Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stabilité thermique et photochimique'
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Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014.
Full textThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells
Studer, Katia Celine. "Polymérisations photochimique et thermique de résines acryliques." Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0762.
Full textThis PhD work is addressing two major issues encountered by the light-induced polymerization: the inhibitory effect of oxygen on the radical polymerization of acrylic resins, which was sucessfully overcome by working in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, and the lack of cure in the shadow areas which cannot be reached by the light and where the resin remains therefore liquid. Dual-cure systems have been developped by associating to the light- induced polymerization a thermal reaction, either a polyaddition between isocyanates and hydrogen donors, or a thermally induced acrylic polymerization. This last reaction was succesfully induced by using benzoyl peroxide or a redox initiator involving either a benzoyl peroxide/amine system or a cerium salt. Redox polymerization offers the advantage that it can be performed at a relatively low temperature (80ʿC)
MOTZ, SCHALCK LAURENCE. "Etude de la degradation photochimique et thermique de colorants capillaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21770.
Full textLafon, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse, stabilité thermique et frittage d'hydroxyapatites carbonatées." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/01944990-650e-4d4b-8a6b-6fb386bd453c/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0007.pdf.
Full textSingle-phased B-type carbonated apatites (substitution of phosphate ions by carbonate ions) Ca10-xx(PO4)6-x(CO3)x(OH)2-xx (with 0 £ x £ 2) were synthesised by precipitation in aqueous media with regulated pH and temperature conditions, in order to produce bone substitutes. The ratio of carbonate substitution in the apatite was controlled by the carbonate to phosphorus (C/P) molar ratio of reagents and increased with it. Powders were single phased of apatitic structure if (C/P) did not exceed 1. For higher values, the synthesis led to a biphasic precipitate CaCO3 or CaO and apatite. The decarbonatation reaction under partial pressures of water vapour, CO2 and inert gas was governed by a bivariant equilibrium. It implies an apatitic solid solution made of two constituents and a secondary phase of CaCO3 or CaO. Thermodynamically, the decarbonatation reaction depended only on the partial pressure of CO2 and on the initial composition of the apatite. However, the reaction is catalysed by water vapour. In the same time but independently of the B sites decarbonatation equilibrium, depending on the temperature, partial pressures of CO2 and H2O the A sites ("hydroxide" sites) can loss or gain carbonate or hydroxide ions according to a trivariant system of two equilibria between three constituents of an apatite solid solution. A partial pressure of CO2 in the sintering atmosphere allowed to prevent the decarbonatation of the B sites at temperatures authorizing the densification of the materials. So, the different compositions synthesised in this study could be densified beyond 95%. The sintering temperature decreased when the carbonate substitution ratio in B sites of the apatite increased, but raised when the carbonate substitution ratio in A sites augmented. The presence of water vapour in the sintering atmosphere enhanced the sintering by inhibiting A sites carbonatation
Demoulin, Pascal. "Structure et stabilité thermique et magnétique des protubérances solaires." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077040.
Full textPiram, Anne. "Les β-bloquants et stéroïdes dans l'environnement : analyse LC / MS / MS, occurrence et stabilité photochimique." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10203.
Full textLa quantification et le devenir de résidus pharmaceutiques ont un intérêt environnemental puisqu’ils peuvent affecter l’écosystème à des concentrations de l’ordre du ng/L. Dans cette étude, les résidus de stéroïdes et de β-bloquants ont particulièrement été ciblés. Des méthodes analytiques ont été développées en vue de la quantification de stéroïdes et de β-bloquants dans le domaine du ng/L. La première méthode permet l’élution séquentielle de corticostéroïdes puis de β-bloquants à partir d’une unique procédure d’extraction sur phase solide, l’analyse a ensuite été réalisée par LC/MS/MS. Une seconde méthode totalement automatisée a permis l’extraction/dérivation/LC/MS/MS en ligne des estrogènes à partir d’un échantillon d’1 mL. L’application de ces méthodes à des échantillons de station d’épuration a démontré la contamination des eaux de l’agglomération lyonnaise par des résidus provenant de ces classes pharmaceutiques. Par ailleurs, cette étude démontre l’instabilité photochimique des corticostéroïdes et des β-bloquants dans les conditions environnementales. La photolyse de la cortisone conduit à 3 principaux photoproduits qui ont été caractérisés dans cette étude. Ces travaux montrent également l’apparition de nombreux isomères de position provenant de réaction d’hydroxylation photochimique des β-bloquants
Rat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés catalytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26212/26212.pdf.
Full textRat-Valdambrini, Micha. "Stabilité thermique et propriétés caralytiques des matériaux mésostructurés hybrides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20781.
Full textHallack, Ferreira Mônica. "Croissance et inactivations thermique et photochimique de Legionella pneumophila : détermination de constantes cinétiques et procédés de traitement." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1697.
Full textThe epidemics of pneumopathies due to Legionella pneumophila (Lp) are in constant evolution. The ecology of Lp is complex since protozoa and biofilms are usually involved. The aims of this work were to obtain kinetic data of Lp serogroup 1 between 37°C and 60°C in pure culture and to evaluate a new process of Lp elimination by UV radiations. We measured a growth rate μmax of 1. 1 h-l at 37°C as well as the decay constants. Lp growth was optimal between 37°C and 45°C. Cellular mortality exceeded growth at 50°C and increased with temperature. Thermal inactivation was about 9 times greater at 60°C than that at 55°C. UV inactivation decreased by 10 the concentration of cultivable Legionella on Petri dishes dishes after ~ 1 second of irradiation in continuous flow. These results illustrate the need of a rigorous control of temperature as well as the importance of combining different treatments to ensure the disinfection of water systems
Billon, Laurent. "Matrices organiques à haute stabilité thermique et résistance à l'oxydation." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3037.
Full textGAUMET, SERGE. "Etude comparee des mecanismes d'evolution photochimique et thermique du polychlorure de vinyle et du polychlorure de vinylidene." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21205.
Full textDelor-Jestin, Florence. "Comportement thermique et photochimique à long terme d'élastomères pour applications dans le secteur de l' automobile." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20838.
Full textGuemouri, Younes. "Équilibres et stabilité thermiques des supraconducteurs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL117N.
Full textCong, Weimin. "Préparation, caractérisation et stabilité thermique de différentes phases de l’hydrure d’aluminium (alane)." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2275.
Full textAluminum hydride or alane AlH3 is a very important material as energetic additives in rocket propellants. There are at least eight AlH3 phases found in the literature. But in fact only the most stable α-AlH3 (Hf° = -11. 4 kJ mol-1) can be a candidate for the potential utilization. The safe, reliable, low toxic and low cost synthesis methods of pure α-AlH3 attracted numerous studies. The alane samples are synthesized using an organometallic synthesis method in two steps : (i) preparation of a soluble alane complex solvated by ether; and (ii) removal of ether to get the non-sovated alane. 1) 3 LiAlH4 (in ether) + AlCl3 (in ether) (+ LiBH4) 4 AlH3·Et2O (solvated) + 3 LiCl(s) 2) AlH3·Et2O (solvated) (heat treatment / crystallization in solvent solution) AlH3(s). With changing heat treatment conditions and crystallization condition, kinds of alane samples are prepared. These samples are characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron spectroscopy, Raman scattering microprobe and NMR (27Al and 1H, for the study of alane solvated solution in ether). The decomposition performances of the samples are investigated by TGA-DTA and In-situ X-ray diffraction. Among these samples, pure γ-phase alane and pure α-phase alane are obtained successfully. The heat treatment temperature and the crystallization conditions in solvent solution play very important roles in the pure γ and α phase alane preparation respectively. After the stabilization treatment, α-phase alane are well stabilized. The samples are very stable until the main decomposition. The pure α-phase alane sample is prepared with larger scale (from 2 g to 6 g) and is repeatedly synthesized successfully. It has proved this preparation method is reliable and reproducible
Bonnet, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et mise en oeuvre de polyaniline conductrice à stabilité thermique améliorée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10021.
Full textHirata, Silvia. "Stabilité de la convection thermique et / ou solutale en couches fluide et poreuse superposées." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175767.
Full textLucas, Sandrine. "Synthèse et comportement thermique (stabilité et frittage) de phosphates de terres rares cériques ou yttriques." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7ce04766-7952-4500-bd34-87ec1b24fd0b/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0005.pdf.
Full textRare earth orthophosphates, LnPO4,nH2O (Ln = La, Ce or Y), were synthesized by precipitation in aqueous media. The effect of pH, temperature, reagents stoichiometry and ripening time on the chemical composition and the The study of the thermal behaviour showed the presence of metaphosphates as a secondary phase in the temperature range 1000ʿC-1400ʿC that was very detrimental to the sintering. It is removed by calcining the powders at 1400ʿC. Thermogravimetry proved to be the best technique in order to insure the purity of the precipitates since it allows the detection of this phase down to a lower threshold than that associated with the other investigated characterization methods (IR or Raman spectrometry, chemical analysis, XRD, DTA). The monazites (La ou Ce)PO4 densify at 1400ʿC by natural sintering whereas the xenotime YPO4 is not yet sintered at 1500ʿC. Hot pressing at that temperature is required to its densification. The mechanical properties of the monazites remain low (sf 120 MPa, K1c 1,2 MPa. M1/2). The xenotime ceramic is much more mechanically resistant ((sf 320 MPa, K1c 1,5 MPa. M1/2). An important acicular growth of the grains during the sintering of the xenotime (that occurs also during the synthesis process) is considered to be responsible for the behaviour and properties differences between this material and monazites
Richer, Stéphanie. "Stabilité thermique et dégradation sous atmosphère contrôlée de prépolymères thermostables à terminaisons propargylique et cyanate." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10301.
Full textLedru, Jacques. "Etude des cinétiques du vieillissement physique et des relaxations moléculaires de résines polyuréthanes acrylates réticulées par voies thermique et photochimique." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES041.
Full textRouillon, Camille. "Etude de l'impact des vieillissements photochimique, thermique et climatique sur les propriétés d'aspect de polypropylènes teintés masse colorés." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22636.
Full textUnder photochemical, thermal and hydrolytic stresses, polymers undergo an often-irreversible degradation of their functional properties. The study of the mechanisms governing the degradation of the properties is important, and understanding the involved phenomena at every scale is mandatory to predict the material lifetime. This PhD thesis aims at understanding the mechanisms underlying the loss of appearance properties of mass coloured polypropylene materials, using a multi-scale and multi-criteria approach. Formulations were progressively made more complex during this study, in order to understand the influence of organic pigments, stabilizers, and talc, on the appearance changes of the material under exposure. Thanks to the obtained results and to the threshold values determined for each identified criterion during degradation monitoring, an analytical model to study mass coloured polypropylene ageing could be proposed
Hafsaoui, Said Lotfi. "Etude et modélisation de la stabilité thermique et des propriétés des polyamides au cours du rotomoulage." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00997118.
Full textGreck, Olivier. "Fibres céramiques à base de carbure de silicium : stabilité thermique et comportement à l'oxydation." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0030.
Full textDeprat, Fabien. "Etude et optimisation de la stabilité thermique du silicure et du beol intermédiaire pour l'intégration 3D séquentielle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT015/document.
Full textThe 3D sequential integration is a smart alternative to planar device scaling. In this integration, the stacked transistors are processed sequentially, thus implying the reduction of the top thermal budget processes in order to preserve the bottom levels. For the FDSOI technology, the maximum thermal budget is set at 500 °C, 2 h. Despite the work done to reduce the thermal budget of the FDSOI processes, it is difficult to comply with this limit, as for example for the epitaxial raised source and drain which would need a thermal budget limit relaxation. In the frame of this Ph.D work, the thermal stability of the FDSOI transistors and the intermediate Back-End-Of-Line have been studied and optimized. The FDSOI transistor silicide has been identified as the most sensitive element to the thermal budget. Its degradation imply the access resistance degradation and favor the diffusion of the silicide into the channel. For this purpose, the Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide has been studied. To increase its thermal stability up to 600 °C, 2 h, two enhancers have been integrated: the pre-amorphization implant and the integration of a silicon capping over the Si0.70Ge0.30 source and drain. The effects of these enhancers on the thermal stability have been analyzed and understood. In addition to those, the Ni0.90Co0.10 has been integrated for the first time on 14 nm node FDSOI transistors. This first attempt is positive: identical performances on pMOS transistors have been obtained with Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide compare to Ni0.85Pt0.15 silicide, which is studied since the 2000’s. However, the improvement of thermal stability is not yet achieved on FDSOI transistors with Ni0.90Co0.10 silicide. Concerning the stability of the intermediate BEOL, the stability of dielectrics has first been studied and characterized by ellipsometry, FTIR and ellipsometric–porosimetry. Thus, insulating/barrier pairs have been defined for each thermal budget between 500 °C and 600 °C, 2 h. The metal lines have been studied using a 28nm node layout. Due to its limited contaminant characteristic, tungsten has been analyzed in addition to copper. Both materials show a good thermal stability: 500 °C, 2 h for copper and 550 °C, 5 h for tungsten despite the higher resistivity of tungsten. A factor 6 has been measured between these two materials. The resistance of a tungsten line has been improved by the integration of a new barrier. Finally, the state of the art Back-End-Of-Line dielectric reliability, the porous SiOCH, has been studied, function of the thermal budget, in structure integrated tungsten metal lines. In these conditions, the dielectric lifetime is estimated at 1e16 years. Despite its reduction due to thermal budget at 600 °C, 2 h (1e7 years), the tungsten lifetime estimation remains higher than the one obtained with copper lines without thermal budget
Janvier, Catherine. "Solutions solides de zirconium dans la cérine : modèle thermodynamique et stabilité thermique a haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841807.
Full textPulvin, Sylviane. "Stabilité thermique et biochimique de systèmes enzymatiques : comportement spécifique avec des substrats ou produits gazeux." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPE089.
Full textAmélio, Sandrine. "Evolution microstructurale d'un alliage à base TiAl : sollicitation mécanique par compression dynamique et stabilité thermique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_AMELIO_S.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the microstructural evolution of a γ-TiAl alloy during dynamic compression tests between 196 and 600 °C and isothermal heat treatments at 700 and 900 °C for various times, between 3 and 18 days. The alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-46. 5Al-4(Cr, Nb, Ta, B) (at. %) and a near lamellar microstructure presents a good combination of mechanical strength and ductility. The alloy is compound of three ordered phases: alpha-Ti3Al, gamma-TiAl and B2-TiAl. A study of the crystal structure of the B2, gamma and alpha2 phases, of their the orientation relationships and of the coincidence site lattices and the displacement shift complete lattices has been performed by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED, Tanaka Multibeam Method and Microdiffraction)
Janvier, Catherine. "Solutions solides de zirconium dans la cérine : modèle thermodynamique et stabilité thermique à haute température." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841807.
Full textDitta, Alexis. "Effets de l’incorporation de nanocharges sur les propriétés viscoélastiques et la stabilité thermique du polyoxyméthylène." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2048.
Full textIn order to improve the creep resistance of the polyoxymethylene (POM), the effect of organoclay incorporation by melt polymer intercalation has been studied. Even if some of the organoclays tested efficiently improved the POM mechanical properties, adding of 5 %w of these nanoparticles led to a significant decrease of its thermal stability. The study of the degradation by infrared spectrometry (in attenuated total reflectance mode) combined with the quantitative analysis of the organoclays surface chemistry showed that Brønsted acidic sites cause the elimination of acetyloxy end-capped group of POM macromolecules, and as a consequence to a depolymerization reaction. The induction of this degradation mechanism by the nanoparticles leads to a degradation ten times faster than the unfilled POM. Lewis acid sites featured on the nanoparticles surface accelerates the classical degradation process of end-capped POM by statistical chain scission followed by depolymerization of unstable species generated. Eventually, dispersing 4 %w of fumed silica nanoparticles (deprived of any acidic sites after a surface modification with hexamethyldisilazane) into POM allows a 20% increase of the modulus and a creep improvement of about 200 hours at 90°C, by restraining the macromolecules mobility
Petit, Jean-Fabien. "Etude de la stabilité thermique de l’ammoniaborane : de la synthèse aux caractérisations thermogravimétriques et spectroscopiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS256.
Full textBoron and nitrogen based-materials offer a great potential and interest in energy applications and in particular in the field of hydrogen storage. The ammonia borane (NH3BH3) was revealed, in the mid 2000s, as a material with high gravimetric (19.6%m) and volumetric (140 g.L-1) capacities in hydrogen. During the analysis of the literature we realized that all studies on ammonia borane treated on its thermal destabilization, so we chose an original approach by focusing our work on the thermal stabilization of ammonia borane. My thesis work focused on the synthesis of ammonia borane to identify the best synthesis parameters (boron and nitrogen precursors, solvent, and temperature) for the highest possible onset temperature. Indeed, by varying some precursors we observed a change in the onset temperature and therefore in the thermal stability of the ammonia borane. After determining the best synthesis parameters we undertook thermal and thermolytic studies to understand which factor(s) is(are) responsible for the stabilization's differences. For this, we performed thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometer studies to determine the dehydrogenation mechanism and studies in isothermal conditions to verify the stability of our ammonia boranes. Thirdly we performed a spectroscopic study by XPS and solid state MAS-NMR of boron 11 and nitrogen 15. These studies allowed us to identify a new mechanism of dehydrogenation of ammonia borane for experiments in isothermal conditions
Bear, Nicolas. "Analyse thermique de la stabilité d'oxydes d'uranium et de leurs réactions avec des fluorures alcalins." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112280.
Full textThe conversion of uranium into uranium hexafluoride gas involves many chemical steps of the existing process. The objective of this study is to simplify these steps to produce the uranium fluoride directly in gaseous form by electrolysis of a salt of uranium dissolved in a molten fluoride salt mixture (mixture of potassium, sodium and lithium fluoride called FLiNaK). After a thermodynamic study on the feasibility of direct electrolytic production of uranium hexafluoride gas, the composition of the electrolytic bath is determined. Thermal analysis will allow to consider melts containing uranium compounds and alkali fluorides in determining the thermodynamic parameters and temperatures (melting, recrystallization) needed to define the optimal composition of the electrolytic bath
Broyard, Camille. "Structure et stabilité face au traitement UHT de micelles de caséines acidifiées et modifiées." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSARB272.
Full textAs sterilization destabilizes acidified dairy proteins, stabilizers are usually added. The objective of this thesis was to understand the physicochemical mechanisms induced by the acidification of dairy formulas and to look for clean label solutions to stabilize for acidified and heat treated caseins. To study their stability, the mineralization, surface charge, hydration and chemical modifications of caseins were characterized.At the pilot scale, caseins were more stable at pH > 5.8 (between pH 6.7 and 3.7), low temperature (8 versus 42°C), in formulas which were enriched in proteins (7 versus 3.2 %) and acidified with citric acid (versus lactic). This set of conditions (amid 140 combinations) would be the best to preserve the stability of proteins because it would correspond to a decrease of electrostatic and hydrophobic repulsions and of diffusion and to an increase of buffer strength and of citrate-chelated calcium content.However, a heat treatment at 120°C during 15 s destabilized casein micelles from pH 6.2 whatever the set of conditions. Adding fat did not bring any improvement.Next, lactosylation was studied to decrease the pHi of caseins so as to stabilize them at acidic pH. A heat pretreatment (90°C/60 min) at pH 7.5 in the presence of lactose was applied to casein micelles in several physicochemical environments. Lactosylation rates of casein in aqueous conditions were low but they were increased with high lactose content (150 g/L) or in dry conditions. This heat pretreatment, implemented with a high casein (50 g/L) or mineral (triple-concentrated permeate content) concentration improved even more the heat stability of acidified proteins than lactosylation only. This could be explained by higher buffer strength due to this richer environnement
Chouard, Nolwenn. "Structure, stabilité thermique et résistance sous irradiation externe de verres aluminoborosilicatés riches en terres rares et en molybdène." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00644194.
Full textPetitjean, Sébastien Jean Denis. "Rôle de la conductivité thermique des radioéléments et du solidus dans l'origine et la stabilité des cratons archéens." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30148.
Full textHelgorsky, Catherine. "Influence de la structure sur la stabilité des peroxycetals et sur leurs produits de décomposition thermique." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10560.
Full textGraber, Marianne. "Influence du microenvironnement sur le comportement cinétique et la stabilité thermique de l'alpha-amylase d'Aspergillus oryzae." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0007.
Full textDupuis, Aurélie. "Caractérisation, optimisation et comportement photochimique de couches actives de cellules photovoltaïques organiques à base de poly(3-hexylthiophène)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741958.
Full textPerson, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement dynamique et thermique des garnitures mécaniques d'étanchéité." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2300.
Full textFernandez, Rivera Catalina. "Stabilité thermique de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques des alliages Al3Cr1Ce et Al3Cr(1V,2Si) (% at) rapidement solidifiés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL083N.
Full textUpasen, Settakorn. "Stabilité chimique et structurale de pérovskites céramiques de conductrice protoniques pour piles à combustible et électrolyseurs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066270/document.
Full textThe chemical and structural stability of well-densified ceramics potentially used as H2/air fuelcell/electrolyzer (and perhaps in CO2/Hydrocabons Converter) electrolyte or electrodes vs. CO2-free/saturated pressurized water has been studied. The pressurization maximizes the efficiency of theenergy conversion systems. Four types of pervoskite-related oxide ceramics were concerned:BaCe0.4Zr0.5Y0.1Zn0.04O3-d (BCZYZ), SrZr0.9Er0.1O3-d (SZE), Ln2NiO4+d (LNO, Ln = La, Pr, Nd), andLa0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF6428). Dense ceramic samples were exposed at 550°C to water vaporpressure in an autoclave for days to weeks. The protonation treatments were performed in twodifferent conditions: operating condition (£20 bar of CO2-free water pressure, 550°C) and acceleratedaging conditions (³40 bar of CO2-free/CO2-saturated water pressure, 550°C). The pristine and‘protonated’ samples were characterized using various analysis techniques: Optical Microscopy,Thermogravimetry, Thermal Expansion, (micro/macro) ATR FTIR, Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-rayand Neutron Scattering. The study reveals that under the operating condition (£20 bar), the stability ofLNO/LSCF6428 electrode materials and of SZE electrolyte appears good, while the BCZYZelectrolyte exhibit significant corrosion. The superior stability of LSFC6428 exposed in extreme CO2-water vapor atmosphere was demonstrated about 5 to 30 times better than LNO and SZE homologues.The surface secondary phases form at the grain boundary. The protonation modifies more or less thestructure symmetry, the unit-cell volume/parameter and the phase transition sequence in relation withthe modification of the oxygen vacancy distribution. The proton doping level for different samples isalso discussed
Vaillant, Marie-Laure. "Stabilité physico-chimique et propriétés mécaniques d'un verre métallique massif ZrCuAlNi de l'ambiante à 600°c." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10134.
Full textDevarennes-Hamdani, Siska. "Etude fondamentale du comportement au feu de composites silicones : stabilité thermique, résidus sous pyrolyse et tests calorimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726168.
Full textBoulat, Laetitia. "Etude de la stabilité thermique d'un matériau skutterudite et développement de barrières de diffusion pour applications thermoélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20214.
Full textDue to the current energy context, thermoelectricity based on the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is of great interest. Direct conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy requires the use of thermoelectric devices made of n- and p-type semiconductor couples connected by electrical junctions. RM4X12 (R: rare earth, M: transition metal, X: pnictogen) skutterudite compounds have been reported to be promising for thermoelectric applications in the [400-600]°C intermediate temperature range. However the performance of thermoelectric devices is strongly dependent on the joining of thermoelectric couples with metal electrodes as the conversion efficiency is greatly influenced by the contact resistance. High electrical and thermal conductivities are required associated with a high interfacial mechanical strength. Moreover the joining material has to be selected to avoid any interfacial reaction occurring during the device fabrication and use. Diffusion barriers are also needed to limit these interfacial reactions which may be detrimental to the thermoelectric device performance. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of tantalum nitride based materials as diffusion barriers. TaN single layer and TaN/Ta/TaN multilayers barriers were deposited by sputtering between the CeFe4Sb12 skutterudite substrate and the Cu electrical junction. The inter-diffusion of elements was studied through these mono- and multi-layers, of 1 μm or 1.5 μm in thickness. In a first step, the thermal stability of the skutterudite has been investigated to determine the use temperature range of this material. In a second step the efficiency of TaN and TaN/Ta/TaN layers as diffusion barriers has been determined from a microstructural study. CeFe4Sb12/barrier/Cu stackings were previously annealed under vacuum in the [400-600]°C temperature range. Finally a theoretical study of the migration mechanisms was carried out from the calculations of the incorporation and migration energies of species, more specifically Sb and Cu, in the bulk tantalum nitride
Frikha, Nader. "Conduite de la réaction chimique en réacteurs discontinus : application aux réactions catalytiques homogènes et hétérogènes : stabilité thermique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_FRIKHA_N.pdf.
Full textIn order to better understand and control batch reactions, two exothermic catalytic reactions are studied: a homogeneous and a heterogeneous one. The kinetics of the dichromate catalysed decomposition of the hydrogene peroxide is first studied. An experimental definition of the stability conditions is proposed and makes it possible to define the conditions avoiding any thermal runaway. A method of identification of kinetic and thermic parameters for the solid catalysed nitrobenzene hydrogenation is then developed. This method is based only on light experimental procedure involving temperature and pressure measurements. A global model is first eveloped and the parameters that control the reaction and prevent thermal runways are defined. The key parameter which conditions the thermal stability of the system is shown to be the stirring speed. Lastly, a rigorous batch model, based on the film theory, is established. It shows that the results given by the global model are coherent with those of the rigorous approach
Hamdani, Devarennes Siska. "Etude fondamentale du comportement au feu de composites silicones : stabilité thermique, résidus sous pyrolyse et tests calorimétriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20023/document.
Full textThis PhD work has been devoted to the study of the thermal behavior of silicone composites. A preliminary review on the flame retardancy of silicone reported numerous works devoted to the development of thermally-resistant silicone composites or silicone polymers used as flame retardant agents in other organic polymer matrices. The first part of our experimental work highlighted the key role of macromolecular chain immobilization, through the synergy of platinum and silica, in generating high ceramized residue content after thermal gravimetry. The second part of this work was dedicated to the study of silicone composites filled with either calcium or aluminum-based fillers. The filler nature (non hydrated, water releasing or hydroxyl groups on the surface), the morphology and the particle size strongly influenced the thermal behavior of silicone composites. The analyses on composites residues after extreme pyrolysis showed that the formation of new crystalline structures and the absence of water release favored the residue ceramization. The investigation on fire reaction of silicone composites finally granted their outstanding properties to the matrix thermal stability and/or a barrier layer formation
Da, Costa Hirata Silvia. "STABILITE DE LA CONVECTION THERMIQUE ET/OU SOLUTALE EN COUCHES FLUIDE ET POREUSE SUPERPOSEES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175767.
Full textOmari, Mahmoud. "Matériaux conducteurs anioniques au sein des systèmes Bi2O3-M2O3-Pb0 (M=Y, Sm) : Stabilité thermique et propriétés électriques." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10160.
Full textHein, Christophe. "Etude de la stabilité à l'oxydation d'hydrocarbures modèles et du kérosène Jet A-1." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066470.
Full textIn modern aircrafts, on board fuel is not only used for propulsion and enhanced global performance but can also be considered as primary coolant. In the fuel system and injection device, a great thermal load can be transferred to the fuel. This thermal stress leads to formation of solid hydrocarbon deposits. The aim of this work consists in the study of Jet-A1 fuel oxydation during a thermal stress. The degradation of a thermaly stressed kerosene has been demonstrated. Deposits have been characterized by SEM/EDS, TEM and IR spectroscopy. Their formation could be linked to the reactor walls. Stressed liquid phases and gas have been characterized, using GC and GC/MS. This work was able to validate the experimental devices and analytical technics set up in the laboratory and identify the behavior of various hydrocarbon families in oxidative conditions using in backward flow and under pressure
Tillie, Luc. "Etude et optimisation de la stabilité thermique et de la tenue en température de P-STT-MRAM pour des applications industrielles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT133.
Full textWith the amount of data increasing drastically during the last few decades, the need for new technological solutions rose. One of the answers to this problem consists in improving the actual hardware with emerging Non-Volatile Memories (e-NVM). Within these new solutions, the Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) gains a lot of attention from the industrial market. With their supposed unlimited endurance, high speed switching, low voltage operations and high data retention at room temperature, the MRAM, especially the Perpendicular Spin Transfer Torque MRAM (P-STT-MRAM), is seen as one of the best contenders for DRAM, SRAM and embedded Flash replacement. To be used in industrial applications, the P-STT-MRAM has to answer to a large range of requirements in terms of data retention (e.g 10 years) and high operating temperature (more than 200°C). However, as measuring high data retention is not practical, solutions have to be found to extract it fastly. This manuscript will propose and compare different thermal stability factor extraction protocols for P-STTMRAM. The most adapted will be used to model the temperature and size dependence of this factor. Then, the temperature limits of P-STT-MRAM will be characterized and different flavours of storage layers will be match with industrial applications. Finally, the electrical parameters dependence with an external magnetic field will be studied and a linear magnetic sensor based on a P-STT-MRAM device will be proposed
Gassot, Hui Min. "Etudes de la stabilité mécanique des cavités supraconductrices et de la méthode de rigidification par projection thermique de cuivre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001227.
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