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Journal articles on the topic 'Stable flame'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wan, Jianlong, and Ziyi Su. "Ultra-lean dynamics of a holder-stabilized hydrogen enriched flames in a preheated mesoscale combustor." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 5 (2022): 057108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091039.

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To provide the theoretical basis to suppress the unstable flames under the coupling effect of flow and heat recirculation, the present work experimentally studies the ultra-lean dynamics of a holder stabilized 40%H2–60%CH4–air premixed flame in a preheated mesoscale combustor. The regime diagram of the flame behaviors at various operating conditions is obtained. It is observed that the blow-off limit first increases slightly and then decreases sharply (the anomalous blow-off limit) with the decreased Re value. Three types of the flame behaviors (i.e., the conventional stable flame, the stable

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2

Andi, Sanata, Yuliati Lilis, Nur Sasongko Mega, and Nyoman Gede Wardana I. "FLAME BEHAVIOR INSIDE CONSTANT DIAMETER CYLINDRICAL MESOSCALE COMBUSTOR WITH DIFFERENT BACKWARD FACING STEP SIZE." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 8 (104) (2020): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.197988.

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This research observes the behavior of the flame stability in a cylindrical meso-scale combustor at various backward facing step sizes. The backward facing step was varied by changing the size of the combustor inlet diameter while the size of the combustor outlet diameter was kept constant, keeping a constant contact area. Butane gas (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) was used as fuel with air as the oxidizing agent. The results show that generally, the flame mode and area of the flame mode map are obtained for the conditions of the stable flame at combustor rim, stable flame in combustor, stable f

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3

Zheng, Xiao Feng, Yaoxun Feng, and Ming Sheng Jia. "Experimental Investigation of Methane/Air Penetration Combustion and Flame Stability Characteristics on Porous Wall Surface." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.190.

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Aimed to optimize the design of micro combustor whose chamber based on porous medium wall surface, combustion and flame stability characteristics on porous wall surface with methane/air flat flame were investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental results show that stable flat flame can be formed on the porous medium surface within given ranges of fuel equivalence ratio and flow rate. When mixture flow rate increasing, the thickness of flame decreases firstly and then increases, and standoff distance of flames decreases quickly and then is unchanged. At higher mean velocity of mi

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4

Hollingshead, Joshua M., Makayla L. L. Ianuzzi, Alexandra C. Risha, Jeffrey D. Moore, and Grant A. Risha. "Influence of Annular Flow Area and a 30-Degree Impingement Angle on Methane/Oxygen Diffusion Flame Stability." Methane 4, no. 3 (2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/methane4030016.

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This work examined the effects of secondary annular flow area on flame stability in an experimental diffusion flame burner. The burner was composed of a horizontally mounted, rectangular chamber that utilized a retractable spark plug for ignition and an inverse coaxial injector. The primary and secondary gaseous reactants were oxygen and methane, respectively. Three injectors were assessed to have a fixed primary flow area and secondary flow impingement angle of 30 degrees with the primary flow and distinct secondary annular flow areas. Resultant flames and flame standoff distances were record

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5

Wang, Meng, Chen Fu, Xiaoyang Wang, et al. "Experimental Investigation on the Symmetry and Stabilization of Ethanol Spray Swirling Flames Utilizing Simultaneous PIV/OH-PLIF Measurements." Symmetry 16, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16020205.

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A detailed experimental study of ethanol spray swirling flames was performed in an axial bluff body stabilized burner. The characteristics of the non-reacting and reacting sprays were recorded by particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical. A few typical flames with different structures (outer-side-flame-lifting, stable, and near-blow-off) were compared and analyzed. The parameters of the spray, including the spray half-angle (α) and droplet number density (nd), are quantified, and it has been found the flame structure and stability were st

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6

Vance, Faizan Habib, Yuriy Shoshin, Philip de Goey, and Jeroen van Oijen. "Flame Stabilization and Blow-Off of Ultra-Lean H2-Air Premixed Flames." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071977.

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The manner in which an ultra-lean hydrogen flame stabilizes and blows off is crucial for the understanding and design of safe and efficient combustion devices. In this study, we use experiments and numerical simulations for pure H2-air flames stabilized behind a cylindrical bluff body to reveal the underlying physics that make such flames stable and eventually blow-off. Results from CFD simulations are used to investigate the role of stretch and preferential diffusion after a qualitative validation with experiments. It is found that the flame displacement speed of flames stabilized beyond the

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7

JU, YIGUANG, HONGSHENG GUO, KAORU MARUTA, and FENGSHAN LIU. "On the extinction limit and flammability limit of non-adiabatic stretched methane–air premixed flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 342 (July 10, 1997): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097005636.

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Extinction limits and the lean flammability limit of non-adiabatic stretched premixed methane–air flames are investigated numerically with detailed chemistry and two different Planck mean absorption coefficient models. Attention is paid to the combined effect of radiative heat loss and stretch at low stretch rate. It is found that for a mixture at an equivalence ratio lower than the standard lean flammability limit, a moderate stretch can strengthen the combustion and allow burning. The flame is extinguished at a high stretch rate due to stretch and is quenched at a low stretch rate due to rad

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8

Avila Jimenez, Cristian D. Avila, Santiago Cardona, Mohammed A. Juaied, et al. "Influence of the Pilot Flame on the Morphology and Exhaust Emissions of NH3-CH4-Air Swirl Flames Using a Reduced-Scale Burner at Atmospheric Pressure." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010231.

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This work presents an experimental study on the influence of the pilot flame characteristics on the flame morphology and exhaust emissions of a turbulent swirling flame. A reduced-scale burner, inspired by that fitted in the AE-T100 micro gas turbine, was employed as the experimental platform to evaluate methane (CH4) and an ammonia-methane fuel blend with an ammonia (NH3) volume fraction of 0.7. The power ratio (PR) between the pilot flame and the main flame and the fuel composition of the pilot flame was investigated. The pilot power ratio was varied from 0 to 20% for both fuel compositions

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9

Scoletta, Edoardo, and Wolfgang Polifke. "Impact of stretch on the flame dynamics of laminar premixed flames." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 1 (2023): 6277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0933.

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Flame transfer functions (FTF) of laminar premixed flames acoustically forced are analytically investigated and modelled. The study is based on the linearized G-equation, which is used to kinematically track the flame front. In order to incorporate combustion properties, the laminar consumption speed is considered varying depending on the flame front stretch. Once written in dimensionless form, the G-equation reveals that the FTF depends on 3 dimensionless parameters: a Strouhal number (St2) that accounts for the convective time of the flow perturbation along the flame-front, the flame aspect-

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10

Djordjevic, Neda, Peter Habisreuther, and Nikolaos Zarzalis. "Flame Stabilization and Emissions of a Natural Gas/Air Ceramic Porous Burner." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.105.

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Increasingly stringent regulations for limiting pollutant emissions for both aircraft and industrial gas turbines enforce further reduction of NOx emissions while maintaining flame stability. Application of premixed flames offers the possibility to reduce these emissions, but nevertheless it is strongly connected with flame instability risks. A possible solution to ensure the stability of premixed flames is to provide enhanced heat recirculation employing porous inert material. Experimental determination of flame stability and emissions of a porous burner containing a reticulate ceramic sponge

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11

Martin, Jan, Michael Börner, Justin Hardi, Dmitry Suslov, and Michael Oschwald. "Experimental Investigation of Flame Anchoring Behavior in a LOX/LNG Rocket Combustor." Aerospace 10, no. 6 (2023): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060542.

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Hot fire tests of a multi-injector research combustor were performed with liquid-oxygen and liquefied-natural-gas (LOX/LNG) propellants at chamber pressures from 30 up to 67 bar, hence at conditions similar to an upper stage rocket engine. Within these tests shear coaxial injectors were tested with and without a recessed LOX post. In both configurations, operating conditions with flames anchored at the LOX post tip and thus, if available, pre-combustion in the recess volume as well as lifted flames were observed. Flame anchoring was indirectly detected via acoustic measurements, using mean spe

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12

Dias, David M., Pedro R. Resende, and Alexandre M. Afonso. "A Review on Micro-Combustion Flame Dynamics and Micro-Propulsion Systems." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061327.

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This work presents a state-of-the-art review of micro-combustion flame dynamics and micro propulsion systems. In the initial section, we focus in on the different challenges of micro-combustion, investigating the typical length and time scales involved in micro-combustion and some critical phenomena such as flammability limits and the quenching diameter.We present an extensive collection of studies on the principal types of micro-flame dynamics, including flashback, blow-off, steady versus non-steady flames, mild combustion, stable flames, flames with repetitive extinction, and ignition and pu

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13

Johnston, J. M., M. J. Wooster, and T. J. Lynham. "Experimental confirmation of the MWIR and LWIR grey body assumption for vegetation fire flame emissivity." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 4 (2014): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12197.

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The temperature and emissivity of forest fire flames play a key role in understanding fire behaviour, modelling fire spread and calculating fire parameters by means of active fire thermal remote sensing. Essential to many of these is the often-made assumption that vegetation fire flames behave as grey bodies in the infrared (IR). Although the emissivity of flames and its relationship to flame depth has been measured experimentally using thermal imagers working in the long-wave IR (LWIR, 8–12µm), no published study has yet demonstrated relationships in the important mid-wave IR (MWIR, 3–5µm) sp

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14

Sheykhbaglou, Soroush, and Seyed Mostafa Robati. "Comparative Study on Combustion and Flame Characteristics of Laminar Methane/Air and N-Butane/Air Flames in a Micro-Slot Burner." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (November 15, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1821147.

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Combustion and flame characteristics of laminar methane/air and n-butane/air flames in a 3D-printed micro-slot burner is compared and reported in this study. The stability limit, flame appearance, and emission performance are investigated experimentally. In addition, past research on conventional burners is compared with the results of this study throughout the paper. The construction of this micro-slot burner was met by selective laser melting (SLM) process. Flame characteristics such as lift-off height, length, visible area, maximum width, and neck width are obtained using an image processin

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15

NICHOLS, JOSEPH W., and PETER J. SCHMID. "The effect of a lifted flame on the stability of round fuel jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 609 (July 31, 2008): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008002528.

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The stability and dynamics of an axisymmetric lifted flame are studied by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis of the reacting low-Mach-number equations. For light fuels (such as non-premixed methane/air flames), the non-reacting premixing zone upstream of the lifted flame base contains a pocket of absolute instability supporting self-sustaining oscillations, causing flame flicker even in the absence of gravity. The liftoff heights of the unsteady flames are lower than their steady counterparts (obtained by the method of selective frequency damping (SFD)), o

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16

Yang, Yang, Xiao Liu, and Zhihao Zhang. "Analysis of V-Gutter Reacting Flow Dynamics Using Proper Orthogonal and Dynamic Mode Decompositions." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184886.

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The current work is focused on investigating the potential of data-driven post-processing techniques, including proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for flame dynamics. Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a V-gutter premixed flame was performed with two Reynolds numbers. The flame transfer function (FTF) was calculated. The POD and DMD were used for the analysis of the flame structures, wake shedding frequency, etc. The results acquired by different methods were also compared. The FTF results indicate that the flames have proportional, inertial, and delay compo

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17

Krupa, R. J., T. F. Culbreth, B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner. "A Flashback-Resistant Burner for Combustion Diagnostics and Analytical Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 6 (1986): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508232.

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A general utility burner for the production of laminar, homogenous diffusion flames, which is immune to flashbacks, is presented. Because the fuel and oxidant mix on the surface of the burner rather than within the spray chamber, the flames cannot flashback. A wide variety of gas mixtures has been investigated, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide as the oxidants. Any combination of fuel and oxidant can be safely burned to produced a stable, laminar, and audibly quiet flame. Flame temperatures can be varied over a wide range either by changing the fuel-oxidant ratio or by diluting

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18

Sudarman, Achmad Fauzan Hery Soegiharto, Adi Suyanto, Mohamad Irkham Mamungkas, and Evita Leninda Fahriza Ayuni. "The Influence of Heat Recirculation Segment of Meso-Scale Combustor o Gas and Liquid Fuel Inside Microscale Combustor." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 104, no. 1 (2023): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.104.1.141151.

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This study aims to determine the effect of heat recirculation segments configuration on the stability of the flame. Mesoscale combustor used is made from duralumin-quart glass tube, and Ø 3.5 mm diameter combustion chamber. The heat recirculation segments part is made of duralumin as a segment of evaporation and air-fuel mixing. Combustor A has heat recirculation segments length of 7 mm, while combustor B has a heat recirculation segments length of 10 mm. The fuel used is liquid hexane and butane gas fuel. The results showed, the stability of hexane flame in combustor A between the equivalent

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19

MATALON, MOSHE, and PHILIPPE METZENER. "The propagation of premixed flames in closed tubes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 336 (April 10, 1997): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096004843.

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A nonlinear evolution equation that describes the propagation of a premixed flame in a closed tube has been derived from the general conservation equations. What distinguishes it from other similar equations is a memory term whose origin is in the vorticity production at the flame front. The two important parameters in this equation are the tube's aspect ratio and the Markstein parameter. A linear stability analysis indicates that when the Markstein parameter α is above a critical value αc the planar flame is the stable equilibrium solution. For α below αc the planar flame is no longer stable

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20

Adiwidodo, Satworo, I. N. G. Wardana, Lilis Yuliati, and Mega Nur Sasongko. "Flame Stability Measurement on Rectangular Slot Meso-Scale Combustor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 836 (June 2016): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.836.271.

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The biggest problem of combustion in the micro-scale or meso-scale combustor is heat loss. Heat loss led to a difficult of stable flame. This research aims to elucidate the flame stabilization and flammability limit of LPG-oxygen premixed flame, temperature distribution and flame visualization. Flame stabilization and flammability limit map are shows in φ - U plane. The result shows that there are six regions in the map that is stable without noise, stable with noise, transition zone, dead zone, pseudo stable, and blow off. Measurement parameters are LPG-oxygen flow velocity at various equival

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21

Chung, Joseph D., Xiao Zhang, Carolyn R. Kaplan, and Elaine S. Oran. "The structure of the blue whirl revealed." Science Advances 6, no. 33 (2020): eaba0827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0827.

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The blue whirl is a small, stable, spinning blue flame that evolved spontaneously in recent laboratory experiments while studying turbulent, sooty fire whirls. It burns a range of different liquid hydrocarbon fuels cleanly with no soot production, presenting a previously unknown potential way for low-emission combustion. Here, we use numerical simulations to present the flame and flow structure of the blue whirl. These simulations show that the blue whirl is composed of three different flames—a diffusion flame and premixed rich and lean flames—all of which meet in a fourth structure, a triple

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22

Lv, Liang, Jianguo Tan, and Yue Hu. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Computed Tomography of Chemiluminescence for Hydrogen-Air Premixed Laminar Flames." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6938145.

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Computed tomography of chemiluminescence (CTC) is a promising technique for combustion diagnostics, providing instantaneous 3D information of flame structures, especially in harsh circumstance. This work focuses on assessing the feasibility of CTC and investigating structures of hydrogen-air premixed laminar flames using CTC. A numerical phantom study was performed to assess the accuracy of the reconstruction algorithm. A well-designed burner was used to generate stable hydrogen-air premixed laminar flames. TheOH⁎chemiluminescence intensity field reconstructed from 37 views using CTC was compa

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23

Munteanu, Nelu, and Shokri M. Amzaini. "Prediction of Pollutant Emissions from Bluff-Body Stabilised Nonpremixed Flames." Journal of Combustion 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8924370.

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Construction of a stable flame is one of the critical design requirements in developing practical combustion systems. Flames stabilised by a bluff-body are extensively used in certain types of combustors. The design promotes mixing of cold reactants and hot products on the flame surface to improve the flame stability. In this study, bluff-body stabilised methane-hydrogen flames are computed using the steady laminar flamelet combustion method in conjunction with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. These flames are known as Sandia jet flames and have different jet mean velocitie

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24

Lu, Zhanbin, and Moshe Matalon. "Anchored and Lifted Diffusion Flames Supported by Symmetric and Asymmetric Edge Flames." Symmetry 15, no. 8 (2023): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15081547.

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Numerous combustion applications are concerned with the stabilization of diffusion flames formed by injecting gaseous fuels into a co-flowing stream containing an oxidizer. The smooth operation of these devices depends on the attachment and lift-off characteristics of the edge flame at the base of the diffusion flame. In this paper, we address fundamental issues pertinent to the structure and dynamics of edge flames, which have attributes of both premixed and diffusion flames. The adopted configuration is the mixing layer established in the wake of a splitter plate where two streams, one conta

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25

Palies, Paul, Milos Ilak, and Robert Cheng. "Transient and limit cycle combustion dynamics analysis of turbulent premixed swirling flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 830 (October 5, 2017): 681–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.575.

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Premixed low swirling flames (methane–air and hydrogen–methane–air) are experimentally investigated for three different regimes. Stable, local transient to instability and limit cycle regimes corresponding to three distinct equivalence ratios are considered. Dynamic mode decomposition is applied to the hydrogen–air–methane flame to retrieve the modes frequencies, growth rates and spatial distributions for each regime. The results indicate that a vortical wave propagating along the flame front is associated with the transition from stability to instability. In addition, it is shown that a key e

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26

Su, Ziyi, Wenquan Yang, and Jianlong Wan. "Ultra-lean dynamics of holder-stabilized hydrogen-enriched flames in a preheated mesoscale combustor near the laminar critical limit." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 10 (2022): 107117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111041.

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This work experimentally investigates the ultra-lean dynamics of a 40% H2–60% CH4 flame near the laminar critical limit in a preheated mesoscale combustor with a flame holder. These experiments are conducted to verify a conjecture we proposed in a previous publication and reveal the ultra-lean flame dynamics under the synergistic effects of heat and flow recirculation. Notably, not only is our conjecture confirmed, but also some novel flame behaviors are found. As the equivalence ratio ϕ is decreased from 0.500 to 0.320, the conventional stable flame, stable residual flame, periodic residual f

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27

Wirawan, I. K. G., I. N. G. Wardana, Rudy Soenoko, and Slamet Wahyudi. "Premixed Combustion of Coconut Oil on Perforated Burner." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 3 (2013): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.3.133-139.

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Coconut oil premixed combustion behavior has been studied experimentally on perforated burner with equivalence ratio (φ) varied from very lean until very rich. The results showed that burning of glycerol needs large number of air so that the laminar burning velocity (SL) is the highest at very lean mixture and the flame is in the form of individual Bunsen flame on each of the perforated plate hole. As φ is increased the SL decreases and the secondary Bunsen flame with open tip occurs from φ =0.54 at the downstream of perforated flame. The perforated flame disappears at φ = 0.66 while the secon

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28

Röpke, F. K., and W. Hillebrandt. "On the Stability of Thermonuclear Burning Fronts in Type Ia Supernovae." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 192 (2005): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100009386.

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SummaryThe propagation of cellularly stabilized thermonuclear flames is investigated by means of numerical simulations. In Type Ia supernova explosions the corresponding burning regime establishes at scales below the Gibson length. The cellular flame stabilization - which is a result of an interplay between the Landau-Darrieus instability and a nonlinear stabilization mechanism - is studied for the case of propagation into quiescent fuel as well as interaction with vortical fuel flows. Our simulations indicate that in thermonuclear supernova explosions stable cellular flames develop around the

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29

Li, S. C., N. Ilincic, and F. A. Williams. "Reduction of NOx Formation by Water Sprays in Strained Two-Stage Flames." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (1997): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817062.

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Staged combustion can be employed to reduce the formation of CO and NOx, stabilize the flame, decrease the flame temperature, and create better working conditions in gas turbine combustors. To help understand influences of partial premixing and addition of water on NOx formation, we study two-stage flames in a counterflow spray burner. This paper reports experimental and theoretical results concerning two-stage combustion in which one feed stream is composed of a fuel-rich mixture of methane and air and the other is air. Water sprays are added to the air stream. This two-phase laminar counterf

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Abdul Gani, Zeenathul, and N. Muthu Saravanan. "Computational analysis on the stability and characteristics of partially premixed butane air open flames in tubular burner." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210712320a.

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Partially premixed combustion is one of the developing areas of combustion research that has the advantages of both premixed and diffusion mode of combustion. The present work involves a computational study on the stability and characteristics of partially premixed butane-air flames. The effect of operating parameters like fuel-air ratio, primary aeration, and the presence of co-flow and co-swirl on the stability and flame characteristics has been studied. The simulation results show that the height of the flame decreases with an increase in primary aeration and also in the presence of a co-sw

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31

Kazancı, Orhan Veli, and Yakup Erhan Böke. "Validation of Bluff-body Swirling Flame with RANS Turbulent Model and Comparison of the Results with LES Turbulent Model." International Journal of Thermodynamics 27, no. 2 (2024): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1380710.

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The energy required for technological advancement is primarily derived from hydrocarbon combustion, which is a key topic in thermodynamics. The stability of the flame in hydrocarbon combustion is a critical parameter that impacts both burner design and combustion efficiency. Various methods have been employed in the literature to achieve a stable flame, with swirl flow being one technique that enhances combustion performance in engineering applications. This study focuses on the numerical analysis of the SM1 flame from Sydney swirl flames. Initially, the flow incorporating the two-equation Re-

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Lu, Xiaoyi, and Carlos Pantano. "Linear stability analysis of a premixed flame with transverse shear." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 765 (January 19, 2015): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.728.

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AbstractOne-dimensional planar premixed flames propagating in a uniform flow are susceptible to hydrodynamic instabilities known (generically) as Darrieus–Landau instabilities. Here, we extend that hydrodynamic linear stability analysis to include a lateral shear. This generalization is a situation of interest for laminar and turbulent flames when they travel into a region of shear (such as a jet or shear layer). It is shown that the problem can be formulated and solved analytically and a dispersion relation can be determined. The solution depends on a shear parameter in addition to the wavenu

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33

Yakovenko, Ivan, Alexey Kiverin, and Ksenia Melnikova. "Ultra-Lean Gaseous Flames in Terrestrial Gravity Conditions." Fluids 6, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6010021.

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Development of the combustion process in the gaseous mixtures of near-limit composition is of great interest for fundamental aspects of combustion theory and fire-safety applications. The dynamics of ultra-lean gaseous flames in near-limit mixtures is governed by many effects, such as buoyancy, preferential diffusion, radiation, and instability development. Though ultra-lean combustion was extensively studied in microgravity conditions, the influence of gravity on the ultra-lean flame structure and stability is still poorly understood. The paper is devoted to deepening the knowledge of ultra-l

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34

Harinaldi, Harinaldi, and Maymuchar Maymuchar. "Flame Stability And Fuel Efficiency Of Gas Diffusion Flame On The Backward Facing Step." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 32, no. 1 (2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.32.1.835.

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Propane and butane injection into the recirculation zone in the fuel area with backward-facing step has a significant effect to the diffusion flame with the characteristic stability which depends on the velocity of the free air stream, the injection position from the step and the injection position to step height ratio. The test result shows that there are two main stable diffusion flames: a stabilized flame in the recirculation zone and a stabilized flame in the shear layer region. There is a decrease of the fuel efficiency due to the effect of the greater ratio of the injection position to t

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35

CRETA, F., and M. MATALON. "Propagation of wrinkled turbulent flames in the context of hydrodynamic theory." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 680 (June 1, 2011): 225–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.157.

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We study the propagation of premixed flames in two-dimensional homogeneous isotropic turbulence using a Navier–Stokes/front-capturing methodology within the context of hydrodynamic theory. The flame is treated as a thin layer separating burnt and unburnt gases, of vanishingly small thickness, smaller than the smallest fluid scales. The method is thus suitable to investigate the flame propagation in the wrinkled flamelet regime of turbulent combustion. A flow-control system regulates the mean position of the flame and the incident turbulence intensity. In this context we study the individual ef

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Gollahalli, S. R., A. Prasad, and S. Gundavelli. "Lift-Off Characteristics and Flame Base Structure of Coal Seeded Gas Jet Flames." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 210, no. 5 (1996): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_061_02.

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An experimental study of the burner rim stability characteristics and the flame base structure of flames co-fired with pulverized coal and propane gas is presented. Lift-off and reattachment characteristics are examined as functions of propane concentration in the jet stream for lignite, bituminous and anthracite coals. The effects on flame base structure are studied in terms of temperature, product species concentration and radiation profiles. The addition of lignite and anthracite coals favours the lift-off transitions. Bituminous coal, on the other hand, makes the flame more stable. The pea

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Gupta, A. K., S. Bolz, and T. Hasegawa. "Effect of Air Preheat Temperature and Oxygen Concentration on Flame Structure and Emission." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 121, no. 3 (1999): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795984.

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The structure of turbulent diffusion flames with highly preheated combustion air (air preheat temperature in excess of 1150°C) has been obtained using a specially designed regenerative combustion furnace. Propane gas was used as the fuel. Data have been obtained on the global flame features, spectral emission characteristics, spatial distribution of OH, CH, and C2 species, and pollutant emission from the flames. The results have been obtained for various degrees of air preheat temperatures and O2 concentration in the air. The color of the flame was found to change from yellow to blue to bluish

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BERGTHORSON, JEFFREY M., SEAN D. SALUSBURY, and PAUL E. DIMOTAKIS. "Experiments and modelling of premixed laminar stagnation flame hydrodynamics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 681 (June 23, 2011): 340–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.203.

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The hydrodynamics of a reacting impinging laminar jet, or stagnation flame, is studied experimentally and modelled using large activation energy asymptotic models and numerical simulations. The jet-wall geometry yields a stable, steady flame and allows for precise measurement and specification of all boundary conditions on the flow. Laser diagnostic techniques are used to measure velocity and CH radical profiles. The axial velocity profile through a premixed stagnation flame is found to be independent of the nozzle-to-wall separation distance at a fixed nozzle pressure drop, in accord with res

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Kutkut, Almoutazbellah, Mohsen Ayoobi, Marc E. Baumgardner, and V’yacheslav Akkerman. "Investigating the Ignition and Stability Limits of Premixed Methane/Air Combustion in Micro-Channels." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186752.

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Understanding and improving the performance of miniature devices powered by micro-combustion have been the focus of continued attention of researchers recently. The goal of the present work is to investigate the behavior of premixed methane–air combustion in a quartz microreactor with an externally controlled wall temperature. Specifically, the impacts of the flow inlet velocity, the equivalence ratio, and the microreactor channel size are examined. This study is conducted by means of computational simulations, and the results are validated against prior experimental data, as well as by other

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Leite, Caio Ramalho, Pierre Brequigny, Jacques Borée, and Fabrice Foucher. "Comparative Analysis Of Cycle-To-Cycle Variabilities And Combustion Development In An Optical Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled By Pure Hydrogen And Propane: Insights From Chemiluminescence and PI." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 21 (July 8, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.122.

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Hydrogen, derived from renewable sources and devoid of carbon emissions, is a pivotal energy carrier for the future. Representing a viable substitute for fossil fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs), contemporary studies advocate using very-lean and ultra-lean hydrogen-air mixtures, with a fuel-air equivalence ratio below 0.5, as a potent strategy to reduce NOx emissions in hydrogen-fueled ICEs. An experimental setup with an optical spark-ignition engine was devised to investigate the primary factors influencing cycle-to-cycle variations in H2ICEs by optimizing mixture homogeneity and fo

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Hicks, E. P. "A shear instability mechanism for the pulsations of Rayleigh–Taylor unstable model flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 748 (May 6, 2014): 618–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.198.

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AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the behaviour of Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) unstable flames depends on the boundary conditions. If the boundary conditions at the domain walls are impermeable/adiabatic or reflecting then the flame assumes a stable parabolic shape. On the other hand, periodic boundary conditions can produce unstable pulsating solutions. In this paper, we explore why periodic boundary conditions allow unstable solutions by showing the results of two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of model flames. We show that RT unstable premixed model flames pulsate at low gravity b

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Winarko, W. A., N. Ilminnafik, M. N. Kustanto, and D. Perdana. "Karaktersitik pembakaran droplet minyak nabati Indonesia." Dinamika Teknik Mesin 12, no. 2 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v12i2.540.

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Research has been carried out on the combustion characteristics of Indonesian vegetable oil droplets. Currently, Indonesia is still developing CPO as a source of renewable fuel to replace diesel. The problem is, CPO is used as a food source so that it will affect food scarcity. Vegetable oils used in this study include CCPO, CJO, CCO and CCIO. The volume of the droplets tested was 1.25-1.31 ml and the drops were placed on a 0.1 mm type K thermocouple. The flame characteristics of the droplets tested included flame stability, ignition delay time, and temperature and flame height. The results sh

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Saputro, Herman, Heri Juwantono, Husin Bugis, et al. "Numerical simulation of flame stabilization in meso-scale vortex combustion." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819708005.

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A meso-scale vortex combustor has been designed in order to common flame quenching problems in meso/micro scale burning. Numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Ansys Release 19.0 Academic program was performed to determine a stable combustion flame. Combustor chamber made from two steps, first step diameter 6 mm with 4 mm depth, second step diameter size 8mm with 5 mm depth. This simulation used mixture of propane fuel-air. The fuel is fed through two channels of fuel inlet with 2 mm diameter. The variable of fuel flow rate was investigated in order to get the boundary o

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Denev, J. A., I. Naydenova, and H. Bockhorn. "Quantification of the Local Heat Release Rate During Flame-Vortex Interactions at Different Lewis Numbers and Equivalence Ratios." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 16, no. 2-3 (2014): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj183.

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<p>The present work aims at the detailed understanding of the local processes in premixed combustion of hydrogen, methane and propane flames at unsteady conditions. The methodology consists of the analysis of simulations of two-dimensional flame-vortex interactions as well as statistical data obtained from threedimensional Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of the flame front interacting with a set of vortexes. Special attention is given to the relationship between the Lewis number (<em>Le</em>) of the fuel and the flame front stretch in terms of both curvature and strain rat

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Rosidin, Mochammad Khoirul, Dony Perdana, Khoirul Anam As Syukri, Firnanda Sumanjaya Putra, and Muhamad Hanifudin. "Flame Characteristic Of Premix Combustion Of Jatropha Curcas Oil And Cotton Seed The Addition Of Various Magnetic Field Directions." Jurnal Polimesin 22, no. 1 (2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v22i1.4538.

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This study investigates an effects of various magnetic fieldsdirection on flames characteristic of premix combustions. Research is important as a reserve a fossil fuel using environmental friendly vegetable oil.Jatrophacurcas oil is mixed with cotton seeds (50% blend) as fuel.Experimentare carried out on cylindrical type burner. Vegetable oils were loaded on boiler, then heated on LPG stoves, while air was obtained from the compressor. Grade N52 nickel neodymium magnets atintensitymagnetic fieldsof 1.1 T were used in this study. The combustion characteristics are identified from the flame imag

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Ding, Chao, Shuangyang Ma, Zijian Yan, et al. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Sub-Flash Point Fuel Temperature on the Spread Characteristics of Spill Fire." Fire 6, no. 8 (2023): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6080284.

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The spill fires caused by liquid fuel leaks greatly threaten the safety of fuel transportation and storage. In this work, the effect of fuel temperature on the spread characteristics of flowing flames was investigated through n-butanol spilling fire experiments. The spill fire spread can be divided into three stages at different temperatures and leakage rates (I) full spread, (II) gradually extinguished spread, and (III) unable to spread. The oscillation of the flame is related to the fuel thickness and the discharge rate. As the discharge rate or temperature increases, the spread mode changes

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Assier, Raphaël C., and Xuesong Wu. "Linear and weakly nonlinear instability of a premixed curved flame under the influence of its spontaneous acoustic field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 758 (October 7, 2014): 180–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.525.

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AbstractThe stability of premixed flames in a duct is investigated using an asymptotic formulation, which is derived from first principles and based on high-activation-energy and low-Mach-number assumptions (Wu et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 497, 2003, pp. 23–53). The present approach takes into account the dynamic coupling between the flame and its spontaneous acoustic field, as well as the interactions between the hydrodynamic field and the flame. The focus is on the fundamental mechanisms of combustion instability. To this end, a linear stability analysis of some steady curved flames is under

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Lückoff, Finn, and Kilian Oberleithner. "Excitation of the precessing vortex core by active flow control to suppress thermoacoustic instabilities in swirl flames." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 11 (January 2019): 175682771985623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827719856237.

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In this study, we apply periodic flow excitation of the precessing vortex core at the centerbody of a swirl-stabilized combustor to investigate the impact of the precessing vortex core on flame shape, flame dynamics, and especially thermoacoustic instabilities. The current control scheme is based on results from linear stability theory that determine the precessing vortex core as a global hydrodynamic instability with its maximum receptivity to open-loop actuation located near the center of the combustor inlet. The control concept is first validated at isothermal conditions. This is of utmost

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Tamang, Sajan, and Heesung Park. "Numerical investigation on the dry low NOx of hydrogen combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2968, no. 1 (2025): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2968/1/012009.

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Abstract Globally, energy is predominantly generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. However, the emissions from these fuels severely impact the ecological balance and environment. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on clean and renewable energy sources as alternatives. Hydrogen is a promising and clean energy source for gas turbines, transportation, and industrial applications. Nevertheless, due to significant differences in hydrogen’s thermophysical properties, it cannot be directly integrated into conventional combustion systems. Therefore, a specialized micromix combustion mo

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Emerson, Benjamin, Jacqueline O’Connor, Matthew Juniper, and Tim Lieuwen. "Density ratio effects on reacting bluff-body flow field characteristics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 706 (July 11, 2012): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.248.

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AbstractThe wake characteristics of bluff-body-stabilized flames are a strong function of the density ratio across the flame and the relative offset between the flame and shear layer. This paper describes systematic experimental measurements and stability calculations of the dependence of the flow field characteristics and flame sheet dynamics upon flame density ratio,${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $, over the Reynolds number range of 1000–3300. We show that two fundamentally different flame/flow behaviours are observed at high and low${\rho }_{u} / {\rho }_{b} $values: a stable, noise-driven fixe

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