Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stabilité politique – Aspect économique'
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Melki, Mickaël. "Les interactions directes et indirectes entre idéologie et croissance économique : Cinq essais appliqués au cas français,1870-2011." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767439.
Full textWeatherdon, Nathan. "Expropriation risk with social and political instability : a dynamic conservation modeling approach." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28485/28485.pdf.
Full textNoury, Abdul Ghafar. "Essays on Economics of political Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211488.
Full textMerry, Adrienne. "Socio-cultural aspects of functional regionalization in the cross-border area between Montenegro, Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia (SCAFRB)." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A025.
Full textNew social-economic macro-regionalization in the Central Balkans, leading to accelerating the pace of economic growth in the monitored area, is both necessary and possible. From a review of the literature it is clear that in the view of most western democracies the Central Balkans still remains the most unstable region in the western world. Functional regionalization of the Balkans is a developmental enigma for the Balkans as well as for Europe. Secondly, for Europe, the challenge is to form a functioning community originally in an area composed of a number of different national communities that have recently been in the most harmful national conflict. The challenge of local government community is how best to construct a viable transition from a dysfunctional socio-cultural community to an integrated functional global socio-cultural system.The study analyses the strengths and weaknesses of a particular Balkan area, the Shaar Mountains area, and the possibilities to set up trans-borders cooperation between several cities in order to enhance socio-economic development. Several projects the author has participated to are presented. The stakes are high, and the challenges still uncertain
Kaya, Uğur. "Représentations stratégiques hétérogènes de la Turquie dans l'Alliance Atlantique à travers son voisinage avec le Moyen-Orient : analyse d'un État glacis, "rentier stratégique", exploitant les conflits militaires régionaux et globaux comme facteur autonome de développement économique et de stabilité interne." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0031.
Full textThis thesis analys of the interactions between the logic of security and the economic logic that bring to bear on state apparatus and socio-economic agents in Turkey, with regard to Middle Eastern relations and concentrating in particular on Turkey's heterogeneity within the NATO. It consists, fundamentally, of a study of the dialectical relationship between the economic, political and military fields in Turkey on the national, regional and global scales. The thesis's period of analysis stretches from the foundation of the Turkish Republic up to the end of the twentieth century. Within this framework, the thesis attempts to decrypt the role of conflictuality in strategic identity. Interactions between economic and military strategy on the global level do not, in the case of Turkey, stem from colonial considerations. They stem, rather, from a conception of security that aims to avoid participation in territorially-constituted wars in order to achieve economic development. Through this particular relationship between regional and global conflictualities, the Turkish state's long-term policy can be said to consist of instrumentalising antagonisms of third-party protagonists, without any one of those third parties assuming the role of an 'enemy' per se or a 'source of immediate threat'. This exploitation of conflicts leads not only to security considerations, it becomes a multi-view strategy: for economic and social development, to guarantee internal stability, serving also to reinforce official ideology. These phenomena are analysed by means of the concepts of the "conflictualist paradigm" and the "strategic rentier state. "
Biscaïno, Cécile. "Interventionnisme économique local : d'une politique structurelle à une politique conjoncturelle." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG2008.
Full textRota-Graziosi, Grégoire. "Sécessions et fédérations, une analyse économique de la fragmentation politique." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0005.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to provide an economic analysis of secession
Rivière, Pascal. "Anthropologie politique de "l'antimondialisation"." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20054.
Full textThe global cultural and economical rapports of exteriority induct some strategies of resistance on the inner social unities struck by the change, the uncertainties and the unenchantments of the merchant and scientific techno-logic - as far as their perverse effects and the individual and collective crisis inducts by the accidents or by the malversations. They impute some counter-models, which are originally allying rationality with utopicsms. In the beginning, groups and personalities of several origins are articulated round an editorial of the Monde diplomatique, in the extension of a dynamic imputed by May 1995 and by the struggle against the AMI. Attac - " association pour la taxation des transactions financières pour l'aide aux citoyens " - is created. This way of thinking is certainly socialist and republican, but the social spaces and the social trajectories, which are crossing themselves, are differing. The pedagogy, the acquisition of the economical and geopolitical knowledge, the expressivities and the subjectivity are practiced. Foundering intellectuals, political militants and adherents are coasting along. Some imaginaries are renewing themselves, - the peasant "jacquerie" - are inventing themselves - the cybernetic internationalism - and eclectic cultural elements are combining themselves together to form a figure, which is at once original, new and inherited. It diffuses its terms and images in the public opinion, it shows its mediatic heroes and it generates new practices - boycotts of the products of "Danone", equitable trade But soon, diversity gave in to the strategies of the militants from the radical left-wing's network. The adherent is controlled, the intellectual is externalised. A radical and total ideology and a messianic vocation characterize soon the politic movement, which runs counter the domination of the PS and breaks the left-wing's electoral front. But new forms avoid to the levelling and spring on exterior spaces
Aguir, Abdelkader. "Stabilité, croissance économique et ciblage d'inflation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE001/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies. To be more specific, the developments of this thesis aimed to investigate the conduct, efficiency and performance of the policy of monetary strategy in an instability context. Therefore, we proceed in two steps. First, we study the conduct rule of the inflation targeting policy (Chapter 1), showing how this notion of optimal rule should guide the behaviour of the Central Bank in its decisions of monetary policy, in order to achieve the inflation goal, by emphasizing the role of transparency and credibility of the monetary policy, as a performance criterion, by evaluating the different experiences of the emerging countries that have adopted an inflation targeting and have been able to strengthen the effectiveness of the monetary regime (Chapter 2). Then, in a second step, we distinguish periods of pre-targeting and post-targeting to evaluate the performance of this policy. Thus, we show that inflation targeting is economically efficient if it generates an environmental stability of monetary policy (Chapter 3). Finally, we analyze the efficiency and performance of the inflation targeting policy in emerging economies in times of crisis, taking into account the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009 that produced the worst global recession since the 1930s (Chapter 4). We are developing an econometric approach based on a dynamic panel data in order to study the degree of stability of the economic environment targeted countries in a context of instability. Our results show a significant difference in inflation performance with macro-economic performances in a global economic environment characterized by a global financial crisis, and that these differences are generally attributable to the choice of the strategy of monetary policy
Petit, Richard. "L'économie écologique, une économie politique alternative ?" Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12007.
Full textThis essay is devoted to a new school of thought in economics, ecological economics, whose authors (georgescu-roegen, daly, costanza,) are mainly american (but also french like rene passet) and it examines this new stream of thought to decide whether it can challenge the standard school and become an alternative political economy. For this purpose this essay tries to show the relations supposed to exist between the framework used by every thought in economics to represent man and nature and the analytical conclusions draw from it. The essay wants to show that ecological economics substitutes to the usual framework of standard economics a vision of man and nature inspired by scientific ecology and by radically different epistemological presuppositions. Therefore this school of thought is an implicit citicism of modernity, particularly of the break between man and nature. From these methodological principles propositions of economic policy are drawn, summed up under the title "suatainable development". This very concept leads to ethical ideas and ecological economics ask the normatif question in economics. The essay concludes that on one hand, ecological economics is rather radical and can be seen as an alternative political economy, but on another hand, it does not consider the political question and this constitutes the main weakness of this new school of thought. Its future depends on its capability to deal with this question
Godement, François. "Aspect du développement économique et politique de la Chine contemporaine." Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0014.
Full textColin, Florence. "Analyse économique théorique de la délinquance politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0020.
Full textThe thesis studies the logic of individuals behaviors concerning illegal political activity through an economic model composed of a supply function of political criminality, a demand function of security and a production function of repression. The purpose is to determine the gains and costs that affect the individual calculus of potential participants, and in which conditions they are going to increase or to decrease their time of participation (the supply quantity). Tha gains and costs of illegal political activity are : purs publics gains, private political gains, materials and psychological private gains, apprehension, condamnation, physical dammanges costs, opportunity costs due to foregone wage in the economic legal life. The "factor "preference for publics goods" amplificates the public and political private gains. We also take into account the choice of potential victims, State and private citizens. The demande for security of private citizens is integrated into that of the State, because they cannot resort to reppression to protect themselves. The State is the productor of repression to dissuade potentials participants to engage in political violence in order to express their discontent, and make them substitute legal political action to illegal one which become more costly
Vassort, Patrick. "Un paramètre moderne de domination politique : le football." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100034.
Full textNoah, Alphonse. "Stabilité bancaire, digitalisation financière, économie informelle et catastrophes naturelles : quatre enjeux de politique économique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100144/2019PA100144.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation proposes four empirical essays on bank stability, financial digitalisation, the informal economy, and natural disasters. These themes represent economic policy challenges. The first chapter looks at the impact of bank competition on credit risk in Sub-Saharan Africa. We show that increased competition is likely to both enhance and lessen the quality of banks’ loans portfolios. The second chapter investigates whether the rapid expansion of mobile financial services helps reduce the informal sector in emerging and developing countries. Our results indicate that such financial innovation can be considered as a powerful tool to formalize economies. The third chapter examines the effect of education on the informal economy in Africa. We underline the importance of a balanced educational system between general and vocational education to reduce the size of the informal sector. The last chapter focuses on the determinants of natural disasters. It highlights the role of weather, economic and structural factors, and climate change in the incidence of natural disasters
Sand-Zantman, Wilfried. "L'économie politique de la décentralisation." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10013.
Full textSue, Virginie. "Le conflit potentiel pour la Banque Centrale entre les objectifs de stabilité des prix et de stabilité financière : fondements, analyses et perspectives." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020057.
Full textRichard, Thibaut. "Régime politique et efficacité économique : éléments théoriques et analyses comparées." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21010.
Full textThis thesis examines the interaction between political regimes and economical efficiency, especially the relation between democracy and growth. This yet old question has not found a clear answer until now. Considering the importance of political regimes on economic growth, it remains though crucial in economics. The methodology adopted here consists of a comparison between the results of the theoretical literature, those of previous empirical studies, and those of our different econometrical models. All these tools of analysis converge to estimate a weakly positive impact of democracy on economic growth. However, this impact is rarely significant. The first chapter of the thesis aims at defining what is democracy and how to qualify and quantify this concept. We selected some existing indicators of democracy and create some new. This chapter ends with an historical and geographical approach of the democracy. It shows some similarity between democracy and economic growth (repeated cycles, regional diffusion…) The second chapter makes a synthesis of the theoretical literature on the subject. It shows that the theory is rather inconclusive. For example, democracy is said to be better for the guaranty of property rights, or against corruption but is too sensitive to the pressure of the lobbies and prefers to sacrifice the future for the present. Moreover, globalization does not seem to influence the relation between democracy and growth. The third chapter analyses the relation with some simple statistical tools such as the correlation coefficient. We find a weakly positive relation between democracy and growth. The fourth chapter uses panel data regressions and confirms the previous results of the third chapter. Furthermore, it shows that freedom of thoughts is the best component of democracy that promotes economic growth. Finally, the regressions confirm the fact that democracy enhances economic development
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textYamamoto, Yumiko. "L'aide internationale, au-delà des questions techniques : les politiques d’aide au développement, à destination de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, de trois pays asiatiques : Chine, Inde, Japon (1997-2010)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0008.
Full textAt the crossroads of research on development conditions, development aid and comparative policies, this dissertation explores the comparative dimension of development aid policies towards West Africa taking the case of China, India and Japan between 1997 and 2010. Indeed, although these three countries belong to the same geographical zone, they are very different as regards to economic resources, political situation, national concerns and historical context. Based on the forty-eight reports of ministries and governmental agencies of China, India and Japan, almost eight hundred literatures, 73 interviews with researchers, experts in administrations and industries in five countries, the dissertation analyzes the observable differences in development aid policies carried out by these countries. The research seeks to understand whether each country’ specificities determine their development aid strategy. Beyond the technical issues (organisational system, delivery system, aid destination) specific to the three policies, the research compares motivations which encourage to offer development assistance to West Africa. The research marks the very first comparison of Asian aid policies
Aboulfadl, Mehdi. "La politique monétaire et la stabilité financière." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE003.
Full textCentral banks practices have gradually adjusted, since the 90s, to the fundamental principles of the New synthesis, and converged towards a normalization that has proved its worth. On one hand, this normalization is based on the doctrine of price stability, under the form of an inflation targeting system. On the other hand, it is supplemented with practices intended to enhance credibility and transparency. In addition, and because of its theoretical coherence, the DSGE representation of the economy adopted by the New Synthesis also emerged as a central analytical framework for monetary policy, particularly suitable for scenario analyzes and for generating forecasts of variables of interest. At the same time, central banks have tried to promote a stable financial environment, through their role as lender of last resort. And thanks to the principle of market efficiency, the use of monetary policy in the face of speculative bubbles has been limited. However, the concept of financial stability has been lacking a consensual definition, leading to a proliferation of methodologies for quantifying risk, preventing crisis and evaluating the financial system. The 2007 crisis has challenged this emerging consensus. First, the onset of the financial turmoil, in an environment of price stability, seemed to invalidate the theoretical principles of monetary policy. Then, the adoption of a series of so-called unconventional monetary policy measures, upon reaching the zero lower bound, exposed the inadequacy of conventional monetary policy instruments, in order to counter the crisis and encourage a sustainable recovery. Finally, the residual treatment of the financial sector in the canonical NK model failed to capture the regularities of the business cycle, the financial vulnerability, the lack of liquidity and the procyclicality of financial systems. Critics of the New synthesis focused on specific assumptions, rather than on the framework itself. Therefore, the relevance of the NK framework still seems appropriate, because of its unique capability of absorbing various theories which may initially seem irreconcilable. Thanks to the introduction of money and the possibility of default, the modeling of an active banking sector helped understand the changes in the shocks transmission mechanism, and enabled the introduction of multiple interest rates. Similarly, the interbank market role has been addressed in order to investigate the erosion of confidence, the drying up of liquidity and the impact on the financing of the economy. Finally, the multiple dimensions of unconventional monetary policies have been incorporated in order to assess their effectiveness, and to identify the transmission mechanisms. However, there is no microeconomically based representation general enough to capture, in a logic and parsimonious way, the majority of the financial characteristics. The crisis has also helped to draw lessons about the financial sector, with regards to its role in terms of increased economic non-linearities, the negative impact of the zero lower bound, and the questioning of the Schwartz hypothesis. By highlighting the links between monetary and macroprudential policies, the crisis has then invalidated the dichotomy principle adopted until now. These new guidelines are, however, not entirely clear. Indeed, the economic recovery management and the impact of austerity measures create new challenges: a stagnation risk similar to the one that hit Japan; a return to highly leveraged maturity transformation practices; and blurry central banks exit strategies
Cartier-Bresson, Jean. "L'économie de la corruption." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131017.
Full textCorruption is a particular case of agency models. To the majority of economists, and according to works on the economics of crime and rent-seeking society, we have a market for corruption where supply and demand are subjected to constraints of sanction. These authors treat only occasional and unorganised exchanges between impersonal agents (market corruption), whereas the phenomenon begins to pose an economic and a political problem when it becomes institutionalized, when it is personalized (pariochal corruption or social exchange corruption) and when it organizes itself through the legal social network of clientelism, thus allowing for non-specific and compensable exchanges over time in an undetermined manner. Our thesis, after a presentation of great controversies and a critical approach of existing economic literature, offers a theory of corruption networks that spread from the modalities of hybrid coordination
Le, Brun Sophie. "Vers un meilleur management des achats médicaux hospitaliers." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P009.
Full textBourreau-Dubois, Cécile. "Analyse microéconomique de la dynamique de participation aux revenus minima : la question des enchainements." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20010.
Full textHis point of my ph. D. Dissertation is the study of short term recidivism in welfare system. To study this topic, I divided my analysis in two parts: the first one is theoretical, the second one is empirical. In the first part of my thesis, i study the decision to return to welfare in two ways. In the first chapter, I develop two static conceptual frameworks: in one hand, a model of welfare behavior which is derived from the job search theory, in the other hand, a model of welfare behavior which emphasizes the role of uncertainty. In the second chapter, I analyses how welfare spell length could affect decisions by modeling ones constraints and preferences. In the second part of my thesis, I measure and explain short term recidivism. I use longitudinal data from a French panel, + i. E. Panel des ménages lorrains ; which is available for six years (1985- 1990). In the third chapter, I develop criterions to measure the size of this phenomenon in our data basis. The fourth chapter is a descriptive and parametric analysis of recidivism in the French system. I find that repeat dependency on welfare is determined by a weak and unstable standard of living
Cocq, Emmanuel. "L'analyse économique de la politique cinématographique française." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0013.
Full textYamani, Nezha. "Politique économique et piège du sous-développement au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697235.
Full textMalsch, Bertrand. "Trois essais sur les formes contemporaines du pouvoir politique, social et économique de l'expertise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28216/28216.pdf.
Full textBasdevant, Olivier. "Des inégalités et de l'éducation dans la croissance." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010036.
Full textThis thesis studies the relation between inequalities education, and growth, at individual level and country level. A first part analyses the interaction between R&D and education, and then the problem of under-development trap. A second part analyses educative policy
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textDjoudi, Kamel. "Politique de l'enseignement superieur en Algérie : analyse économique." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE009.
Full textIn 60's and 70's Algerian has improved significantly its educational system. Spending for education has increased sharply. Easy borrowing has contributed to this increase since the financing of education was guaranted by Algerian oil ressources. However Algerian is now encountering a financial crisis due to a fall in world oil prices. How did this affect the Algerian educational system ? Were the different levels of education affected in the same way ? This research deals more with the implications of the new difficulties in financing the tertiary level of education in Algeria. What propositions can be made in order to alleviate the burden on public spending for higher education
Larue, Solène. "Microéconomie de la localisation des activités agricoles : le cas d’une production à fortes contraintes environnementales." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE001.
Full textWith the recent modifications of agricultural policies, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the economic determinants of the location of agricultural productions. The thesis leans on the case of a production slightly helped by authorities and subjected to strong environmental constraints. The mechanisms which risk being in work in the future for the various agricultural productions are examined more directly. To solve this problem, we privileged first of all a microeconomic modelling of the porcine sector, by insisting on the spatial effects led by the various structural changes. Afterward, we estimated empirically the impact of the agglomeration externalities (pecuniary, technical or environmental) on the Danish and French porcine productions. Finally, we tested the role of these same determinants on the individual performances of the exploitations to examine if the effects were identical to those noticed at the aggregated level. We show that technical externalities have a prevailing role on the agglomeration and the performances than trade relations of upstream and downstream sectors influence. A contrario, the global effect of the environmental constraints plays a dispersive role on the production but is not intense enough to thwart the effect of the agglomeration externalities. In a global way, these environmental variables do not however alter the individual performances of firms, suggesting that they react to these constraints by an improvement of their technical efficiency
Talha, Larbi. "Surpopulation, réserve de travail et migrations internationales de main d'oeuvre : contribution à une critique des approches économiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX24008.
Full textRekik, Mongi. "Essai sur la pensée économique arabo-islamique du VIIème au XVème siècle." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100052.
Full textObserving in different manuals and various other sources of information which retrace the history of the economical thought a total deficiency regarding the thought produce during the Arab-Islamic civilization, leads us to questioning about the existence of the economical concept in the Arab-Islamic world between the 7th and the 15th centuries. This analysis is divided into four chapters. The first, an introduction chapter, treats of the politico economic situation at that era. The second part, treats of the economic thought in the Islamic legislation. This chapter refers basically to to Qoran and the Sunna. The third chapter recalls the economic thought given by several Arab-Islamic authors. This part is subdivided into three lines. 1 - Ethical, with its main source the papers of Saybani and Abou Al Hassan Abdejjabar. 2 - Practical, tracing the thoughts of Dimasqi, Ibn al Muqaffa'a and the papers of Hisba. 3 - anthropologic, which considers the papers of Ibn Haldun and Haqrizzi finally the 4th chapter. .
Amiri, Massoud. "La coercition économique en droit international." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR30008.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the legality of economic coercion under international law. The subject is dealt with in two parts. In part l, it is proposed to show that economic coercion is prima lacie unlawful. Chapter 1 examines the grounds of this illegality : the principle of the freedom of trade, violation of specific treaty obligations, the rule refraining from the threat or use of force, the principle of nonintervention, the prohibition of economic coercion in the conclusion of treaties and assimilation of economic coercion to aggression. Chapter II is devoted to the definition of the modalities of unlawful economic actions. A distinction is made to that effect between measures aimed directly against a given State and those aimed indirectly against the target State, namely mesures with extraterritorial reach and secondary boycotts. Part II examines the circumstances justifying the exercise of coercion. The first chapter deals with collective sanctions ordered or authorized in the framework of the United Nations. The major questions addressed: circumstances justifying resort to sanctions by the Security Council, the competence of the General Assembly in this area, the exemptions warranted on humanitarian considerations, legal effects and implementation of the U. N. Resolutions and the power of regional arrangements or agencies to order sanctions. The second chapter is devoted to decentralized reactions to illicit acts. It is composed of three sections. The first section is concerned with the conditions of the legality of counter-measures taken by a State directly injured by a wrongful act, such as an attempt for obtaining redress by other means, proportionality and the observance of human rights. The following section examines the possibility of resorting to unilateral counter-measures by States which have not been directly and materially affected by the breach of obligations towards the international community as a whole. The final section focuses on economic measures of legitimate Self-defence
Guetat, Imène. "La convergence au sein de la zone MENA : analyses théoriques et études empiriques." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010034.
Full textGuennif, Samira. "Incertitude, confiance et institution en échange marchand : recherche des fondements de la confiance et application au cas de la sous-traitance dans le secteur de la mécanique de précision." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131018.
Full textAmbrosetti, Elena. "L'économie politique et l'enjeu démographique dans l'Egypte républicaine." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0030.
Full textThis research is about Egyptian fertility during the last fifty years. The fertility has experienced a unique evolution compared to other countries with similar development level: an early drop of the TFR has been observed since the end of the fifties, followed by a long fluctuation period, then by a new decline since the middle eighties, by a stagnation during the second part of the nineties, and finally by a new decline since the year 2000. The main hypothesis of the study is that fertility has kept a medium level for several reasons, in particular the institutional context, the religious traditionalism, the economic crisis and poverty, the political situation, the role of women in the society, the early marriage, the infant and maternal mortality…Therefore we try to conceptualize the effects of institutions from the economical, social, political and religious point of view on demographic behaviours, in particular on the fertility decline. Actually we study the factors that affect the supply and the demand of children and we observe the political context in which fertility transition takes place. We use several source of data: the Egyptian Fertility Survey (EFS) of 1980; the Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) of the years 1988, 1992, 1995, 2000, 2003, and published data from the Central Agency of Social Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS), United Nations, NGO's and The Egyptian Central Bank
Anglarill, Nida Beatriz. "La coopération économique dans le panafricanisme et l'organisation de l'unité africaine de 1900 à nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0023.
Full textNgambou, Djatche Melchisedek Joslem. "Stabilité financière et coordination des politiques économiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0002.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of the triangle formed by monetary policy, prudential policy and bank’s risk-taking. Accordingly, this thesis aims to study the effects of monetary policy on banks’ risk-taking and to determine the conditions for monetary and prudential policy coordination in order to ensure the stability of the banking sector and the solvency of financial institutions. At the macroeconomic level, we also assess the impact of this coordination on domestic credit and on the expected cost of bank failure. The first chapter reviews the literature on theoretical and empirical analysis of the risk-taking channel, and the analysis of the issue of monetary policy coordination with prudential policy. This literature review reveals that the effects of monetary policy on bank risk-taking are not one-sided, calling into question our knowledge of the monetary risk-taking channel. Similarly, this chapter suggests that the nature of monetary and prudential policy coordination is not unique. The second chapter is devoted to an original empirical study on the risk-taking channel of monetary policy. Using a panel threshold model, we show that monetary policy has different effects depending on the "monetary regime" in which monetary policy is conducted. Thus, a fall in interest rates leads to more risk-taking if monetary policy is considered loose (interest rate below the Taylor rule rate). Conversely, when monetary policy is considered as restrictive (interest rate above Taylor’s rule rate), a decrease in interest rate reduces banks risk level. The third chapter examines the impact of monetary policy on bank’s risk according to the nature of prudential policy. Using a partial equilibrium model, we determine conditions under which monetary policy, in presence of a risk sensitive capital requirement ratio, would lead the bank to take more risk. The results show that the effects of monetary policy on banking risk are not independent of the nature of microprudential policy. The objectives of financial stability and reduction of the cost of a bank failure, taken together, makes it possible to identify situations in which it is necessary to complement the microprudential tool with a macroprudential one. However, macroprudential intervention, which comes at the expense of financing the economy, is not always effective in limiting the costs of bank failure
Malonga, Marie-Albert. "Essai d'évaluation économique d'une politique publique : l'exemple de la politique forestière du Congo (1974-1985)." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100039.
Full textThe object of the study is to investigate the impact of public policy or forestry. The essence is to determine whether public policy has reached its objective of making firms engaged in exploiting forestry resources in the Congo adopt an optimal approach towards the trade-of between the preservation of the ecological balance and the requirements of the profit maximization objective. In this respect, we have had to conduct our analysis around two principal issues, namely (1) the problem of disinvestment and (2) the wish of government to achieve a certain degree of transformation before export. We have analyzed the disinvestment phenomenon using the C. Khang model. The a analysis reveals a significant differential in long period stationary stock levels, depending on whether exploiting firms take externalities into account or not. Still on the disinvestment problem, we have been able to appreciate by means of the Clark-Nunro and the Cropper-Lee-Pannu models, the necessary and sufficient economic conditions which lead to the extinction of renewable natural resources. The assessment show s that public sector enterprises are not adequately adapted to the role of stimulating the forestry sector, due largely to their excessive dependence on government and the preponderance of the redistribution function over that of accumulation. On the side of mixed firms, transport, and domestic marketing conditions reduce firm effectiveness. In spite of heavy government investment in the forestry sector, the pre-1974 problems of ecological balance and sectorial industrialization, among others, persist. The situation then calls for a radical change in governent policy and economic philosophy as a prerequisite to its new participation in the sector
Bach, Laurent. "L' évaluation des effets économiques des programmes spatiaux : fondements des méthodologies et perspectives dynamiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1EC10.
Full textAlbulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu. "La stabilité du secteur financier en Roumanie dans la perspective de son adhésion à l'UEM." Universitatea de Vest (Timişoara, Roumanie), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5030.
Full textThe analysis of systemic financial stability stands for a complex demarche which supposes the analysis of the supervision framework, the identification of potential stability risks, and the identification of quantitive techniques applied for assessing financial system stability. The present study follows a similar path and its aim is to analize the romanian financial system stability in the context of EMU [Economic and monetary union] accession. A distinctive element of the study is represented by the comparative approach of systemic stability quantitative assessment techniques and by the construction of a financial stability index stability in the perspective of euro adoption. In respect of romanian financial sector stability, degradation is visible as a consequence of the present international fianancial crisis. That is why the financial system seems unprepared for sustaining Romania's accession to the EMU
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Rapoport, Hillel. "Développement et pouvoir en Afrique noire : éléments pour une analyse économique du clientélisme." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020069.
Full textRazaki, Chakirou. "Stabilité et instabilité de l'économie américaine : construction et exploitation de la maquette d'un modèle dynamique macro-économique." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100184.
Full textIn this thesis we analyze the recurrent instability of the American economy. We study the fluctuations of this economy through a model of applied macro econometrics using the microeconomic theory of disequilibrium. The process deals with the construction, the estimation and the use of the empirical dynamic systems which are stable, unstable or present stationary dis-equilibria. The stable equilibria are effective during the periods of balanced growth while the instability occurs in case of booms or recessions. Even though we follow the work of Dumenil and Levy, we build a two-sector macroeconomic model of general disequilibrium which is non-linear and includes exogenous variables. The use of eigenvalues of transfer matrices associated with several versions of the model gives stability conditions. We take into account the random evolutions of the American economy. The initial survey of the literature in the field and the applications points out the pertinence of the inherent theory within the proposed models: the examination of Keynesian and neo-classical theoretical models confirms their handicap in case of a robust macroeconomic modelling (microeconomic basis or rapid macroeconomic extension)
Chabane, Mohamed. "Agriculture, rente et développement : de l'histoire à la prospective, le cas de l’Algérie." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseChabane.pdf.
Full textSince 1962, Algeria has experienced strong population dynamics, which broke various balances economic, social and natural. One consequence of this population pressure is seen through the imbalance of agricultural resources, which led to an extremely high food dependency vis-à-vis other countries. Today, most of the commodity is imported and the gap between supply and demand is increasingly rising. Since the intensive exploitation of hydrocarbons, agriculture has often been neglected and relegated to second place. However, agricultural policy initiated by the country's independence ensured top performance in the agricultural sector, which enjoyed a reputation as an exporter sector mainly due to policies of basic infrastructures, , and of all sorts of supports as , a way of promoting very advanced techniques. How and why could farming reach such a state? What the State could do if the hydrocarbon resources are running low? How can the State put farming in the forefront? How can it give agriculture a place with which it will contribute to the economic development of the nation? How can it meet the challenges of the future and cope with population growth, climate change and depletion of natural resources, presently the almost only sources of finance for the State? To answer these questions, we first consider the history of the Algerian agriculture during the last centuries. This quest leads to the conclusion that a real farm policy, founded over a real and effective study of Algerian agricultural sector is necessary. To this end, a mathematical model linking together the main parameters of the Algerian agricultural system is built. Focused on the future of the sector in Algeria, its goal is not only to imitate behaviour of agricultural systems but also to produce scenarios that could occur in reality in case of policy changes it is based on a rational analysis of land use patterns as depicted in field studies
Hamiche, M'Hamed. "Chemin de fer, aménagement de l'espace et développement économique au Maroc." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1501.
Full textLeonetti, Xavier. "Etat, entreprises, intelligence économique, quel rôle pour la puissance publique ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32029.
Full textToday as before companies place themselves at the heart of information, at the very centre-point where all the vectors and objectives of information come together. The heir of information, competitive stratégy is different as it replaces political power by economic power. Indeed it is half way between the private interests of the managing director and the general interests supported by the state. The state, companies, economic strategy all have one common objective: the prosperity of a country and its inhabitants. In France, the government became belatedly involved in a process of defining strategic objectives and the mutualisation of services. Despite a tradition of technical excellence as well as intuitive imagination, France has a certain number of preoccupyiny weak points (cultural, legal…). Consequently the implantation of a policy of economic strategy should enable the State to progress from being a “modest State” to a “modern State” by reinforeing the legitimacy of its overall public action. Therefore the concepts of “a strategic State” and a “Partner State” constitute one of the solutions to the dead-end of social liberalism and to the difficulties of the government to renew with full employment. With legal vigilance and protection of the patrimony the State should accompany business in their local, national and international development
Edel, Frédéric. "Eléments néo-institutionnels pour une analyse économique du service universel de télécommunications." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010017.
Full textSfaxi, Hend. "Choix et soutenabilité des politiques de change dans les pays en développement en vue de la stabilité macroéconomique et de la croissance : étude comparative entre la Tunisie et le Maroc." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0033.
Full textThe collapse of the system of Bretton Woods and the appearance of the floating of currencies have draw away of the important fluctuations of the exchange rate. Given the vulnerability of developing countries in external shocks, these last preferred adopting policies of exchange rate to achieve their objectives of macroeconomic stabilization, balance of payments bearability and economic growth. Our study shows that these objectives begin to be accomplished in Tunisia and in Morocco only as soon as these two countries began the opening of their foreign exchange market and the relaxation of their exchange rate. The policy of floating exchange rate matched by a capital account deregulation, is therefore recommended, for both countries, especially in the present situation for Tunisia and Morocco by the opening of their markets, not to keep a fixed exchange rate. However, the liberalization of the capital account includes risks and can cause financial and exchange crisis when the financial system is not rather solid nor developed; and the policy of a floating exchange rate and free circulation of capital seem to be able to draw away a rocking of the overall balance. We showed also that, in spite of the stability of the overall balance of Tunisia and Morocco, their financial systems and especially banking are still fragile and not very competitive, what makes them vulnerable in possible crisis. Therfore, they think that a policy of flexible exchange rate and free mouvement of capital should not be immediately implemented and that the development of the financial system and the “mise à niveau” of both economies should continue
Daniel, Karine. "Politique agricole et localisation des activités dans l'Union européenne : une analyse en économie géographique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010042.
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