Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stability of grain structure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Stability of grain structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Humphreys, John F., and Pete S. Bate. "Refinement and Stability of Grain Structure." Materials Science Forum 357-359 (January 2001): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.357-359.477.

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Minton, Timothy, and Joe Au. "Stability of Friction Stir Welds at Superplastic Forming Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.117.

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Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process which enables most metals and alloys to be welded without fusion temperatures occurring. The centre of the weld is comprised of dynamically recrystallized material which is beneficial for superplastic deformation. The high temperatures involved with conventional fusion welding techniques disrupt the delicate microstructure of superplastic materials. Superplasticity is heavily reliant on a small grained equiaxed matrix structure pinned by a fine distribution of hard second phase particles to inhibit grain growth during forming of the material. During the superplastic forming operation, the heavily strained structure present in the parent material undergoes a transformation from a banded structure comprising of very long, thin grains to fine equiaxed grains through various static and dynamic recrystallization mechanisms. During forming of friction stir welded materials the stability of the weld region has been investigated. Grain growth is more apparent in the strain hardening of AA5083 due to the relatively small amounts of strengthening precipitates. This material statically recrystallizes during the preheat stage of the superplastic forming process, the grains then begin to grow during a dynamic recovery process becoming far too large to allow superplastic deformation. AA2004 is specially designed superplastic forming (SPF) alloy which contains a large amount of Zr for grain stability. This alloying element is preferentially distributed along the grain boundaries which prevents grain growth during SPF. During the forming process the AA2004 dynamically recrystallizes; disruption to the parent material structure causes discontinuous dynamic recrystallization that results in a heterogeneous structure and makes the material prone to abnormal grain growth. The weld regions of FSWs in AA5083 and AA4004 have been shown to exhibit AGG in weld nugget and shoulder influenced regions. The stability of the superplastic material is reliant on their strengthening precipitates. The Zr in the AA2004 is a much more effective precipitate for maintaining stability.
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Poortmans, Stijn, and Bert Verlinden. "Thermal Stability of CP-Aluminium during Annealing after ECAE." Materials Science Forum 467-470 (October 2004): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.1319.

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Samples of a hot-rolled AA1050 Aluminium alloy have been deformed by ECAE for 4 and 8 passes following route C. The structural stability of the samples after annealing treatments in the range 200°C to 350°C during 1 to 1000 minutes has been investigated. After 4 ECAE passes, the microstructure is not homogeneous. EBSD-scans show that the former grains can still be identified and that these grains show a different stage of subdivision. After 8 passes the structure is more homogeneous. During subsequent annealing the (sub)structure changes following a common pattern, but with different kinetics in all former grains. At first the dislocation density decreases, illustrated by an increase in image quality of the EBSD-scans and a sharpening of the (sub)structure can be observed. The (sub)grain size remains practically constant during this phase. At a given time, different from one (original) grain to another, some (sub)grains start to grow following an ‘abnormal grain growth’ pattern. This happens at all investigated temperatures. The kinetics and mechanisms of this microstructural evolution will be discussed.
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Guerra, Arman, and Douglas P. Holmes. "Emergence of structure in columns of grains and elastic loops." Soft Matter 17, no. 33 (2021): 7662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00787d.

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Wang, Chao, and Guoquan Liu. "On the stability of grain structure with initial Weibull grain size distribution." Materials Letters 57, no. 28 (October 2003): 4424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(03)00335-5.

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MAZZONE, A. M. "STABILITY OF GRAINS OF METALLIC OXIDES WITH A RUTILE STRUCTURE: A QUANTUM MECHANICAL STUDY." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 08 (October 2001): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101002395.

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The focus of this study is on the stability of grains of metallic oxides, i.e., TiO2 and SnO2 , with a rutile lattice. To this purpose, the grain binding and fragmentation energies have been evaluated quantum mechanically at semi-empirical level using the extended Debye–Hueckel approximation. The grain size and shape are variable and the shapes have been chosen to reproduce, with some approximation, realistic structures found in nanocrystalline technologies. The results show noticeable differences with respects to the known behavior of homonuclear structures. In fact, the grain stability generally increases with the cluster size, as in the homonuclear case. However, its primary dependence is on the oxygen content, rather than on the grain size. On the contrary, the density of states has a critical dependence on the cluster size and is almost equal for the two materials.
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Dyakonov, Grigory, Sergey Mironov, Tatyana Yakovleva, and Irina Semenova. "Thermal Stability and Recrystallization of Titanium Grade 4 with Ultrafine-Grained Structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111060.

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The paper examined annealing behavior of ultrafine-grained Ti Grade 4. The ultrafine-grained microstructure was produced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique by using a Conform scheme and was characterized by a mean grain size of d=0.3 μm and non-equilibrium grain boundaries. The ultrafine-grained structure was found to be stable up to 400°C. The excellent thermal stability was attributed to a strain-ageing, i.e., the enhanced diffusion of interstitial solutes resulting in a formation of solute atmospheres at/near grain boundaries and dislocations. At 450–500°C, a rapid growth of strain-free grains was observed to occur. This process eliminated severely-deformed microstructure and gave rise to abrupt material softening. A further increase of the annealing temperature above 600°С resulted in precipitation of lenticular dispersoids as well as iron-rich globular β-particles. This surprising phenomenon promoted a subtle hardening effect.
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Dennis, J., Pete S. Bate, and John F. Humphreys. "Abnormal Grain Growth in Metals." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.717.

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Grain growth may occur in two forms, normal grain growth, characterized by a constant grain size distribution during growth, and abnormal grain growth, where one or more abnormally large grains may form in the microstructure. The presence of abnormally large grains in an otherwise uniform microstructure may be detrimental to the mechanical properties of a polycrystalline structure. Little is understood of the exact cause of abnormal grain growth. The annealing conditions leading to the onset of abnormal grain growth have been investigated via a series of grain growth experiments carried out on an Al-4wt%Cu alloy. The structure of which consisted of equiaxed grains (<8μ) pinned by a fine dispersion of sub-micron second phase particles, which may dissolve upon annealing. Minority texture components may experience accelerated growth due to a higher energy and mobility compared to the surrounding grain structure. The combination of these two events may result in the abnormal growth of some grains. SEM imaging and EBSD data has then made it possible to characterize the influence of particle dissolution and grain boundary misorientation on the onset of abnormal grain growth. The stability of ‘island grains’ found to exist internally in abnormally large grains has also been investigated in relation to the misorientation relationship and localized second phase volume fraction found there. There was only weak evidence of special misorientation relationships between the island grains and the abnormally large grains in which they exist, and although there was evidence of an enhanced fraction of pinning particles at island grain boundaries, this was also true of boundaries in general. The larger size of island grains is their dominant characteristic, and grains which become island grains may have been incipient abnormal grains.
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Tang, Fa Wei, Xiao Yan Song, Hai Bin Wang, Xue Mei Liu, and Chao Hou. "Thermal Stability of Nanograin Structure in Cu-Zn Alloy System." Defect and Diffusion Forum 381 (November 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.381.33.

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To describe the thermal stability of the nanocrystalline solid solution with weak segregation such as Cu-Zn system, we developed a hybrid model combining the first principles calculation and thermodynamic evaluation. The dependence of the solute segregation behavior on the solute concentration, grain size and temperature were demonstrated. We found that the segregation energy does not change with the solute concentration monotonically. At a constant solute concentration and a given temperature, a nanograin structure can remain stable if the initial grain size is kept in a critical range. The model predictions were confirmed by the experimental measurements that a state of steady nanograin growth can be achieved by designing a certain solute concentration and a proper initial grain size.
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Tong, W. P., L. M. Wang, G. J. Ma, N. R. Tao, and Liang Zuo. "An Effect of High Magnetic Field on Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Iron." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2793.

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A nanostructured surface layer on a pure iron sample was prepared by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The thermal stability of SMAT sample was investigated at different temperatures with or without a high magnetic field (H =12T). It was found that a high magnetically annealing enhanced grain growth at the early stage of annealing, and produced a uniform nanocrystalline grain structure. After homogeneous grains developed, further grain growth became restrained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Bommareddy, Aravinda Reddy Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Thermal stability of submicron grain structure in an Al-Sc alloy." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41492.

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been used over the past few decades for producing submicron grain (SMG) structures in range of metals and alloys. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a useful process for producing these types of structures whereby the material is deformed to very high plastic strains by passing a billet several times through the ECAP die. This process has an added advantage maintaining the initial dimensions of the billet. SMG materials produced by ECAP and related routes are useful as they usually exhibit excellent properties including high strength and hardness, and excellent superplastic formability: these and other properties make SMG materials useful for industrial and aerospace applications. In this thesis, a binary aluminium alloy containing a very low concentration of scandium (0.1 wt. %) Sc alloy was investigated and compared with higher Sc-containing alloys. The material was deformed by ECAP in the solution treated condition to an equivalent von Mises strain of 9.2 then pre-aged at 250 0C to generate a submicron grained material containing a relatively uniform dispersion of nanosized Al3Sc dispersiods. The thermal stability of this pre-aged microstructure was investigated by annealing at temperatures up to 450 0C resulted in continuous grain coarsening by the process of continuous recrystallization whereby the initial microstructure evolves gradually with no marked change in the grain size distribution, texture and grain boundary character. However, extended annealing (> 1h) at 4500 C resulted in discontinuous grain coarsening (often termed recrystallization) whereby a few grains grow rapidly to eventually produce a coarse-grained final microstructure. Throughout annealing, there was a good correlation between the dispersion parameter, (f/d) where f and d is the volume fraction and the mean diameter of Al3Sc particles in the alloy, respectively, and both the mean grain size (D ) and D /D max where max D is the maximum grain diameter observed in the microstructure. The grain structure was found to undergo moderate coarsening at the high f/d-values but converted to a coarsegrained structure for f/d ~<0.5/μm, and this change occurred when the mean grain diameter was ~ 3-4μm. Hence, the critical value of the dispersion parameter for the transition from continuous to discontinuous coarsening falls between the theoretical value for submicron grain size alloys (f/d ~ 1.5/μm) and the value found for conventionally-deformed alloys (f/d ~ 0.1/μm). This behaviour is the result of the alloy no longer being ultra-fine grained at the onset of discontinuous coarsening.
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Pan, L. (Longxiu). "Two methods for processing an ultrafine ferritic grain size in steels and the thermal stability of the structure." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951427489X.

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Abstract In this thesis, methods to process ultrafine ferritic (UFF) structures in steels, i.e. grain sizes below about 3 μm have been investigated. It is shown here, in accordance with the results in the literature, that a steel with a UFF grain size can be obtained by two methods, more or less convenient to mass production: deformation-induced ferrite transformation from fine-grained austenite (the DIF route) and the static recrystallization of various heavily cold-worked initial microstructures (the SRF/SRM route). In the present work, the influencing factors in the processing of UFF structure in the DIF route have been systematically studied in four low-carbon steels: one C-Mn steel and Nb, Nb-Ti and Nb-high Ti microalloyed steels. A high strain, a low deformation temperature close to Ar3 and a fine prior austenite grain size are beneficial to promote the formation of UFF grains. Especially by using complex pretreatments to refine the prior austenite grain size, cold rolling, repeating the low-temperature reheating cycle or using martensitic initial microstructure, a UFF grain size can be obtained in these steels at the strain of 1.2 (70% reduction) at 780 °C. By controlling the cooling rate, the type of the second phase can be adjusted. When using the static recrystallization route, it was found that UFF is difficult to obtain from a single-phase ferrite, but it is relatively readily obtained from deformed pearlite, bainite or martensite, especially in high-carbon steels with 0.3–0.8%C. In deformed pearlite, the cementite lamellae fragmented and spheroidised in the course of heavy deformation can provide numerous nucleation sites by the particle stimulated nucleation mechanism and retard the subgrain and recrystallized grain growth. Nucleation and retardation of grain growth are effective also in deformed bainite, martensite or high-carbon tempered martensite, as discussed in detail in the work. The thermal stability of UFF grained steels was tested and found to be generally excellent, but it varies depending on the processing method. The UFF structure obtained by the SRM route has a thermal stability somewhat weaker than that of the DIF route. For a given steel, UFF grains may show different grain growth modes, related to the dispersion of second phase particles. In the DIF structure, abnormal grain growth occurs at 700 °C after about 2.5 h, while in the SRM structure, normal grain growth takes place slowly at 600 °C. Carbides on the grain boundaries seem to play an important role in inhibiting grain coarsening. No coarse-grained zone was formed at the HAZ of electron beam or laser welded seams, as performed at low heat inputs (up to 1.5 kJ/cm) on thin strips. The hardness even increased from the base metal towards the HAZ and the weld metal in all seams as an indication that they were hardened during the rapid cooling.
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Klemm, Robert. "Zyklische Plastizität von mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1085403884093-17423.

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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss der Korngröße und der Gefügestabilität auf die zyklische Plastizität von mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel, hergestellt durch ECAP und PED, untersucht. Zur Gefügecharakterisierung kamen verschiedene elektronenmikroskopische und röntgenographische Methoden zum Einsatz. Die Untersuchungen zur Gefügestabilität zeigten, dass (i) die Stabilität der Korn- und Substruktur bei der zyklischen Verformung empfindlich vom Gefüge im Ausgangszustand abhängt, (ii) generell die Tendenz zur Umwandlung der vorhandenen Substruktur in eine universelle ermüdungstypische Substruktur besteht, diese Transformation jedoch durch die lokale Gefügebeschaffenheit be- bzw. verhindert sein kann und (iii) zur Erklärung des Entfestigungsverhaltens der ECAP-Materialien sowohl die Transformation der Substruktur als auch die Vergröberung der Kornstruktur berücksichtigt werden müssen. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit und unter Hinzunahme von Resultaten aus der Literatur lassen sich Schlussfolgerungen zum Einfluss der Korngröße auf die zyklische Plastizität in einem vier Größenordnungen umfassenden Korngrößenbereich ziehen. In grob- und feinkörnigem Nickel bilden sich bei der zyklischen Verformung ermüdungstypische Versetzungsstrukturen, deren Abmessungen kaum von der Korngröße abhängen. Der Versetzungslaufweg in diesen Materialien ist wesentlich kleiner als die Kornabmessungen. Dementsprechend besteht höchstens ein schwacher Einfluss der Korngröße auf das sich bei der Wechselverformung einstellende Spannungsniveau. Bei mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel, wo der Versetzungslaufweg in der Größenordung der Kornabmessungen liegt, wird ein deutlicher Umschlag bei der Versetzungsmusterbildung und dem zyklischen Verformungsverhalten beobachtet. In diesem Korngrößenbereich entstehen entweder qualitativ andere (D&lt;DS1=5µm) oder keine Versetzungsstrukturen (D&lt;DS2=1µm) und das Spannungsniveau steigt mit sinkender Korngröße entsprechend einer HALL-PETCH-Beziehung.
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Klemm, Robert. "Zyklische Plastizität von mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23831.

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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss der Korngröße und der Gefügestabilität auf die zyklische Plastizität von mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel, hergestellt durch ECAP und PED, untersucht. Zur Gefügecharakterisierung kamen verschiedene elektronenmikroskopische und röntgenographische Methoden zum Einsatz. Die Untersuchungen zur Gefügestabilität zeigten, dass (i) die Stabilität der Korn- und Substruktur bei der zyklischen Verformung empfindlich vom Gefüge im Ausgangszustand abhängt, (ii) generell die Tendenz zur Umwandlung der vorhandenen Substruktur in eine universelle ermüdungstypische Substruktur besteht, diese Transformation jedoch durch die lokale Gefügebeschaffenheit be- bzw. verhindert sein kann und (iii) zur Erklärung des Entfestigungsverhaltens der ECAP-Materialien sowohl die Transformation der Substruktur als auch die Vergröberung der Kornstruktur berücksichtigt werden müssen. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit und unter Hinzunahme von Resultaten aus der Literatur lassen sich Schlussfolgerungen zum Einfluss der Korngröße auf die zyklische Plastizität in einem vier Größenordnungen umfassenden Korngrößenbereich ziehen. In grob- und feinkörnigem Nickel bilden sich bei der zyklischen Verformung ermüdungstypische Versetzungsstrukturen, deren Abmessungen kaum von der Korngröße abhängen. Der Versetzungslaufweg in diesen Materialien ist wesentlich kleiner als die Kornabmessungen. Dementsprechend besteht höchstens ein schwacher Einfluss der Korngröße auf das sich bei der Wechselverformung einstellende Spannungsniveau. Bei mikro- und submikrokristallinem Nickel, wo der Versetzungslaufweg in der Größenordung der Kornabmessungen liegt, wird ein deutlicher Umschlag bei der Versetzungsmusterbildung und dem zyklischen Verformungsverhalten beobachtet. In diesem Korngrößenbereich entstehen entweder qualitativ andere (D&lt;DS1=5µm) oder keine Versetzungsstrukturen (D&lt;DS2=1µm) und das Spannungsniveau steigt mit sinkender Korngröße entsprechend einer HALL-PETCH-Beziehung.
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Figueroa, Oscar III. "Variations in grain boundary segregation for nanocrystalline stability and strength." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76179.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39).
In the last few decades, nanocrystalline metals have been of increasing interest. Their ability to show increased yield strength and uniform structure show them to be potentially useful in many applications. Additionally, nanocrystalline metals have become more easily manufactured in recent years, allowing for more testing and more use within industrial settings. However, nanocrystalline metals are still highly unstable, mainly due to temperature related growth. Grain boundary segregation is one way in which materials can keep nano length-scale grains. This process involves metal alloys that preferentially segregate the alloying material to the grain boundaries, potentially leading to Grain Boundary Embrittlement (GBE). Using an ideal work of fracture equation, [gamma] = 2[sigma]s - [sigma]g, the energy required to fracture nanocrystalline metal alloys was obtained, and predicted grain stability. Fracture toughness data is also calculated and compared. A contrast between bulk and nanocrystalline alloys is then made, showing benefits to the use of either set of materials for specific alloy functions.
by Oscar Figueroa, III.
S.B.
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Vazquez, Isaura 1960. "On aluminum grain boundary structure and segregation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291693.

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The effect of an alloying agent, such as Mg, on Al grain boundary microstructure and chemistry was investigated. HREM measurements on an Al-5% Mg Σ = 5 (310) grain boundary showed Al grain boundary structure modification because of the presence of Mg. Chemical analysis, through TEM/STEM EDS of Al-2% Mg alloy, indicated the possibility of Mg segregation at Al grain boundaries, although this should be further investigated. An experiment is proposed to determine the change in grain boundary torque with impurity chemical potential. Molecular dynamic simulations of the effect of segregated vacancies was also studied. This study showed that grain boundaries act as sinks for vacancies. In addition, the presence of vacancies caused a relocation of the grain boundary plane, through a sliding-migration, or atomic restructuring of the boundary depending upon the vacancy distribution.
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Flood, S. C. "Factors affecting the grain structure during solidification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355749.

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Sarrazit, Franck. "Structure of grain boundaries in hexagonal materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367291.

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Rezki, Samir. "Structuration, dynamique et réponse des communautés microbiennes associées aux graines lors de la transmission d'agents phytopathogènes Assembly of seed-associated microbial communities within and across successive plant generations Differences in stability of seed-associated microbial assemblages in response to invasion by phytopathogenic microorganisms." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0092.

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La graine constitue le point de départ du cycle d’une plante et abrite une diversité de micro-organismes qui peuvent impacter négativement ou positivement la fitness de la plante. De plus, la graine permet la dispersion et la survie des agents phytopathogènes entre deux cycles de culture de la plante hôte. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail était de : (i) décrypter les processus écologiques impliqués dans l’acquisition du microbiote des graines, (ii) analyser sa réponse à l’invasion par des agents phytopathogènes et(iii) suivre sa dynamique durant la germination de la graine et l’émergence de la plantule. Premièrement, nous avons analysé la structure du microbiote de graines de radis(Raphanus sativus) produites dans un même site sur trois générations successives. Ces analyses ont révélé une faible héritabilité du microbiote des graines avec peu de taxons dominants transmis d’une génération à l’autre. Ceci pourrait être expliqué par l’importance des processus neutres dans l’assemblage du microbiote des graines.Ensuite, nous avons étudié la réponse de ce microbiote à une invasion par Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris(Xcc) et Alternaria brassicicola (Ab), deux agents phytopathogènes transmis par les graines. La transmission de Xcc aux graines n’impacte pas la composition globale du microbiote. En revanche, la transmission d’Ab modifie la structure des communautés fongiques. Ces différences de réponse sont probablement dues aux compétitions pour l’espace et les nutriments entre l’agent phytopathogène et les autres membres du microbiote. Finalement, la composition et la structure du microbiote des graines germées et des plantules ont révélé une transmission de la majorité des taxons associés à la graine y compris Xcc etAb. Globalement, les résultats de ce travail de thèse permettront à terme d’élaborer des stratégies de biocontrôle basées sur la modulation du microbiote des graines
Seed represents the initial step of the plant life cycle and harbors diverse microorganisms that can have detrimental or beneficial impacts on plant fitness. Moreover, seed represents an important means of pathogen dispersion and survival during intercrop periods. For those reasons, the aims of this work were to (i) unveil the ecological processes involved in the acquisition of the seedmicrobiota, (ii) to analyze its response against plant pathogens invasion and (iii) to monitor its dynamics during the first plant developmental stages, namely germination and emergence. First, we assessed the structure of the radish seed microbiota (Raphanus sativus) in the same experimental site across three successive plant generations. These analyses revealed a low heritability of the seed microbiota with few dominant taxa transmitted across generations. Neutral-based processes seem to be important in assembly of the seed microbiota. Second, we monitored the response of the seed microbiota to invasions by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Alternaria brassicicola (Ab), two seed-transmitted pathogens. While Xcc seed transmission do not change the composition of microbial communities, Ab transmission modified the structure of seed-associated fungal communities. This differences in response could be partly explained by competition for space and nutrients between the pathogenic agents and the members of the seed microbiota. Finally, composition and structure of microbial communities associated to germinating seed and seedling revealed transmission of most seed-borne microorganisms including Xcc and Ab from seed to seedling. Altogether, the results of this thesis could be helpful for designing future biocontrol strategies based on seed microbiota modulation
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Pankhurst, David Anthony. "Electronic structure at grain boundaries in nickel aluminide." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621407.

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Books on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Karmann, Alexander, ed. Financial Structure and Stability. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57674-4.

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Shriver, John W., ed. Protein Structure, Stability, and Interactions. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-367-7.

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Murphy, Kenneth P. Protein Structure, Stability, and Folding. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592591930.

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Sharples, Jerry A. The role of stocks in world grain market stability. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1993.

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McAllister, Michael A. Structure and stability of selected fluorinated carbocations. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.

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Chazal, Frédéric, Vin de Silva, Marc Glisse, and Steve Oudot. The Structure and Stability of Persistence Modules. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42545-0.

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Cecchetti, Stephen G. Financial structure, macroeconomic stability and monetary policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Hellawell, A. The grain structure of castings: Some aspects of modelling. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Maclaren, Ian. Grain boundary structure in hexagonal close packed metals. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Buckmaster, J. Flames in dusty mixtures - their structure and stability. Hampton, Va: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Vitek, V. "Atomistic Studies Of The Structure Of Grain Boundaries and Dislocations." In Stability of Materials, 53–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0385-5_3.

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Oda, Eiji, Takao Ohtaki, Akio Kuroda, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Kei Ameyama, and Kayo Yoshida. "Thermal Stability of Nano Grain Structure Tungsten Prepared by SPD-PM Process." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement, 564–69. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.564.

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Bryson, William E. "Grain Structure." In Heat Treatment, 78–82. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569904862.013.

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Priester, Louisette. "Defects in the Grain Boundary Structure." In Grain Boundaries, 135–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4969-6_5.

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Condren, Conal. "Stability and Structure." In The Language of Politics in Seventeenth-Century England, 27–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23566-7_2.

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Alvarez-Jubete, Laura, and Uma Tiwari. "Stability of phytochemicals during grain processing." In Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals, 301–31. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118464717.ch14.

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Vitek, V., and M. Yan. "Grain Boundary Structure and Chemistry." In Physical Metallurgy and processing of Intermetallic Compounds, 28–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1215-4_2.

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Bourret, A. "Atomic Structure of Grain Boundaries." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 2–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82441-8_1.

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Wang, Xiaoli, and Walter Karten. "Organizational Structure Triangle Stability*." In The Human Society and the Internet Internet-Related Socio-Economic Issues, 299–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47749-7_24.

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Brange, Jens, and Lotte Langkjœr. "Insulin Structure and Stability." In Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 315–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1236-7_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Liu, Jiatong, Ken Suzuki, and Hideo Miura. "Crystallinity Control of Electroplated Interconnections for Improving Their Stability and Lifetime." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67737.

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In a three-dimensional (3D) packaging systems, the interconnections which penetrate stacked silicon chips have been employed. Such interconnection structure is called TSV (Through Silicon Via) structure, and the via is recently filled by electroplated copper thin film. The electroplated copper thin films often consist of fine columnar grains and porous grain boundaries with high density of defects which don’t appear in conventional bulk material. This unique micro texture has been found to cause the wide variation of physical and chemical properties of this material. In the TSV structure, the shrinkage of the copper thin film caused by thermal deformation and recrystallization of the unique texture during high-temperature annealing is strictly constrained by surrounding rigid Si and thus, high tensile residual stress remains in the thin film after thermal annealing. High residual stress should give rise to mechanical fracture of the interconnections and the shift of electronic function of thin film devices formed in Si. Therefore, the residual stress in the interconnections should be minimized by controlling the appearance of the porous boundaries during electroplating for assuring the longterm reliability of the interconnections. As the lattice mismatch between Cu and its barrier film (Ta) is as larger as 18%, which is the main reason for the fine columnar structures and porous grain boundaries, it is necessary to control the underlayer crystallinity to improve the crystallinity of electroplated copper thin films. In this study, the effective method for controlling the crystallinity of the underlayer was investigated by improving the atomic configuration in the electroplated copper thin film. The result showed that by controlling the crystallinity of underlayer, crystallinity of electroplated copper thin films can be improved, the mechanical properties of thin films was improved and thus, stability and lifetime of electroplated copper interconnections can be improved.
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Luo, Quanshun, Kuangnan Chi, Shuxin Li, and Pete Barnard. "Microstructural Stability and Lattice Misfit Characterisations of Nimonic 263." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78725.

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Nimonic 263 has been selected as a candidate header/piping material of advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) boilers for the next generation of fossil fuel power plant. Experimental assessments on the microstructural stability of this material are presented in this paper. Microstructural evolution has been quantified by high resolution field emission SEM and TEM. Electron diffraction and the combined XRD and Gaussian peak-fitting have been applied to investigate the coherency and lattice misfit between the gamma prime (γ′) precipitates and the gamma (γ) matrix. The micro structure subjected to solution and hardening treatment consists of γ-matrix and a network of carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries. Large quantities of fine γ′-Ni3(Ti,Al) precipitates were observed, with an average size of 17 nm and coherent with the matrix lattice. The overall misfit has been quantified to be 0.28%. After long term aging at 700 and 725 °C for various periods up to 20,000 hours, γ′ was still the predominant precipitate and mostly coherent with the matrix. A few needle-shape η-Ni3Ti intermetallic precipitates were found in the grain boundary regions. The γ′ size has grown progressively to 78 nm, accompanied by the γ′-γ constrained misfit increasing to 0.50%. Moreover, the M23C6-type grain boundary carbides were found to have experienced morphological evolution, including the nucleation of Widmanstatten-type needles and their initial growth towards the matrix.
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Kennard, Rhys, Clayton Dahlman, Ryan DeCrescent, Jon Schuller, Kunal Mukherjee, Ram Seshadri, and Michael Chabinyc. "What happens when we bend MAPbI3 films? Insights on sub-grain structures and stability." In 13th Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2021.038.

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Damirchi, Behzad, Amir Rouhollahi, Salman Sohrabi, and Seyyed Mahdi Nemati Mehr. "Modeling and Stability Analysis of Truncated High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) System Using Martini Coarse Grain Technique." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64808.

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Lipoproteins are biochemical compounds containing both proteins and lipids. These particles carry chemicals like cholesterol and triglycerides that are not soluble in aqueous solutions. This paper presents modeling of lipoprotein system using coarse grain molecular dynamics technique and stability analysis of this system in a water solution like blood. A high density lipoprotein (HDL) that consists of two annular monomers is modeled. Also there are lipid bilayers located in center of the rings, so the whole HDL and lipid bilayers are called lipoprotein system. First, all atom model is provided and then coarse-grain model is obtained using MARTINI technique. Modeling of the system in all atom and coarse-grain is performed by VMD and simulation is executed by NAMD. System is simulated for 400ns with time step of 20fs in NPT ensemble. System temperature assumed similar to normal human body temperature. Finally the structure shape and stability of system were considered and results were analyzed.
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Simonovski, I., and L. Cizelj. "The Vanishing Influence of Microstructure on Growing Short Cracks." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75662.

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Microstructural features play a prominent role in the initialization and propagation of microstructurally short cracks. These features include crystallographic orientations of grains, grain boundaries, inclusions, voids, material phases, etc. Their influence is expected to vanish both with increased distance from the crack tip as well as with increased crack length. Current engineering fracture mechanics techniques do not account for these features and can therefore only be applied to sufficiently long cracks. From the engineering point of view it is therefore quite useful to have an estimate of this length. In this paper we build upon the authors’ previous work to estimate decreasing influence from the surrounding microstructural features with increasing crack length. To achieve this, a model containing a large number of randomly sized, shaped and oriented grains is employed. The grain structure is modeled using a Voronoi tessellation. A series of cracks with lengths from one to several grain lengths are inserted into the model, extending from a grain at the surface towards the interior of the model. The crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) are estimated and statistically analyzed for a series of random crystallographic orientation sets assigned to the grains adjacent to the crack. Anisotropic elasticity and crystal plasticity constitutive models are employed at the grain size scale. A rapid decrease of the CTOD scatter is observed with increasing crack length showing a clear tendency to stabilize at standard deviation of about 5% at the effective crack length of about 6 average grain sizes (0.3 mm in AISI 316 stainless steel. A crack with the length exceeding about 10 average grain sizes can be safely taken as a macroscopic crack.
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Hamza, Mohamed, Tarek M. Hatem, Dierk Raabe, and Jaafar A. El-Awady. "Hydrogen Diffusion and Segregation in Alpha Iron ∑ 3 (111) Grain Boundaries." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53118.

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Polycrystalline material generally exhibits degradation in its mechanical properties and shows more tendency for intergranular fracture due to segregation and diffusion of hydrogen on the grain boundaries (GBs). Understanding the parameters affecting the diffusion and binding of hydrogen within GBs will allow enhancing the mechanical properties of the commercial engineering materials and developing interface dominant materials. In practice during forming processes, the coincidence site lattice (CSL) GBs are experiencing deviations from their ideal configurations. Consequently, this will change the atomic structural integrity by superposition of sub-boundary dislocation networks on the ideal CSL interfaces. For this study, the ideal ∑ 3 111 [110] GB structure and its angular deviations in BCC iron within the range of Brandon criterion will be studied comprehensively using molecular statics (MS) simulations. The clean GB energy will be quantified, followed by the GB and free surface segregation energies calculations for hydrogen atoms. Rice-Wang model will be used to assess the embrittlement impact variation over the deviation angles. The results showed that the ideal GB structure is having the greatest resistance to embrittlement prior GB hydrogen saturation, while the 3° deviated GB is showing the highest susceptibility to embrittlement. Upon saturation, the 5° deviated GB appears to have the highest resistance instead due to the lowest stability of hydrogen atoms observed in the free surfaces of its simulation cell. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are then applied to calculate hydrogen diffusivity within the ideal and deviated GB structure. It is shown that hydrogen diffusivity decreases significantly in the deviated GB models. In addition, the 5° deviated GB is representing the local minimum for diffusivity results suggesting the existence of the highest atomic disorder and excessive secondary dislocation accommodation within this interface.
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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii, and Beongki Cho. "Grain Size Effects in Structural Stability of SnO2 and In2O3 Films Aimed for Gas Sensor Applications." In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccrd.2010.100.

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Chan, K. S., W. Liang, N. S. Cheruvu, and D. W. Gandy. "Computational Design of Corrosion-Resistant Fe-Cr-Ni-Al Nanocoatings for Power Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59111.

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A computational approach has been undertaken to design and assess potential Fe-Cr-Ni-Al systems to produce stable nanostructured corrosion-resistant coatings that form a protective, continuous scale of alumina or chromia at elevated temperatures. Phase diagram computation was modeled using the Thermo-Calc® software and database [1, 2] to generate pseudo-ternary Fe-Cr-Ni-Al phase diagrams to help identifying compositional ranges without undesirable brittle phases. Computational modeling of the grain growth process, sintering of voids, and interface toughness determination by indentation, assessed micro-structural stability and durability of the nanocoatings fabricated by a magnetron-sputtering process. Interdiffusion of Al, Cr, and Ni was performed using the DICTRA® diffusion code [3] to maximize the long-term stability of the nanocoatings. The computational results identified a new series of Fe-Cr-Ni-Al coatings that maintain long-term stability and a fine-grained microstructure at elevated temperatures. The formation of brittle sigma phase in Fe-Cr-Ni-Al alloys is suppressed for Al contents in excess of 4 wt.%. Grain growth modeling indicated that the columnar-grained structure with a high percentage of low-angle grain boundaries is resistant to grain growth. Sintering modeling indicated that the initial relative density of as-processed magnetron-sputtered coatings could achieve full density after a short thermal exposure or heat-treatment. Interface toughness computation indicated that Fe-Cr-Ni-Al nanocoatings exhibit high interface toughness in the range of 52–366 J/m2. Interdiffusion modeling using the DICTRA software package indicated that inward diffusion could result in substantial to moderate Al and Cr losses from the nanocoating to the substrate during long-term thermal exposures.
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Fatoba, O. S., S. A. Akinlabi, E. T. Akinlabi, L. C. Naidoo, A. A. Adediran, and O. S. Odebiyi. "Microstructural Enhancement and Performance of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Grade 5 Composite Coatings." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24125.

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Abstract The surface integrity of Titanium alloy may be improved by surface modification, to expand its availability for more diverse industrial applications. Additive manufacturing is a commercially competitive manufacturing technique with the possibility of altering the entire perception of design and fabrication. The study experimentally investigates the effects that Ytterbium Laser System process parameters, such as laser power, powder feed rate and traverse speed, has on the resultant microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 alloy. The deposition process was conducted employing a 3kW (CW) Ytterbium Laser System (YLS-2000-TR) machine, coaxial to the reinforcement powder. The laser scanning speed and power were varied between the intervals of 1–1.2 m/min and 900–1000 W. All other parameters kept constant were the rate of gas flow, the spot diameter, and the rate of powder flow. The microstructure was characterized by grain size and morphology by using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). During the DLMD process, the thermal histories induced in the process led to the promotion of the transformed α+β microstructure from the initial primary a microstructure; the growth and evolution of the distinct grain morphologies and stability of the alpha and beta structures upon increased and reduced structures. It was ascertained that by increasing the traverse speeds, the cooling rates increased, which resulted in the decrease in the width of the columnar grains.
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Huang, Yong, and Mason Morehead. "Study of Machining-Induced Microstructure Variations of ECAE-Processed Ultrafine-Grained Copper." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84124.

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Various methods for production of bulk ultrafine-grained (UFG)/nanostructured materials have been developed. Recently, a top-down approach named equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), a form of severe plastic deformation (SPD), has gained increasing attention in making bulk UFG materials. Such bulk materials are favored for their high strength, wear resistance, ductility, and high strain-rate superplasticity, which makes them suitable for light weight engineering and medical applications. Further precision machining work is normally indispensable for structural applications after bulk ultrafine grained materials are manufactured from any SPD processes. Unfortunately, the microstructure stability issues in precision machining such materials are frequently ignored. Using an ECAE copper bar as an example, this study has investigated its machining-induced workpiece microstructure variation. It has been found that there was a small increase in the size parameter median and the average arithmetic and area weighted grain sizes when comparing those of machined and unmachined bars, and the measured grain sizes oscillated slightly in the radial direction of the machined bar. Dislocation density was shown to have the most reduction at the outer radius location of the machined ECAE bar where more heat and/or higher pressure were experienced.
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Reports on the topic "Stability of grain structure"

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Ruud, Clayton O., Pradeep Ramuhalli, Ryan M. Meyer, Aaron A. Diaz, and Michael T. Anderson. CASS Ferrite and Grain Structure Relationship. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1328845.

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Groeber, Michael A. Digital Representation of Materials Grain Structure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523965.

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Jain, H., and D. B. Williams. Stability of bulk metallic glass structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811871.

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Blackmon, Jeffery C., Robert E. Tribble, Lee G. Sobotka, and Carlos Bertulani. Structure of Nuclei Far From Stability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1235739.

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Tinoco, I. (Structure and stability of nucleic acids). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5999878.

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Sass, S. L. Experimental studies of the structure of grain boundaries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6583705.

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Ma, Qing, Balluffi, R.W. Effect of grain boundary structure on grain boundary diffusivities in the Au/Ag system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6152459.

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Grosch, Chester. Reacting Compressible Mixing Layers: Structure and Stability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada278319.

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Le Pimpec, Frederic. Vibrational Stability of NLC Linac accelerating structure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801820.

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Cecchetti, Stephen, and Stefan Krause. Financial Structure, Macroeconomic Stability and Monetary Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8354.

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