Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stabilité'
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Jugier, Rémi. "Stabilité bidimensionnelle de modèles de sillage d’aéronefs." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0021/document.
Full textAircraft wake vortex control allows for reducing of their dangerousness and consequently improve airport take-off / landing requencies. Contrails and artificial cirrus clouds formation could also be influenced through this control of wake vortices and allow for reducing of terrestrial radiative forcing generated by aviation. Brion (2014) have shown by a modal stability analysis that the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole, often used as a far-field model for aircraft wake vortices, is unstable to two-dimensional perturbations at Iow Reynolds numbers. We first extend this twodimensional modal stability analysis to more realistic dipole models, for a Wide range of aspect ratios, and obtain, for Iow Reynolds numbers, instabilities of the same nature (displacement modes) as for the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole. However, we show that the growth of those modes depends greatly on the dipole aspect ratio, and that this growth is greatly diminished hen the dipole diffusion is taken into account. We then study two-dimensional transient growth for far-field models (dipoles) and near-field models (vorticity sheets), in homogeneous and stratified atmospheres. ln all cases, optimal perturbations are vorticity spirals oriented against shear and located at the periphery of the vortices, which eventually lead to development of the instabilities described in the modal analysis through a contamination mechanism of the vortex cores, initially identified by Antkowiak & Brancher (2004) for an isolated vortex
Vayron, Romain. "Remodelage osseux et stabilité d'implants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1145.
Full textDue to the increase of life duration and to the frequency of certain types of accidents, the problematic of the evolution of joints and aging bone has become crucial, leading to an important number of surgical interventions requiring implant placement. Although these interventions are carried out routinely in the clinic, there are still risks of surgical failure, which induce dramatic consequences for the patient. Despite the evolution of the surgical strategies, the implants failure rate remains important because the phenomena involved are not well understood due to their complexity and to their multi-scale nature. One of the main determinants of the success of these surgical interventions lies in the implant osseointegration, that is to say the ability of bone tissue to regenerate around the implant integrating the implant in a sustainable manner. The surgical success depends primarily on the physical characteristics of the bone-implant interface transmitting the biomechanical efforts, which play a major role in bone remodeling. The approach carried out in the present research consist in developing a multimodal experimental approach to characterize the biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface in order to assess the impact of bone remodeling around the implant on the mechanical response of the implant. In the first part, a multiphysical approach is carried out using a dedicated animal model. Coin-shaped titanium implants are implanted in vivo on the proximal part of the tibia of rabbits during different periods of healing time. A nanoindentation device is used to measure the mechanical properties of the newly formed bone at the microscopic level. A micro-scattering Brillouin device is employed to estimate the ultrasonic velocity of newly formed bone at the same scale. The results obtained with both techniques are used to determine the difference of bone mass density difference between mature bone tissue and newly formed bone tissue for different healing times.In the second part, an ultrasonic device aims at investigating the stability of titanium dental implants. The ultrasonic response is measured in echographic mode and is shown to be sensitive to the properties of the material (bone, biomaterial) in contact with the implant. Firstly, the evolution of the in vitro ultrasonic response of dental implants inserted into a bioactive dental substitute (tricalcium silicate based cement) and loaded using a mechanical protocol stress is assessed. To do so, a mechanical fatigue bench simulating chewing motions was developed. Secondly, the same ultrasonic device is used to determine in vitro the primary stability of an implant placed into bovine bone tissue. Third, an in vivo study using an animal model (rabbit) investigates the effect of healing time on the ultrasonic response of the implant. The ultrasound device is used to quantify the primary and secondary dental implant stability. The phenomena of ultrasonic propagation in the implant are modeled using techniques of numerical simulations by finite elements. The simulations show the potential of the technique to monitor changes in several key parameters for osseointegration of the implant under controlled conditions
Maatar, Dhouha. "Analyse des signaux stabilométriques et de la stabilité chez l’Homme : application à la biométrie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1161/document.
Full textBiometrics refers to automatic recognition of individuals. It is based on their physiological and / or behavioral. The postural control, despite that is a human behavioral characteristic, has not been well developed in the field of biometrics. The work performed in this thesis is based on the stabilometric signals analysis ant biometric application. Firstly, a study of the postural information especially the stabilometric signal is carried out through traditional analysis namely temporal, frequency and stochastic analysis and two decomposition methods named principle components analysis (ACP) decomposition and wavelet decomposition. The ACP method, based on the additive model, allows decomposing the signal into three components: a trend signal, a rambling signal and a trembling signal. The wavelet decomposition method allows decomposing the signal into three levels of detail signals and three signal levels of approximation. Through the study of postural stability, spectral analysis and phase analysis of the different components from the ACP and the wavelet decomposition, the comparison of these two methods concludes that the ACP method is more appropriate than the wavelet decomposition to analyze the stabilogram. From the decomposition methods and classical methods of analysis, several parameters are extracted to study the effect of different factors on postural stability and the center of mass displacement. These factors are named vision, direction, proprioception, age, gender, height and weight. A second aspect of this work is devoted to the application of biometrics, from the extracted parameters and through ANOVA statistic analysis, those that are most discriminative are used to identify subjects and classify them according to age, gender, weight and size. This biometric application is performed by three classification methods namely, K-NN, LDA and SVM. Biometric applications result in respectable recognition rate exceeding 80%. Therefore, it is inferred that the analysis of postural control is promising in the field of biometrics
Jubénot, Marie-Noëlle. "Stabilité des modèles macroéconométriques : stabilité des coefficients et des estimations." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100080.
Full textSpalla, Manon. "Stabilité intrinsèque des cellules solaires pérovskites : impact de la formulation de la couche active et des couches de transport de charges." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI092.
Full textEven though the concept of perovskite solar cells is recent, solar conversion efficiencies as high as 24% have already been reached. However the main challenge of this technology concerns its stability as the perovskite solar cells are sensitive to temperature, humidity, illumination... Therefore there is a vital need for a better understanding of the degradation mechanisms and thereby the possible mitigation strategies.This thesis has focused on optimizing the stability of the perovskite and its charge transport layers. A thorough analysis of the perovskite (such as MAPbI3) and its interfaces was performed. In this study we have made the choice to only use efficient charge transport layers which are compatible with a low temperature deposition process, such as tin dioxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, poly (3-hexylthiophene) and poly (triaryl amine). Several aging tests have been carried out on the perovskite solar cells, combining relevant characterizations, and various mechanisms affecting their stability could thus be highlighted
Trépanier, Maxime. "Stabilité du vide." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27985.
Full textA fundamental issue regarding the formulation of a consistent quantum de Sitter space theory is the possible transition to Anti-de Sitter space. Indeed, a semiclassical computation gives a nonzero estimate for the transition probability, while a counting of the degrees of freedom for both spaces shows their incompatilibity, leading to the expectation that the transition is impossible. Through a deeper analysis of quantum tunneling in a semiclassical theory including gravity, one can outline two consistency conditions that could alleviate this seemingly paradoxical disparity. Applying these consistency conditions to the Standard Model shed a different light on the hierarchy problem and the cosmological constant problem, although it does not solve them altogether. Nevertheless, they could play a role in the formulation of a consistent theory of quantum gravity.
Barros, Ceres. "Etude de la stabilité des écosystèmes à plusieurs échelles spatiales et trophiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV013/document.
Full textAs global change threatens ecosystems worldwide with biodiversity loss, studying ecosystem stability has never been so important. Most ecosystem stability studies have heretofore focused on single ecosystems and disturbances, usually following the behaviour of particular ecosystem properties, such as productivity and diversity indices. However, ecosystems are subjected to multiple disturbances simultaneously and at large spatial scales different ecosystems co-occur, each responding specifically to any given disturbance. Hence, the study of ecosystem stability needs to move towards approaches that can be informative at broad scales that are relevant for ecosystem management. This thesis is a step forward in this direction. Here, I used several approaches to assess how multiple global change drivers, such as climate change, extreme whether events, and land-use changes, affect ecosystem stability at landscape and larger spatial scales, and from single to multi-trophic level perspectives.I begin by highlighting the importance of considering the interactions between gradual and extreme climate changes, in conjunction with land-use changes, for the management of highly diverse landscapes, such as the European Alps. Using a spatially explicit dynamic vegetation model, I show that increasing drought frequency and intensity will likely change the trends of treeline movement expected under future gradual climate warming scenarios. I then investigated whether drought and gradual climate warming caused plant communities to shift in different ways, using n-dimensional hypervolumes to describe community states in multidimensional space. Drought effects on forest and grassland structure did not greatly change the long-term trajectories caused by gradual climate warming alone, but showed that forest communities became more unstable than grasslands in the future. However, focusing on vegetation dynamics remains limited to a single trophic level. Because trophic networks represent energy flows in an ecosystem, studying their stability to disturbances should provide more accurate information on overall ecosystem stability. Hence, I also investigated trophic network stability in European protected areas to future scenarios of land-use and climate changes. My results show that these trophic networks may be highly sensitive to climate changes, even if no land-use changes occur. Importantly, I show that considering different dispersal limitations will greatly impact network robustness, and stress the importance of accounting for these processes in ecosystem management.In my thesis, I demonstrate that ecosystem stability concepts can and should be applied at scales that are relevant for management, while embracing the multidimensional nature of ecosystems
Du, Pontavice Emmanuel. "Propulsion par cerf-volant : envol et pérégrinations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX015/document.
Full textKites exist since ancient times, but their use as wind energy harvesting device is relatively recent. Still, their light weight and ability catch strong and steady winds in altitude make them a competitive mean to generate electricity or to tow commercial ships. Indeed, a kite can typically produce $10$ kW.m$^{-2}$. This implies that a $1000$ m$^2$ kite could provide substantial assistance ($20$ $%$) to the propulsion of the biggest current tankers. This thesis focuses on two issues associated with the development of such kites:How can one perform autonomous take off and landing without the risk of losing them? Kites with inflatable structures take advantage rigidity and lightness during flight and from high compactness during storage. It also allows them to float if they crash on the ocean. To design those kites, we study in the first part of the thesis the behavior of inflatable structures under static and dynamic loadings.How can one achieve a stable flight? Once it takes off, it appears that under certain conditions, the kites undergo large amplitude oscillations that eventually lead to their fall onto the ground. Using wind tunnel experiments, we examine in the second part of the thesis the origin of these oscillations and the conditions which prevent them from occurring
Besse, Apollos. "Modélisation mathématique de la leucémie myéloide chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1105/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the dynamics of models of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Models of interest describe leukemic cell populations in the bone marrow or in the blood, in competition with healthy cell populations or with the immune system. In a first chapter, we propose a mathematically tractable version of an ordinary differential equation model that describes the interaction of the immune system with leukemic cells. We characterize the existence of steady states and their stability and then we provide a complete bifurcation analysis in co-dimension 1. In a second chapter, we confront this model with clinical data. In a third chapter we propose and analyze a simplified version of a model of partial differential equations that describes the proliferation and differentiation of leukemic stem cells in the bone marrow and the effect of an TKI treatment on these cells. We are interested in the long-term behavior of the solutions, and its dependence on treatment. In a fourth and final chapter, we are interested in the stability of scalar and autonomous differential equations with two delays, which appear naturally in the modeling of many biological or physical phenomena, such as CML
Longobardi, Raffaele. "Instabilité hydrodynamique dans les systèmes d'écoulement complexes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30103.
Full textStability analysis is a very powerful tool in order to investigate the properties of a complex fluid system. For example, it turns out to be very useful for understanding the laminar&;turbulent transition scenario or to investigate the dynamic evolution of a fluid in very complex situations such as wakes, jets, recirculation bubbles etc. In this work, linear stability theory has been applied to very different situations. In the first part, we investigate the stability characteristics of a 2D T shaped micro mixer, a very common device in micro- and nano-fluidics, fitted with an anisotropic superhydrophobic texture on the walls of the outlet channel, using a global stability approach. A parametric analysis has been carried out by varying the surface properties, i.e. the equivalent slip length of the grooves and their orientation angle with respect to the direction of the main pressure gradient. We characterize both the primary and the secondary instability of such kind of flow. We show that in some conditions, the presence of the SHS generates an unsteady instability apt to improve the mixing in the channel. The second and third parts concern the linearized study of an incompressible laminar viscous jet passing through a circular aperture. In particular, in the second part we considered the flow passing through a hole of zero thickness. We compute the response of such kind of flow to harmonic perturbations. We characterize both the spatial amplification of perturbations and the impedance, defined as the ratio between the pressure jump and the flow rate across the hole, which is a key quantity to investigate the response of the jet to an acoustic forcing. Owing to the strong spatial amplification of the perturbation the computation requires a special treatment of the downstream boundary conditions, and quickly becomes impossible when the Reynolds number is increased. We introduce a method based on the analytical continuation in the complex plane of the axial coordinate, thus extending the range of Reynolds number investigated up to Re = 3000. The third part concerns the stability of a jet through a circular aperture in a thick plate. Experiments and simulations show that if the plate is thick enough, strong periodic oscillations can occur and lead to characteristic whistling tones, suggesting the existence of a feedback mechanism that supports self-sustained oscillations. We show that, contrary to previous expectations, the feedback mechanism is not related to acoustics and an instability can exist even in a purely incompressible description. We investigate the stability properties of such kind of flow using both the Nyquist criterion, based on the impedance analysis, and the classical global stability approach. Finally, we perform a structural-sensitivity analysis showing that the instability of such kind of flows is connected to the presence of a recirculation region in the hole. In the last part of the thesis we apply the stability analysis to the production of sound in a more traditional configuration, namely the birdcall, where the flow is constrained to pass through two successive holes in curved rigid plates. Although the production of sound in this classical whistle is a compressible phenomenon, an incompressible approach can provide some useful information at least in the region near the hole. We thus initially perform a purely incompressible stability analysis. We identify the critical conditions, the global frequencies, and discuss the structure of the resulting global eigenmodes. In order to reintroduce and evaluate compressible effects, which can be relevant in the cavity between the two holes, we model the cavity as a Helmholtz resonator and couple it to the incompressible simulation. Finally, a fully compressible stability analysis is performed in order to check the accuracy of these simplified approaches in term of critical conditions, global frequencies and structure of the modes
Raii, Mohamed. "Formulation, caractérisation et mise en œuvre des barrières perméables réactives à base de phosphate de calcium, utilisation pour la fixation de polluants." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9123/1/raii.pdf.
Full textFernier, Alexandre. "Couplage multi-échelle pour l'intéraction fluide structure en dynamique rapide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLY001/document.
Full textIn nuclear industry, simulating accidental transient sequences at full reactor scale is becoming an increasingly important feature of the safety demonstration towards national agencies. It thus allows limiting the number of complex and costly experiments, while simplifying and accelerating the evaluation of mitigation strategies. However, the implemented numerical models are inevitably heavy to build and maintain, with a global modelling scale making it difficult to account for local geometric details yet able to significantly influence the physical solution. To provide an answer to these problems, this PhD work is dedicated to multi-model approaches designed to integrate such details into bigger models with no modification at the global level (techniques often designated as numerical zoom techniques). Some methods are proposed for both structures and fluids, with special care given to the accuracy and stability of the coupled multi-scale solution compared to a single-scale reference solution. This work handles two very specific topics, namely its compatibility with numerical features imposed by fast transient dynamics with explicit time integration, and the general objective of simultaneously dealing with superimposed models and fluid-structure interaction
Junier, Aurore. "Analyses de performance et de stabilité des réseaux de télécommunication." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011210.
Full textDo, Carmo Silva Jean-Michel. "La stabilité du contrat." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10070.
Full textThe stability of the contract proceeds from an appreciation of the values concerning the rules governing the breach or modification of the contract. Furthermore, this value towards which the contractual law should turn to, translates the balance point between the necessities of security and contractual justice. The thought given during this study was concentrated on the research of the balance between necessities of security and justice in the legal mechanism of breach and modification of the contract. It boils down to that the breaching as well as the up-keep, the modification as well as the unmodificability of the contract may be justified either by the necessity of security or justice. Moreover,contractual justice is becoming ever more important in legal systems
Bonnecaze, Claude. "Tomographie et p-stabilité." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20288.
Full textChardard, Frédéric. "Stabilité des ondes solitaires." Phd thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00426266/fr/.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the stability of solitary waves, and more precisely to the applications of the Maslov index to the spectral stability problem. We show how the stability problem can be related to a family of linear Hamiltonian ODE. It is then possible to define a Maslov index for periodic waves and solitary waves. We compute the limit, when it exists, of the Maslov index of a sequence of periodic waves which converges to a solitary wave. We describe how exterior algebra can be used to compute the Maslov index, both in the periodic and solitary wave cases. We then use this framework for solitary waves and periodic waves arising in the Kawahara equation and for solitary waves arising in a longwave-shortwave interaction system. Lastly, we deal with the stability of stationary solutions of a model for flows over a non-uniform bottom by using a slightly different method
Chardard, Frédéric. "Stabilité des ondes solitaires." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426266.
Full textHeng, Yaguang. "Décrochage tournant dans un diffuseur lisse radial : Étude de stabilité et effet sur la performance." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0049/document.
Full textAbstract:The behavior of work-absorbing turbomachines (pumps, compressors) operating at off design conditions, and especially at partial flow rates, is subject to instability phenomena that could affect their performance and can be dramatic for the machines or their environment. This study is focused on the rotating stall in the vaneless diffuser, the objective is to propose a theoretical model to fast predict the characteristics of such an instability. An experimental study is performed first to obtain those characteristics of rotating stall in a transparent vaneless diffuser of a radial impeller. The effect of rotating stall on the diffuser performance is discussed based on the static pressure measurements. The result shows rotating stall improved the diffuser pressure recovery, and the reasons are proposed. Based on the experimental setup, a linear stability analysis which is constructed by the continuity equation, momentum equation and vorticity equations, is proposed. The experimental characteristics of rotating stall: number and propagation velocity of stall cells, are theoretical calculated. The growth rate in the linear model, is proposed to determine the critical stall condition, and the dominant stall mode when different stall modes exist intermittently. The theoretical velocity and pressure fluctuations are also plotted to show the diffuser flow at stall condition. The abilities and limits of the linear stability analysis are concluded through the comparisons between theoretical and experimental results. Based on the linear model, a nonlinear stability analysis is extended to consider the nonlinear combinations which are neglected in the linear model, the aim is to give corrections (from nonlinear terms) to the linear results of rotating stall, the conclusions and discussions are made at the end
Simon, Pierre. "Ordre et stabilité dans les théories NIP." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635463.
Full textFaty, Moustapha. "La Politique de sécurité et de stabilité au Maghreb." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMD001/document.
Full textAbstractMaghreb is porter zone of a number of contradictions, political, ideological fractures, even the economic and different security systems. All of these elements are of pressure or crises and conflicts that show the Maghreb remain an extremely weak and vulnerable region. It is also an area which fall in fiercest conflicts for since a long time ago, the insoluble problems of western Sahara, tensions between Algeria and Morocco, conflict between Morocco and Spain (the enclaves of Septa and M'Lila). As for as of a number of subjects that constitute a difficult trap to master.The question of security and the stability of Maghreb lay down in terms of indivisibility .the global problem affirmed since the independence of the nations of the region. The military aspects, economic, demographic, cultural, religions, and politic are strongly inter-related. The reinforcement of the security and the stability in this area appears a major strategic option in which must engage all Mediterranean Maghreb countries and international actors
Naji, Widad. "Robust and stable optimization for parallel machine scheduling problems." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI036/document.
Full textScheduling on unrelated parallel machines is a common problem in many systems (as semi-conductors manufacturing,multiprocessor computer applications, textile industry, etc.). In this thesis, we consider two variantsof this problem under uncertain processing time. In the first case, each job can be split into continuoussub-jobs and processed independently on the machines with allowed overlappinf. In the second case whichis termed preemption, we prohibit the overlapping. From a mathematical viewpoint, the splitting problem isa relaxed version of the preemptive problem. The objective is to minimize the makespan.The deterministic linear formulations provided by the literature allow to solve these problems in polynomialtimes under the hypothesis of certainty. But, when we consider uncertain processing times, thesealgorithms suffer from some limitations. Indeed, the solutions compouted based on a nominal instance,supposed to be certain, turn usually to be suboptimal when applied to the actual realization of processingtimes.We incorporate the uncertain processing times in these problems without making any assumption ontheir distribution. Hence, we use discrete scenarios to represent the uncetain processing times and we adopta proactive approach to provide robust solutions. We use special case policies that are commongly used inthe industry to compute robust solutions. We show that the solutions based on some of those policies arepotentially good in terms of robustness according to the worst-case makespan, especially the scenario smaxsolution under which all the processing times are set to their maximal values. However, the robustness costsof these solutions are not satisfying. Thus, we propose to compute optimal robust solutions. For this purpose,we use a mathematical trick that allows us to formulate and solve, in polynomila times, the robust versionsof the considered scheduling problems. Moreover, the computational results affirm that the robustness costof the optimal solution is not usually very high.Moreover, we evaluate the stability of the robust solutions under a new scenario induced by variations.In fact, the decision-maker is only responsible for the consequences of the decisions when the processingtime realizations are within the represented uncertainty set. Thus, we define stability of a robust solution asits ability to cover a new scenario with minor deviations regarding its structure and its performance.The global motivation of this thesis is then to provide a decision support to help decision maker computerobust solutions and choose among these robust solutions those with the most stable structure and the moststable performance
Gateau, Valérie. "Extrapolation des durées de validité des principes actifs en phase solide." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P185.
Full textGénin, Alexandre. "Réseaux d'interactions écologiques, stabilité et résilience des écosystèmes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG031/document.
Full textEcological systems are not simple but composed of many different elements(species, for example) interacting with each other. These networks ofinteractions exhibit structural properties that determine ecological systems’ability to absorb and recover from perturbations. Mappinginteractions along with their changes in time and space is therefore key tounderstand and predict empirical communities' response to global changes.In this thesis, we used plant communities as model systems (i) to explore howspatial patterns may help identify feedbacks loops which make communities morefragile to upcoming changes and (ii) to map species interactions in empiricalcommunities and describe how they change along stress gradients and recover fromperturbations. To do so, we used two datasets documenting plant communities insubalpine meadows (USA) and Mediterranean grasslands (France).Our results show that feedback loops can be inferred to some extent from thespatial patterns of plant communities and hence help identify communities thatmay respond more abruptly to perturbations. Going to a more detailed level ofdescription, plant-plant interactions (as measured through spatial associations)were shown to respond strongly and consistently to stress but exhibited a weakresilience to disturbances.This work shows that plant-plant interactions -- which are linked to the response of the community to perturbations -- can be uncovered using spatial patterns. It paves the way towards a better understanding and a better anticipation capacity of how ecological communities might reorganize when subject to disturbances
Shen, Dawei. "Problèmes de stabilité en relativité générale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS014.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the stability of particular solutions to Einstein vacuum equations: the Minkowski spacetime and Kerr black holes. More precisely, this thesis contains four main results. The first result concerns the stability of Minkowski spacetime outside an outgoing null cone and contains a generalization of the result of Klainerman-Nicolo. The second result shows the global nonlinear stability of the Minkowski space under the assumption of minimal decay on the initial data generalizing a result of Bieri. The third result provides a new proof of Kerr stability in external regions, obtained by Caciotta-Nicolo. The common feature of these three works is the application of the r^p-weighted estimate method introduced by Dafermos-Rodnianski, as an alternative to the vectorfield method, to obtain control of the curvature terms. The last result provides a construction of GCM hypersurfaces, which is a part of a sequence of five works (the four others are due to Klainerman-Szeftel and Giorgi-Klainerman-Szeftel) establishing Kerr stability for small angular momentum
vautrin, claire. "Stabilité et Structure d'Agrégats Catanioniques." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007523.
Full textlorsque les tensioactifs sont mis en solution. Le diagramme de phase établi ici présente des agrégats particuliers
(micelle, vésicule, disque, phase lamellaire). L'étude de la CMC a fait apparaître des interactions
fortes entre monomères : le coefficient d'interaction est de -10kT. Du point de vue microscopique, nous
avons montré par diffusion couplée WAXS et WANS que les chaînes alkyl s'organisent suivant un réseau
hexagonal et que les têtes ioniques conservent un ordre liquide. Par ailleurs, les liaisons hydrogène
participent à la cohésion du système, et les propriétés mécaniques de la membrane sont assez proches
de celles d'un phospholipide. Les mesures des compressibilités par propagation acoustique et cuve de
Langmuir nous ont permis d'estimer le module d'Young à 100MPa. L'analyse calorimétrique par DSC a
montré que la transition de fusion de chaînes dépend de la composition de l'échantillon.
Haffner, Benjamin. "Stabilité des suspensions fortement aérées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1095/document.
Full textWe study the drainage of granular suspensions foams. Our control parameters are the gas fraction, the bubble size, the particles size and the interstitial particle fraction. First, we measure the proportion of liquid and particles retained in the foam network as function of the above mentioned parameters. These measurements are performed when the drainage is over, they are essential for the description of drainage velocity. We show that certain combinations of our study parameters lead to the jamming of the three-phase system : gas, liquid, solid. Secondly, we highlight different regimes of drainage velocity, we show that is controlled by two parameters : (i) lambda, the ratio of the particle size and constriction size, (ii) the fraction of particles in the interstitial network : phi. The key to understand these regimes is the trapping of particles in the foam : (i) the jamming, which may occur for surprisingly low fractions due to the geometry of the pore network, (ii) the particles captured by the foam network when they become larger than the constrictions network. Finally, larger particles excluded from the network increase the drainage velocity, as a consequence the minimum for the velocity corresponds to the individual capture. The granular fraction of the suspension in the foam network is the other key parameter. Especially, the drainage can be stopped for sufficiently high fractions for certain values of lambda. This work offers promising outlook for the stability of three-phase materials
Valein, Julie. "Stabilité de quelques problèmes d'évolution." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b7c9b58a-0dfa-4d63-a04d-c785a1da1692.
Full textIn this PhD thesis we study the stabilization of some evolution equations by feedback laws. First we consider the stabilization of the wave equation on 1-d networks with nodal feedbacks. In chapter 1, assuming that the weight of the feedback without delay is smaller than the one with delay, we give spectral conditions to obtain the strong, exponential or polynomial stability, by studying an observability inequality for the conservative system. In chapter 2 we transfer known observability results for another conservative system into a weighted observability estimate for the dissipative one without delay. Thanks to an interpolation inequality, we obtain explicit decay rates which depend on the geometric and topological properties of the network. Then we develop, in chapter 3, an abstract theory for second order evolution equation with delay, which generalizes the results of chapter 1. We study the case where the delay depends on time for the heat and wave equations in chapter 4. Using some assumptions about the delay and an appropriate Lyapunov functional, we prove that the energy is exponentially decreasing and we give explicitely its decay rate. Finally, we show, in chapter 4, that a filtering technique allows to obtain a quasi-exponential decay of a finite difference space discretization of the wave equation by pointwise interior stabilization
Gerolymos, Georges. "Stabilité aéroélastique d'une roue ailetée." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ESAE0004.
Full textBehe, Philippe. "Stabilité membranaire des cellules perfusées." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4172.
Full textVautrin, Claire. "Stabilité et struture d'agrégats catanioniques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0003.
Full textThe catanionic system hydroxide de cetyltrimetylammonium - myristic acid - water studied here has the advantage to produce aggregates with controlled charge. So, the ternary phase diagram presents some interesting aggregates (micelle, vesicle, disc, lamellar phase). The study of the CMC put in evidence some strong interactions between monomers : the interaction parameter is equal to -10kT. On a microscopic point of view, the alkyl chains packing is hexagonal and we proved by WAXS and WANS that the head groups are liquid ordered. More over, the hydrogen bonds participate to the bilayer cohesion. The mechanical properties of the catanionic membrane are similar to the properties of phospholipids. We estimated the Young modulus to 100MPa by compressibility measurements (acoustic propagation and Langmuir trough). The thermodynamic properties studied by DSC showed that the chain melting transition depends on the sample composition
Elbahnsi, Ahmad. "Dynamique et stabilité du nucléosome." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN002/document.
Full textThe nucleosome is the fundamental unit of DNA compaction in eukaryotic cells. It consists in a long DNA segment (145-147 bp) wrapped in 1.7 left-handed superhelix turns around a histone octamer. Nucleosomes control the DNA accessibility by assembling and disassembling along the genomes and are therefore involved in most nuclear processes.The main aim of the thesis was to describe the DNA-histone interface in solution to better understand the nucleosome stability. We examined in particular how the DNA is maintained wrapped around the histone and how its sequence affects the DNA-histone interface. Several nucleosomes were studied using molecular dynamics in explicit solvent ; they differed by the tail length and the DNA sequences. To ensure an objective analysis of the topology of the DNA-histone interface, a method based on Delaunay-Laguerre tessellations, originally developed for proteins, was adapted to nucleic acids.Our results show that the DNA-histone interface is composed by a dense network of interactions, characterized by equivalent electrostatic and hydrophobic contact area. The histone tails significantly reinforce the interface. The behavior of arginines belonging to the histone structured cores or tails and that interact with the DNA minor groove was scrutinized in detail. Cations shield the repulsive interactions between the two DNA gyres, closely juxtaposed one above the other because of the superhelix wrapping. Finally, the DNA-histone interface is globally not affected in nucleosomes containing DNA sequences known to disfavor nucleosomes. This suggests that, once the nucleosome established, there is no significant effect of the DNA sequence on the interface
Dhif, Mohamed Adel. "Renégociation, stabilité et équilibres d'oligopole." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10007.
Full textThis work studies some problems related to the caracterization of the rational behaviour in oligopoly strategic interactions. The first part deals with the impact of renegotiation on the consistency of subgame perfect equilibria. We review the main results in the literture about this subject and we examine the possibilities of collusion in finite horizon repeated oligopoly games when players are able to renegociate their actions. In the second part we present the stable set concept suggested by Kohlberg and Mertens. We make use of it in the solution of a two step duopoly game and we compare this concept to other recent refinements of Nash equilibrium
Grinnaert, François. "Etude et implémentation des critères de seconde génération dans un code de stabilité." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0003/document.
Full textThe second generation intact stability criteria are currently under finalization by the International Maritime Organization. They are intended to improve the current intact stability rules by adding safety in waves. They are structured in five failure modes and three levels of assessment in each failure mode. The first level is based on a simplified deterministic approach of the phenomena and ensures high safety margins. The second level requires more complex computations based on hydrostatic considerations with regard to static waves and is expected to provide reduced safety margins. The third level, currently under development, would consist of numerical simulations of the ship’s behavior in real sea states performed by specialized institutes. Level-one and level-two criteria of both pure loss of stability and parametric roll failure modes have been implemented in a stability code. The KGmax curves associated with these future criteria are computed for a selection of different ships of different types, both civilian and military, expected or known to have different behaviors with regard to the considered failure modes. The requirement and the relevance of the criteria are analyzed. The second check of parametric roll level-two criterion is thoroughly analyzed. A simplified method providing the maximum parametric roll angle assuming a linear GZ is developed and implemented in the corresponding criterion
Cleon, Louis-Marie. "Stabilité linéaire et non linéaire des schémas de Boltzmann sur réseau simulant des écoulements visqueux compressibles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066183/document.
Full textThe stability study of differential systems derived from the Navier- Stokes equations consists in analysing the response of the planar linearized system from a disturbance on a flat wave. It cannot account for all possible mechanisms of nonlinear instability. Such non-linear stability analyses were discussed for finite difference of the scalar non-viscous Burger equation. They are based on the analysis in resonant waves, considering a set of waves that form a closed group for the discretized equation. An important conclusion of this work is that some unstable nonlinear mechanisms exist that are beyond the linear analysis, as the focusing mechanism studied and explained using the methods of side band, introduced to initiate instabilities. This approach of resonant waves is extended to non-linear stability analysis for LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) methods. We report for the first time a vector equation instead of the scalar Burgers equation, because the LBM method considers a distribution function by discrete speeds. The principle of resonant waves to lattice Boltzmann equations for one-dimensional flow in a compressible and isothermal D1Q3 scheme gives instability maps, in the case of one or more resonant modes , highly dependent upon the initial conditions. The phenomenon of focus has not been obtained in the LBM formulation. Transient growth due to non-normality of operators may exist. They are calculated by a Lagrangian optimization method combined with LBM equations. The principle of resonant waves is extended to a 2D model. We show that the instabilities become dominant
Vollhardt, Ugo. "Contribution à l'analyse de stabilité orientée tâche pour la préhension robotique : Application au cas de prises compliantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST049.
Full textThe promise of flexible and adaptable production brought by Industry 4.0 makes adaptive object grasping a particularly promising topic in both the scientific and industrial domains. Numerous designs of adaptive grippers, integrating both underactuation mechanics (reduced number of actuators compared to the number of joints) and deformable behaviors to conform to the grasped object, are emerging to meet this promise. The adaptability of these types of grippers allows for safer grasping, both for the tasks they are designed to perform, but also for the physical integrity of the objects being grasped. They therefore allow the realization of applications in many fields such as the manufacturing industry or the food industry, by bringing solutions where traditional rigid grippers were put in difficulty. Based on this observation, the work presented in this manuscript is interested in the study of grasp stability when using adaptive grippers, in order to quantify the adequacy of a given grasp with the task for which it is synthesized. The goal is to assist and/or automate grasp selection according to the chosen task
Moiriat, Denis. "Evolution des désordres dans les carrières souterraines abandonnées." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112344.
Full textIn urban zones, accidents frequently occur above undermined surfaces. During the previous centuries, in most of the european countries, it became necessary to open many underground workings with the expansion of great urban centers. These quarries are currently abandoned and are deteriorating in course of time. The process of deterioration in these underground cavities are not well known yet, particularly the mechanisms that lead to delayed failures. The failure approach remains a problematic issue. The methods that are currently used (measures of stress and strain determinations, microseismic,. . . ) only provide partial information. The main purpose of our research is to analyze the disorders occurring in various abandoned underground quarries, so as to get a better understanding of their long-term behavior. This study places emphasis on the geological factors of sites (lithology, natural fractures, close to hillside), and also on the geometry of working. Different approaches are developed and compared : Geological observations in different workings of chalk, gypsum and massive limestone; Analysis of instrumental data; Experimental studies of observed rocks : characteristic features and long-term behavior in saturated conditions (test of creep); 2D numerical modeling, applied to observed cases. This work leads to propose the typology of principal failure mechanisms which may happen, and therefore, to offer better tools to foresee the risks. It comes within the framework of a theme of research Abandoned Underground Quarries proposed by the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées in 1998
Bocquillon, Benjamin. "Méthodes d'entraînement pour l'analyse de la stabilité d'un système complexe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG014.
Full textIn recent years, the world of scientific research in automatic has experienced a technological breakthrough with the emergence of new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. In the context of intelligent controllers, the justification of stability is fundamental as it constitutes a cornerstone in the overall certification process. In this thesis, we propose the use of training and optimization techniques to demonstrate the stability of intelligent control loops.To begin our study, we explore the theoretical notions of stability in the sense of Lyapunov. This approach is important to establish a solid understanding of the principles of stability and their application in dynamic systems. Our research reveals that some notions of stability can be quite restrictive. Therefore, we choose to use Lyapunov's theory. Introduced at the end of the nineteenth century, this theory represents a practical and effective way of studying the stability of an equilibrium point for a dynamic system, without requiring structural assumptions about the system itself.This thesis then includes an in-depth review of theoretical, numerical, and automatic methods for determining a Lyapunov function, highlighting the effectiveness and limitations of different approaches existing in the literature.Following this study, we develop and implement several innovative optimization methods to identify Lyapunov functions in various contexts. Each approach is distinguished not only by its generic and adaptable nature but also by its ability to maximize the estimated guaranteed stability domain of the Lyapunov function, a fundamental aspect in ensuring the stability of dynamic systems.Our algorithm, designed to be flexible and applicable in various industrial contexts, undergoes several tests. These tests involve not only the application of the algorithm to different systems in a variety of scenarios but also rigorous performance tests to evaluate its position relative to the current state of the art. These tests demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and its ability to adapt efficiently to various system configurations, offering valuable insights for its application in real industrial environments.Finally, we set the basis for the use of this algorithm in a specific industrial context. This step represents a significant move towards the practical application of the algorithm and its integration into complex industrial systems. This advancement sets the stage for wider future applications, listed at the end of this manuscript
Pigalle, Florence. "Etude de la stabilité du cisplatine en solution aqueuse : proposition et évaluation de protocoles de conservation." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P029.
Full textDolgos, Hugues. "Etude de la stabilité de la bléomycine reconstituée dans du sérum physiologique et présentée en seringues." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P143.
Full textAkil, Mohammad. "Quelques problèmes de stabilisation directe et indirecte d’équations d’ondes par des contrôles de type fractionnaire frontière ou de type Kelvin-Voight localisé." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0043/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the stabilization of the system of waves equations with one boundary fractional damping acting on apart of the boundary of the domain and the stabilization of a system of waves equations with locally viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voight type. First, we study the stability of the multidimensional wave equation with boundary fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Second, we study the stability of the system of coupled onedimensional wave equation with one fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Next, we study the stability of the system of coupled multi-dimensional wave equation with one fractional damping acting on a part of the boundary of the domain. Finally, we study the stability of the multidimensional waves equations with locally viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voight is applied for one equation around the boundary of the domain
Hasic, Anida. "La tensione tra interiore ed esteriore. Studio attorno all'idea di securitas in Seneca." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040079.
Full textThis research reconstructs the value of the concept of securitas in Seneca's thought with the aim to show its centrality and the organic nature of its development both from a conceptual point of view and from the point of view of the history of ideas. Therefore the interior and the exterior dimensions of the notion and their mutual implications are analyzed: securitas is examined in its interior psychological dimension in the context of moral progress, subsequently the importance of the concept is taken into account in connection with social relations in the imperial context. The epistemological questions of the notion in Naturales Quaestiones are also studied in order to investigate the relationship that man entertains with the world of natural phenomena through science. Securitas was also examined within the relationship between philosophical and dramatic works (Oedipus), suggesting the presence of ethical assumptions of securitas in their inverted sense on a poetic level and allowing us to describe Seneca's poetic as a poetic of uncertainty. The research shows that the ethical aspects which focus on the interior dimension become part of relating to the outside world as well. The tense relationship with the world, which emerges from the study of the concept of securitas, can also be linked to the way Seneca deals with previous philosophical tradition and have contributed to clarify his position with respect to the Stoic tradition to which he belongs, as well as with respect to other philosophical (Lucretius, Cicero, Celsus) and ideological (Velleius Paterculus) influences which are present in his works
Cosson, Marjorie. "Stabilité du réseau électrique de distribution. Analyse du point de vue automatique d'un système complexe." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC065/document.
Full textTo maintain the voltage within specified limits, local control laws of distributed generators (DGs) reactive power (Q) with respect to their voltage (U) have been considered. This work studies the impact of Q(U) control laws on distribution feeders’voltage stability. An empirical study confirms the risk of voltage instability and highlights its dependence on control law parameters. To help distribution grid operators to choose these parameters, three methods assessing stability are formulated.First, a formal method based on discrete abstraction and bisimulation calculation is developed. The proposed approach yields precise results but with a high computational load. Then, to overcome this issue, an analytical criterion adapting Q(U) control laws response time with respect to grid parameters is formulated. Finally, a general criterion, valid in any cases, is established in order to be included in the grid codes. To conclude this work, extension to more complex cases is discussed
Jin, Chi. "Analyse de stabilité de systèmes à coefficients dépendant du retard." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS411/document.
Full textSystems with delay-dependent coefficients have been encountered in various applications of science and engineering. However, general and systematic stability analysis is rarely reported in the rich literature on time-delay systems. This thesis is committed to the stability analysis of such class of systems.Stability analysis methods are developed based on the corresponding characteristic equation following a generalized tau-decomposition approach. Given a delay interval of interest, we are able to identify all the critical delay values contained in this interval for which the characteristic equation admits roots on the imaginary axis of the complex plane. Various root crossing direction criteria are proposed to determine whether these characteristic roots move toward the left or the right half complex plane as the delay parameter sweeps through these critical delay values. The number of unstable characteristic roots for any given delay can thus be determined. Our analysis covers systems with a single delay or commensurate delays under certain assumptions. The root crossing direction criteria developed in this thesis can be applied to characteristic roots with multiplicity, or characteristic roots whose locus parametrized by the delay is tangent to the imaginary axis. As an application, it is demonstrated that systems with delay-dependent coefficients can arise from control schemes that use delayed output to approximate its derivatives for stabilization. The stability analysis methods developed in this thesis are tailored and applied to find the delay intervals that achieve a demanded convergence rate of the closed-loop system
Lerisson, Gaétan. "Stabilité d'une onde de gravité interne, analyse locale, globale et croissance transitoire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX017/document.
Full textInternal gravity waves that exist in a continuously stratified fluid are particularly important in the ocean. They transport energy and are thought to generate turbulent mixing, which contribute to the deep ocean circulation.We generate an internal wave beam that propagates in a continuously stratified fluid with direct numerical simulations. This situation is equivalent to a tidal wave, where the tidal flow oscillates over a topography and generates a wave. Experimental results obtained by cite{Bourget13} are recovered, ie. the beam destabilizes into a small scale mode. We consider the effect of an horizontal mean flow on the instability and lower the forcing frequency in order to compensate for the doppler effect and to keep locally the same wave. A limit case appears when the forcing becomes stationary. This case is equivalent to a lee wave appearing when a stratified fluid flows over a topography.For small mean flow, small scale instabilities develop as in the tidal case. The beam then stabilizes at intermediate mean flows and destabilizes again for increasing flow speed. At this second threshold, down to the lee wave case, the instability is of much larger scale than for the tidal case. Varying the Reynolds number, the Froude number, the wave angle or the beam size doesn't affect the instability scale selection : a small scale instability in the tidal regime, and large scale instability in the lee regime.We show that the instability mechanism may be interpreted using the triadic instability. Scale selection corresponds to different branches of triadic resonance. We confirm the presence of a stability region for intermediate value of the mean advection velocity by computing the linear eigenmode as Floquet mode with an Arnoldi-Krylov technique and show that the leading eigenmode has a negative growth rate.In the lee wave, case the flow is unstable and a selective frequency damping method cite{Akervik06} is used to compute a steady base flow. We then implement a linear direct-adjoint method to compute the optimal perturbations that maximizes the total energy at different time horizons. At short time horizon, the optimal perturbation is small scale while at large time the perturbation switches to a large scale solution and converges to the large scale mode observed through the nonlinear simulations. Short time transients correspond to the small scale triadic instability advected by the flow whereas the long time large scale instability corresponds to large scale branch of the triadic instability that is able to sustain the flow.We propose an interpretation of the selection of these different instabilities in term of absolute and convective instability. In the case of the lee wave, the large scale instability is absolute whereas the small scale instability is convective (and dominates the short time transient growth because it has a larger local growth rate). When the mean flow is varied, the properties of small scale and large scale instabilities exchange: in the tidal case the short scale instability is absolute and the large scale convective. This conjecture is confirmed by computing the impulse response around a plane monochromatic internal gravity wave in an extended two dimensional periodic domain. The spatio temporal evolution of a perturbation localized in space and time points out the formation of three different wave packets corresponding to different branches of triadic instability. Using the triadic theory with finite detuning cite{McEwan77},we derive the group velocity at the maximum growth rate of the three different branches of triadic instability and find a good agreement with the velocity of the three wave paquet maxima in the impulse response. Analyzing the impulse response along rays, i.e. at x/t and z/tconstant, we compute the absolute growth rate along all possible rays and validate our conjecture
Taleb, Dehkordi Sarah. "Stabilisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques organiques par réseaux semi-interpénétrés de polymères." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0775/document.
Full textThis thesis relates to improving the stability of organic photovoltaic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) by semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN).The photoactive layer of an organic solar cell forms a bulk heterojunction between a donor material and an electron acceptor material. For efficient photovoltaic effect, morphology should not only be optimized but also be maintained in order to avoid a micro-phase separation thermodynamically favorable between the two materials that would be detrimental to the photovoltaic device performance.Moreover, an other factor of degradation of the photovoltaic cells may be the acidity of the buffer layer of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) to the anode based on indium and tin oxide (ITO).In the framework of our study, a reference structure (ITO/PEDOT: PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al) was chosen and modified by forming semi-IPN in the layer of PEDOT:PSS or in the active layer (P3HT: PCBM).At first, the formation of a semi-IPN in the layer of PEDOT: PSS through a network of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was developed. Finally, in a second time, the study of semi-IPN based on polymethacrylate (butyl or lauryl) in the active layer to improve the lifetime of the devices was carried out. In this research, analyzes of photochemical degradation, thermal degradation or aging under conditions of room temperature showed an improvement of the devices lifetime
Cumenal, Delphine. "Cycline G, contrôle de la transcription et stabilité du développement." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066298.
Full textDuring development, cells progressively acquire their identity by establishing specific transcriptional profiles that will be maintained throughout successive cell divisions by epigenetic mechanisms. Despite numerous sources of developmental variability - whether environmental, genetic or stochastic, living organisms exhibit uncannily stereotyped phenotypes, suggesting the existence of regulation processes tending to developmental homeostasis. In Drosophila, Cyclin G could participate in developmental stability, which buffers stochastic developmental variation. Moreover, this cyclin is a transcriptional regulator and interacts with two Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP): ASX and Corto, both involved in transcriptional gene silencing and activation. By studying the transcriptome of Drosophila imaginal wing discs overexpressing Cyclin G, we have identified its transcriptional targets. We determined that the ETP-interacting domain of Cyclin G (which binds ASX and Corto) may be involved in developmental stability. Our results show that a functional interaction between Cyclin G and two Polycomb group complexes involved in transcriptional gene silencing (PR-DUB and PRC1), may control the expression of genes required for developmental stability. Additionally, Cycling G might participate indevelopmental stability through functional interactions with splicing factors. Altogether, our results suggest that Cyclin G deregulation may induce an increase in transcriptional noise, resulting in heightened developmental variation
Belhi, Memdouh. "Simulation numérique de l’effet de champ électrique sur la stabilité des flammes de diffusion." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0007/document.
Full textThe application of electric field is known to have the ability to improve significantly the flame stability. In this regard, a mathematical approach to model combustion in the presence of an electric field was developed. The Navier-Stokes equations along with transport equations for charged species and the electric potential Poisson’s equation are solved. A main situation, that concerns the stabilization of diffusion flames by applying a direct or alternating electric field, is studied. The results show that the presence of the electric field improves the flame stabilization. The magnitude of this improvement depends on the intensity and polarity of the applied voltage. If the applied voltage is alternating, an additional factor, which is the frequency of the electric current, influences also the extent of the flame stabilization improvement. An interpretation of the stabilization mechanisms is proposed
Schutz-Kuchly, Thomas. "Investigation du silicium de qualité solaire de type n pour la fabrication de cellules photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809386.
Full textJiao, Yue. "Rôle de l'intéraction Asf1-Rad53 dans la stabilité génomique chez S.cerevisiae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112105/document.
Full textAsf1 is a histone chaperone, which participates in the assembly and disassembly of histones H3/H4 on DNA. Asf1 is not essential for cell viability in yeast, but the DNA damage checkpoints are constitutively activated in cells lacking Asf1 and they are hypersensitive to several types of genotoxic stress. In yeast, Asf1 forms a stable complex with Rad53 in the absence of genotoxic stress. Our results suggest that this complex involves at Ieast three interaction surfaces. One site involves the H3-binding surface of Asf1 with an as yet undefined surface of Rad53, probably reside in the kinase domain of Rad53. A second site is formed by the Rad53-FHA1 domain binding to Asf1-T270. The third site involves the C-terminal 21 aa of Rad53 bound to the conserved Asf1 N-terminal domain, where Rad53 competes with histone H3/H4 and co-chaperones HirA/CAF-1 for binding to the same surface of Asf1. Rad53 is phosphorylated and activated upon genotoxic stress. The Asf1-Rad53 complex dissociated when cells were treated with hydroxyurea but not methyl methane sulfonate, suggesting a regulation of the complex as a function of the stress.In addition to these results, we also found that the rad53-A806R+L808R mutation at the C-terminus of Rad53 destabilized the Asf1-Rad53 interaction and increased the viability of rad9 and rad24 mutants to genotoxic stress. The rad53-ALRR mutant also appeared to re-enter the cell cycle and/or traverse S-phase more rapidly than wild type and increased repair or adaptation when combined with the rad24 mutant
Bernuau, Emmanuel. "Robustesse et stabilité des systèmes non-linéaires : un point de vue basé sur l’homogénéité." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0015/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the study of stability and robustness properties of nonlinear systems using homogeneity-based methods. Firstly, we recall the usual context of homogeneous systems as well as their main features. The sequel of this work extends the homogenization of nonlinear systems, which was already defined in the framework of weighted homogeneity, to the more general setting of the geometric homogeneity. The main approximation results are extended. Then we develop a theoretical framework for defining homogeneity of discontinuous systems and/or systems given by a differential inclusion. We show that the well-known properties of homogeneous systems persist in this context. This work is continued by a study of the robustness properties of homogeneous or homogenizable systems. We show that under mild assumptions, these systems are input-to-state stable. Finally, the last part of this work consists in the study of the example of the double integrator system. We synthesize a finite-time stabilizing output feedback, which is shown to be robust with respect to perturbations or discretization by using techniques developed before. Simulations conclude the theoretical study of this system and illustrate its behavior