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Journal articles on the topic 'Stack performance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhou, Wei, Haoran Li, Shiya Wen, et al. "Simulation of Soil Organic Carbon Content Based on Laboratory Spectrum in the Three-Rivers Source Region of China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (2022): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061521.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) changes affect the land carbon cycle and are also closely related to climate change. Visible-near infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) has proven to be an effective tool in predicting soil properties. Spectral transformations are necessary to reduce noise and ensemble learning methods can improve the estimation accuracy of SOC. Yet, it is still unclear which is the optimal ensemble learning method exploiting the results of spectral transformations to accurately simulate SOC content changes in the Three-Rivers Source Region of China. In this study, 272 soil samples were co

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2

Dombrovskis, Johanna, Victor Shokhen, Lisa Kylhammar, and Andreas Bodén. "(Invited) Optimized Conditioning and Performance of PEM Fuel Cell Stacks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 46 (2024): 3264. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02463264mtgabs.

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The fuel cell market is maturing, and the production volumes are increasing. In parallel, expectations on performance, lifetime and operational range for fuel cell stacks are growing. As fuel cell technology matures, more fuel cell stacks are used in real life applications instead of laboratory environment. These positive developments bring with them new challenges and opportunities to learn. Several of these challenges and their impact on stack design and validation will be discussed. The focus will be on optimization of useful stack power density, fuel cell stack conditioning, enlarging the

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3

Muthusundari, S., V. Devi, S. Sharath Kumar, et al. "Stack sort – a new approach with sorting network and a buffer." Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias 3 (June 14, 2024): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024898.

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Knuth introduced the problem of stack sorting. Stack sorting was implemented by t stacks in series. In this paper, we propose a new dimension to stack sorting problem by introducing a stack with sorting network and a petty buffer. Instead of using t stacks in series, it helps to improve the performance by avoiding shuffles the stack. The basic idea behind in this paper is to perform a stack sorting with a single stack, and to achieve greater performance. In this novel approach, 2 bit buffer is compared to stack and insert the element into stack in order to avoid multiple stack. The result show

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Kim, Hanki, Jiyeon Choi, Namjo Jeong, et al. "Correlations between Properties of Pore-Filling Ion Exchange Membranes and Performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis Stack for High Power Density." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080609.

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The reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack-harnessing salinity gradient power mainly consists of ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Among the various types of IEMs used in RED stacks, pore-filling ion exchange membranes (PIEMs) have been considered promising IEMs to improve the power density of RED stacks. The compositions of PIEMs affect the electrical resistance and permselectivity of PIEMs; however, their effect on the performance of large RED stacks have not yet been considered. In this study, PIEMs of various compositions with respect to the RED stack were adopted to evaluate the performance of

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5

Yasukata, Kenichi. "iip: An Integratable TCP/IP Stack." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 54, no. 1 (2024): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3687230.3687233.

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This paper presents iip, an integratable TCP/IP stack, which aims to become a handy option for developers and researchers who wish to have a high-performance TCP/IP stack implementation for their projects. The problem that motivated us to newly develop iip is that existing performance-optimized TCP/IP stacks often incur tremendous integration complexity and existing portability-aware TCP/IP stacks have significant performance limitations. In this paper, we overhaul the responsibility boundary between a TCP/IP stack implementation and the code provided by developers, and introduce an API that e

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6

Bae, J., H. Jee, J. Kim, and Yung Sung Yoo. "Short Stack Performance of Intermediate Temperature - Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Hydrocarbon Fuel Processor." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1338.

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For intermediate temperature operation, we chose an anode-supported, planar type SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) design considering mass production with use ferritic stainless steels as cost-effective interconnects. Anode-supported single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) were fabricated and short stacks were built and evaluated. We also developed diesel and methane autothermal reforming(ATR) reactors in order to provide fuels to SOFC stacks. Influences of the H2O/C(steam to carbon ratio), O2/C(oxygen to carbon ratio) and GHSV(Gas Hourly Space Velocity) on perfo

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7

Babaie Rizvandi, Omid, and Robert Braun. "Utilizing Neural Networks for Optimizing the Performance of Solid Oxide Cell Stacks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 48 (2024): 3342. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02483342mtgabs.

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Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are one of the promising energy conversion devices due to their high efficiency and relevance to many commercial and industrial applications. Much development progress has been made in the last 10-years improving the scale-up, degradation, and commercialization outlook globally. Further commercialization of the SOCs necessitates a deeper understanding of their complex internal processes. Experimental methods, albeit valuable, are constrained by cost and time and often cannot capture intricate details like distributions of species, current density, and temperature. Ther

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8

Bhatti, Umar Nawaz, Salem Bashmal, Sikandar Khan, and Rached Ben-Mansour. "Numerical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerators with a Multi-Layered Stack." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174360.

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Thermoacoustic refrigerators have huge potential to replace conventional refrigeration systems as an alternative clean refrigeration technology. These devices utilize conversion of acoustic power and heat energy to generate the desired cooling. The stack plays a pivotal role in the performance of Standing Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerators (SWTARs), as the heat transfer takes place across it. Performance of stacks can be significantly improved by making an arrangement of different materials inside the stack, resulting in anisotropic thermal properties along the length. In the present numerical

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9

Floerchinger, Gus, Chris Cadigan, Neal P. Sullivan, and Rob J. Braun. "Characterizing the Performance of kW-Scale Multi-Stack Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modules through Modeling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154125mtgabs.

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Commercial-scale SOFC systems are comprised of power modules that contain multiple SOFC stacks. In the last decade, there has been much work on individual SOFC stack development and SOFC systems at the commercial scale (100-1000 kWe). Development of these commercial systems often utilizes models of a single representative SOFC stack to simulate the system’s prime mover. In practice, however, these representative single-stack SOFC models fail to consider the effects that arise due to the reality of multi-stack power modules used to construct commercial scale systems. Effects such as flow maldis

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10

Shi, Jixin, Yue Yao, Ruiyu Zhang, et al. "Experimental Study on High-Efficiency Microtubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks Using Various Fuels." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.0839ecst.

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Microtubular solid oxide fuel cell (mTSOFC) is a clean and low carbon emission power generation technology that has great prospects in the field of portable power generation. Improving the efficiency and broadening the variety of available fuels can significantly improve the performance of portable power generation devices based on mTSOFC. In this study, mTSOFC stack assembled by mounting modular sub-stacks in an array on a designed fuel/air distribution base were tested. By changing the connection of the current collection nodes, the influence of circuit connection modes on the overall output

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11

Jadhav, Pravin V., Girish D. Mehta, and Chandrashekhar N. Sakhale. "Effect of stack geometry and operating frequency on performance of thermoacoustic refrigeration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2779, no. 1 (2024): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2779/1/012095.

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Abstract Different researches have given a broad canvas about investigation of performance of thermoacoustic refrigeration system (TARS) considering geometrical changes in stack, resonator tube and different operating parameters including gas pressure, working medium, frequency and temperature gradient. Limited work is reported involving the variation in stack geometry with different operating frequency to provide the choice of parameters for improving the performance of TARS. In present work, investigation is executed to ascertain the effect of different stack geometry and operating frequenci

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Raju, S. M. Taslim Uddin, Amlan Sarker, Apurba Das, et al. "An Approach for Demand Forecasting in Steel Industries Using Ensemble Learning." Complexity 2022 (February 25, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9928836.

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This paper aims to introduce a robust framework for forecasting demand, including data preprocessing, data transformation and standardization, feature selection, cross-validation, and regression ensemble framework. Bagging (random forest regression (RFR)), boosting (gradient boosting regression (GBR) and extreme gradient boosting regression (XGBR)), and stacking (STACK) are employed as ensemble models. Different machine learning (ML) approaches, including support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machine (ELM), and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), are adopted as reference mo

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13

Kraft, Juergen, Michael T. Y. Paul, and Michael Goetz. "(Invited) Automated Production of High Performance PEMFC Stacks and Components According to Automotive Requirements." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 45 (2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02451693mtgabs.

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EKPO Fuel Cell GmbH was founded in 2021 by two parent companies, ElringKlinger and Plastic Omnium, whom both are strong and established automotive suppliers with mass manufacturing capabilities and strategic approaches to hydrogen and the fuel cell businesses. The aim of EKPO is the development and production of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack components and stack modules. Drawing from the experiences of the pilot automated production line since 2016, a fully optimized automated production, with improved production technologies and products, was developed by EKPO in 2021 to achieve an

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14

Baid, Jayant, and Sapna Gupta. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MERN, MEAN AND MEVN STACKS IN WEB DEVELOPMENT." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28539.

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Choosing a technology stack is a critical decision that affects how software projects progress in the ever- changing field of web development. Regarding web development, a technology stack is a set of tools, frameworks, and programming languages that are utilized in the construction of an application's front end and back end. In addition to making the development process easier, these stacks provide the groundwork for the finished product's performance, scalability, and maintainability. JavaScript-based stacks are becoming serious contenders as businesses and developers search for frameworks t

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15

Xu, Yu, Anton Kukolin, Daifen Chen, and Wei Yang. "Multiphysics Field Distribution Characteristics within the One-Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack with Typical Interdigitated Flow Channels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (2019): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061190.

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Generally, the manufacturing technology of fuel cell units is considered to satisfy the current commercialization requirements. However, achieving a high-performance and durable stack design is still an obstacle in its commercialization. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack is considered to have performance characteristics that are distinct from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks. Within the SOFC stack, vapor is produced on the anode side instead of the cathode side and high flow resistance within the fuel flow path is recommended. In this paper, a 3D multiphysics model fo

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16

Zou, Changwei, Xudong Wang, Yaoqing Gao, and Jingling Xue. "Buddy Stacks: Protecting Return Addresses with Efficient Thread-Local Storage and Runtime Re-Randomization." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 2 (2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494516.

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Shadow stacks play an important role in protecting return addresses to mitigate ROP attacks. Parallel shadow stacks, which shadow the call stack of each thread at the same constant offset for all threads, are known not to support multi-threading well. On the other hand, compact shadow stacks must maintain a separate shadow stack pointer in thread-local storage (TLS) , which can be implemented in terms of a register or the per-thread Thread-Control-Block (TCB) , suffering from poor compatibility in the former or high performance overhead in the latter. In addition, shadow stacks are vulnerable

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17

Lang, Michael, Young-sang Lee, In-sung Lee, et al. "Analysis of Degradation Phenomena of SOC Stacks Operated in Reversible SOFC / SOEC Cycling Mode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015429mtgabs.

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The reversible SOFC/SOEC operation of solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks promise high overall electricity-to-electricity round-trip efficiencies and low storage costs. Although in recent years the degradation rates of SOFC and SOEC stacks in single mode long-term operation have been steadily decreased, the understanding of degradation mechanisms during reversible SOFC/SOEC operation remains an important and challenging issue. Therefore, the Korean-German project “Solid Oxide Reversible Fuel Cell / Electrolysis Stack” (SORFES) focuses on the development of the core component technology for a 1 kW re

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18

Wu, Chien-Chang, and Tsung-Lin Chen. "Dynamic Modeling of a Parallel-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack System." Energies 13, no. 2 (2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020501.

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This study proposes novel simulation methods to model the power delivery function of a parallel-connected solid-oxide-fuel-cell stack system. The proposed methods are then used to investigate the possible thermal runaway induced by the performance mismatch between the employed stacks. A challenge in this modeling study is to achieve the same output voltage but different output current for each employed stack. Conventional fuel-cell models cannot be used, because they employ fuel flow rates and stack currents as the input variables. These two variables are unknown in the parallel-connected stac

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19

Jang, Min Gyu, Chul Hee Lee, and Seung Bok Choi. "Precision Motion Control of a Smart Structure Using an Enhanced Stick-Slip Model." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.98.

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In this paper, a smart structure for the micro position control is proposed using the piezo stack actuator. The smart structure is comprised with PZT based stack actuator, mechanical displacement amplifier and positioning devices. Based on the bridge-type flexural hinge mechanism, a displacement amplifier is designed and integrated with a piezo stack actuator to produce a desirable positioning stroke of the device. In order to achieve the high precision control performance in a positioning device, a stick-slip phenomenon should be suppressed in contacting surfaces of the device, which is gener

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20

Haanappel, V. A. C., P. Batfalsky, S. M. Gross, et al. "A Comparative Study Between Resistance Measurements in Model Experiments and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Performance Tests." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2006): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2393301.

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Several combinations of glass-ceramic and steel compositions with excellent chemical and physical properties have been tested in the past in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, but there have also been some combinations exhibiting pronounced chemical interactions causing severe stack degradation. Parallel to the examination of these degradation and short-circuiting phenomena in stack tests, recently less complex model experiments have been developed to study the interaction of glass-ceramic sealants and interconnect steels. The sealants and steels were tested in the model experiments at opera

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21

Ruttala, Devi varaprasad, Devashish Kulkarni, Ryan J. Ouimet, et al. "Accelerated Stress Tests Protocol Development for Industrial PEM Electrolyzer Stacks." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 45 (2024): 3171. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02453171mtgabs.

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The deployment of NEL’s next-gen PEM water electrolyzer stacks and systems is very much dependent on our ability to evaluate the degradation of individual components and thereby predict 50000 hr. operability of the stack. In addition, Nel Hydrogen is constantly working to unveil degradation mechanisms from our long run (< 100.000 hours) fielded stacks, so that we can make the developing of accelerated stress tests (ASTs) less challenging. Typically, performance losses in PEM electrolyzer stacks are the result of electrode, membrane, and/or PTL degradation during different operation strategi

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Calderón, Antonio José, Francisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, and José Manuel Andújar. "Integration of a Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System in Microgrids: A Solution Based on Model Predictive Control." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184924.

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This paper proposes a multi-objective model predictive control (MPC) designed for the power management of a multi-stack fuel cell (FC) system integrated into a renewable sources-based microgrid. The main advantage of MPC is the fact that it allows the current timeslot to be optimized while taking future timeslots into account. The multi-objective function solves the problem related to the power dispatch at time that includes criteria to reduce the multi-stack FC degradation, operating and maintenance costs, as well as hydrogen consumption. Regarding the scientific literature, the novelty of th

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Wang, Xiaohua, Andrew G. Star, and Rajesh K. Ahluwalia. "Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis Systems: Configuration, Stack Materials, Turndown and Efficiency." Energies 16, no. 13 (2023): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16134964.

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A cell model is developed and validated to analyze the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) stacks and systems. It is used to characterize the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity on a TiO2-supported IrO2 catalyst and an unsupported IrO2 powder catalyst. Electrochemical, stack, and system thermoneutral potentials are defined and determined for isothermal and non-isothermal stack operation. Conditions are determined under which the system thermoneutral potential or flammability of H2 in the O2 anode stream limits the stack turndown and operating temperature

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Shelke, K. S., U. S. Wankhede, and S. Shelare. "Thermoacoustic cooling performance using nylon 6 stack material of varied geometry and blended helium-argon gas." Nigerian Journal of Technology 44, no. 1 (2025): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v44i1.9.

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Meeting the increased demand for energy-efficient, eco-friendly cooling technology requires innovative materials and gas combinations. Conventional cooling systems employ harmful refrigerants that cause global warming and ozone depletion. Thermal and acoustic nylon 6 is a potential stack material for thermoacoustic cooling systems. Despite the potential of Nylon 6 in thermoacoustic applications, its performance with different stack geometries and gas mixtures remains underexplored. Investigating the synergistic effects of these gas combinations has the potential to increase the efficiency and

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de Haart, Ute, Felix Kunz, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Investigation of the Stability of SOC Stacks By Thermo Cycles." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 50 (2022): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02502552mtgabs.

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In recent years different research institutes and companies have developed anode supported cells (ASCs) with an LSC ((La,Sr)CoO3δ) oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells (SOCs), which showed an improved performance in comparison to ASCs with an LSCF electrode. Until now, the SOC-stacks by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ) used ASCs with LSCF on the oxygen side. To minimize undesired effects which might occur due to the inter-diffusion of the constituting cations between adjacent layers, the contact layer on the oxygen side was made of the same LSCF composition. One mayor concern accompanying

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Hjalmarsson, Per, Jonathan Harman, Chandra Macauley, et al. "Current Status of Ceres Electrolysis Programme." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154153mtgabs.

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This report provides an update on Ceres SOEC programme. Since its start Ceres’ state of art technology has been evaluated in electrolysis mode, both experimentally and using modeling at cell, stack, and system level, in parallel to developing its first 1 MW scale demonstrator system. Electrochemical performance, measured at cell level, shows similar performance in EC and FC mode within nominal operating conditions. Durability of stack repeat units has been measured experimentally at a range of different conditions. The degradation rate during the initial ~5000 hrs was found to range from 15-25

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R.Kennady, Et al. "Combining Start-Stop Techniques to Manage a Fuel Cell Cluster in an Electric Car." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 1 (2023): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1.9800.

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This research presents a method for controlling a fuel cell group in an electric vehicle. The method involves dividing a high-power fuel cell stack into multiple small-power fuel cell stacks and starting and stopping them in a grouping manner during the vehicle's operation. The small-power fuel cell stacks are started based on the vehicle's running state and stopped based on the performance degradation of each individual stack. The proposed method improves the efficiency and fuel economy of the power system, reduces performance degradation of fuel cells, extends the service life of the fuel ce

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Bultel, Yann, Corine BAS, Florence Dubelley, Fabrice Micoud, Sébastien Rosini, and Christine Nayoze-Coynel. "Anode Defects’ Propagation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Stack." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (2023): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381835mtgabs.

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Reliability and durability are key considerations to successfully deploy Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Defects induced by manufacturing processes and fuel cell operating conditions may shorten the lifetime of PEMFC due to membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components degradations. If the degradation mechanisms occurring along ageing are now well-known, the propagation of these defects to other materials or to other locations in the stack was poorly investigated in the literature. Recently, we investigated a defect-propagation in MEA via accelerated stress tests combining load an

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Adhitama, Yoga Nur, Danang D. Cahyadi, Ikhsan Setiawan, and Agung B. S. Utomo. "Experimental study on the effect of hydraulic radius of stack on the performance of thermoacoustic prime mover with open resonator." Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications 2, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v2i1.28996.

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<p class="Abstract">Thermoacoustic prime mover is a device which converts thermal energy into acoustic work. The device mainly consists of a resonator pipe, a stack (a porous medium), and two heat exchangers. Four stacks were made of a pile of stainless wire-mesh screens with various mesh numbers of #12, #14, #16, and #18, providing the effective hydraulic radius of 0.32 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.23 mm, respectively. Each stack has 4 cm length. By using the wire-mesh screens, it is easier to vary the hydraulic radius of stack than any other material. The stack is sandwiched between a hot h

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Golani, Sadhana, Holger Bausinger, Andreas Mai, and Andre Weber. "Towards an Impedance-Based Analysis of SOFC-Stacks." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1689ecst.

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This proceeding aims to understand the performance of SOFC stacks using impedance spectroscopy. For the stack analysis, gradients over the active cell area are averaged out, preventing access to local phenomena. Hence, to get better insight into the spatial distribution of losses, single cells with an active electrode area of 1 cm² are characterized at 850 °C based on EIS and DRT-analysis. To ensure an appropriate deconvolution of processes, symmetrical anode and cathode cells are also tested. Next to the ideally contacted cells, metallic interconnecting repeat units are analyzed to study the

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Horita, Teruhisa. "Progress of the Evaluation and Analysis Methods for Durability of SOFC Stacks." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (2023): 1347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1347ecst.

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Recent progress in the development of R&D for the evaluation and analytical methods of SOFC stack durability is reported under the NEDO Japanese national project. The goal of this project is the following two points: (1) to develop the advanced evaluation and analytical methods for the cell stacks which show a lifetime over 15 years (130 kh) with high efficiency of over 65% LHV, and (2) to develop the evaluation and analytical methods for dynamic operation mode such as rapid start-stop and load cycling. Three practical stacks (one flat tube and two types of planar) were supplied by the sta

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Acevedo, Yaset, Jennie Huya-Kouadio, Jacob Prosser, Kevin McNamara, and Brian James. "(Invited) Techno-Economic Analysis on Near-Term and Future Projections of Levelized Cost of Hydrogen for Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis Technologies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01361953mtgabs.

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Hydrogen is seen as a potential energy intermediary between renewable energy sources and end-use applications including transportation, power, and industrial feedstocks. Core to this approach is low-cost hydrogen generation via water electrolysis. Significant research has been undertaken to improve the electrolysis stack technology, including enhancements in electrical efficiency, materials degradation, and total stack cost. However, relative to the total cost of installing an electrolysis plant, the stack contributes <50% of the initial capital investment. Therefore, from an electrolysis p

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Mouginn, Julie, Jérôme Laurencin, Julien Vulliet, et al. "Recent Highlights on Solid Oxide Cells, Stacks and Modules Developments at CEA." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0154168mtgabs.

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Solid Oxide Cell (SOC) technology is a versatile technology able to operate either in electrolysis mode (SOEL), to produce hydrogen at high efficiency, in fuel cell mode (SOFC) using different fuels (carbon-based or non-carbon based like ammonia), in reversible mode (rSOC) with different cycles between electrolysis and fuel cell modes depending on the use case and the type of upstream coupling with renewable energies, and finally in co-electrolysis mode (co-SOEL) to produce syngas out of steam and CO2. Though proofs-of concept have been achieved at different relevant scales for those different

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Rockward, Tommy, Julian Singell, Victoria Kwei, et al. "Assessing the Performance of Gas Diffusion Electrodes: Varying Pt Loading and Manufacturing Techniques." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 46 (2024): 3270. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02463270mtgabs.

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It has been reported that the amount of platinum in a fuel cell electrode can govern performance, cost and durability of the fuel cell stack. This study focuses on utilizing platinum black as the electrochemically active catalyst in an 8-cell miniature fuel cell stack and assessing the minimal electrode loading required to meet specific targeted performance requirements. Unlike typical catalyst, platinum black catalyst is unsupported (i.e. platinum is not decorated on to carbon substrates). A catalyst ink solution is prepared and is dispersed onto a gas diffusion layer (GDL) using either a spr

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Santos Andrade, Tatiana, and Torbjörn Thiringer. "Performance of Pt-Free Catalysts in a Fuel Cell Vehicle." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 46 (2024): 3268. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02463268mtgabs.

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Fuel cell vehicles have been pointed out as a promising green transportation alternative in the current energy transition scenario. However, the use of Pt-based catalysts adds relevant costs to the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell technologies that limit the spread commercialization of those vehicles. Therefore, Pt-free catalysts have been strongly investigated for PEM fuel cell stacks. However, those catalysts usually face a performance-durability trade-off that is a challenge to overcome. In recent years, significant improvements have been reported for those catalysts. Thus, catalyst

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Li, Xiao Hua, Chao Li, and Yi Xi Cai. "The Effects of Stack Parameters on the Performances of Acoustic-Refrigeration Thermoacoustic Conversion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.186.

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In this research, the acoustic-refrigeration thermoacoustic conversion system numerical model was constructed, the combined influences of structural and positional parameters of stack on the temperature difference at two ends (DT) and the coefficient of performance (COP) were analyzed. Besides, the acoustic-refrigeration thermoacoustic conversion test system was built up. Finally, experiments were performed to testify the calculation results of the conversion system. The results showed that within the common ranges of the parameters values, the porosity of stack affected the COP slightly while

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Sasmito, Agus Pulung, Erik Birgersson, Kah Wai Lum, and Arun Mujumdar. "COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FREE AIRBREATHING PEM FUEL CELL: SINGLE CELL AND STACK." ASEAN Engineering Journal 2, no. 1 (2012): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v2.15343.

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The operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for single cells and stacks with free air-breathing open-cathode manifold requires careful thermal, water and gas management for optimal performance. Here, the cathode channel design and orientation of the cell/stack in the gravitational field are essential due to presence of buoyancy-driven flow. To study the impact of these effects, a three-dimensional two-phase flow model accounting for conservation equations of mass, momentum, species and energy are solved in ambient and cell/stack with additional conservation of charge, agglomerate

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Yin, Hao Yuan, Kun-Woo Yi, Young-Jin Kim, Hyeon-Jin Kim, Kyong-Sik Yun, and Ji-Haeng Yu. "Research on Internal Flow Uniformity of U-Flow Pattern and Z-Flow Pattern SOFC Stacks Based on Numerical Analysis." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1682. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071682.

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This study analyzes flow uniformity in U-flow pattern and Z-flow pattern solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, assessing their performance under different stack heights and rates of fuel/air usage. Both configurations achieved satisfactory flow distribution uniformity in the anode region at the 1 kWe scale, especially with the Z-flow design demonstrating enhanced stability. However, as stack height increased, particularly at 3 kWe, flow uniformity decreased significantly. In the cathode flow region, uniformity was highly sensitive to changes in air utilization rate, with lower air utilization c

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Zaidan Almeyda and Ahmad Hanif Firdaus. "Pengaruh Variasi Panjang Velocity Stack Terhadap Daya Motor Bensin Satu Silinder 150 CC." Journal of Creative Student Research 2, no. 3 (2024): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jcsr-politama.v2i3.3927.

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The automotive industry is growing rapidly, especially on 150 cc motorcycles. Problems related to lack of engine performance are the main focus in making modifications. Velocity stack in standard conditions is an air duct that connects the throttle body with the air filter box. The standard velocity stack is made of rubber so that it can be deformed when the vacuum is high and the shape has a curve so that it can inhibit airflow. Manufacturers make velocity stacks with consideration of their short length in order to produce optimal engine performance. The purpose of this study was to determine

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Biswas, Samarjith, Zack Krawczyk, and James M. Manimala. "Evaluation of additively manufactured stacks for thermo-acoustic devices." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (2021): 4376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2683.

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The thermo-acoustic effect provides a means to convert acoustic energy to heat and vice versa without the need for moving parts. This is especially useful to construct mechanically-simple and robust energy harvesting devices, although there are limitations to the power-to-volume ratio achievable. The mechanical and thermal properties as well as geometry of the porous stack that forms a set of acoustic waveguides in thermo-acoustic devices are key to its performance. In this study, we evaluate various additively manufactured polymer stacks against more conventional ceramic stacks using a bencht

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Wang, Liang, Heran Wang, and Tinghai Cheng. "Design and performance of a compact stick-slip type piezoelectric actuator based on right triangle flexible stator." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 5 (2022): 055013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac6206.

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Abstract In the field of stick-slip type piezoelectric actuators, the actuator with simple and compact structure has been given significant research and design value. A compact stick-slip piezoelectric actuator based on right triangle flexible stator is proposed and evaluated in this work. The proposed actuator only includes a right triangular type stator inserted with a PZT stack and it has the merit of simple structure. The PZT stack is excited under a sawtooth waveform voltage, and the elongation deformation of the PZT stack makes the driving foot move obliquely due to the right triangular

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Simon Araya, Samuel, Sobi Thomas, Andrej Lotrič, Simon Lennart Sahlin, Vincenzo Liso, and Søren Juhl Andreasen. "Effects of Impurities on Pre-Doped and Post-Doped Membranes for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stacks." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112994.

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In this paper, we experimentally investigated two high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) stacks for their response to the presence of reformate impurities in an anode gas stream. The investigation was aimed at characterizing the effects of reformate impurities at the stack level, including in humidified conditions and identifying fault features for diagnosis purposes. Two HT-PEMFC stacks of 37 cells each with active areas of 165 cm2 were used with one stack containing a pre-doped membrane with a woven gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the other containing a post-doped m

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Zhang, Xueping, Mingtao Wu, Liusheng Xiao, et al. "Thermal Stress in Full-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks by Multi-Physics Modeling." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092025.

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Mechanical failures in the operating stacks of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are frequently related to thermal stresses generated by a temperature gradient and its variation. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed and further applied in full-size SOFC stacks, which are fully coupled and implemented for analysis of heat flow electrochemical phenomena, aiming to predict thermal stress distribution. The primary object of the present investigation is to explore features and characteristics of the thermal stress influenced by electrochemical reactions and various tr

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Asano, Koichi, Takumi Imabayashi, Akifumi Ido, Hiroshi Morita, Tohru Yamamoto, and Yoshihiro Mugikura. "Degradation Analysis of SOFC Performance for Long-Term Operation with High Fuel Utilization (2)." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015426mtgabs.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a power generation technology with its high efficiency and low environmental impact, and the most important issue for SOFC for practical use is to improve reliability as well as high efficiency. A national project on SOFC development in Japan, “Development of advanced evaluation and analysis technologies for the durability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells stacks (2020-),” has been initiated as a NEDO project in order to clarify their long-term durability and find dominant degradation factor for each SOFC stacks. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

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Li, Yang, Xing Shen, Xiping Kou, and Li Yu. "Design, experiment, and verification of a heating and insulation structure for the piezoelectric stack." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 5 (2020): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19898260.

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In the low-temperature environment, temperature reduction affects the properties and actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack. To solve this problem, a practical and effective heating and insulation structure, based on the working characteristics of the piezoelectric stack, is proposed in this article. Thermal conductivity models of the piezoelectric stack under two heating modes—whole heating and local heating—are developed and validated by finite element simulation analysis. The heating and insulation structure has been built according to the theoretical model, and the experimental t

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Kabouchi, Kaoutar, and Mohamed Karim Ettouhami. "CFD Modelling and Simulation of the Thermal Management in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Stack." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 27, no. 1 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.37934/arnht.27.1.113.

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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells are a promising technology for clean energy conversion due to their high efficiency and low emissions. However, one of the critical challenges in the operation of fuel cells is the effective management of temperature and humidity within the fuel cell stack. Uneven temperature distribution can cause uneven water vapor condensation, leading to performance inconsistencies among individual cells in the stack. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding and control of the thermal and humidity dynamics within the fuel cell stack to ensure optimal performan

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Kumar, Gaurav, Divyanshu Kumar, and Dr Rajeev Yadav. "Performance Optimization in MERN Stack Applications." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 5 (2025): 5073–77. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0525.1744.

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Samsun, Remzi Can, Matthias Prawitz, Andreas Tschauder, Stefan Weiske, Joachim Pasel, and Ralf Peters. "A Compact, Self-Sustaining Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit Operated on Diesel Fuel." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185909.

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A complete fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit in the 7.5 kWe power class utilizing diesel fuel was developed in accordance with the power density and start-up targets defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. The system includes a highly-integrated fuel processor with multifunctional reactors to facilitate autothermal reforming, the water-gas shift reaction, and catalytic combustion. It was designed with the help of process analyses, on the basis of which two commercial, high-temperature PEFC stacks and balance of plant components were selected. The complete system was packaged, which result

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Dhathathreyan, K. S., N. Rajalakshmi, K. Jayakumar, and S. Pandian. "Forced Air-Breathing PEMFC Stacks." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/216494.

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Air-breathing fuel cells have a great potential as power sources for various electronic devices. They differ from conventional fuel cells in which the cells take up oxygen from ambient air by active or passive methods. The air flow occurs through the channels due to concentration and temperature gradient between the cell and the ambient conditions. However developing a stack is very difficult as the individual cell performance may not be uniform. In order to make such a system more realistic, an open-cathode forced air-breathing stacks were developed by making appropriate channel dimensions fo

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Naik, Megavath Venkatesh, and Paulson Samuel. "Analytical Comparision between Single and Modular Fuel Cell Stack: Uniform Modular Cell Approch." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 2 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i2.pp89-97.

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A single fuel cell (FC) produces a very small voltage of about 0.6 -0.8 V under normal operating condition, and hence several individual cells are connected in series as a stack to get higher voltages suitable for practical loads. The stacks are then connected in series to get required values of DC voltage. The FC performance varies with the operating parameters such as temperature, humidity, fuel flow rate, ageing and fuel non uniform concentration. The FC stack underperforms when there is presence of bad cell in it. The Presence bad cell in a stack limits the current handling capacity of oth

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