano, dunque, non solo l’aspetto teologico, ma soprattutto quello giuridico del consiglio evangelico di castità.

Obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è quello di investigare sulle possibili soluzioni per la stabilizzazione dei versanti, compiendo dapprima un excursus sui vari provvedimenti che oggi l’ingegneria è in grado di offrire e concentrandosi infine sugli interventi di stabilizzazione mediante opere di drenaggio a gravità, in grado di garantire abbassamenti di falda con un conseguente aumento delle condizioni di stabilità del pendio. In quest’ultimo caso si è focalizzata l’attenzione sui sistemi di trincee drenanti, una soluzione altamente valida grazie anche alle semplici tecniche di realizzazione e ai costi relativamente contenuti. Si è individuata quindi una procedura di calcolo per il dimensionamento del sistema sulla base delle soluzioni teoriche proposte dai vari autori in letteratura. Stabilito il metodo più opportuno, è stato effettuato uno studio sui risultati ottenuti al fine di individuare i criteri progettuali più adeguati, per poi analizzare il problema attraverso l’ausilio di software con lo scopo di confermare la fedeltà dei procedimenti di calcolo. Si è passato infine allo studio del caso reale del dissesto di Ripoli, frazione nel comune di San Benedetto Val di Sambro in provincia di Bologna. In particolare, si è focalizzata l’attenzione sul corpo frana superficiale nella zona della frazione di Santa Maria Maddalena. Nell’area in questione sono stati installati sistemi di pozzi drenanti con lo scopo di ridurre i livelli delle acque sotterranee e dunque garantire un ripristino della stabilità. L'adozione di tali interventi ha garantito la riduzione dei movimenti che ad oggi sono praticamente stabili. Si è perciò studiato il problema dal punto di vista teorico ipotizzando, per il corpo instabile, che la procedura di calcolo individuata sia applicabile anche al caso di pozzi drenanti, valutando le possibili risposte in termini di abbassamento dei livelli di falda e stabilendo se tale soluzione sia in grado di ripristinare la stabilità globale del pendio.

The research work presented in this thesis concern to the stability analysis of linear time-delay systems with low-order controllers. This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part of the thesis focus on the study of linear SISO (single-input/single-output) systems with input/output delays, where the feedback loop is closed with a controller of PID-type. Inspired by the geometrical approach developed by Gu et al. we propose an analytical method to find the stability regions of all stabilizing controllers of PID-type for the time-delay system. Based on this same approach, we propose an algorithm to calculate the degree of fragility of a given controller of PID- type (PI, PD and PID).The second part of the thesis focuses on the stability analysis of linear systems under an NCS (Networked System Control) based approach. More precisely, we first focus in the stabilization problem by taking into account the induced network delays and the effects induced by the sampling period. To carry out such an analysis we have adopted an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.Finally, in the third part of the thesis we tackle certain problems concerning to the behavior of the zeros of a certain class of sampled-data SISO systems. More precisely, given a continuous-time system, we obtain the sampling intervals guaranteeing the invariance of the number of unstable zeros in each interval. To perform such an analysis, we adopt an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik nugget ayam dengan bahan pengisi tepung pati ubi kayu dan tepung sagu dengan persentase yang berbeda. Perlakuan bahan pengisi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu P1 (100% tepung pati ubi kayu), P2 (75% tepung pati ubi kayu dan 25% tepung sagu), P3 (50% tepung pati ubi kayu dan 50% tepung sagu), P4 (25% tepung pati ubi kayu dan 75% tepung sagu), dan P5 (100% tepung sagu). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 kali ulangan. Sifat fisik yang diuji yaitu daya ikat air, nilai kekerasan, stabilitas emulsi, dan nilai pH. Sifat kimia yang diuji yaitu kadar air, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan abu. Sifat organoleptik diuji dengan uji hedonik (penampakan warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur). Data hasil uji sifat fisik dan kimia dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan diuji lanjut dengan BNT. Data hasil uji sifat organoleptik dianalisis statistik non parametrik dengan uji Hedonic Kurskal Wallis dan diuji lanjut dengan Multiple Comparisson of Mean Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nugget ayam dengan bahan pengisi 100% tepung pati ubi kayu mempunyai sifat fisik yang lebih bagus dengan daya ikat air paling besar 47,30%, tingkat kekerasan paling rendah 676,22 gF, dan nilai pH paling mendekati normal 5,23. Sifat kimia nugget yang mendekati persyaratan nugget ayam menurut SNI adalah nugget dengan bahan pengisi 25% tepung pati ubi kayu dan 75% tepung sagu. Sifat organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa nugget yang mengandung bahan pengisi 100% tepung pati ubi kayu yang paling diterima oleh panelis. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa tepung pati ubi kayu dan tepung sagu lokal di Provinsi Maluku Utara dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pengisi nugget ayam. Tepung pati ubi kayu lokal dapat menggantikan 100% tepung tapioka komersil dan tepung sagu dapat mensubtitusi hingga 50% untuk mendapatkan nugget sesuai standar.

Mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan merupakan teknik untuk melapisi komponen asam lemak esensial pada minyak ikan dengan menggunakan bahan pelapis tertentu. Fungsi teknik mikroenkapsulasi adalah untuk menjaga dan melindungi kestabilan komponen penting dalam minyak ikan agar dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tubuh ternak. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel review ini adalah untuk mengetahui teknik mikroenkasulasi pada minyak ikan sebagai inovasi enrichment feed dan pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas unggas. Minyak ikan adalah bahan pakan sumber lemak esensial yang dibutuhkan ternak, akan tetapi dalam penggunaanya mudah teroksidasi oleh pengaruh lingkungan sehingga memiliki stabilitas umur simpan yang pendek dan kualitas yang cepat menurun. Penggunaan mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan telah dilakukan pada beberapa unggas seperti puyuh, broiler dan layer. Penggunaan mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan pada pakan dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan produktivias dan menurunkan kandungan kolesterol pada daging ayam broiler, serta meningkatkan kandungan asam lemak omega 3 dan menurunkan kandungan kolesterol pada kuning telur. Pemanfatan teknik mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan pada pakan unggas masih jarang dilakukan sehingga perlu dikaji lebih dalam agar dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas unggas dan juga meningkatkan kualitas dari produk peternakan.

Highly selective removal of Cesium and Strontium is critical for waste treatment and environmental remediation. Cesium-137 is a beta-gamma emitter and Strontium-90 is a beta emitter with respective half-lives of 30 and 29 years. Both elements are present at many nuclear sites. Cesium and Strontium can be found in wastewaters at Washington State’s Hanford Site, as well as in wastestreams of many Magnox reactor sites. Cesium and Strontium are found in the Reactor Coolant System of light water reactors at nuclear power plants. Both elements are also found in spent nuclear fuel and in high-level waste (HLW) at DOE sites. Cesium and Strontium are further major contributors to the activity and the heat load. Therefore, technologies to extract Cesium and Strontium are critical for environmental remediation waste treatment and dose minimization. Radionuclides such as Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are key drivers of liquid waste classification at light water reactors and within the DOE tank farm complexes. The treatment, storage, and disposal of these wastes represents a major cost for nuclear power plant operators, and comprises one of the most challenging technology-driven projects for the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program. Extraction technologies to remove Cesium and Strontium have been an active field of research. Four notable extraction technologies have been developed so far for HLW: solvent extraction, prussian blue, crystalline silicotitanate (CST) and organic ion-exchangers (e.g., resorcinol formaldehyde and SuperLig). The use of one technology over another depends on the specific application. For example, the waste treatment plant (WTP) at Hanford is planning on using a highly-selective organic ion-exchange resin to remove Cesium and Strontium. Such organic ion-exchangers use molecular recognition to selectively bind to Cesium and Strontium. However, these organic ion-exchangers are synthesized using multi-step organic synthesis. The associated cost to synthesize organic ion-exchangers is prohibitive and seriously limits the scope of applications for organic ion-exchangers. Further issues include resin swelling, potential hydrogen generation and precluding final disposal by vitrification without further issues. An alternative to these issues of organic ion-exchangers is emerging. Inorganic ion-exchangers offer a superior chemical, thermal and radiation stability which is simply not achievable with organic compounds. They can be used to remove both Cesium as well as Strontium with a high level of selectivity under a broad pH range. Inorganic ion-exchangers can operate at acidic pH where protons inhibit ion exchange in alternative technologies such as CST. They can also be used at high pH which is typically found in conditions present in many nuclear waste types. For example, inorganic ion-exchangers have shown significant Strontium uptake from pH 1.9 to 14. In contrast to organic ion-exchangers, inorganic ion-exchangers are not synthesized via complex multi-step organic synthesis. Therefore, inorganic ion-exchangers are substantially more cost-effective when compared to organic ion-exchangers as well as CST. Selective removal of specified isotopes through ion exchange is a common and proven treatment method for liquid waste, yet various aspects of existing technologies leave room for improvement with respect to both cost and effectiveness. We demonstrate a novel class of inorganic ion-exchangers for the selective removal of cesium and strontium (with future work planned for uranium removal), the first of a growing family of patent-pending, potentially elutable, and paramagnetic ion-exchange materials [1]. These highly selective inorganic ion-exchangers display strong chemical, thermal and radiation stability, and can be readily synthesized from low-cost materials, making them a promising alternative to organic ion-exchange resins and crystalline silicotitanate (CST). By nature, these inorganic media lend themselves more readily to volume reduction (VR) by vitrification without the issues faced with organic resins. In fact, with a simple melting of the KMS-1 media at 650–670 deg. C (i.e., well below the volatilization temperature of Cs, Sr, Mn, Fe, Sb, etc.), a VR of 4:1 was achieved. With true pyrolysis at higher temperatures or by vitrification, this VR would be much higher. The introduction of this new family of highly specific ion-exchange agents has potential to both reduce the cost of waste processing, and enable improved waste-classification management in both nuclear power plants (for the separation of Class A from B/C wastes) and DOE tank farms [for the separation of low level waste (LLW) from high level waste (HLW)]. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a novel inorganic ion-exchanger for the selective removal of Cesium and Strontium. These inorganic ion-exchangers are chemical, thermal and radiation stable. These inorganic ion-exchangers can be synthesized in a cost-effective way which makes them significantly more effective than organic ion-exchange resin and CST. Finally, new thermal options are afforded for their final volume reduction, storage and disposal.