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Journal articles on the topic 'Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe'
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1
PANDUREVIC, NENAD. "Security Aspects of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe." Security Dialogue 32, no. 3 (September 2001): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010601032003004.
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Cremona, Marise. "Creating the New Europe: The Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe in the Context of Eu-See Relations." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 463–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802815734.
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“The European Union continues to be strongly committed to the stabilisation and development of South-Eastern Europe. The Union’s strategy is to draw the countries of the region closer to the prospect of European integration.” This confident statement opens the joint Report on EU action in support of the Stability Pact and South-Eastern Europe (SEE) presented by the Finnish Presidency and the European Commission to the European Council at Helsinki in December 1999. It contains three ideas which are key to the EU’s policy towards the region: stabilisation, development and integration. The Stability Pact seeks to provide a framework for the coordination of effort towards these objectives: greater political stability, security and democratisation; economic reconstruction and development; political, economic and legal integration both within the region and between the countries of SEE and the EU.
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Cremona, Marise. "Creating the New Europe: The Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe in the Context of Eu-See Relations." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 463–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003475.
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“The European Union continues to be strongly committed to the stabilisation and development of South-Eastern Europe. The Union’s strategy is to draw the countries of the region closer to the prospect of European integration.” This confident statement opens the joint Report on EU action in support of the Stability Pact and South-Eastern Europe (SEE) presented by the Finnish Presidency and the European Commission to the European Council at Helsinki in December 1999. It contains three ideas which are key to the EU’s policy towards the region: stabilisation, development and integration. The Stability Pact seeks to provide a framework for the coordination of effort towards these objectives: greater political stability, security and democratisation; economic reconstruction and development; political, economic and legal integration both within the region and between the countries of SEE and the EU.
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Vlachos, Vasileios A. "International business spillovers in South Eastern Europe: members of the stability pact." International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies 4, no. 2 (2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijepee.2011.039567.
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Smit, Mabel Wisse. "The jury is still out on the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe." Helsinki Monitor 11, no. 2 (2000): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181400x00148.
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Gabor, Francis. "Investing in South Eastern Europe: Foreign Direct Investment in the Stability Pact Countries." Review of Central and East European Law 33, no. 1 (2008): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598808x262560.
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Friis, Lykke, and Anna Murphy. "'Turbo-charged negotiations': the EU and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe." Journal of European Public Policy 7, no. 5 (January 2000): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760010014948.
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Priebe, Stefan, Aleksandra Matanov, Neli Demi, Joka Blagovcanin Simic, Sandra Jovanovic, Milena Gajic, Elizabeta Radonic, et al. "Community Mental Health Centres Initiated by the South-Eastern Europe Stability Pact: Evaluation in Seven Countries." Community Mental Health Journal 48, no. 3 (May 27, 2011): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-011-9417-6.
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Derado, Dražen. "THE EFFECTS OF TRADE LIBERALISATION AMONG THE SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.1.1.
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Trade liberalisation brings long-term benefits. Nonetheless, in order to be able to realise those benefits, a creation of a competitive economic structure is required, which would make it possible to successfully participate in the international division of labour. Building from this fact, this paper analyzes the effects of trade liberalisation between the SEEC. To that end, a method of intra-industry trade has been applied on the example of Croatia, in order to establish dynamic effects of changes in trade flows. Low level of trade integration and weak midterm growth prospects in inter-sectoral trade represent the biggest threat for the countries in the Region. The threat could be manifested through rising adjustment costs, as a consequence of trade liberalisation, and could, therefore, jeopardize economic stability. Low level of trade integration poses a problem even from the aspect of the policy of international community towards South East Europe in the framework of the Stability Pact.
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Kristoforovic-Ilic, Miroslava. "Collaboration in the field of public health in south Eastern Europe." Medical review 57, no. 5-6 (2004): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0406237k.
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INTRODUCTION Southeastern Europe faces shortage of interest in modern program of public health education and research, and in mutual cooperation and cooperation with countries of European Union. In 2000, Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe has initiated a project: "Academic Programmes for Training and Research in Public Health in South Eastern Europe". The project named "Agreement on Collaboration of the Public Health Consortium for South Eastern Europe (PH-SEE) provides many opportunities to advance the cooperation and student exchange during post graduate studies. Academic Programmes for Training and Research in Public Health in South Eastern Europe Academic programs include education of how to use internet material in regard to public health from relevant areas and select skilled coordinators. 10 appropriate curricula have been developed with many models and most can be expanded. Agreement on Collaboration of the Public Health Consortium for South Eastern Europe This document has the objective of establishing a formal agreement between the members of the Network enabling cooperation and student exchange programs during postgraduate studies. It supports the mobility of postgraduate students in their scientific or practical work, awards student scholarships or acquiring diploma at foreign universities. Each member of this network will support progress in the frame of mutual research and identify program priorities based on unilateral and multilateral cooperation in public health. Conclusion Work on the project "Academic Programmes for Training and Research in Public Health in South Eastern Europe" has to be considered continual, including some colleagues who have interest in preventive medicine and in other areas. Agreement on Collaboration offers younger generations an opportunity for scientific training. According to recently signed Bologna Declaration, we are free to create a school of public health, and it becomes also our obligation.
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Buchsbaum, Thomas M. "The OSCE and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe: A mother-daughter, brother-sister or partner relationship?" Helsinki Monitor 11, no. 4 (2000): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181400x00508.
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Éthier, Diane. "Promotion de la démocratie dans les Balkans: L'efficacité inégale de la conditionnalité et des incitatifs." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 4 (December 2006): 803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390606029x.
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Résumé.Certains travaux indiquent qu'en matière de promotion de la démocratie, la conditionnalité des élargissements de l'Union européenne (UE) vers l'Europe du Sud et de l'Est s'est avérée plus efficace que les incitatifs employés par diverses organisations internationales. Cet article confirme la validité de ce constat en démontrant que, dans les Balkans, la conditionnalité du Processus de stabilisation et d'association de l'UE a eu des retentissements plus marqués que les incitatifs du Pacte de stabilité pour l'Europe du Sud-Est. En outre, à l'aide des théories des relations internationales, l'article analyse les fondements de l'efficacité de la conditionnalité de l'UE et les raisons pour lesquelles celle-ci a néanmoins des effets inégaux d'un pays à l'autre.Abstract.Various works indicate that, in the matter of democracy promotion, the conditionality of the European Union (EU) enlargements towards Southern and Eastern Europe has proved to be more effective than incentives of many international organizations. This article confirms the validity of this finding. It shows that, in the Balkans, the conditionality of the EU Stabilization and Association Process has had more significative impacts than the incentives of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. Furthermore, with the help of international relations theories, it explains the determinants of the EU conditionality efficiency and the reasons why its effects nevertheless vary from one target state to another.
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Tosevski, Dusica Lecic, Saveta Draganic Gajic, Milica Pejovic Milovancevic, and Slavica Djukic Dejanovic. "Mental health law in Serbia – an important step towards destigmatisation." International Psychiatry 10, no. 3 (August 2013): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003891.
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Serbia has, along with other countries in the region, begun reform of its mental healthcare services. The delivery of mental healthcare was hitherto only partially regulated by law. Hence the National Committee for Mental Healthcare in Serbia has prepared a draft Mental Health Law within the context of a multicentre project entitled ‘Enhancing social cohesion through strengthening community care’ as part of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. It is expected that new mental health legislation will soon be approved by Parliament and lead to the implementation of changes concerning mental healthcare. It should contribute to the destigmatisation of patients, mental health professionals and psychiatry as a discipline.
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Sporrer, Wolfgang. "The OSCE and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europa: Can a new relationship improve performance?" Helsinki Monitor 14, no. 1 (2003): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181403100377264.
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Tatalovic, Sinisa. "Croatia and NATO." Medjunarodni problemi 55, no. 2 (2003): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0302203t.
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The purpose of this article is to study the relations between the Republic of Croatia and NATO. The paper analyses the process of Croatia?s approaching to NATO. By adopting the new strategic concept of NATO at the 1999 Washington summit and conclusions at the 2002 Prague summit the Alliance has confirmed its willingness to enlarge itself through the Partnership for Peace programme. This programme has established itself as a bridge for inclusion of NATO non-member countries into its activities by achieving their interoperability with the Alliance. By all this, the Partnership for Peace has become one of the tools for encouraging defence and security co-operation among European countries, regardless of the fact whether they are NATO members or not. Such a position of NATO in the European security architecture and its enlargement by admitting new member states is of special significance for the Croatian activities taken and directed towards this organisation. Through its activities within the Partnership for Peace Croatia makes preparations to achieve interoperability with NATO. These activities constitute a part of the preparations for its future membership in the Alliance (this also includes the reform of the security and defence system). On the other hand, the co-operation with NATO (together with other mechanisms such as OSCE and the Stability Pact) enables Croatia to exerts its influence towards stabilisation of the situation in this part of South-Eastern Europe, achieving at the same time its key political, economic and security interests in the region.
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BEBLER, ANTON. "SECURITY CHALLENGES IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, me 2013/ ISSUE 15/3 (September 30, 2013): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.15.3.3.
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The purpose of this article is to identify the principal security challenges in South Eastern Europe. The mix of challenges has changed radically since the end of the Cold War and the wars in the former Yugoslavia, in favour of non-military threats. The era of wars of religion, ideology and redrawing of state borders in the Western Balkans seems to be over. The tranquillity in the region, imposed from the outside has been buttressed by two international protectorates. The suppression of armed violence did not add up to long-term stability as the underbrush of nationalism, in- tolerance and inter-communal hatred still survives in the Balkans. The potential for interethnic conflicts and for further fragmentation in the former Yugoslavia has not yet been fully exhausted in spite of much improved interstate relations. Prominent among the non-military threats to security are organized crime, corruption, natural and ecological disasters, climate change and weak energy security. The inclusion of the entire South Eastern Europe into Euro-Atlantic structures offers the best promise. There are thus good reasons for moderately optimistic expectation that the South Eastern Europe will eventually become a region of democracy, prosperity and stability.
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Kursch, Donald B. "The Role of the Stability Pact for the Security in South East Europe." Der Donauraum 42, no. 3 (December 2002): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/dnrm.2002.42.3.47.
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De Grauwe, Paul, and Gunther Schnabl. "Exchange Rate Stability, Inflation, and Growth in (South) Eastern and Central Europe." Review of Development Economics 12, no. 3 (August 2008): 530–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00470.x.
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Valki, Laszlo, and Laszlo Csaba. "Economic and social stability in central and South‐Eastern Europe: Preconditions for security." Adelphi Papers 34, no. 284 (January 1994): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05679329408449220.
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Jokay, Charles Z. "Introduction: Nationality/Ethnic Settlement Patterns and Political Behavior in East Central Europe." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 3 (September 1996): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408454.
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Western experts claim that the end of the Warsaw Pact and the artificial stability it provided, together with what are routinely called “traditional ethnic animosities,” are the causes of continual and inevitable clashes between states in East Central Europe. This area, a triangle formed by the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas, covers the Western border area of the former Soviet Union, and all of Poland, ex-Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, ex-Czechoslovakia and the eastern territories of Germany. This issue of Nationalities Papers is dedicated to the Hungarian ethnic minorities of East Central Europe, in part to examine the validity of the “traditional ethnic animosity” thesis. Spread among seven states, roughly three and a half to four million souls, they constitute the largest diaspora in Europe, and, in relative terms, are more numerous in states around Hungary than the ethnic Russians outside of the Russian Federation on the territory of the former Soviet Union.
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TOTIR, Valentin-Costinel, and Roxana ALEXANDRU. "THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA – NORTH SEA CORRIDOR FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-16.
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Abstract: During history, the main channel of communication and cooperation between countries was through commerce and, consequently, through transport. Among all the transport ways, the maritime transport is the one that offers the best cost – benefits ratio. This article is addressed to all the people involved or interested in the economic and military fields and aims to highlight the importance of the Black Sea and North Sea connecting corridor in ensuring peace and stability in Europe in general and in South-Eastern Europe in special. To achieve this goal, we will review the historical conflicts among European countries for waterway control and make a descriptive analysis of the stability situation in the areas affected by them. Furthermore, using the hypothetical-deductive method, we will highlight the manner in which the connection of the Black Sea with the North Sea has influenced economic and military exchanges between riparian states and the impact on stability across European continent. At the end of the article, we will show how economic and military stability in south-eastern Europe is influenced and threatened by geopolitical changes in the wider Black Sea region and how this stability can be maintained and strengthened due to the great possibilities for economic cooperation among the countries of Western and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty of this approach is that it aims to analyze the importance of the Black Sea-North Sea channel in the context of fundamental changes in the politico-military situation in South-East Europe, generated by the expansion of the Russian Federation and the conflict between Turkey and Greece, NATO member countries.
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Tilly, Charles. "Citizenship, Identity and Social History." International Review of Social History 40, S3 (December 1995): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113586.
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With appropriate lags for rethinking, research, writing and publication, international events impinge strongly on the work of social scientists and social historians. The recent popularity of democratization, globalization, international institutions, ethnicity, nationalism, citizenship and identity as research themes stems largely from world affairs: civilianization of major authoritarian regimes in Latin America; dismantling of apartheid in South Africa; collapse of the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact and Yugoslavia; ethnic struggles and nationalist claims in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa; extension of the European Union; rise of East Asian economic powers. Just as African decolonization spurred an enormous literature on modernization and political development, the explosion of claims to political independence on the basis of ethnic distinctness is fomenting a new literature on nationalism.
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Kil, Krzysztof. "Poziom koncentracji a stabilność finansowa sektorów bankowych krajów Europy Środkowo- -Wschodniej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 110 (July 15, 2015): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2015.110.16.
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The paper analyzes the level of concentration and stability of the banking sectors in Central and Eastern Europe in the years 2000–2013. The states were divided into sub-regions – Central Europe, South–East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. An overview of some current research and an assessment of the relationship between these variables in terms of time and area was presented. A statistically significant coefficients of correlation only for the banking sectors in Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Latvia, Romania, Croatia and Serbia were achieved. The direction and strength of the dependence between concentration and stability in these markets was differentiated.
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Jovic-Lazic, Ana. "The European Union initiative for cooperation with neighbours in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus: Objectives, limitations and challenges of integration without membership." Medjunarodni problemi 72, no. 2 (2020): 404–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2002404j.
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Following the enlargement of the Union, new neighbours in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus became of great importance for the stability of Europe, which is why the EU formulated the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership. Bearing in mind that Russia views this area as a sphere of its own influence, its policy has become of great importance as well as its reactions to the Union?s initiatives in this region. This geopolitical context of the Eastern Partnership became apparent with the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis. In addition to the indicated limits of an often technocratic approach to the EU, the crisis has clearly shown there is a conflict of objectives of the European Union and the Russian Federation in the common neighbourhood and raised the issue of the security and geopolitical implications of this initiative. Also, the policies and interests of the European Union and the Russian Federation affect not only Ukraine but to a greater or lesser extent the development of opportunities in all other countries involved in the EU's Eastern Partnership - Georgia, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
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Bayne, Nicholas. "International Economic Relations After the Cold War." Government and Opposition 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01264.x.
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When The Berlin Wall Came Down, on 10 November 1989, and communist regimes crumbled first in Central Europe, then in the Balkans, finally in the Soviet Union, we all hoped that a new era of peace and prosperity would begin. We knew it would be hard and painful for working democracies and effective market economies to be established in the former Warsaw Pact countries. But we believed that this could be achieved: and that we in the West could provide not only material help, but also the valuable example of the successful economic system practised by the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This system had finally triumphed over the rival, centrally-planned approach. Moreover, it was not just in Central and Eastern Europe that the open market economic system was prevailing, but all over the world. China was transforming its economy, with conspicuous success. The little dragons of East Asia were reaching economic standards close to those of OECD and their neighbours in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) were following in their wake. In Latin America new, open economic and trade policies were being brought in, notably in Mexico. The world-wide prospects had never looked better.
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Drieskens, Edith, and Bart Kerremans. "Verdeeldheid en vertraagde vooruitgang : de Europese Unie in 2003." Res Publica 46, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2004): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v46i2-3.18469.
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In 2003, the completion of the eastern enlargement process dominated European Union activities. Without doubt, for the ten countries that joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, the signing of the Treaty of Accession on 16 May 2003 at the foot of the Akropolis was the high point. A few weeks later, Valéry Giscard D'Estaing presented the draft constitution at the European Council of Thessaloniki. Yet, in the spring of 2003, the European Union was mainly in the news as a divided European Union. In the weeks before the military intervention in lraq, on the European continent, a split became visible between the 'old' and 'new' Europe. However, when looking back, the lraq debacle seems to have given a new impulse to the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, witness the security strategies approved in December 2003. The compliance with the rules of the Stability and Crowth Pact, the increasing exchange rate of the euro, and the evaluation of the internal market programme were on the European economic agenda in 2003. In the autumn, the European Union did not succeed preventing the Cancun Ministerial Conference from breaking down.
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Mustafa, Arben, and Valentin Toçi. "The Impact of Banking Sector Competition on Banks’ Risk-Taking in Transition Economies of Central and South-Eastern Europe." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2018-0004.
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Abstract This paper uses the Panzar-Rosse H-statistic to provide empirical evidence on the impact of competitive behaviour of banks on risk-taking, using the Fixed Effects Vector Decomposition Method on panel data of banks in 15 Central and South-Eastern Europe countries during the period 1999-2009. The findings suggest that banking sector competition has had a negative impact on banks’ risk-taking implying that competition contributed to the improvement of the loan-portfolio quality. However, the results differ significantly when distinguishing between the EU and non-EU countries of the CESEE region. While for the EU countries the relationship between banking sector competition and risk-taking remains negative, this relationship is positive for the non-EU countries of the region, suggesting that an increase of competition in the non-EU countries may be detrimental for the stability of the banking sector in these countries. These results are robust to different model specifications and measures of competition
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Schlemmer, Linda, Olivia Martius, Michael Sprenger, Cornelia Schwierz, and Arwen Twitchett. "Disentangling the Forcing Mechanisms of a Heavy Precipitation Event along the Alpine South Side Using Potential Vorticity Inversion." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 2336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr3202.1.
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Abstract Extreme precipitation events along the Alpine south side (AS) are often forced by upper-level positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies over western Europe. These so-called PV streamers go along with a dynamical forcing for upward motion, a reduction of the static stability in the troposphere (hence facilitating convection), and are associated with low-level winds that transport moisture toward the Alps. A case of heavy precipitation is examined using the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis data. Piecewise PV inversion (PPVI) and the limited-area Climate High Resolution Model (CHRM) are used to assess the influences of mesoscale parts of the streamer on the precipitation event. The impacts on the vertical stability are quantified by the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and an index of static stability. Very sensitive areas in terms of the stability are located beneath the southern tip of the streamer; smaller changes in the stability are observed in the Alpine region. The moisture transport toward the Alps is sensitive to the amplitude of the streamer, which influences the amount of water that can be transported along its eastern flank. The impacts of the topography on the flow are assessed by calculating an average inverse Froude number. Whether or not the air parcels are blocked by or lifted over the barrier (going along with suppressed and enhanced precipitation, respectively) depends on the vertical stability and the impinging wind velocity, two parameters that are inherently linked to the PV streamer and its substructure.
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Fukalová, Petra, and Tomáš Mašíček. "Impacts of Intensive Agriculture on Current Rural Landscape – A Case Study for South Moravian Landscape, Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 5 (2018): 1099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866051099.
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The landscape in several countries of Central and Eastern Europe went through the most dramatic change in the socialist period. Agricultural land was considered only as a productive area. The size of arable land plots increased and stabilizing elements in the landscape were removed. This land consolidation of agriculture has led to the development of soil erosion. This paper presents a case study focused on comparison of landscape structure of model territory in two periods. The first period shows landscape before collectivization of agriculture, and the second one presents current landscape. The research dealt especially with evaluation of ecological stability and water erosion risk of the landscape. The identification of land use trends helps to characterize landscape of the model territory during monitored period. The following trends: decreasing area of arable land, increasing area of built‑up areas and other areas and increase area of vineyards showed different character of current landscape. The evaluation of ecological stability confirmed the loss of stable landscape elements. Based on the calculated values of ecological stability coefficient, the evaluated landscape has degraded from the category of “disturbed landscape capable of self‑regulation” to “devastated landscape”. The results also show the vulnerability of current large plots of arable land and vineyards to water erosion.
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Neag, Mihai Marcel. "Considerations on Transatlantic Security." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0019.
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Abstract The study focuses on the security of the transatlantic space and the role played by its various components in ensuring the stability, security and development of the countries in this space. The role played by the North Atlantic Alliance in the transatlantic space and beyond, as well as contributing to securing the European continent, is also avoided. At the same time, in order to complete the picture of the transatlantic relations, it is necessary to mention the way in which Russia is present in the international relations of South-eastern Europe. The results of this theoretical approach can contribute to creating an overall image of the transatlantic security community and identifying the transatlantic space from a static and dynamic point of view.
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Kozlova, I. V., T. V. Demina, S. E. Tkachev, Yu S. Savinova, E. K. Doroshchenko, O. V. Lisak, Yu P. Dzhioev, et al. "The characterization of TBEV of European subtype circulating in Siberia, Russia." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 15, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-6-30-40.
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The aim of the study was to obtain the complex characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) of European subtype circulating in Western and Eastern Siberia. Using full-genome sequencing approach it was demonstrated that TBEV strains of European subtype isolated in Siberia are genetically similar to the strains from European part of its habitat range, and with the representatives from South Korea. It was confirmed that the homology of TBEV strains of European subtype isolated in different parts of the virus habitat area from Scandinavian countries in the west to the eastern borders of the area (South Korea) is much higher than the homology level of TBEV strains of Far Eastern and Siberian subtypes. The Siberian population of TBEV of European subtype is presented with two groups of strains called as Eastern Siberian and Western Siberian variants, which differ in the combinations of amino acid substitutions in all proteins except NS2B protein. It is found that TBEV strains of European subtype from Siberia possess high neurovirulence, but some of them, like strains from Europe, demonstrate low invasiveness. It is shown that TBEV strains of European subtype have good adaptive capacity, and therefore, can easily adapt to the circulation in various biocenoses in the territory of different landscape-geographical zones. It was found that the circulation of TBEV of European subtype is fixed in Siberia territory for over 40 years. It was emphasized that in spite of circulation of TBEV of European subtype in the significantly different areas by climatic conditions, topography, landscape, habitat characteristics it possesses a high degree of genome stability.
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Stojic, Dragoslav, Djordje Djordjevic, and Jasmina Stojic. "DYNET project: DAAD joint curriculum development in civil engineering of University of Nis." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0801001s.
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DYNET Project has greatly contributed to the development of high engineering education at the University of Nis, since year 2000. This project has been financed by the German DAAD program, in the framework of the South East Europe Stability Pact, and the goal of the project is primarily development of high education in the region, and education of young engineers. The project began at the Ruhr University of Bochum (RUB) in cooperation with the Universities of Nis (UN), Skopje and Sarajevo, and later expanded to other universities. The basis of cooperation is a very successful long term cooperation of two universities of RUB and UN, that dates back to 1975 and which has been managed by professor Guenther Schmid of the University of Bochum. A reform of the Curriculum was initiated at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Nis in 2000 and it has been officially underway for three years. The programs have been organized along the principles of the Bologna process. The studies are divided into three levels: Bachelor Studies, Master Studies, and Doctoral Studies. The programs of the studies comprise study fields such as bridges, tunnels, hydraulic engineering, road and rail networks or residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The paper promotes the benefits of the participation of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Nis in the DYNET project, as well as the analysis and challenges which were present in the process of engineering education.
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Demina, T. V., I. V. Kozlova, S. E. Tkachev, E. K. Doroshchenko, O. V. Lisak, Yu S. Savinova, O. V. Suntsova, et al. "DEFINITION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENOMIC STRUCTURE OF SIBERIAN STRAINS OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS OF THE EUROPEAN SUBTYPE." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 63, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-1-29-36.
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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is classified into three subtypes: Far Eastern (TBEV-FE), European (TBEV-EU) and Siberian (TBEV-SIB). In Russia, these are also called genotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Geographically, TBEV-EU dominates in Central and Northern Europe, but its representatives are also found to the east - along the southern part of the forest zone of extratropical Eurasia - up to Eastern Siberia and South Korea. However, the strains isolated outside Europe remain poorly investigated. In the proposed study, eight full genomes of the Siberian isolates of TBEV-EU were determined and 13 complete genomes were compared. The analysis of 152 full-genome TBEV sequences showed that the TBEV-EU has a higher degree of stability of the genome-coding region in the entire Eurasian area (3.1% of differences) compared to TBEV-FE (6.6%) and TBEV-SIB (7.8%). At the same time, the maximum differences are observed not between European and Siberian strains, as one could expect, but between the representatives from Europe - TBEV strains Mandl-2009 from Norway and Hypr from the Czech Republic. The studied strains from Siberia form the compact genetic cluster of 42 TBEV-EU strains and are divided into two subclusters - West Siberian and East Siberian variants. These variants differ in the combinations of amino acid substitutions in all proteins except NS2B. The West Siberian variant mostly circulates in the territory of Altai, and the closest relative of its representatives is Absettarov strain from the European part of Russia. The strains similar to the East Siberian variant of the European subtype were recorded in the Altai (strain 84.2, 2007) and in Belarus (N256, about 1940).
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Zhao, Chengcheng, Jinghu Pan, and Lianglin Zhang. "Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Global Population Exposure Risk of PM2.5 from 2000–2016." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137427.
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A high level of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become one of the greatest threats to human health. Based on multi-source remote sensing data, the pollutant population exposure model, accompanied by the Theil–Sen Median and Mann–Kendall methods, was used to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of global population exposure risk of PM2.5 from 2000 to 2016. The population distribution patterns of high-risk exposure areas have been accurately identified; the variation trend and stability of global population exposure risk of PM2.5 have also been analyzed. According to the results, the average concentration of PM2.5 is correlated with the total population. The average concentration of PM2.5 for countries from high to low are Asia (14.7 μg/m3), Africa (8.1 μg/m3), Europe (8.03 μg/m3), South America (5.69 μg/m3), North America (4.41 μg/m3), and Oceania (1.27 μg/m3). In addition, the global average population exposure risk of PM2.5 is decreasing annually. Specifically, China, India, Southeast Asia, and other regions have higher exposure risks. Less developed mountainous regions, cold regions, deserts and tropical rainforest regions have lower exposure risks. Moreover, Oceania, North America, South America and other regions have relatively stable exposure, whereas areas with relatively unstable exposure risk of PM2.5 are mainly concentrated in Asia, India, and eastern China, followed by Southeast Asia, Europe, and Africa. Furthermore, Asia has the largest population of all the continents, followed by Africa and Europe. Countries with increased populations are mainly distributed in Africa, whereas the countries with a declining population are mainly distributed in Europe. Based on this, it is important to identify the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and population exposure risk to improve human settlements and environmental risk assessment.
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Mastilo, Zoran, Nenad Božović, and Dejan Mastilo. "Central Bank in the Function of Development of National Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 90 (April 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.90.26.
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The paper addresses and evaluates the currency board policy and assesses whether the currency board, as a form of monetary policy, is in the function of development of Bosnia and Herzegovina's national economy. In this context, a hypothesis that the currency board provides the foundation for growth and development of a transition economy is being put to the test. To test the hypothesis, the paper compares the movement of economic growth indicators (gross domestic product) among the countries of South Eastern Europe with the primary focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. By comparing the obtained results, as well as by applying the correlation and regression analysis, by means of simple linear regression, it is proven that the currency board does not represent an obstacle to economic growth, but is the basis for establishing the stability of the economy and the basis for sustainable growth and development able to adequately respond to shocks.
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Polak, Rainer. "Pattern and Variation in the Timing of Aksak Meter: Commentary on Goldberg." Empirical Musicology Review 10, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v10i4.4883.
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In a chronometric timing study of percussive accompaniment in two recorded live performances from south-eastern Europe, Daniel Goldberg (2015) focuses on timing variations that relate to several levels of grouping structure and musical form. This commentary puts the target study into the context of performance timing research, confirms its empirical validity by a replication of core findings using a slightly different chronometric protocol, and finds a systematic variation of same-category durations within each bar, suggesting that a metric timing pattern (London 2012) might play a role. Finally, I argue that Goldberg’s analysis speaks of both variation <em>and</em> stability of performance timing patterns. While this statement is near banal, it cannot be easily explained, in the studied context of an asymmetric 3-beat/7-subdivisions aksak meter ( | x . . x . x . | ), by contemporary conceptualizations of the cognitive processes that constitute reference frameworks for musical rhythm performance and perception (e.g., metric projection, beat induction, or dynamic attending).
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Kalicka-Mikołajczyk, Adriana. "Pogłębiona i kompleksowa strefa wolnego handlu — nowa forma współpracy gospodarczej Unii Europejskiej z krajami partnerskimi Europy Wschodniej i Kaukazu Południowego w ramach Europejskiej Polityki Sąsiedztwa." Ekonomia 22, no. 2 (November 10, 2016): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.22.2.2.
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Deepen and congeneric free trade area — a new form of business collaboration of the European Union with its neighbours from Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus within the European Neighbourhood Policy The European Neighbourhood Policy ENP was developed in 2004, with the objective of avoiding of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and strengthening the prosperity, stability and security of all participants. Within the ENP the European Union offers its neighbours a privileged relationship building upon a mutual commitment to common values, political association and deeper economic integration. The ENP links partner countries with the EU’s internal market and its social and economic model. For partners, this means adopting basic rules on equal opportunities, economic participation and fair competition. The ENP builds upon the legal agreements in place between the EU and the partner countries: Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements. Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova signed Association Agreements with the EU on 27 June 2014. The deep and comprehensive free trade agreement is part of a new generation of Association Agreements with eastern partner countries which provides a long-term foundation for future economic relations with the European Union. It was agreed that Association Agreement should take an ambitious and innovative approach, include a deep and comprehensive free trade area and go qualitatively beyond the current Partnership and Cooperation Agreement wherever possible. It contains binding, rule-based provisions and cooperation developed further than in traditional agreements and it is wide-ranging, covering all areas of interest. The deep and comprehensive free trade area is part of the Association Agreement which offer a new framework for modernising partner countries trade relations and for economic development by the opening of markets via the progressive removal of customs tariffs and quotas, and by an extensive harmonisation of laws, norms and regulations in various trade-related sectors, creating the conditions for aligning key sectors of the eastern partners economy to European Union standards. The deep and comprehensive free trade areas are expected to bring many economic benefits for Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine by offering businesses access to the EU’s single market — the largest in the world.
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Alborova, Dina, Boris Koybaev, and Elena Galkina. "Non-Use of Force Agreement as a Factor of Influence on Security Issues in the System of International Relations (On the Example of Georgian-Ossetian Conflict and Conflicts in Europe." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.11.
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Introduction. In recent decades, the issue of security has remained very acute and most pressing in modern international relations. Security is the key word that defines domestic and foreign policies of states in both the Caucasus region and a number of European regions. In the late 80s of the 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union was painful, accompanied by the economic collapse, the rupture of socio-economic and political ties, awakening of national identity, which often took the form of nationalistic character. Painful processes took place in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, in the Caucasus, which flamed with conflicts. Owing to ethno political conflicts new state formations appeared. Methods and materials. This article uses a set of methods for studying international politics, mainly the comparative, systemic, structural and functional ones, as well as methods for analyzing and processing documents, including content analysis. The use of the conflictological paradigm is the main methodological tool of this study. The authors also use the case study method for studying various conflicts (Georgian-Ossetian conflict, in Cyprus, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Transdniestria, etc.). The article analyzes the UN Resolutions, treaties, and memorandums relating to the non-use of force in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and conflicts in Europe. Analysis. One of the key aspects of regional security in the system of international relations is the issue of signing the Treaty on the Non-Use of Force. This issue has also been discussed at the official site – the Geneva meetings. The South Caucasus is an unstable, conflict-prone region with many problems. Here interests of both world and regional players collide, which cannot influence stability and security in regional international relations positively. Moreover, new challenges are swaying the situation, in particular, in the form of world terrorism and wars in the neighboring Middle East. Each of the countries located in the South Caucasus is fully aware of the need for stable peace and security in the region, but, at the same time, they do not have a common opinion on the issues relating to the mechanisms for achieving this state. As regards, in particular, the Georgian-Ossetian relations, the situation is aggravated by the foreign policy of these countries – while Georgia is taking steps towards European integration and joining NATO, South Ossetia is more and more integrated into the socio-economic and political legal components of the Russian Federation, denoting its strategic partnership with Russia as a guarantee of its own security. Results. The examples of conflicts in Europe and the Georgian-Ossetian conflict analyzed in the article show that the Agreements on the nonuse of force could serve as a basis for the cease-fire, divorce of the warring parties and the beginning of preparing a platform for the negotiation process. Nevertheless, there is not unequivocal answer to the question of whether such agreements are a guarantee that one of the parties may not violate the agreement and hostilities will not resume again.
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Frasheri, Eneida, and Eris Dhamo. "Factors That Influences Mental Health Policy In Albania." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 14 (May 29, 2016): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n14p175.
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Mental health policy is a major challenge in every government engagement. Human wellbeing is threatened by mental health issue, and this is why it is necessary to position mental health as a health priority (WHO, 2001). The reduction of human and economic cost of mental health problems can be achieved by providing equitable and evidence-based mental healthcare and treatment. In Albania, the organization of mental health policy has experienced changes in the past half century, especially after the 90’s. This was driven by political commitment at national and intergovernmental levels in response to the challenges posed by mental health problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, present factors, and circulates what affects and prepossess the adoption of new mental health policy. The methodology used for this paper was based on two main elements. The first was the analyzing of Albanian conceptual framework, which is derived from two grounded elements: policy content and health policy process. The second element involves data collection using semistructured interview (12) with three levels of policy: policymakers, health policy administrator, and mental health care provider. Also, we consulted a wide range of electronic databases before underpinning the research with additional search. This search includes the scanning of a range of websites, reference lists of included studies, the legal mental health framework, and the respective documents. The activities stipulated in the First Component of the South-Eastern European Mental Health Project under the Stability Pact urged the process of a new mental health policy formulation and adoption of mental health legislation stressing human rights of patients. The WHO has influenced the whole mental health policy framework. They have instructed the National Policy Document for the Mental Health and the recpective action plans. In addition, they have supervised the impemention of this Documents and has trained mental health experts at all levels. Albanian policymaker are concerned with having an adequate map of mental health facilities. This is because many of the dedicated program are far way to be reached from persons in need. All policymaker actors are focused on the need for identification. In this trend of increase in the number of persons with mental health problems and their need for a more holistic care, finances has a crucial role to play.
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Shevchenko, K. V. "UKRAINIAN MOVEMENT AND CZECHOSLOVAK POLICY IN THE RUSIN QUESTION DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD AS REFLECTED BY AMERIKANSKY RUSSKY VIESTNIK." Rusin, no. 61 (2020): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/61/8.
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The article analyzes the publications of a leading Rusin periodical in North America, Amerikansky russky viestnik, which during the interwar period was the official bulletin of the Greek Catholic Union of Rusin Brotherhoods based in Homestead, Pennsylvania. In its numerous publications, Amerikansky russky viestnik paid great attention to the genesis and further development of the Ukrainian movement and to different aspects of Czechoslovak policy towards Rusin population in Subcarpathian Rus and Eastern Slovakia. In particular, Amerikansky russky viestnik voiced criticism about different aspects of the Ukrainian movement emphasizing its totally artificial character, anti- Slavic and anti-Russian orientation as well as its total dependence on German and Austrian politics during the First World War. As Amerikansky russky viestnik pointed out, the Ukrainian movement played a role of a mere tool of the German anti-Slavic policy in Central Europe. As far as the Rusin politics of interwar Czechoslovakia is concerned, Amerikansky russky viestnik and other Rusin periodicals in the USA criticized the Czechoslovak authorities for their wide-scale and generous support of the Ukrainian movement in the Carpathian region pointing out that such attitude might endanger the stability of Czechoslovak state in future. Apart from that, Amerikansky russky viestnik was extremely critical of the language, educational, and cultural policy of Czechoslovak government, which supported the policy of the “soft ukrainization” of the indigenous Rusin population in the south of the Carpathian region. The American newspaper voiced concerns about the absence of the true autonomy of Subcarpathian Rus within Czechoslovakia, which violated international treaties and Czechoslovak Constitution.
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PODBREŽNIK, BRANKO. "PARTICIPATION OF THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND MISSIONS IN THE LIGHT OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA." O SLOVENSKI VOJSKI 2012-2014/ SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES 2012–2014, VOLUME 2015/ ISSUE 17/4 (October 30, 2015): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179//bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.17.4.5.
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Within its scope of tasks, the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) should be capable of providing military defence of the country, fulfilling international obligations, and participating in international operations and missions (IOM) as well as in the system of protection against natural and other disasters. In a number of countries, the decision to take part in IOMs is a rather complicated one, due to the diverse and contradictory political views and constitutional solutions. The Republic of Slovenia (RS) has actively participated in IOMs since 1997. In this way, it aims to contribute, in accordance with its capabilities and interests, to the establishment of international peace and stability, especially in its neighbourhood, the South-Eastern Europe (SEE). Thus, in the future, the engagement of the RS in IOMs will mostly be subject to its security and foreign policy interests and objectives. The SAF participation in IOMs will no longer primarily include operations closer to police tasks, but rather those associated with a higher level of risk requiring enhanced military force. Slovenska vojska mora biti v okviru svojih nalog sposobna izvesti vojaško obrambo države, izpolnjevati mednarodne obveznosti, sodelovati v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah (MOM) ter v sistemu varstva pred naravnimi in drugimi nesrečami. Odločitev države o sodelovanju v MOM je v številnih državah precej zapletena zaradi različnih in med seboj nasprotujočih si političnih pogledov ter ustavnih rešitev. Republika Slovenija aktivno sodeluje v MOM od leta 1997. Tako želi skladno s svojimi zmožnostmi in interesi prispevati k vzpostavitvi mednarodnega miru in stabilnosti, predvsem v svoji soseščini, jugovzhodni Evropi. Sodelovanje RS bo imelo v MOM predvsem funkcije varnostnih in zunanjepolitičnih interesov ter ciljev RS. SV bo zato v MOM sodelovala predvsem z višjo stopnjo tveganja, ki zahteva poudarjeno vojaško silo, in ne več predvsem z operacijami, ki so bližje policijskim nalogam.
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PODBREŽNIK, BRANKO. "SODELOVANJE SLOVENSKE VOJSKE V MEDNARODNIH OPERACIJAH IN NA MISIJAH V LUČI ZUNANJE POLITIKE REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2012/ ISSUE 14/4 (October 30, 2012): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.14.4.3.
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Slovenska vojska mora biti v okviru svojih nalog sposobna izvesti vojaško obrambo države, izpolnjevati mednarodne obveznosti, sodelovati v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah (MOM) ter v sistemu varstva pred naravnimi in drugimi nesrečami. Odločitev države o sodelovanju v MOM je v številnih državah precej zapletena zaradi različnih in med seboj nasprotujočih si političnih pogledov ter ustavnih rešitev. Republika Slovenija aktivno sodeluje v MOM od leta 1997. Tako želi skladno s svojimi zmožnostmi in interesi prispevati k vzpostavitvi mednarodnega miru in sta- bilnosti, predvsem v svoji soseščini, jugovzhodni Evropi. Sodelovanje RS bo imelo v MOM predvsem funkcije varnostnih in zunanjepolitič- nih interesov ter ciljev RS. SV bo zato v MOM sodelovala predvsem z višjo stopnjo tveganja, ki zahteva poudarjeno vojaško silo, in ne več predvsem z operacijami, ki so bližje policijskim nalogam. Within its scope of tasks, the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) should be capable of providing military defence of the country, fulfilling international obligations, and participating in international operations and missions (IOM) as well as in the system of protection against natural and other disasters. In a number of countries, the decision to take part in IOMs is a rather complica- ted one, due to the versatile and contradictory political views and constitutional solutions. The Republic of Slovenia (RS) has been actively participating in IOM since 1997. This is its way of contributing to the establishment of international peace and stability, especially in its neighbourhood, the South-eastern Europe. The IOM engagement of the RS will thus be mainly marked by security and foreign policy interests and will no longer include operations closer to police tasks, but rather participation in IOM with a higher level of risks requiring enhanced military force.
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AJbarzinji, Zaid. "Fifth Harvard University Forum Islamic Finance." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i3.1937.
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Each year, the Harvard Islamic Finance Information Program (HIFIP) of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies organizes this forum. This year's forum had an international flavor, thanks to participants from Malaysia, South Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Participants were mainly finance industry representatives from the Islamic Development Bank, the Kuwait Finance House, HSBC Amanah Finance, the Dow Jones Islamic Index, Bank Indonesia, Freddie Mac, and others. In addition, several experts in Islamic economics and finance, such as Monzer Kahf, M. Nejatullah Siddiqi, Nizam Yaquby, and Frank E. Vogel participated. Many other participants sought to educate themselves about the principles of Islamic finance and the availability of lslamically approved financial products. Overall, the forum was more of an opportunity for those interested in Islamic finance to meet each other, network, and present some of their latest lslamically approved financial instruments and contracts. The forum featured a few research papers and many case studies. Most presentations and panel discussions focused on current and past experiences in the Islamic finance industry, challenges facing the development of new financial instruments, effective marketing and delivery of products to end-users, and areas where applying jjtihad is most needed and promising. Participants also discussed the need to develop relevant financial institutions to strengthen the stability and perfonnance of Islamic financial service providers ( e.g., managing liquidity and risk). Thomas Mullins, HIFIP's executive director, welcomed the guests. He stressed the Islamic finance industry's important role in creating a dialogue between I slam and the West - a role made especially relevant after September 11. Forum chairperson Samuel Hayes, Jacob Schiff Professor Emeritus at Harvard Business School, used his opening remarks to commend the industry on its many accomplishments during the past decade and outlined areas for improvement. In his introduction, Saif Shah Mohammed, president of the Harvard Islamic Society, suggested that the industry should prer vide relevant services to students, such as Shari'ah-compliant educational loans and young professional programs. Ahmad Mohamed Ali, president of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), delivered the keynote address: "The Emerging Islamic Financial Architecture: The Way Ahead." He discussed the infrastructure required to strengthen the Islamic financial industry, which is in a process of evolution. Some recent major initiatives include the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions, the Islamic Financial Services Organization, an international Islamic financial market with a liquidity management center, and an Islamic rating agency. Currently, there are ...
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Popovic, Marko. "The Saxon church in Novo Brdo - Santa Maria in Novomonte." Starinar, no. 69 (2019): 319–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1969319p.
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The site with the remains of the Saxon church, that is, the former Catholic church of St Mary, lies on a mild slope that descends from the fort to the southeast, or the village of Bostane. Located at a distance of about 1,200 m from Novo Brdo?s Lower Town, it was outside this former urban area. It was intermittently investigated in the 1950s and ?60s, but the complete results of these works have not been published. With this in mind, after almost six decades, an attempt was made, based on the remaining fieldwork documentation, to examine in more detail the complex of this important Novo Brdo edifice. The investigated remains of the church itself reveal three stages, or more precisely, construction phases, which reflect the emergence, renovation and extension of this temple over an extended period of time, from the first decades of the 14th to the end of the 17th century. The first and most important stage comprises the construction of the church itself, as well as the successive adding of masonry tombs and graves in the interior of the original temple. The following stage includes an extensive renovation and expansion of the church, while the third and final stage is distinguished by the construction of a porch in front of the western fa?ade (Fig. 2). The Saxon church is a single-nave temple of a spacious rectangular base. On the eastern side, two massive pilasters separated the nave from a much narrower alter area that terminated in a semicircular apse. This space, that is, the presbytery, was divided by a pair of similar massive pilasters into two unequal parts - a shorter western one, which could be labelled as the choir, and a much larger eastern one, in the centre of which was a masonry altar mensa in the form of a massive column and two simultaneously built steps. In front of them, on the same western side, this construction also included the first, monolithic step, which on the sides had step-like profiled cubes, the upper surface of which contained regularly carved circular indentations for the placement of massive candles. Alongside all four corners of the masonry construction of the alter mensa, steplike profiled bases carved from breccia were discovered in situ, which most likely carried the construction of a wooden ciborium. On the southern side, in the corner between the altar area and the wider nave, a sacristy was located, which was connected by a door to the presbytery, that is, the choir. The interior of the Saxon church, which was completely explored, revealed the existence of several burial horizons, which can, chronologically and in terms of their general characteristics, be determined. The oldest burials, which were performed within the original church, somewhat differ from the later ones, from the time after the renovation of the temple, as well as the construction of the porch. Characteristic of the older period are masonry tombs, intended for a number of burials (Fig. 3). Generally observed, despite the noticeable construction technique typical of the local area, the Saxon church stylistically resembled a Gothic edifice. What particularly contributed to this are stylistically clearly recognisable tall and narrow windows with a broken arch. Such a stylistic preference, in all likelihood, was also influenced by a possible solution for the under- roof construction above the unvaulted nave. The Saxon church in Novo Brdo represents a peculiar phenomenon in the territory of Serbia. It is immediately apparent that the church?s spatial solution corresponded to the needs of Roman Catholic worship. However, by the form of its base it is distinguished from the usual types of Catholic temples in the coastal areas of medieval Serbia, from where the western cultural influences flowed. It was clearly noted that the base of the Novo Brdo church has no close parallels among churches of the Adriatic, which imposed the need for a more detailed consideration of its spatial solution. It?s base, with a rectangular nave, a narrower vaulted presbytery and a laterally positioned sacristy, is characteristic of sacral architecture in a wider area, from the Netherlands, Southern Germany and Saxony, all the way to Transylvania - Ardeal. The spread of this type of base from the areas of its origin, during the 12th and 13th centuries, can be associated with the Saxon diaspora, specifically the Sassi miners, progressing towards the east. This was particularly indicated by a considerable number of these temples in the mining areas of Ardeal, from where the Sassi migrations advanced further down to the south, namely, to the central regions of the Balkans. The thus perceived base of the Novo Brdo church, which, on the whole, follows the spatial solution of Saxon temples, represents the southernmost example of a sacral edifice of this type in Southeast Europe. The time of the construction of the Saxon church in Novo Brdo can be quite reliably determined despite the fragmentarily preserved documentation. The rapid development of the city was undoubtedly accompanied by religious organising, first of the Sassi miners, followed by numerous merchants from Adriatic towns, primarily those from the ?King?s City? of Kotor, and subsequently also from Dubrovnik. Based on all these findings it can be quite safely concluded that the first newly erected church in Novo Brdo was precisely the Saxon church, that is, Santa Maria in Novomonte. It was built, without any doubt, due to the efforts of the newly settled Sassi mining community. Such a conclusion can reliably be drawn on the basis of the spatial solution of the new temple rooted in traditions from the homeland, which were disseminated by this mining population in all areas of their diaspora. The very method of building and some construction solutions, which did not affect the basic concept, were left to local builders. This dating is further supported by coin finds, the oldest specimens of which originate from the last decade of the reign of King Stefan Uros II (1282-1321). The Saxon church, outside the fortified Lower Town, shared the fate of Novo Brdo. Since it was located on the access route to the city, which was not especially defended, it could have been exposed to occasional Turkish attacks during the last decades of the 14th century. With significant destruction, as evidenced by the results of archaeological excavations, the earlier period of life of the Saxon church came to an end. It can be assumed that this took place at the time of the almost two-year long Turkish siege of Novo Brdo between 1439 and 1441. After the Turkish occupation of Novo Brdo in 1455, and upon restoring stability in the conquered city, conditions were created for the renovation of the Saxon church ? Santa Maria in Novomonte. One letter from Rome, sent to the archbishop of the city of Bar in 1458, indicates that this was also advocated by Pope Pius II personally. Major works on that occasion, as shown by archaeological investigations, were conducted within the area of the nave, which was almost entirely in ruins. The undertaken renovation provided the opportunity to increase the size of the church, specifically to extend it westward by 2.70 m. New walls were built from the ground up on the northern and western side of the nave, while within the altar area, which was certainly much better preserved, no traces of any subsequent alterations were noted. Somewhat later, in front of the renovated church, a wooden porch was added. The Saxon church was also used for worship during the 16th and the first half of the 17th century. The archbishop of Bar, Marino Bizzi, during a canonical visitation in 1610, noted that the church at that time fulfilled all the requirements for worship. Three decades later, his successor, Archbishop Giorgio Bianchi, visited the Novo Brdo ?canonical church dedicated to St Mary?, which he says was in the hands of Christians and that inside ?are graves in which Catholics are buried??. This is also the last known data regarding this prominent Novo Brdo temple, which was, without a doubt, finally destroyed during the Austro-Turkish war at the end of the 17th century.
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"Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe: South-East Europe Compact for Reform, Investment, Integrity and Growth." International Legal Materials 39, no. 4 (July 2000): 962–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900008226.
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"Documents: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe Declaration on Cooperation in Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Regional Table of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Chairman's Conclusions, 5 June 2002 Statement on the Stability Pact's Increased Regional Ownership, Bucharest, 5 June 2002." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 3, no. 1 (January 2003): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999338.
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Budimac, Zoran, Zoran Putnik, Mirjana Ivanović, Klaus Bothe, Katerina Zdravkova, and Boro Jakimovski. "Multi-country experience in delivering a joint course on software engineering – numerical results." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 15, no. 1 (January 15, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1636.
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<p class="Abstract">A joint course, created as a result of a project under the auspices of the ‘Stability Pact of South-Eastern Europe’ and DAAD, has been conducted in several Balkan countries: in Novi Sad, Serbia, for the last six years in several different forms, in Skopje, FYR of Macedonia, for two years, for several types of students, and in Tirana, Albania, in the form of a crash, 7-day course, for the last two years. In this paper, we will put an emphasis on the assessment methods used within these courses, and compare them with the ‘original’ course that has been conducted at the Humboldt University in Berlin for almost a decade. Having a good environment for comparisons we draw some conclusions about teaching software engineering in different environments.</p>
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"Austria." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 66 (March 2, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513535852.002.
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This technical note on Austria presents the Financial Stability analysis, stress testing, and interconnectedness. Austria’s banking sector presents unique structural vulnerabilities. Private credit growth has supported the cyclical boom without jeopardizing household and corporate indebtedness. Profits of Austrian subsidiaries in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Europe have increased recently; however, the cycle is turning and the ability of the sector to maintain a solid net interest margin may be further challenged. The Austrian authorities have targeted vulnerabilities related to interconnectedness by imposing Other Systemically Important Institution buffers also at the unconsolidated level. Institutional cooperation arrangements are shown to act as a shock absorber for idiosyncratic shocks, but holdings among participating members of respective IPSs may lead to substantial inward stability risks in a systemic event. Under favorable economic conditions inverse ownership contributes strongly to their capital generation by allowing partial redistribution of profits higher tier banks in the Raiffeisen sector earn on their more profitable international business.
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"The Operational Role of the OSCE in South-Eastern Europe: Contributing to Regional Stability in the Balkans, ed. by Victor-Yves Ghebali and Daniel Warner." Helsinki Monitor 13, no. 1 (2002): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718140220435467.
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"Book Reviews." Journal of Economic Literature 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 859–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.3.851.r5.
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Eighteen papers explore the relationship between food security and sociopolitical stability up to approximately 2025. Papers discuss food or consequences—food security and its implications for global sociopolitical stability; the future of the global food economy—scenarios for supply, demand, and prices; what we know about the climate of the next decade; the global land rush; global freshwater and food security in the face of potential adversity; managing marine resources for food and human security; crop technologies for the coming decade; livestock futures to 2020—how they will shape food, environmental, health, and global security; labor migration and food security in a changing climate; trade policies and global food security; food security and political stability—a humanitarian perspective; moral economics of food security and protest in Latin America; food security and sociopolitical stability in Sub-Saharan Africa; lessons from the Arab Spring—food security and stability in the Middle East and North Africa; food security and sociopolitical stability in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; food security and sociopolitical stability in South Asia; when China runs out of farmers; and food security and sociopolitical stability in East and Southeast Asia. Barrett is Stephen B. and Janice G. Ashley Professor of Applied Economics and Management, and International Professor of Agriculture in the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, and Professor in the Department of Economics at Cornell University.