Academic literature on the topic 'Stadium Events'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stadium Events"
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Liu, Ying, Zheng Zheng Tang, and Hong Peng Xu. "The Effect of Specific Vomitory Width in Stadiums on Evacuation Efficiency Based on Virtual Crowd Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.243.
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Stadium vomitory width plays a very important role in the evacuation process of large number of spectators. The current estimation method of vomitory minimum width in China building codes often brings architects misunderstanding in the egress design and evacuation performance of stadiums. Therefore, this paper investigates the composition of spectator crowds in different events hosted in stadiums, their movement capability and way-finding behaviors, build a typical unit of terraced stand based on the parameters given by building codes, use agent-based model STEPS to simulate and analyze the effect of vomitory width on stadium evacuation efficiency. The simulated results show that the vomitory width affects stadium evacuation efficiency very differently. Architects should organize the circulation system reasonably and provide guidance for spectator crowds while designing the stadiums, not blindly increase the vomitory.
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Uhrich, Sebastian, and Martin Benkenstein. "Sport Stadium Atmosphere: Formative and Reflective Indicators for Operationalizing the Construct." Journal of Sport Management 24, no. 2 (March 2010): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.2.211.
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This article reports the findings of an investigation into the atmosphere in stadiums during live team sports. Experiencing this special atmosphere represents an essential part of the total service provided by the organizers of sport events. However, existing research into the concept of atmosphere focuses on the retail environment. Our first step was therefore to define sport stadium atmosphere as a theoretical construct, drawing on theories from environmental psychology. We then developed a mimic (multiple indicator-multiple cause) model to measure the construct. To specify the mimic model, we generated and selected formative measures by means of a delphi study (N= 20), qualitative expert interviews (N= 44), and an indicator sort task (N= 34). The results indicate that various physical and social aspects of the stadium environment are causal indicators of sport stadium atmosphere. Following this, we conducted phenomenological interviews with spectators at sport events (N= 5) to identify typical affective responses to stadium environment (representing the reflective indicators of the mimic model). These interviews revealed that fans’ experience of stadium environment is characterized by high levels of arousal and pleasure. In addition to our findings, the mimic model developed in this study represents a useful tool for future research into sport stadium atmosphere.
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Lefterov, V., O. Servachak, and K. Alexentseva-Timchenko. "Psychological aspects of holding of the mass events on the modern sport buildings." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 3 (40) (2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2018.40.26-29.
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The article is devoted to the psychological aspects of holding mass sport events on the modern sport stadiums. On the basis of analyzing of the modern practice of organization and holding European and World football championships the psychological peculiarities of holding mass sport events on the modern mega stadiums are found. The article outlines the results of the empiric research of the psychological peculiarities of a person and the activity of stadium staff. The necessity of the psychological support system for organization and holding mass sport events is proved.
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Zale, PhD, Joslyn, Bandana Kar, PhD, and David Cochran, PhD. "Optimizing stadium evacuation by integrating geocomputation and affordance theory." Journal of Emergency Management 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2018.0357.
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Football is culturally and economically important in the United States, and football stadiums are part of the country's critical infrastructure, thus receiving government protection against hazard events. In this project, an agent-based evacuation model was implemented to optimize evacuation time from The University of Southern Mississippi's M.M. Roberts Stadium (football) by accounting for evacuees’ age, gender, physical fitness, alcohol consumption, and prior experience with hazard events. The findings revealed that (i) the age and gender of an individual impact his/her locomotion speed and (ii) evacuation route choice is influenced by evacuees’ perception of its safety and effectiveness. The estimated evacuation times for all evacuees to exit only the stadium and the stadium plus the surrounding campus were 20.82 and 165.01 minutes, respectively. Both of these times were shorter than the evacuation times determined by models employing location-unspecific locomotion speeds. One-way analysis of variance revealed that there were statistically significant differences between use of location-specific and location-unspecific within-stadium evacuation times (p ≤ 0.001 with α = 0.05). These results suggest that using local data is vital to accurately estimate evacuation time.
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Jones, Calvin. "A Level Playing Field? Sports Stadium Infrastructure and Urban Development in the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 5 (May 2001): 845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33158.
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A number of cities in the United Kingdom have recently placed a policy focus on the ability of sports events and stadia to stimulate economic and physical regeneration. Such development is most often justified from a development and regeneration perspective. Under this paradigm, the urban redevelopment which occurs consequent on stadium construction creates benefits which ‘trickle down’ from property developers, sports teams, and stadium operators to the wider community—largely in the form of employment growth. However, the attraction of the hallmark events which are (in the United Kingdom) the major revenue stream of the stadium can be reread in the context of the constant competition evidenced between cities and between regions to draw in mobile capital resources via a programme of public subsidy for private business. Under such a paradigm, the potential for the stadium to contribute to uneven development, both within and between cities, is problematic. The author examines the arguments for and against stadium development in terms of the likely effects on the economic and social fabric of the city, and identifies likely winners and losers. The role of mobile capital, political elites, and growth coalitions in driving changes in the structure and use of common space in the urban core is examined with the aid of a case study of Cardiff and the Millennium Stadium.
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McTier, Alexander John. "The emergence and conceptualisation of community stadia in the UK." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, no. 8 (December 2020): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02690942211003055.
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New professional sports stadia have been widely advanced as flagship developments that can generate jobs and wealth, support place branding and culture-led strategies, and host mega-events. Public funding for new stadia has been secured on these bases but also challenged as stadia costs are under-estimated and the benefits, particularly for lower income communities, exaggerated. Emerging in this context, community stadia are an intriguing phenomenon as they offer the potential for professional sports stadia to deliver on community aims alongside their sporting, commercial and economic development aims. Public funding has followed with a number of community stadia built or planned in the UK, yet with limited critical analysis of the stadium type and its impact. This paper helps to fill the literature gap by learning from two community stadia case studies: The Keepmoat Stadium, Doncaster and The Falkirk Stadium, Falkirk. It finds that community stadia have the potential to deliver across the four aims, with stadia’s association with the world of professional sport facilitating engagement with multiple, diverse and ‘hard to reach’ communities. However, they are also complex phenomena leading the paper to construct a 12-feature conceptualisation of community stadia that can advance practitioner and academic understanding of the phenomenon.
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Potter, Joel M. "Publicly subsidized sports events and stadiums." Managerial Finance 42, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2016-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the economics literature of publicly subsidized sports stadiums and mega-events. Let it be noted, however, that the author was unable to find any substantial economics literature in terms of how publicly funded stadiums and events affect income and wealth inequality. Design/methodology/approach This paper was designed for coherent legibility with the intention of reviewing economic literature on the effects of publicly funded sports stadiums and events. However, upon investigation it was found that there is a surprising dearth of relevant literature pertaining to the implications of publicly funded stadiums and sports events and their effects on income and wealth inequality. Findings Although the author discovered research performed by non-economists, they were unable to find research wherein economists explicitly investigate the impact of stadium subsidies on income and wealth inequality. Social implications The social implications of publicly funded sports-related constructions and events, though surprisingly under-reported by economists, can be startlingly extensive in terms of sheer numbers. In all, 1.5 million individuals were purportedly displaced in order to make room for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. In total, 250,000 people were likewise forced to move in order to accommodate the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. These numbers warrant further investigation by economists. Originality/value The author was unable to find any literature pertaining to the effects on income or wealth inequality of publicly funded sports stadiums and mega-events. This review would therefore appear to be unique.
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Seifried, Chad, Tiffany E. Demiris, and Jeffrey Petersen. "Baylor University’s Football Stadia: Life Before McLane Stadium." Sport History Review 52, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.2020-0020.
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The present study offers a descriptive history of the football grounds at Baylor from 1894 to 2014. The current review identifies important individuals and notable events that impacted the football facilities at Baylor. Moreover, the contextual factors influencing each period of change were recognized, and it was determined if Baylor’s facilities followed the pattern of other regional peers. In the case of Baylor, football ultimately created social anchors for the institution and Waco because the increasing popularity and commercial interest in college football produced spectacles capable of providing a unique campus spirit. Next, the spectacle of football and spirit both established and improved alumni relationships and corresponded with interest in elevating the prestige of the university and city to attract students, visitors, and businesses to operate in the area. Finally, the construction of various Baylor football playing grounds produced significant media attention capable of boosting enrollments and recognition that Baylor was a major university.
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Pritchard, Adrian, David Cook, Andrew Jones, Tom Bason, Paul Salisbury, and Ellie Hickman. "Professional sports teams: going beyond the core." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2018-0056.
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Purpose The addition of products to the core of matches by professional sports teams (PSTs) has received much coverage. However, there has been limited work as to how their stadiums are used to stage non-sporting events. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how clubs in the English Football League (EFL) use their venues to diversify into other markets. Design/methodology/approach Secondary sources were used to categorise the teams who played in the EFL by: average division turnover, stadium capacity and stadium age. Semi-structured interviews were held with a member of the commercial teams of 21 clubs. Findings Clubs use their stadiums to supply a range of products and working with partners is commonplace. These products are targeted at a range of stakeholders, such as supporters, the local community and regionally based organisations. In addition to their own efforts, increased geographical coverage for clubs usually develops in three ways: via internal marketing by local organisations who use the facilities, agents who market the stadium for the club and the EFL who market the league/clubs holistically. Research limitations/implications The use of a stadium allows PSTs to diversify by providing new products for new markets. In this instance it has led to the development of capabilities in areas such as conferencing, funerals and weddings. Originality/value This is one of the first papers to examine the capabilities developed by PSTs that lie outside the staging of matches.
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CICHY, ANDRZEJ. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION OF SAFE SPIRIT PARTICULAR PARTIES." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XVIII (June 30, 2018): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6002.
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The article describes the legal requirements for the organization of mass sports events, primarily in terms of security. It presents the scope of duties that must be met by the organizer and the requirements concerning his competences, knowledge and experience, as well as the obligations of the participants of the event, that is orders and prohibitions resulting directly from the law on the safety of mass events and regulations of the given facility. The appropriate services were also pointed out, which ensure order and order during such events. In addition, the whole process of staying at the stadium was approximated, i.e. identification of participants, sale of tickets or the issue of entering a match for a minor. The subject of stadium bans was also discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stadium Events"
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Mwedzi, Alick. "The afterlife of megastructures in the aftermath of mega-events: the case of Cape Town Stadium." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28081.
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Large scale global spectacles such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games demand infrastructure of a suitably grand magnitude - the stadium being the centrepiece of this infrastructure. However, because the mentioned events are hosted in a different location each time they take place, the stadia they leave behind often face uncertain futures, as the events and capacity for which they are originally designed are difficult to maintain following the spectacle. The intention of this dissertation is to explore how adaptive reuse can be considered as an approach towards stadia in the aftermath of global mega-events. This exploration focuses on Cape Town Stadium, a venue for the 2010 FIFA World Cup hosted in South Africa. The dissertation engages Cape Town Stadium in terms of an exploration into understanding the nature of stadia as very large buildings, and the challenges and opportunities adaptive reuse presents to their continued use. Cape Town stadium is understood as a robust concrete structure with a high embodied energy and a variety of spatial and environmental conditions created by contrasting deep and shallow spaces, and different engagements with external environments. These conditions present a challenge to providing the spatial and environmental requirements of an alternative programme, especially where spaces are deep, isolated, inappropriately scaled or articulated by structure. Informed by Metabolist megastructure thought, adaptive reuse is explored in an approach that regards the existing as a robust permanent structure and introduces a secondary order of architecture: more delicate and less robust - that augments the existing structure to provide for the spatial and environmental requirements of a new programme - an educational campus - introduced to occupy the underutilised portion of the Stadium.
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Amaral, Gustavo Garcia do. "O estádio contemporâneo: arquitetura regeneradora de seu tecido urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-12082013-105626/.
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A partir da segunda metade do século XX, o futebol consolidou-se como um importante ramo da indústria do entretenimento no Brasil e assim sendo, deflagrou a necessidade de se projetar novos estádios, mais eficientes especialmente no que tange os processos de requalificação do seu entorno construído. O crescimento desordenado das cidades brasileiras a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970, conjugado ao desenvolvimento da indústria do futebol expuseram a incapacidade dos grandes estádios brasileiros, construídos na sua maioria em concreto armado durante o regime militar, de se tornarem peças centrais em processos de regeneração urbana e nem mesmo de acomodar com qualidade seus espectadores. Portanto, o presente trabalho visa reavaliar o arquétipo do estádio de futebol contemporâneo verificando a presença de estratégias projetuais que permitam a estes edifícios tornarem-se qualificadores do espaço construído, especialmente neste momento em que o país será sede de mega eventos esportivos, como a Copa do Mundo e os jogos olímpicos. Além disto, a organização destas competições, juntamente com a consolidação da industria esportiva nacional, deve ser compreendida como uma possibilidade de desenvolvimento de sistemas de infraestrutura urbana e políticas sociais que contribuam para a regeneração de áreas urbanas subutilizadas. Sendo assim, o presente resumo sintetiza os resultados obtidos com a dissertação de mestrado intitulada: O estádio contemporâneo: uma arquitetura regeneradora do seu tecido urbano. Inicialmente, o trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica em periódicos internacionais, como: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. Posteriormente, a metodologia aplicada a pesquisa utilizou-se da análise de estudos de caso, que apontaram os aspectos arquitetônicos que contribuíram para que os edifícios analisados tornassem-se regeneradores, e não desagregadores de seu contexto urbano. Portanto, o estudo concentrou-se na análise dos estádios de futebol contemporâneos, construídos como sedes de competições internacionais, a partir da compreensão das estratégias projetuais presentes nestes edifícios propostos como requalificadores de seu contexto urbano. Os resultados obtidos pelo estudo indicaram que as tendências arquitetônicas apresentadas pelos estádios contemporâneos são consequências de transformações morfológicas ocorridas durante o século XX que incorporaram ao edifício novas tecnologias e sistemas construtivos que reafirmam a sua função enquanto regeneradores de tecidos degradados. A necessária ligação ente o estádio e o seu contexto urbano demanda que estes sejam concebidos conjugadamente com sistemas de infraestrutura, possibilitado ao edifício estar inserido na malha consolidada de grandes cidades, uma condição fundamental para que estes equipamentos consolidem-se enquanto pontos focais de sua estrutura espacial. Desta forma, o estudo dos estádios contemporâneos, sedes de grandes eventos esportivos, possibilitou identificar as diretrizes de projeto e planejamento que possibilitam repensar esta tipologia arquitetônica, propondo uma integração coerente com a malha consolidada de sua cidade, permitindo assim que o mesmo seja parte integrante de processos de regeneração urbanaBrazil, has been well known worldwide for its deep relation with soccer as its national sport. Through the last century this sport modality has become a strong branch of the entertainment industry and it has brought with it the need of more efficient stadia specially regarding the urban regeneration aspect. The massive growth of Brazilian cities during the 60\'s and 70\'s and the development of soccer industry in the last decades have exposed the incapability of Brazilian\'s huge concrete bowls built for soccer practice during the military regime to function as catalysts of urban change nor to accommodate fans. Clearly there is a great need of reviewing the archetypal of Brazilian stadia since the country will be the next host of the two greatest contemporary mega-events: the World Cup and the Summer Olympics. Furthermore, hosting this mega-events and the settlement of its sports industry can be understood as a possibility to develop urban infrastructure systems and social policies contributing for the regeneration of underdeveloped urban areas. Therefore, this abstract summarizes the results obtained with the dissertation entitled: The contemporary stadium: an urban regeneration architecture. Initially, the work was developed from a bibliographical research in international journals such as: European Urban Studies, Urban Environment, Built Environment, Town Planning Review, Annals of Regional Science, Economic Development Quarterly, Urban Studies, Tourism Management, Journal of Sport Management, Leisure Studies, World Leisure and Recreation Studies, Journal of Urban Affairs, Sb Magazine. This research focus on the analysis of the contemporary stadia built for mega-events starting from the comprehension of the design strategies proposed by these buildings which expect to become the centerpieces of a process of urban renewal. The research understands that the design trends proposed by contemporary stadia is a consequence of a set of architectural morphological transformations occurred during the 20th century, which incorporated new technologies and building systems to its conception, confirming a new function to this typology of building also responsible for the urban regeneration of parts of the city. The connection between the stadium and its surroundings suggests that this buildings must be designed together with infrastructure systems, which allow these great sports buildings to be placed near the city centre, a fundamental condition for these facilities to achieve the status of architectonic monument. Therefore, the systems of mass transportation are a key element on the stadia proposal, especially in the cases where these building will be venues of important sports events such as the summer Olympics or the World Cup. A critical analysis of contemporary stadia will identify the relation between this buildings and its host cities, using the mass transportation systems planned for mega-evens since Atlanta 1996 as an object of the study as well as the architectonic aspects that contribute for the stadium to boost the regeneration process instead of becoming a burden to the host city.
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Sandfer, Jordan. "Host City, Inishmore." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2019. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/785.
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Labuschagne, Danielle. "The everyday and the event : re-imagining the urban industrial event space of Pilditch stadium." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60184.
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This dissertation follows two complementary areas
of investigation.
First, the study explores place making in the industrial
area of Pretoria West. Second, investigating Pilditch
Stadium and the adjacent Tshwane showgrounds, the
project critiques and questions the mono-functional
nature of the existing sports and event facilities.
Pilditch stadium, located in Pretoria West, currently
functions, on occasion, as a "transient space for sport
fans and sportsmen/-women" (Gunter 2011:76). When
the stadium is not used, it becomes a non-place and
returns to an introverted and isolated state. Similarly
the Tshwane Showgrounds, located next to Pilditch
Stadium, only function as temporary event space. In
an attempt to expose the usually introverted aspects
of sporting events within Pilditch Stadium into the
public terrain, the intention is to create places for
everyday rituals that can be used by locals, as well as
place for larger sporting events that will bring visitors
from further afield.
This proposal will attempt to introduce a new state;
a permanent civic space accompanied by production
spaces. The aim is to diversify and enhance the
functions on site, in order to celebrate the 'everyday'
and to re-imagine the site as a public place.
Although this dissertation proposes an urban design
framework for the Pretoria West precinct, the focus
of this dissertation will be on the North-western edge
of Pilditch stadium itself. The proposed building
intervention will explore place making and event
space within the stadium precinct.Hierdie verhandeling volg twee kompliment?re areas van ondersoek. Eerstens, ondersoek die studie die plekskepping in die industri?le gebied van Pretoria. Tweedens word Pilditch Stadion en die aangrensende Tshwane Skougronde ondersoek. Die projek behels 'n kritiese bespreking en bevraagtekening van die enkelfunksionele aard van die huidige sport-en funksiefasiliteite. Pilditch Stadion, gele? in Pretoria-Wes, funksioneer tans op 'n per geleentheid basis as 'n "transient space for sport fans and sportmen/ women" (Gunter 2011:76). Wanneer die stadium nie ingebruik is nie, word dit 'n nie-ruimte en keer terug na 'n staat van introversie en isolasie. Die Tshwane Skougronde, langs Pilditch Stadion, funksioneer soortgelyk ook slegs as 'n tydelike funksieruimte. Daar word gepoog om die tans introverte aspekte van die sportfunksies binne die Pilditch Stadion aan die publieke terrein bloot te stel. Met die inagneming van hierdie poging, is die bedoeling om ruimtes te skep vir die alledaagse rituele van plaaslike inwoners asook 'n plek vir groter sportbyeenkomste wat besoekers van verder weg sal lok. Hierdie dissertasie poog om 'n nuwe werklikheid te skep; deur die voorstelling van 'n nuwe toestand van permanente burgerlike ruimtes wat vergesel word deur produksieruimtes. Die doelwit is om die funksies van die perseel te diversifiseer en te verbeter om sodoende die "elke dag" te vier en om die perseel te her-verbeel as 'n publieke terrein Alhoewel die dissertasie 'n stedelike ontwerp raamwerk vir die Pretoria-Wes buurt voorstel, is die fokus van die dissertasie die Noord-Westelike rand van die Pilditch Stadion self. Die voorgestelde gebou-ingryping sal die voorstel om spasie asook 'n funksieruimte binne die Stadion buurt te skep, verken.
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Almeida, Erick Bastos de. "O consumo público de eventos esportivos: um olhar para além dos estádios de futebol." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11470.
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The present study investigated the public consumption of live sporting events inside and outside the scope of stadiums. The main goal of the study was to determine if the fan (supporter), perceives a relation of substitution or complementarity between the favorable attitudes towards attendance at the stadium or at other public places to watch football games. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the influence of the identification of a sports fan (supporter) with his team in the attitude and public consumption of the spectacle of soccer in the stadium or in other public places, as well as if demographic characteristics (gender and age group) exert some kind of moderating effect on the relationships studied. To address these issues we sought reference in SIT - Social Identity Theory and SCT - Self-Categorization Theory. A survey was conducted, targeting supporters of the four main soccer teams from Rio de Janeiro, through assisted structured interviews. The sample was intentional and of convenience and data collection totaled 507 valid questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in two stages. The first contemplating an exploratory factor analysis, which aimed at the preliminary observation of the quality of the scales. The second stage included a confirmatory factor analysis in order to purify the scales. Convergent, discriminant and nomological reliability and validity of the constructs were evaluated. To test the substantive hypotheses of the study the structural equation modeling technique and multigroup analysis were used. The analysis results allowed empirical support of three out of the five substantial hypotheses. The results suggest that (a) The identification of the fan with the team exerts a positive influence on the attitude towards watching games at the stadium; (b) The favorable attitude of fans towards the stadium exerts a positive influence on the attendance at the stadium; and (c) The favorable attitude of fans towards public places exerts a positive influence on attendance at public places. However, we could not fully support the hypothesis that (d) identification of the fan with the team influences the attitude towards public places; and (e) The attitude of fans towards the stadium influences the attitude towards public places. The moderating effects of gender and age group were also not supported.
O presente estudo investigou o consumo público de eventos esportivos ao vivo dentro e fora do âmbito dos estádios. O objetivo principal do estudo foi determinar se o fã (torcedor), percebe uma relação de substituição ou de complementaridade entre as atitudes favoráveis ao comparecimento ao estádio ou a outros locais públicos para assistir a jogos de futebol. Adicionalmente, o estudo objetivou a investigação da influência da identificação do fã do esporte (torcedor) com seu time na atitude e consumo público do espetáculo do futebol no estádio ou em outros locais públicos; bem como se as características demográficas (gênero e faixa etária) exercem algum tipo de efeito moderador sobre as relações estudadas. Para abordar estes temas buscou-se referência na SIT – Social Identity Theory e na SCT – Self- Categorization Theory. Foi realizado um levantamento (survey), envolvendo torcedores dos 4 times cariocas de maior torcida, mediante entrevistas estruturadas assistidas. A amostra foi intencional e de conveniência e a coleta de dados totalizou 507 questionários válidos. A análise dos dados foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira contemplando uma análise fatorial exploratória, que objetivou a observação preliminar da qualidade das escalas. A segunda etapa contemplou uma análise fatorial confirmatória com o objetivo de purificar as escalas. Foram avaliadas a confiabilidade e a validade convergente, discriminante e nomológica dos construtos. Para testar as hipóteses substantivas do estudo utilizou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais e a análise de multigrupos. Os resultados da análise permitiram suportar empiricamente três das cinco hipóteses substantivas. Os resultados sugerem que (a) A identificação do fã com o time exerce influência positiva sobre a atitude em relação a assistir a jogos no estádio; (b) A atitude favorável do torcedor em relação ao estádio exerce influência positiva sobre o comparecimento ao estádio; e (c) A atitude favorável do torcedor em relação a locais públicos exerce influência positiva sobre o comparecimento a locais públicos. Todavia, não foi possível suportar integralmente as hipóteses de que (d) A identificação do fã com o time exerce influência sobre a atitude em relação a locais públicos; e (e) A atitude do torcedor em relação ao estádio exerce influência sobre a atitude em relação a locais públicos. Também não foram suportados os efeitos de moderação do gênero e faixa etária.
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Myers, Scott J. "Designed for disassembly: the push for a new approach to sports architecture in the 21st century." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53381.
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The architecture of the sports stadium has evolved dramatically throughout its history. From the ancient gladiatorial arenas to the domes and retractable-roof ballparks of the 20th Century, the stadium has become an iconic and integral part of life, in our modern society. Through the globalization of sports and sporting events, such as the Olympics and World Cup, new and more exciting opportunities are being extended to those who, historically, have been without the resources or infrastructural means to support such endeavors. However, for all the excitement and optimism that accompanies the initial design and planning, the actual development of the necessary structures and support systems rarely provides the expected return on what, ultimately, becomes a staggering investment of time, money, and labor. In fact, operators have found it nearly impossible to provide for the continued operation, maintenance, and regular occupation of these facilities, thus resulting in an overwhelming burden on the local community.
It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a survey of architectural precedents from selected mega-events of the last 100 years, as well as a number of other contemporary stadium projects, in an effort to fully convey the magnitude and relevancy of this issue, to identify industry trends and practical models, and more definitively present the need for an alternative approach to design. Additionally, a proposal will be put in place for more of a focus on modularity and prefabrication, in order to transform the Olympic or World Cup stadium into a less permanent element within the urban landscape. It is the hope that the systemic issues, currently associated with hosting international sporting events, may be remedied through the architecture, and ultimate disassembly, of the 21st Century stadium. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the negative impact of such undertakings, and to aid in the realization of the inherent potential for positive change therein.
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Romano, Fillipe Soares. "Atratividade turística em estádios de futebol: visitação no estádio Arena Corinthians." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100140/tde-12122018-202316/.
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Com o anuncio da construção do estádio Arena Corinthians no bairro de Itaquera em São Paulo indagou-se sobre os possíveis legados e impactos para a população como contrapartida de sediar megaeventos esportivos. A presente pesquisa surgiu do questionamento: como as transformações exigidas pelos megaeventos esportivos Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2014 e Olimpíada 2016 podem influenciar as formas de uso e apropriação do estádio Arena Corinthians como parte do turismo e lazer na cidade de São Paulo? O objetivo geral foi analisar a importância das atividades turísticas na Arena Corinthians e os objetivos específicos se concentraram em: analisar as atividades que usufruam do equipamento turístico; examinar a percepção dos atores sociais do entorno sob perspectiva do legado e/ou atrativo para a região de Itaquera e da zona leste do município; identificar e refletir sobre possibilidades e potencialidades do uso do espaço. Para responder os questionamentos anteriores utilizou-se do método qualitativo de caráter descritivo e exploratório, dividido em três momentos: análise bibliográfica, análise documental e pesquisa de campo, compreendidas pela técnica de observação participante, entrevistas temáticas aos gestores da Arena Corinthians e da São Paulo Turismo (SpTuris), aplicação de questionários a cem visitantes dos eventos Tour Casa do Povo, Timão RUN, Monster Jam e Treino Aberto, e cinco moradores visitantes da Virada Cultural. Como resultados observou-se que os visitantes desconhecem o roteiro turístico da zona leste de São Paulo, parte deles estiveram no estádio pela primeira vez, nesse sentido, ressai a importância da captação de público por meio de eventos multiculturais e diversificados que não relacionados ao Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (SCCP). Os visitantes compreendem a Arena Corinthians como legado e atrativo turístico para a cidade. A percepção dos moradores corrobora sob percepção da atratividade turística, mas, diverge especialmente na questão do legado, justificado pela expectativa gerada e não cumprida no desenvolvimento do entorno. Apontam-se recomendações para ações que abranjam o público do entorno na perspectiva de apropriação, pertencimento e uso do estádio, além de aproximação ao trade turístico para alcançar a meta de ser o principal atrativo turístico na cidade de São PauloWith the announcement of the construction the Arena Corinthians stadium in the district of Itaquera in São Paulo, inquired about the possible legacies and impacts for the population as a counterpart to hosting the sports megaevents. The present research emerged from the questioning: how the transformations demanded by the mega-sports events 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics can influence the forms of use and appropriation of Arena Corinthians as a segment of tourism and leisure at the city of São Paulo? The overall aim was to analyze the importance of tourism activities at the stadium and, the specific objectives were focused on: to explore the activities that make use of the facilities; examine perception of the social actors of the environment under the perspective of the legacy and/or attraction for the region of Itaquera and the east zone of São Paulo; identify and reflect on the possibilities and potentialities of the use of space. In order to answer the previous questions, a choice of use of the qualitative method of descriptive and exploratory character was made, splited into three distinct moments: bibliographic and documentary analysis and field research, comprised by the participant observation technique, thematic interview, and made by the use of questionnaires to Arena Corinthians and São Paulo Turismo (SpTuris) managers, one hundred visitors from the Casa do Povo Tour, Timão RUN, Monster Jam and Football Open Training, and five visitors from Virada Cultural. As a result of the research, noticed that visitors were unaware of the tourist route at the east zone of São Paulo, some of them were at the stadium for the first time, in this sense, it stands out the importance of attracting the public through multicultural and diversified events that are not related to Sport Club Corinthians Paulista (SCCP). Visitors understand the Arena Corinthians as a legacy and tourist attraction for the city. The perception of the residents corroborates under perception of the tourist attractiveness, nonetheless, they differ especially in the matter of legacy, justified by the generated expectation and not fulfilled in the development of the surroundings. It also pointed out some recommendations for actions in order to cover the surrounding public in the perspective of appropriation, belonging and use of the stadium, as well as approaching the tourist trade to achieve the goals of being the main tourist attraction in the city of São Paulo
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Mendez, Soledad (Candace Soledad). "MEGA-Event Stadiums as vehicles for urban transformation : an argument for integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59761.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-212).
All cultures across the world engage in significant public events whether religious, traditional or competitive. Many of these celebrations, small or large, are central to their communities and cultures, bringing people together on common grounds. Events of this nature have had a long history of contributions to the built environment; often they are a means to exhibit the newest building technologies and national pride and serve as catalysts for urban regeneration. Mega sporting events such as the Olympic games and the World Cup soccer tournaments are classic examples of hallmark events. They have the ability to attract worldwide attention as people from across the globe join together in the host city to cheer for their favorite competitors. These events can correct misconceptions, blur cultural boundaries and even transcend wars, as in the civil war truce in the Ivory Coast during the 2006 World Cup. The cultural and social impacts that reverberate in host cities can be felt across the world. Mega-events leave a footprint on these cities, physically, economically and socially. It has been argued that these enormous endeavors are worth their equally enormous costs as they often aim to be important catalysts for urban transformation. The international spotlight on the host cities is sufficient reason to draw a large pool of bidders hoping to host these prestigious events. The pride in hosting the event and the opportunity to enhance a nation's image on a worldwide stage can spur investment and growth for the country and city in which the games are located. In addition, the events are a means to focus national and local attention on general improvements, infrastructure projects and the city's expansion. The stadium has the power of becoming the iconic and identifying image of a place; it is more than just a place where sports are held, it is the heart of the people and center of the city. How the structures built for this one-time purpose will be integrated into the future of these cities is a perennial question. These Mega-Events will continue to be planned and executed, if anything, with more grandeur and lavish spending; it is crucial, therefore, that host-cities achieve progress through these urban transformations on the greater goal of serving the long-term needs of their permanent inhabitants. Site selection is the first, and perhaps most important, step in the process of bidding for and executing these mega events. The site location can have great implications on both the event itself as well as the host city. Amongst other things site selection will produce a ripple effect onto other mega planning efforts such as infrastructure, transportation and long-term urban design goals. In this thesis, I examine World Cup stadia as an example of mega-event structures, their design principles, development, and long-term use. I posit that careful site selection and innovative design and programming can allow these facilities to thrive as economic and social assets for their host cities both during and well after the event. Furthermore, I argue that the archetypal stadium form needs to be reconsidered in the light of long term impacts and benefits to cities. I suggest that much can be learned from the piazza - another classic urban public form - about how to design a stadium that can function as a connective element in a network of public urban spaces. Through a thorough analysis of the piazza form, I draw inherent characteristics of the piazza and attempt to overlap these on the stadium form. I argue that this flexibility will maximize post-event use of the stadium and enable it to be integrated into the urban fabric and the larger future visions for a city. Planning and design efforts can expand the life and viability of the stadiums both during the event and long after, by supporting the every-day life of their communities.
by Soledad Mendez.
M.C.P.
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Neves, Ricardo Miguel de Sousa. "A aceitabilidade das aplicações móveis nos eventos futebolísticos em Portugal e a satisfação dos adeptos face à sua utilização." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16506.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisEste trabalho aborda a aceitabilidade das aplicações móveis nos recintos desportivos, nomeadamente nos estádios de futebol em Portugal, locais, onde as evoluções tecnológicas tendem a ser maiores, sendo estas parte integrante do espetáculo, de todos os que o vivenciam e programam. Num evento desportivo, o adepto procura assistir a um espetáculo, não deixando de parte todas as experiências que podem potenciar a sua comodidade, entretenimento e segurança. Nos dias que correm, as tecnologias envolvem cada vez mais os adeptos e os agentes ligados a estes eventos, onde a ponte é feita através dos smartphones, aplicações móveis e outras tecnologias que se encontram nos estádios. Através deste estudo, percebemos a aceitabilidade dos adeptos face às aplicações móveis, antes, durante e depois do jogo de futebol. É igualmente abordada a satisfação dos adeptos no que respeita à utilização das aplicações móveis e serviços associados. Verificámos neste estudo que a Expectativa de Desempenho, Condições Facilitadoras, Motivações Hedónicas e o Hábito são fatores que influenciam a adoção da tecnologia. No que respeita à satisfação dos adeptos face à utilização das aplicações móveis e serviços associados, verificamos que a Acessibilidade, Estádio Exterior, Estádio Interior e Serviços de Comida e Bebida são fatores de satisfação. O estudo baseia-se em dois modelos de pesquisa: (Venkatesh, Thong, & Xu, 2012) e (Hock, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2010). Foi realizado um inquérito onde são abordadas questões relativamente à adoção da tecnologia e à satisfação decorrente da sua utilização. Este estudo faz ainda uma análise às aplicações móveis de três clubes.
This paper addresses the acceptability of mobile applications in the local sports venues, where technological evolutions tend to be larger, being these integral parts of the spectacle, of all those who experience and program it. In a sporting event, the adept tries to watch a show, not leaving aside all the experiences that can enhance his comfort, entertainment and safety. Nowadays, technologies are increasingly involving the fans and agents involved in these events, where the bridge is made through smartphones, mobile applications and other technologies that are in the stadiums. Through this study, we will understand the acceptability of the fans to mobile applications, before, during and after a football event, the most popular sport in Portugal. It will also address the satisfaction of fans regarding the use of mobile applications and associated services. With this study, we verified that the Performance Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivations and Habit are factors that impact on the technology adoption. Regarding the topic about the supporters? satisfaction with the usage of mobile applications and the services associated with it, we verified that the Accessibility, Exterior Stadium, Interior Stadium and Food and Beverages Services are factors that satisfy. The study is based on two research models: Venkatesh, Thong, & Xu, 2012) and (Hock, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2010). A survey was carried out, which addressed to issues regarding the adoption of technology and the satisfaction derived from its use. This study also analyzes the mobile applications of three football clubs.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mosime, Kwenaitsile Maitshwarelo. "The post-event function of world cup stadia as contribution to the 2010 Fifa World Cup legacy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60396.
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In today’s sport environment, a mega event such as the FIFA World Cup involves major costs for the hosts, and high demands for all organizing stakeholders in order to ensure successful implementation. Despite the opportunity cost, this poses for the hosting country, bidding for these events remain highly competitive due to the perceived benefits of staging this event. Analyses show that new stadia are often built for the event and these require long-term planning and sustainable use in order to be operated successfully. Problematically, stadia that succumb to the challenges of operational and maintenance costs are referred to as ‘white elephants’. Successful stadia are those with good legacy plans that are geared towards the realization of positive long-term benefits. As owners of the stadia after a major football tournament such as the FIFA World Cup 2010, Local Municipalities face the challenge of ensuring that the stadiums remain sustainable after the event as well as covering the costs of maintaining the facilities. Therefore it is vital to know the function of the stadia. This study explores the perceptions of Local Municipalities on the World Cup stadia contribution towards the legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The study poses the following research question: How do facility managers at Local Municipalities in South Africa perceive the function of the 2010 FIFA World Cup stadia as part of the legacy of the tournament?Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
MA
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Books on the topic "Stadium Events"
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James, A. R. Wimbledon Stadium: The first sixty years : a briefrecord of events, 1928-1988. Southwick: A. R. James, 1993.
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Cagan, Joanna. Field of schemes: How the great stadium swindle turns public money into private profit. Monroe, Me: Common Courage Press, 1998.
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Cagan, Joanna. Field of schemes: How the great stadium swindle turns public money into private profit. Monroe, Me: Common Courage Press, 1999.
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Neil, DeMause, ed. Field of schemes: How the great stadium swindle turns public money into private profit. Monroe, Me: Common Courage Press, 1998.
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The sports franchise game: Cities in pursuit of sports franchises, events, stadiums, and arenas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.
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Lucia, Baccelle, ed. Gli edifici per spettacoli nell'Italia romana. Roma: Quasar, 2003.
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John, Walters. Sportswriting and sports photography. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest, 2016.
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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.
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Demause, Neil, and Neil De Mause. Field of Schemes : How the Great Stadium Swindle Turns Public Money into Private Profit. 2nd ed. Common Courage Press, 1999.
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Surdam, David George. The NBA Becomes “Major League”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037139.003.0008.
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This concluding chapter summarizes the NBA's troubled history and its eventual prosperity. It discusses how a series of events and decisions helped improve the league's prospects. The BAA/NBA struggled with many things in its first decade, from concerns over stadium capacities to lack of consumer demands for pro basketball games to racial integration and the rise of technology. Yet the owners' decisions to absorb NBL teams, ruthlessly pare weak teams, tamper with playing rules, introduce African American players, relocate to larger cities, and develop a relationship with television all proved beneficial, although sometimes with a lag. The league's survival, frequently precarious, was a testimony to a group of owners' determination and their willingness to absorb losses.
Book chapters on the topic "Stadium Events"
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Cappellini, Anna, Ramona Fagiani, and Marcello Vanali. "Serviceability Assessment of Two Different Stadium Grandstand During Different Events." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 299–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15248-6_32.
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Pope, Nigel K. L., and Kevin E. Voges. "Short Term Recall and Recognition of Advertising and Signage in Telecast Stadium Sporting Events." In Proceedings of the 1995 World Marketing Congress, 13–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17311-5_3.
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Chochliouros, Ioannis P., Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, Pavlos Lazaridis, Michail-Alexandros Kourtis, Zaharias Zaharis, and Alexandros Kostopoulos. "Combined 5G-Based Video Production and Distribution in a Crowded Stadium Event." In Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2020 IFIP WG 12.5 International Workshops, 35–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49190-1_4.
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Bama, Hilary Kennedy Nji, and Tembi M. Tichaawa. "Mega-Event and Stadium Legacies in the Global South: The Case of South Africa." In New Directions in South African Tourism Geographies, 129–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29377-2_8.
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Lewis, Robert W. "Stadium travels: spectatorship, territorial identity and global connections, 1900–60." In The Stadium Century. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526106247.003.0005.
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This chapter turns to the ways in which stadia, sport and spectators both in France and elsewhere around the globe helped generate changing place-based communities and identities. French stadia created discourses about local places through the depiction of spectators within their confines. But stadium spectatorship also helped define the national collective, through literal and imaginary voyages within France and abroad to other stadia around the world. These latter voyages generated a series of comparisons that provided French men and women with convenient benchmarks for monitoring the perceived vitality and social cohesion of France in relation to its rivals on the world stage. These comparisons predominantly reinforced a sense of French inadequacy and decline throughout the interwar period, if not necessarily after the Second World War. At the same time, however, the comparisons with the wider world testified to the global character of sport itself in the first half of the twentieth century, as a mass media complex in Western Europe and North America publicised and promoted sporting competitions that helped create transnational communities of spectators invested in the same sporting events.
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Lewis, Robert W. "Sportsmen or savages? Stadium sport and its spectators, 1900–60." In The Stadium Century. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526106247.003.0004.
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The third chapter focuses on the stadium’s relationship to the efforts of French sporting elites to create a well-disciplined, deferential and masculine public at spectator sporting events in the period between 1918 and the mid-1950s. During this era, rugby, soccer and cycling became the pre-eminent spectator sports in France, promoted and analysed by a burgeoning media complex. Far from rejoicing at the burgeoning popularity of spectator sport, French sporting journalists and officials sought to ‘improve’ and reshape the crowd, both physically through the stadium and discursively in the narratives about ‘sporting education’ that surrounded it. However, these physical and rhetorical efforts to redefine the sporting public as respectable and masculine were continually undermined by the commercial logic of sport itself and the actual practices of male and female spectators present both inside and outside the stade. Faced with a public that resisted physical and rhetorical discipline and that created its own spectator experience, the journalists and sporting impresarios who promoted French sport slowly and somewhat begrudgingly came to recognize the crowd as a less overtly problematic public of male and female consumers which needed to be recruited and accommodated.
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Mascarenhas, Margarida, Bruno Rodrigues, Ivo Sousa-Ferreira, and Elsa Pereira. "Insular Tourism." In Handbook of Research on Resident and Tourist Perspectives on Travel Destinations, 339–60. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3156-3.ch016.
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This chapter aimed to analyse the profile and patterns of consumption of non-resident spectators of a sporting event that took place in an insular tourist city: Funchal (Madeira Island, Portugal). Data collection was performed at the entrance of the football stadium where 108 (n) spectators were randomly surveyed. Data were analysed based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that on average, each tourist spent 231 euros in the city; the highest cost was due to accommodation and secondly to tickets; ‘arrival time at the stadium' was the variable that most positively influenced the total expenditure; individuals with higher education/wage levels had a greater predisposition to spend more money on food/drink and accommodation. As spectators' opinion on the city/stadium showed high levels of satisfaction, the event improved the visitors' perception and image of the city. This study highlights how sporting events can increase the insular tourism. Future research should replicate this study in similar events hosted in comparable destinations.
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Kesenne, Stefan. "Do football spectators like dynasties? Long-term uncertainty of outcome and stadium attendance." In Outcome Uncertainty in Sporting Events, 135–40. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781839102172.00014.
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Reiche, Danyel. "Legacies of Mega-Sporting Events in Developing Countries." In Sport, Politics and Society in the Middle East, 165–82. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190065218.003.0010.
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This chapter engages with the scholarship that emphasizes the benefits of mega-sporting events to host countries, from increasing their international prestige and influence on global politics, through to mobilizing national pride, and serving as a tool of economic development. This chapter also investigates the benefits gained by Lebanon as a result of hosting four regional mega-sporting events since the civil war ended in 1990. Additionally, it examines the similarities and differences between these four events by exploring, in particular, the tangible and intangible legacies. Apart from a review of academic and press articles, primary data was collected by interviewing key stakeholders in the Lebanese sports sector who were involved in the events. Our conclusion is that while the events provided Lebanon with some short-term promotional benefits, they introduced a heavy financial burden, especially in relation to stadium and sports hall construction. Resources to maintain those facilities became a source for corruption.
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Serratosa, Luis, Efraim Kramer, and Mats Börjesson. "Cardiac safety at sports events: the medical action plan." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 411–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0045.
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The cardiac-specific medical services plan, in and around a sports stadium or arena, should be carefully undertaken and individualized, in order to ensure safe, effective, and coordinated management of any sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This is ensured practically by tailoring the designated number and skills of on-duty health-care personnel and by having adequate and appropriate medical equipment, effective communication systems, and the emergency medical service transportation logistics required to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation within the first 3–5 minutes after SCA, regardless of the size or type of sport environment. The planning should be written down in a medical action plan (MAP) which should be communicated to all relevant and appropriate officials, health-care personnel, and, where relevant, participants and spectators. Relevant contact information regarding activation of the necessary emergency medical services, listing the sport environment health-care personnel, and continuous education and skills training are vital parts of the MAP.
Conference papers on the topic "Stadium Events"
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Morrison, Alistair, Marek Bell, and Matthew Chalmers. "Visualisation of Spectator Activity at Stadium Events." In 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation, IV. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv.2009.64.
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Ernst, Christian, and Magnús Arason. "Ullevaal Stadium Bridge - a cycling network over a freeway interchange." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2001.
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<p>The new Ullevaal Footbidge is situated in Oslo, Norway. It is prominently placed next to Ullevaal Stadium, one of the largest venues for concerts and sports events in the country. The bridge is pivotal in the manifestation of Oslo municipality’s strategic plan to promote cycling as an alternative means of transportation: it is conceived to minimize travel times for cyclists, improve safety for pedestrians and cyclists and thus to promote sustainable transport in central Oslo. It is replacing a 30-year-old “intermediate” structure. The horizontal alignment of the bridge follows a broad arc across Oslo’s Ring 3 urban motorway. Approach ramps blend seamlessly with existing routes at grade to ensure non-stop connections for all users and stairs in strategic locations provide “short-cuts” to bus stops and to the main entry into the Ullevaal Stadium.</p>
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Kwoczek, Simon, Sergio Di Martino, and Wolfgang Nejdl. "Stuck Around the Stadium? An Approach to Identify Road Segments Affected by Planned Special Events." In 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2015.206.
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Elharrouss, Omar, Somaya Al-Maadeed, and Khalid Abualsaud. "Crowd Density Estimation for Crowd Management at Event Entrance." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0241.
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Crowd management is an essential task to ensure the safety and smoothness of any events. Using the novel technologies including surveillance cameras, communication technics between security agents, the control of the crowd has become easier. However, the sue of these technics is still not perfectly effective. This paper presents an approach for managing the crowd at the entrance of event (festival, stadium...) using surveillance cameras. Using cameras and some panels in each entrance, the crowd density is extracted and illustrated in each panel. So, before reaching any gate, the people can see the available and the not crowded gate to reach the target. The proposed technique helps not just in smoothing the motion of the crowd but also minimize the crowdity and abnormal behaviors of the people.
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Norvell, Kyle, Michael McClelland, Ethan Ratajczak, and Janet Dong. "Design and Build a T-Shirt Cannon Firing Mechanism." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24112.
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Abstract The work in this paper is a part of the T-shirt cannon automation project. The objective of the project is to develop an autonomous robot carrying cannons to automatically shoot T-shirts during the sports events at the University of Cincinnati (UC). More specifically, the T-shirt cannon will be used and driven by the UC cheerleading team and be able to automatically shoot T-shirts at the audience in the Nippert Stadium and the 5/3 Arena for football and basketball games, respectively. The design and automation of the T-shirt cannon require a significant effort and a multi-disciplinary team to complete. This paper will focus on the process of designing, building, and testing the firing mechanism for the cannon, including the determination of cannon’s firing method, barrel design and assembly, base design and barrel mounting method, pneumatic analysis, and automation and control of the firing of T-shirts. The goal of the firing mechanism is that the cannon would fire off as many T-shirts as possible with the window of a single timeout at the game. The project starts with the preliminary research and the initial testing. During the preliminary research, the relevant safety standards/codes and previous T-shirt cannon designs were reviewed and studied. Especially the possible working with pressurized air, the material used in the design must be rated above the target firing pressure to ensure the cannon itself not explode and the air supply tank and fittings must be in good condition. During the initial testing, the site visits were conducted, the cheerleaders were interviewed, the dimensions of the stadium and the 5/3 arena were measured, and therefore the shooting distance and shooting angles were estimated. After the initial testing and preliminary research, a set of engineering characteristics were established, following by the concept design, in which the barrel assembly, the pneumatics, the firing mechanism, and the mounting method were discussed, analyzed, and determined. The barrels had two major designs, one is using a railing support system with an external tank of air to power and fire the cannon, and another one is using a chamber of air to power and fire the cannon with the barrels surrounding the air chamber itself. Two methods are analyzed and compared. The optimum one, therefore, was determined and developed. For the firing mechanism, two main designs are a spring-loaded firing mechanism that could increase the sealing capabilities of the barrels, and a tight tolerance fit that has less weight. Two designs were tested and analyzed, the optimum one was determined and built, followed by the firing mechanism testing. This paper will describe the process of design, building, and testing the firing mechanisms of this T-shirt cannon at UC. The paper will also discuss the testing results on shooting performance.
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Shah, Neil, Dharmeshkumar M. Agrawal, and Niranajan Pedanekar. "Adding Crowd Noise to Sports Commentary using Generative Models." In Life Improvement in Quality by Ubiquitous Experiences Workshop. Brazilian Computing Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/lique.2021.15715.
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Crowd noise forms an integral part of a live sports experience. In the post-COVID era, when live audiences are absent, crowd noise needs to be added to the live commentary. This paper exploits the correlation between commentary and crowd noise of a live sports event and presents an audio stylizing sports commentary method by generating live stadium-like sound using neural generative models. We use the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based architectures such as Cycle-consistent GANs (Cycle-GANs) and Mel-GANs to generate live stadium-like sound samples given the live commentary. Due to the unavailability of raw commentary sound samples, we use end-to-end time-domain source separation models (SEGAN and Wave-U-Net) to extract commentary sound from combined recordings of the live sound acquired from YouTube highlights of soccer videos. We present a qualitative and a subjective user evaluation of the similarity of the generated live sound with the reference live sound.
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Hu, Yuhuang, Hong Ming Chen, and Tobi Delbruck. "Slasher: Stadium racer car for event camera end-to-end learning autonomous driving experiments." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicas.2019.8771520.
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Praetorius, Summer, Alan Mix, Maureen Walczak, Jennifer L. McKay, and Jianghui Du. "NORTHEAST PACIFIC COOLING AND FRESHENING EVENTS DURING EARLY HEINRICH STADIAL 1 AND THE YOUNGER DRYAS: LINKS TO THE MISSOULA MEGAFLOODS?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305546.
Full textReports on the topic "Stadium Events"
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Evaluation of police officers' exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke at open-air stadium events. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshhhe201701743335.
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