Academic literature on the topic 'Stack PEMFC'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Stack PEMFC.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Stack PEMFC"
1
Dudek, Magdalena, Bartłomiej Lis, Andrzej Raźniak, Mariusz Krauz, and Michał Kawalec. "Selected Aspects of Designing Modular PEMFC Stacks as Power Sources for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020675.
Full textAbstract:
Two types of air-cooled modular polymer membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stacks with full equipment were constructed and investigated as components of hybrid power sources. The first, a 2-kW PEMFC stack, was assembled from two 1-kW PEMFC modules electrically connected in parallel and compared with a commercial PEMFC stack built from one 2-kW PEMFC module. The second, a 500-W PEMFC stack, was assembled with three modules connected in parallel. It was found that the two-module PEMFC stack was capable of operation with nominal power of 2 kW. Analysis of the distribution of the air cooling system in both modules was also conducted. The two-module PEMFC stack reduced hydrogen consumption compared to the reference 2-kW PEMFC stack consisting of only one module. The elaborated two-module PEMFC stack was successfully tested in a propulsion system designed to supply an electrical engine with a propeller. The electrical performance of the three-module PEMFC stack was tested separately as well as in a hybrid system in connection with a 5 s Li-Pol battery. It was found that the elaborated PEMFC stack was capable of operation with nominal power of 500 W and variable rapid dynamic electrical loads. It was also successfully tested as a power source to supply servomechanisms and other auxiliary devices.
2
Zhang, Hao, Dai Jun Yang, Bing Li, Fei Jie Wang, and Jian Xin Ma. "The Design and Development of a PEMFC Testing System." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1484.
Full textAbstract:
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered a promising energy generation device. Testing is critical for evaluating the performance and durability of PEMFC stacks. In this paper, a PEMFC testing system was designed and developed, which consisted of hydrogen fueling subsystem, air supplying subsystem, cooling subsystem, and control subsystem. The operation conditions were optimized through a series of experiments. Test was taken with a 47-cell PEMFC stack, and the system efficiency reached 44% when the stack output power was 4.2kW.
3
Maekawa, Akira, and Tsutomu Aoki. "PEMFC Stack Field Experiences." ECS Transactions 1, no. 8 (December 21, 2019): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2214571.
Full text
4
Dudek, Magdalena, Andrzej Raźniak, Maciej Rosół, Tomasz Siwek, and Piotr Dudek. "Design, Development, and Performance of a 10 kW Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack as Part of a Hybrid Power Source Designed to Supply a Motor Glider." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174393.
Full textAbstract:
A 10 kW PEMFC (polymer exchange membrane fuel cell) stack consisting of two 5 kW modules, (A) and (B), connected in series with a multi-function controller unit was constructed and tested. The electrical performance of the V-shaped PEMFC stack was investigated under constant and variable electrical load. It was found that the PEMFC stack was capable of supplying the required 10 kW of electrical power. An optimised purification process via ‘purge’ or humidification, implemented by means of a short-circuit unit (SCU) control strategy, enabled slightly improved performance. Online monitoring of the utilisation of the hydrogen system was developed and tested during the operation of the stack, especially under variable electrical load. The air-cooling subsystem consisting of a common channel connecting two 5 kW PEMFC modules and two cascade axial fans was designed, manufactured using 3D printing technology, and tested with respect to the electrical performance of the device. The dependence of total partial-pressure drop vs. ratio of air volumetric flow for the integrated PEMFC stack with cooling devices was also determined. An algorithm of stack operation involving thermal, humidity, and energy management was elaborated. The safety operation and fault diagnosis of the PEMFC stack was also tested.
5
Pei, Feng Lai, Zhuang Yun Li, and Su Zhou. "A Study on PEMFC Faults Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.770.
Full textAbstract:
The study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) faults mechanism and diagnosis can afford theoretical and technical supports for the future mass production and applications of PEMFC stacks and systems, which need modularization and high reliability. Most of the existing fault diagnosis methodologies, such as Cell Voltage Monitoring (CVM) method, require the knowledge of numerous parameters which may lead to a special inner parameter monitoring setup. The corresponding devices increase the cost and are not suitable for stack modularization and system application. In this paper, a simple and low-cost PEMFC faults diagnosis method using discrete wavelet transform is described. The method only uses the stack information for signal feature extraction. After that, by faults identification and classification, several typical faults including temperature fault, inlet flow inefficiently supplying fault and membrane dehydration fault have been distinguished. A semi-empirical distributed parameter stack model is employed for simulating typical faults that may occur. The simulation results demonstrate that the application of wavelet theory to PEMFC diagnosis is feasible, reliable and promising.
6
Chiang, Hsiu Lu, Teng Lang Feng, Ay Su, and Zhen Ming Huang. "Performance Analysis of an Open-Cathode PEM Fuel Cell Stack." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.630.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogen is known to be an ideal fuel that provides zero-emission energy. Fuel cells have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for fuel-efficient and emission-free vehicle power generation. PEMFC stacks require liquid cooling which can be operated in an open-cathode mode with air supplied by one or several fans, thus reducing the overall complexity of the PEMFC system. In this study, an open cathode PEMFC is used as the dependable power source and experiments are carried out to investigate the temperature characteristic of open cathode PEMFC. Combined with the using of oxidant and cell stack cooling, the optimal air fan supply voltage is 9.0V, and the maximal power can be obtained is 355W.
7
Dhathathreyan, K. S., N. Rajalakshmi, K. Jayakumar, and S. Pandian. "Forced Air-Breathing PEMFC Stacks." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/216494.
Full textAbstract:
Air-breathing fuel cells have a great potential as power sources for various electronic devices. They differ from conventional fuel cells in which the cells take up oxygen from ambient air by active or passive methods. The air flow occurs through the channels due to concentration and temperature gradient between the cell and the ambient conditions. However developing a stack is very difficult as the individual cell performance may not be uniform. In order to make such a system more realistic, an open-cathode forced air-breathing stacks were developed by making appropriate channel dimensions for the air flow for uniform performance in a stack. At CFCT-ARCI (Centre for Fuel Cell Technology-ARC International) we have developed forced air-breathing fuel cell stacks with varying capacity ranging from 50 watts to 1500 watts. The performance of the stack was analysed based on the air flow, humidity, stability, and so forth, The major advantage of the system is the reduced number of bipolar plates and thereby reduction in volume and weight. However, the thermal management is a challenge due to the non-availability of sufficient air flow to remove the heat from the system during continuous operation. These results will be discussed in this paper.
8
Bvumbe, Tatenda J., Piotr Bujlo, Ivan Tolj, Kobus Mouton, Gerhard Swart, Sivakumar Pasupathi, and Bruno G. Pollet. "Review on management, mechanisms and modelling of thermal processes in PEMFC." Hydrogen and Fuel Cells 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfc-2016-0001.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn an effort to reduce the environmental impact of the energy sector that is mostly based on fossil fuels, researchers are looking for a clean alternative of our existing energy sources. Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells, and in particular Polymer ElectrolyteMembrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as a leading candidate for transportation as well as stationary and portable applications. Due to the irreversibility of the electrochemical reactions and ohmic heating in the fuel cell components, the PEMFC produces a significant amount of heat and this heat has to be removed in order to avoid cell or stack overheating. In this paper, a review of the key heat transfer mechanisms and the various cooling strategies that are available for heat removal from PEMFCs are presented. Due to the interrelated nature and difficulty of conducting in-situ thermal measurements on the operating PEMFCs, computational modelling provides a fast and efficient way of designing PEMFC cooling systems and understanding the heat transfer mechanisms. Therefore PEMFC thermal modelling is also highlighted together with present challenges and potential areas for further research and development works.
9
Miftah, Kurniawan, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Edy Herianto Majlan. "Study Effect of Stress in the Electrical Contact Resistance of Bipolar Plate and Membrane Electrode Assembly in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A Review." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.775.
Full textAbstract:
Stress applying in the stack of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) effects the performance of PEMFC. High pressure in the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) can reduce electrical contact resistance between bipolar plate and MEA. Nevertheless, too high pressure in the PEMFC can destroy MEA. Performance of PEMFC can be optimized by make proportional stress in the assembly of PEMFC. Finite element analysis (FEA) is one of method that can be used for analysis of stress in the PEMFC stack. However, setting of parameter in the analysis using FEA still became one of problem if realistic result must be desired. This paper reports setting of parameters in the stress analysis of PEMFC assembly using FEA method and study relationship of stress analysis with electrical contact resistance.
10
Mulyazmi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Edy Herianto Majlan. "Design Models of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.554.
Full textAbstract:
One important aspect to develop fuel cell design is to use the concept of computational models. Mathematical modeling can be used to help research complex, estimates the optimal performance of fuel cells stack, compare several different processes, save costs and time in the investigation. This paper focuses on several reviews of research models to develop the system design of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Purposes of this study are to determine the factors that affect system performance include: stack of PEMFC system, water management system and Supply of reactants to the PEMFC stack.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stack PEMFC"
1
Scott, Paul. "Experimental investigation of a novel design concept of a modular PEMFC stack." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577516.
Full textAbstract:
The research described in this thesis focuses on the technological and operational aspects of low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Stacks. The PEMFC is regarded as an ideal replacement to the internal combustion engine, but is still not an economically attractive prime-mover due to a number of key challenges that have yet to be fully resolved. These challenges include; degradation of cell components resulting in inadequate lifetimes, specialised and costly manufacturing processes and poor gravimetric/volumetric energy densities. The design of a novel modular fuel cell stack is presented which attempts to resolve some of the issues relating to material selection and the manufacturing processes required to produce components of the stack. The bi-polar plate (BPP) is a multifunctional component and is responsible for a considerable proportion of stack weight, size and cost in traditional planar PEMFC stacks. The manufacturing processes associated with BPP are costly and often require specialised machining. The design concept removes the conventional BPP from the stack architecture which improves the volumetric and gravimetric energy density of the stack while considerably reducing the cost of the stack. The new architecture comprises of active and passive zones which have focused on specific functionality originally fulfilled by a planar BPP. Active zones are regions that are in direct contact with the membrane electrode assembly and comprise of components that must have both chemical stability and electrical conductivity. Passive regions are designed for gas distribution and structural rigidity of the stack. The architecture involves a series of integrated chambers that supply a single gaseous stock to two cells simultaneously, which are coupled with external manifolds. Electrical continuity is achieved by utilising mono-polar plates that are connected external to the fuel cell stack. A six cell short stack was designed and assembled and the performance of the stack was experimentally tested. Experimental characterisation of the novel stack produced encouraging results. The stack recorded a maximum electrical output of 232.4W and operated over a wide range of operating conditions, including both steady state and dynamic load sequences. Another design feature is the incorporation of a Fault Tolerant System (FTS) as a result of the electrical connections being made external to the fuel cell stack, thus in the event of a cell failure the cell can be made redundant and the stack continues to operate. The FTS was found to operate as envisaged and continued to produce a steady stack output of 3.6V thereafter under this setting. Inspection of the current collecting plates demonstrated degradation on the TiN coating used, with loss of TiN and surface oxidation seen on the coating surface. The severity of the degradation indicated that the TiN coating technique was not suitable for the application. The estimated cost of the stack based on 10,000,000 item quantities was approximately $10.83, while the total weight of the stack was measured to be 2.26kg, resulting in a gravimetric power density of 101W/kg. Significant further weight and cost savings are planned as part of a continual design process.
2
De, Moor Gilles. "Approche multi-échelle des mécanismes de vieillissement des coeurs de pile à combustible." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI049/document.
Full textAbstract:
Malgré d'importants progrès ces dix dernières années, les piles à combustible de type PEMFC (à membrane échangeuse de protons) souffrent toujours de fin de vie prématurée. Le catalyseur et la membrane, principaux constituants du cœur de la pile, sont les deux éléments principalement mis en cause. Ce travail a pour objectif de comprendre les modes de rupture et de dégradation de la membrane électrolyte durant le fonctionnement. Différents types de vieillissement ont été analysés, à la fois en laboratoire mais également sur des systèmes ayant fonctionné sur site en conditions réelles d'opération (jusqu'à 13000 heures). Au travers une approche multi-échelle (du système macroscopique à l'analyse des propriétés macromoléculaires de la membrane) et d'une utilisation systématique (plusieurs centaines d'échantillons analysés), des scénarios de dégradation ont été établis. Dans un premier temps, des outils de caractérisation macroscopiques ont été spécifiquement développés pour sonder rapidement l'ensemble des cellules d'un stack. Ces outils permettent d'identifier les défauts inter et intra-cellule tout en discriminant les propriétés barrières aux gaz des propriétés d'isolation électronique des membranes, tous deux responsables des courants de fuite en système. Cette approche systématique sur l'ensemble des échantillons a mis en évidence des zones spécifiques favorisant la dégradation prématurée des membranes. Dans un second temps, des caractérisations physico-chimiques ciblées dans ces zones de défaillance ont révélé une dégradation fortement localisée et principalement favorisée par des conditions opératoires spécifiques dans les zones d'entrée des gazIn spite of strong improvements in fuel cell design this last ten years, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell are still suffering of premature end of life. Failure of the heart of fuel cell, composed of membrane and catalysts, is commonly responsible for fuel cell shutdown. This work brings an original contribution in understanding membrane degradation mechanisms. Different ageing tests were analyzed, in laboratory as well as in real life operating conditions (up to 13000 hours of solicitations). Within a multi-scale approach, from macroscopic to microscopic, and with a systematic usage (hundreds of samples fully characterized), some degradation mechanisms were established. Firstly, macroscopic tools were specifically developed to rapidly track state of health of all the cells from each stack. With the help of these tools, we were able to identify defects inter and intra-cell. It was also possible to discriminate between gas crossover or electronic short-circuit defects, both responsible for current leaks. This systematic approach on each samples put forward some specific areas within the membrane where degradation was promoted. Secondly, physico-chemical characterizations were performed on membrane targeted areas. It was shown that membrane degradation is strongly localized in some specific channels of the bipolar plates and favored by specific operating conditions in the gaz inlets areas
3
Edwards, Tyler A. "A Parametric Study of Stack Performance for a 4.8kW PEM Fuel Cell." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275667559.
Full text
4
Frappé, Emmanuel. "Architecture de convertisseur statique tolérante aux pannes pour générateur pile à combustible modulaire de puissance-traction 30kW." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796139.
Full textAbstract:
Dans l'objectif d'une augmentation en puissance des piles à combustible pour satisfaire les besoins énergétiques des applications embarquées, une solution consiste à augmenter la taille des assemblages. Dès lors, des problèmes de disparités fluidique, thermique et électrique peuvent survenir dans le cœur des piles et conduire ainsi à l'apparition de défaut. La pile à combustible, de par sa nature de source électrique basse tension - fort courant, requiert d'être couplée au réseau électrique embarqué par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur statique. Ce dernier peut alors être employé pour agir de façon corrective sur la pile et aussi de corriger les défaillances qui en sont liées. Dans cette perspective, le convertisseur doit avoir en permanence un retour sur l'état de santé de la pile. Pour cela, une méthode de détection et d'identification de défaut de type noyage et d'assèchement pour une pile du type PEMFC a été approfondie. Cette méthode simple, économique en capteurs, se base sur la mesure de 3 tensions de cellule judicieusement sélectionnées et localisées sur la pile. Ainsi, l'utilisation de l'information " spatiale ", qui correspond à la position de la mesure de tension dans la pile permet d'identifier les défauts. Le principe de la détection localisée nous amène alors à considérer le concept de pile segmentée qui consiste à séparer électriquement la pile en 3 parties de façon à ce que des convertisseurs associés puissent agir électriquement sur chaque segment. L'action peut être du type tout ou rien, ou contrôlée. Cette dernière offre davantage de degrés de liberté, et est moins contraignante pour la pile d'un point de vue électrique. Pour choisir comment réaliser cette action, une étude comparative de plusieurs topologies de convertisseur est effectuée. Les structures alimentées en courant répondent au mieux aux contraintes électriques d'une PEMFC et sont donc privilégiées, de même que la nécessité d'une isolation galvanique imposée par la segmentation de la pile. Au final, une topologie de BOOST isolé résonant est apparue comme étant la topologie répondant au mieux à l'ensemble des critères (plage de fonctionnement, performances énergétiques, nombre de composants). L'ensemble convertisseur global intègre ainsi trois structures unitaires qui permettent d'offrir une modularité, une action indépendante sur chaque segment et de garantir une disponibilité du système grâce à un fonctionnement dégradé. Pour cela, la stratégie de commande de l'ensemble convertisseur intègre les informations issues de la méthode de détection. La thèse se termine avec le dimensionnement complet d'un pré-prototype du convertisseur avec le choix des composants actif et passifs, et du système de refroidissement associé.
5
DeLashmutt, Timothy E. "Modeling a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1227224687.
Full text
6
Adiutantov, Nikolai. "Développement d'une instrumentation et méthodologie par l'étude des bruits électrochimiques pour le diagnostic des stacks de pile à combustible de type PEMFC." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2313/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement de la technologie « piles à combustible » nécessite l'utilisation d'outils de diagnostic adéquats notamment pour le monitoring de l'état de santé des systèmes industriels (stacks) dans les conditions réelles de fonctionnement. L'utilisation des moyens traditionnels de diagnostic nécessite l'arrêt ou la perturbation du fonctionnement du système. Le travail de cette thèse vise le développement d'une approche innovante non intrusive pour le diagnostic des stacks PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane), basée sur la mesure des petites fluctuations électriques (bruits électrochimiques). Pour mesurer les bruits, un système d'acquisition des faibles signaux à haute fréquence a été utilisé sans filtrage analogique préalable. Ces mesures ont été dans le cadre du projet ANR « Propice » pour quatre campagnes de mesures avec la collaboration du FCLAB et du CEA LITEN. Les mesures des bruits électrochimiques, sur plusieurs semaines, ont permis de construire une base de données extrêmement riche. Pour traiter ces données, différents approches statistiques dans le domaine temporel, fréquentiel et tempo-fréquentiel ont été utilisés pour la génération de descripteurs fiables et robustes. Il a été démontré que la mesure des bruits permet d'obtenir une riche signature des stacks PEM dans un vaste domaine fréquentiel. Cette signature reflète les différents phénomènes physico-chimiques et est très sensible aux paramètres de fonctionnement du système. L'évolution de cette signature au court de temps peut être utilisée pour le diagnostic in-situ de d'état de santé des stacks commerciaux dans les conditions réelles de fonctionnement et pour le développement des moyens de pronosticFuel cell technology development requires adequate diagnostic tools, in particular for monitoring the state of health of industrial systems (stacks) under operating conditions. Traditional diagnostic tools require to stop or disrupt the system operating. This thesis aims at the development of an innovative and non-intrusive approach for the diagnostic of PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stacks. The methodology is based on the measurement of small electrical fluctuations (electrochemical noise). To measure this noise, a high frequency signal acquisition system was used without prior analog filter. These measurements were obtained within the ANR project « Propice » using four measurement campaigns with the collaboration of FCLAB and CEA LITEN. Electrochemical noise Measurements, over several weeks, made it possible to build a rich database. To process these data, different statistical approaches in time, frequency and tempo-frequency domains have been used for the generation of reliable and robust descriptors. It has been shown that the measurement of noise makes it possible to obtain a rich signature of the PEM stacks in a wide frequency range. This signature reflects the various physico-chemical phenomena and it is very sensitive to the operating parameters of the system. The evolution of this signature in short time analysis can be used for an in-situ diagnostic of the state of health of commercial stacks under real operating conditions and for the development of prognostic strategies
7
von, Unwerth Thomas, and Welf-Guntram Drossel. "FC³ - 1st Fuel Cell Conference Chemnitz 2019 - Saubere Antriebe. Effizient Produziert.: Wissenschaftliche Beiträge und Präsentationen der ersten Brennstoffzellenkonferenz am 26. und 27. November 2019 in Chemnitz." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35720.
Full textAbstract:
Die erste Chemnitzer Brennstoffzellenkonferenz wurde vom Innovationscluster HZwo und dem Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Umformtechnik IWU durchgeführt. Ausgewählte Fachbeiträge und Präsentationen werden in Form eines Tagungsbandes veröffentlicht.The first fuel cell conference was initiated by the innovation cluster HZwo and the Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology. Selected lectures and presentations are published in the conference proceedings.
8
SENNA, ROQUE M. de. "Desenvolvimento e demonstração de funcionamento de um sistema híbrido de geração de energia elétrica, com tecnologia nacional, composto por módulo de células a combustível tipo PEMFC e acumulador chumbo ácido." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10121.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
9
Singh, Hitendra Kumar. "Lifetime Prediction and Durability of Elastomeric Seals for Fuel Cell Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27658.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) stacks require elastomeric gaskets for each cell to keep the reactant gases within their respective regions[1]. If any gasket degrades or fails, the reactant gases can leak or mix with each other directly during operation or standby, affecting the overall operation and performance of the FC. The elastomeric gaskets used as FC seals are exposed to a range of environmental conditions, and concurrently, subjected to mechanical compression between the bipolar plates forming the cell. The combination of mechanical stress and environmental exposure may result in degradation of the seal material[2] over a period of time. In order to address the durability and make reliability predictions, the long-term stability of the gaskets in FC assemblies is critical. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of elastomeric seals in a simulated FC environment in the presence of mechanical stresses. The overall scope of the study includes mechanical and viscoelastic properties characterization, and lifetime durability predictions based on an accelerated characterization approach.
With the help of finite element analysis software, ABAQUS, a fixture was designed to perform strain-based accelerated characterization of seal material in air, deionized (DI) water, 50v/50v ethylene glycol/water solution, and 0.1M sulfuric acid solution. Dogbone samples were strained to different levels in the custom fixture and submerged in liquid solutions at 90°C and in air at 90°C and 120°C. It was observed that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, strain to break, 100% modulus, crosslink density, and tensile set degrade due to aging and the extent of change (increase or decrease) depends significantly on the strain level on the specimen.
Trouser tear tests were conducted on reinforced specimens in air and deionized water (DI) to evaluate the tear resistance of an elastomeric seal material intended for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Plots relating the crack growth rate with tearing energy were obtained at various temperatures and provided significant insight into the rate and temperature dependence of the tearing strength of the seal material. Stick-slip crack propagation was observed at all temperatures and loading rates, although the behavior was suppressed significantly at low loading rates and high temperatures. Crack growth rate versus tearing energy data at different temperatures was shifted to construct a master curve and an estimate on the threshold value of tear energy was obtained which may be helpful in designing components where material tear is of concern. Strain energy release rate (SERR) value, calculated using the J-integral approach for a pre-existing crack in ABAQUS, was used to estimate the crack growth rate in a given seal cross-section to predict lifetime.
In order to assess the viscoelastic behavior and to investigate the long term stress relaxation behavior of the seal material, compression stress relaxation (CSR) tests were performed on molded seals, called as SMORS, over a range of environmental conditions using a custom-designed fixture. The effect of temperature and environment was evident on material property changes and presented in terms of momentary properties and stress relaxation behavior. Various mechanisms involved in material degradation, chain scission and crosslinking, were suggested and insights were gained into how cure state and level of antidegradants in a material dictate the material behavior during the first phase of environmental exposure leading to change in material properties. Ring samples made of silicone were also tested using the fixture to obtain insight additional into material degradation due to aging. Results presented from testing on SMORS showed a lot more variation in data as compared to neat silicone rings due to the complexity involved in making SMORS.
For understanding the deformation behavior of an elastomeric seal and its sealing performance, finite element characterization of seal cross-section was carried out on O-ring and SMORS cross-section. The effect of a seal's layout on distribution and magnitude of contact stresses and contact width was investigated for the O-ring and the information obtained thereby helped to analyze a complex assembly such as SMORS, where several interfaces and boundary conditions are involved. Stress/strain profiles were generated to visualize their concentration and distribution in the seal cross-section. Frictionless and rough interfacial conditions between seal material and platens were assumed and it was found that its effect on contact width and peak contact pressure was insignificant. Results obtained from FEA on SMORS were validated through comparison with contact mechanics approach and experimental data and it was found that Lindley's equation correlates well with experimental data whereas ABAQUS overestimates the load values at a given compression. Lindley's approach may be used to develop contact pressure profiles that may help estimate peak contact pressure at a given time so leaking can be avoided.Ph. D.
10
Wu, Wen-Hsien, and 吳文獻. "Simulation of the PEMFC Stack Model." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93756382305580658781.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
96
This research is for the purpose of establishing the proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） stack model. And the model in this study will be described by the algebraic equation which is different from complex finite element method. The system parameters are accumulated unceasingly to obtain the fuel cell dynamic simulation result and the model can reduce the simulation time. Moreover, this research provides for the PEMFC system developers and experimenters to calculate the performance of the fuel cell and reduce developmental and the experimental time. Besides, we use the MATLAB/Simulink software which is developed by American MathWork Corporation as development kit of PEMFC stack model. According to their physical properties, this research divides PEMFC stack model into three main programs. They contain electrical model, heat transfer model and mass transfer model, and also divide parameters into external parameters, fuel cell stack parameters and dynamic parameters. We program MATLAB/Simulink codes separately for the three models and then confirm the model exactitude. Last but not least, the three models will be combined to form PEMFC stack model, which is used to analysis fuel cell performance with the different input parameters.
Book chapters on the topic "Stack PEMFC"
1
Li, Xi, Xiao-wei Fu, Guang-yi Cao, and Xin-jian Zhu. "Fuzzy Predictive Control Based on PEMFC Stack." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 150–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28648-6_23.
Full text
2
Dhanya, S., Varghese Paul, and Rani Thottungal. "Impact of Optimized Value for Relative Humidity at Cathode in PEMFC for Improved Stack Performance." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1145–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5341-7_87.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Stack PEMFC"
1
Bethapudi, Sasank Viswanath, N. Rajalakshmi, and K. S. Dhathathreyan. "PEMFC Stack Activation Through Thermal Management." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18203.
Full textAbstract:
Activation of PEM fuel cell stack is an important factor in setting peak power of stack before its steady operations. Several methods of activation for larger capacity stacks involve operation of the stacks initially at low voltages under highly humidified conditions and at high temperatures. This is expected to improve proton conductivity of the membrane. For large area cells this method can create hot spots due to high current and non-uniform temperature distribution. Hence, an alternative approach for activating PEMFC stack at low current for vehicular applications has been investigated in this study. Conventional stack activation requires continuous supply of coolant. However for vehicular applications, a closed loop thermal management system is required. During the course of developing such a close loop thermal management system for transportation application, we have identified that the same system can be used in activating a PEM fuel cell stack. In the present study a 5kW PEMFC stack, operating on dry reactants, has been activated using a closed loop thermal management system. The activation has been carried out over a period of 620 minutes with 6 start/stop cycles. Through the start stop cycles the power delivered by the stack steadily increased from 2.5kW, to 5kW. Further, heat developed inside the fuel cell, as removed by the coolant water, has been studied and there is a proportional increase in the overall heat removed by the coolant to the total power delivered by the fuel cell. The start stop cycles are regulated based on the single cell voltages and stack temperature. Each cycle is stopped when the stack temperature reaches a set temperature of 50°C. The advantage of this procedure is that it will result in long life of the fuel cell stack, uniform membrane equilibration, and will avert hot spot generation in the electrodes at low cell potential.
2
Jo, Jinmyun, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Ali Ansari. "Lightweight PEM Fuel Cell Stack for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-62626.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts fuel into electricity. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been used for ground transportation due to its high efficiency and zero carbon emission. When it comes to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), PEMFCs can support much longer flight endurance than internal combustion engines and batteries do. However, a lightweight PEMFC stack is required in order to carry enough payload for UAVs. In this research, a lightweight fuel cell stack was developed and fabricated based on the Horizon fuel cell stack. The stack components, including end plates, bipolar plates, and interconnects were redesigned and fabricated to replace those heavy components. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) and electroplating were used to fabricate bipolar plates and interconnects, whereas the end plates were machined from Garolite XX plates. The fabricated lightweight PEMFC stacks were tested using a Scribner 850e Fuel Cell Test System. The lightweight stack assembled with six electroplated bipolar plates showed that the maximum power density estimated was 3.514 W/cm2 with 4.5 V and 1.6 A/cm2 conditions for 100 ml/min of H2. The same fuel cell stack tested at 200 ml/min and 300 ml/min showed higher maximum power densities than 100 ml/min. The presentation includes design and fabrication, performance characterization, weight reduction strategy, and future work.
3
Frisch, Larry. "PEMFC Stack Sealing Using Silicone Elastomers." In SAE 2003 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0801.
Full text
4
Anderson, Kevin R., and Andrew Murphy. "CFD Investigation of a PEMFC Stack Assembly." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4744.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this study 3-D CFD modeling of a cylindrical stack Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is provided. The H2O-O2 PEMFC uses a 10.8 mm2 area membrane and Platinum (Pt) catalyst. The paper presents the methodology for the PEMFC commercial software module, the set-up of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) geometry, mesh and boundary conditions. Results for the current-voltage performance curves and 3-D contour plots of the fluid, heat and species concentrations within the PEMFC are given. Results are presented for a low-temperature fuel cell using NAFION membrane and a high-temperature fuel cell using BZY membrane.
5
Park, Kwangjin, and Joongmyen Bae. "Study of Dynamic Behavior for PEMFC Stack." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74067.
Full textAbstract:
The dynamic behavior of a stack through experiment was compared with the simulation results of a dynamic model by using MATLAB/SIMULINK® for instantaneous change of power demand. The system consists of a 150W commercial fuel cell stack, humidifier, MFC and controller. The model was established with four basic equations. Model coefficients were calculated from experimental data and literatures. Polarization curve and dynamic responses showed similar behavior for both experimental and simulation results.
6
Jiao, Jieran, Fengxiang Chen, Yang Yu, Jilong He, and Xiaoyu Chen. "Modeling and simulation of PEMFC stack dynamic performance." In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243265.
Full text
7
Wasterlain, Se´bastien, Fabien Harel, Denis Candusso, Daniel Hissel, and Xavier Franc¸ois. "A New High Voltage Impedance Spectrometer for the Diagnostic of Fuel Cell Stacks." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33232.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a novel architecture of an impedance spectrometer dedicated to the characterization and diagnostic of large Fuel Cell (FC) stacks operated in galvanostatic mode. The validation tests are first performed on a single Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Then, experiments are carried out on a twenty-cell PEMFC stack delivering more significant power levels. The proposed impedancemeter allows spectrum measurements on cells located in the middle of the stack, where common mode potentials are usually too high for commercial devices. Moreover, the impedances of different individual cells in the stack are acquired with a synchronous measurement reference (global stack impedance). This capability allows distinguishing any singular cell behavior or drift effect of operational parameters (e.g. stack temperature and polarization current).
8
Lee, Sungho, Heeseok Jeong, Inchul Whang, and Taewon Lim. "Water Management in PEMFC Stack of Fuel Cell Vehicle." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82141.
Full textAbstract:
The PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) requires well hydration for acceptable protonic conductivity, but liquid water in the catalyst layers and gas diffusion layers can cause performance loss due to blockage of reactants to the catalysts. Many activities have been done on the water management in PEMFC stack to guaranty better performance and its longevity. Some approaches for PEMFC stack in Hyundai-motor will be shown in this presentation based on analytic modeling, CFD, and experiment, then some challenges for better understanding of water behavior in PEMFC will be shown at the end of this paper.
9
Le, Anh Dinh, and Biao Zhou. "A 3D Single-Phase Numerical Model for a PEMFC Stack." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85122.
Full textAbstract:
A single-phase, three-dimensional mathematical model has been constructed and implemented to simulate the fluid flow, heat transfer, species transport, electrochemical reaction, and current density distributions in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack with parallel-shaped channels. In this study, a complete PEMFC stack with 3 parallel single-cells including the membrane, gas diffusion layers (GDLs), catalyst layers, flow channels, and current collectors was taken into account. The reasonable numerical results show the detailed distributions of fluid flow and species concentrations in the channel and porous media, heat and current transports through the single cells in the stack. Furthermore, this successful modeling of a single-phase PEMFC stack would be a critical step to further develop a general two-phase PEMFC model that could investigate the water management and effects of liquid water on the performance of a fuel cell stack.
10
Ma, Hsiao-Kang, Wei-Yang Cheng, Yuan-Lung Hsu, Hou-Yi Lin, and Chiung-Ting Hsieh. "Innovative Design of a Piezoelectric PEMFC Honey Comb Stack." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6547.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have shown that the pseudo-bipolar design of the bi-cell is composed of two outside anodes and two inside cathodes that share a common PZT vibrating device used to pump the airflow. The bi-cell is operated by three modes of PZT-actuating process as pump mode (Pc > Pout > Pin), supply mode (Pout > Pin > Pc), and transition mode (Pout > Pc > Pin). In this study, a single module of piezoelectric PEMFC honey comb composed of 6 bi-cells on each inside wall of the honey comb has been developed to deliver the net power output 7.5W. The hydrogen storage tank is located in the middle duct of one honey comb with hydrogen supply valves and pipelines. Furthermore, for the required power output, the honey comb stack can be designed as erect-stack or planar-stack by assembling different number modules. Comparing with other polygons, the stronger honey comb stack can be designed to fit in the limited space and coupled with the fuel supply system or other power output system, for example, LED lights.
Reports on the topic "Stack PEMFC"
1
Fujita, Jun-ichi, Jitsuji Ohtsuki, and Yoshihiko Shindo. Performance evaluation of PEFC stack. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460309.
Full text