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Mellas, Michael John. "Constructing multiple realities on stage conceiving a magical realist production of José Rivera's Cloud tectonics /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218129542.
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Haldey, Olga. "Savva mamontov and the Moscow private opera : from realism to modernism on the Russian operatic stage /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486457871783319.
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Mellas, Michael John. "Constructing Multiple Realities on Stage: Conceiving a Magical Realist Production of Jose Rivera's Cloud Tectonics." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218129542.
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Kent, Samuel. "On Revolution and Realism: A Structural Realist Theory of Revolution." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2993.
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Thesis advisor: Paul ChristensenRevolutions have been a neglected subject in Structural Realism. Nevertheless, they have profound impacts in the International System, ranging from immediate state-unit behavior deviation to long-term altering of the balance of power. Revolutions can be explained within the Structural Realist paradigm as a structural contradiction between state and society that depresses state capabilities, allowing it to succumb to intra-territorial competition. Accordingly, revolution can be considered a mechanism for reconstituting state-unit power
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science Honors Program
Discipline: Political Science
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Larkins, Jeremy. "The idea of the territorial state : discourses of political space in Renaissance Italy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2617/.
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This thesis, presented as a theoretical contribution to the discipline of International Relations, describes the intellectual origins of the idea of the territorial state. The idea of the territorial state has a privileged place in International Relations for it is an integral element of Realism, the discipline's dominant intellectual tradition. Realism assumes that the primary actors in the modern international system are states, as identified by their exercise of sovereignty over a delimited space or territory. In Realist history, the territorial state and the modern territorial international order emerged together, twin products of seventeenth century political theory and practice, as signified by political settlement of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. This thesis challenges the Realist narrative of the idea of the territorial state on two counts: methodologically and historically. First, it rejects the view that it is possible to account for the idea of the territorial state exclusively in terms of political practice and knowledge. It argues that the Realist idea of the territorial state needs to be understood as one expression of a much broader and more complex matrix of narratives - social, political, philosophical and cultural - about man's capacity to know, represent and order the spaces of modernity. Second, the thesis rejects the Realist history that dates the emergence of the territorial state to the seventeenth century. An alternative chronology is put forward that dates the origins of the idea of the territorial state to fifteenth and sixteenth century Renaissance Italy. The thesis argues that the first signs of the idea of the territorial state can be identified in various Renaissance spatial discourses: political, cosmological, artistic and cartographic. These spatial discourses and the practices they led to established the templates for thinking about and representing space in modernity, including those underlying the articulation of the idea of the modern territorial state.
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Smith, Mark J. "Metatheories of the state." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363379.
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Metatheories of the State is a contribution to reinterpreting contemporary state theory through an account of three leading approaches in recent political theory. Metatheorising, as a form of critical analysis and exegesis, is portrayed as a sensitive exploratory technique which serves as a means of situating social and political theories in terms of their historical and social context as well as in terms of their epistemological and ontological assumptions. This thesis focuses upon three distinctive approaches in the field of state theory through an examination and theoretical reconstruction of key positions in Neo-Pluralism, Neo-Liberalism and Neo-Marxism. Each of the approaches considered is situated and assessed in terms of their epistemological and ontological frame of reference (their position in relationship to approaches within the philosophy of social science), as well as in terms of their contribution to the theorisation of the relationship between the state and society. This thesis addresses the tendency of state theorists to treat the state as the 'horizon' for the constitution of the social order rather than as an object in its own right with its own imperatives, structure and rationale. In each case, the substantive focus of analysis (polyarchic civility for Dahl, catallactic relations for Hayek and processes of societalisation for Jessop) is identified in relation to the state as a boundary or as a set of parameters which limit the operation of, and provide the conditions of possibility of social relations. Finally, this investigation highlights their distinctive models of causality within different accounts of knowledge construction in order to demonstrate the way in which realism is understood in relation to empiricism and idealism in social scientific practice.
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Edy, Delphine. "Le réalisme et son double au théâtre. Thomas Ostermeier, mise en scène et recréation." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL150.
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Les mises en scène récentes de T. Ostermeier explorent les liens entre littérature et art théâtral pour questionner, à l’aide d’un réalisme complexe qu’il réinvente, ce que les œuvres ont à dire de la réalité politique et sociale de notre présent. Il privilégie toujours pour cela des espaces entre qui permettent de briser la rigidité d’un respect littéral étouffant et de faire dialoguer le passé et le présent, l’actuel et le virtuel, le proche et le lointain. A la surface visible, son réalisme articule la profondeur invisible qui dédouble le réel en explorant sa spectralité à travers les personnages eux-mêmes, leur mémoire, leurs fantômes ; leur langue qui, entre traduction et retravail, crie le non-dit, le refoulé, l’absence ; l’espace des lieux-seuils, des (non)-lieux et des passages, des images du hors-scène, trop présent, ou de l’intime, insaisissable ; et même la musique dont les échos démultiplient les réseaux de sens. C’est dans la hantise de ces doubles que T. Ostermeier cherche à reconstruire un sens qui ne fasse pas abstraction des fêlures ni des fractures. Son travail doit être analysé comme une œuvre autonome qui convoque l’œuvre littéraire support pour la faire parler à nouveau, lui faire dire à nos oreilles d’aujourd’hui la douleur intemporelle du réel et l’espoir politique de reconstruire ce présent. La « déterritorialisation » constante du théâtre de T. Ostermeier, assumée, donne corps aux spectres qui sont l’autre nom de notre réalité pour que nous, spectateurs, puissions, finalement, nous en saisir. Refusant un théâtre et une littérature qui ne font qu’interpréter le monde, il s’agit pour T. Ostermeier de faire dialoguer l’un et l’autre pour le transformerIn his recent productions, T. Ostermeier investigates the links between literature and drama with complex, renewed realism to question what insights the works of the past can give us into today’s political and social reality. He always favours the in-betweens which enable him to break through the stifling inflexibility of literal interpretation and initiates a dialogue between the past and the present, the actual and the virtual, what is close at hand and what is distant. His realism connects the visible surface of reality to its invisible depth – its double. He delves into this spectrality by focusing on the characters’ memory, their ghosts; on their language, hanging between translation and reworking, as their unsaid, repressed words speak loud; on space viewed as space between – thresholds, somewhere/nowhere, passages, pictures of all too present off-stage scenes or of elusive intimacy; on music too, echoing meaning in multiple layers. These ghost-like doubles are T. Ostermeier’s material to rebuild a meaningful present without ignoring its cracks and fault lines. His productions should be analysed as an autonomous oeuvre which calls on literary works to make sense afresh, to voice the painful, timeless experience of the real and the political hope to rebuild the present. His constantly ‘deterritorialising’ theatre substantiates our ghosts – the flipside of our reality – so that we, spectators, may finally get a grasp on them. T. Ostermeier will not confine theatre and literature to merely interpreting the world, he wants them to dialogue in order to transform it
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Kostagiannis, Konstantinos. "Realist conceptualisations of power and the nation-state." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15859.
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This thesis is a project of intellectual history which focuses on the development of notions of power and the nation-state in realist thought. The main aim of the thesis is to offer a comprehensive account of how different conceptions of power in the work of various realist thinkers influence their perceptions of the nation-state. Although both power and the state are considered as central to realism, their connection has not been adequately discussed and remains largely implicit. The thesis aims at illuminating such a connection. The authors under examination are both key realist thinkers and representative of the diversity of realist thought as well as of the development from classical to structural realism. As such, the thesis focuses on the works of E.H. Carr, H. Morgenthau (as classical realists), J. Herz (as a transitional figure) and J. Mearsheimer (as a structural realist). The thesis engages with each realist’s theory in a three-step process. First, it analyses their conceptualisation of power and the role it plays in their ontological and epistemological assumptions. Then, using that conceptualisation of power as a starting point, it discusses its impact on the way the realist under examination understood the nation-state. Finally, the way the aforementioned realists engaged with the foreign policies of given nation-states is employed as an illustration of their theoretical framework. The thesis identifies a close interplay between power and the nation-state in all realists examined. Power plays a central role in each realist’s ontology and as such influences profoundly the way they conceptualised the nation-state. The latter can thus be approached as a manifestation of power which is unfixed in time. The realists examined approach the state as a historically conditioned entity. As such, it is argued that it is power that constitutes the core analytical category of realism rather than the state whose very conception is dependent upon that of power. In terms of the development of realism, a process of gradual narrowing down of the concept of power from classical to structural approaches is observed. The multifaceted conception of power advanced by early realists is abandoned in favour of an approach which understands power as material capabilities. While this approach is compatible with a scientific vision of politics as manifested after the second debate it reduces significantly realism’s analytical purchase both in understanding power and the nation-state. This is evident in the precarious balance that neorealists have to attain when theorising nationalism, the ideological corollary of the nation-state, which can more fully be accounted for by classical realists. Finally, by removing power from the field of epistemology, structural variants of realism lack the reflexivity of earlier realists and as such find it difficult to engage in foreign policy debates without compromising the core assumptions of their theory. The thesis is structured as follows: In the introduction, the thesis is put in the context of existing literature on realism and the way questions of power and the nation-state have been addressed in the past. Questions of methodology and selection of authors are also addressed in the introduction. The following four chapters are dedicated to analysing the theories of the selected realists. The concluding section summarises the findings and main argument of the thesis.
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Dumontet, Mathilde. "La refiguration de l’humain sur scène : Roger Blin ou l’art de l’entre-deux : étude des mises en scène par Roger Blin des pièces de Samuel Beckett et de Jean Genet (1953-1968)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20006/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat est issue d’un étonnement ressenti à la lecture de la réception critique des créations scéniques de Roger Blin quand il monte les pièces de Samuel Beckett et de Jean Genet. Malgré des interrogations sur la présence en scène d’êtres artificiels vidés de toute substance ainsi que sur un certain comique, la critique perçoit le jeu des acteurs comme naturel. Elle évoque à ce propos la création d’un « nouveau réalisme » ou d’un « nouveau théâtre », expressions qui supposent d’abord un renouveau dans la manière de figurer l’humain sur scène.Roger Blin, profondément marqué par les surréalistes et Antonin Artaud, cherche en effet à défendre un théâtre poétique et militant qui, tout en s’attaquant à la bourgeoisie et à ses codes de représentations, propose un être scénique hybride au croisement de diverses formes spectaculaires (marionnette, clown, cabaret, formes extrême-orientales, etc.). En cela, ses rencontres successives avec Beckett puis Genet, dont les pièces altèrent le personnage traditionnel et interrogent formellement la scène, lui permettent d’engager des compagnonnages fructueux. Dans la lignée du Cartel, il cherche en effet à révéler les mouvements profonds de l’oeuvre. Depuis la mise en scène invisible avec Beckett, jusqu’à la mise en scène visible avec Genet, Blin semble réclamer de la part de ses comédiens un jeu en équilibre entre monstration du faire théâtral et recherche de l’évidence littérale du geste et de la parole, ceci afin d’exposer la survivance d’une certaine tendresse humaine. Il semble en résulter un effet poétique puissant qui fait écho aux angoisses intimes des spectateurs, bouleversés par un contexte historique fort : les conséquences de la découverte des camps de concentration, de l’utilisation de la bombe atomique, et de la décolonisationThis PhD thesis originates from the surprise felt while reading critical receptions of Roger Blin’s stage creations of plays written by Samuel Beckett and Jean Genet. Though reflecting upon the presence on stage of artificial beings bereft of any substance and upon an established comic tone, the critics perceive the performance of the actors as natural. They point out the establishment of some “new realism” or “new theatre”, words that speculate in the first place a renewal in the way the human is figured on stage.Roger Blin, who had been deeply influenced by surrealists and Antonin Artaud, indeed stands up for a committed and poetic theatre that, all the while tackling the bourgeoisie and its codes, introduces on stage a hybrid creature that crosses various performance arts (puppet theatre, the clown, cabaret, far-eastern forms, etc.). In this respect, Blin’s repeated meetings with Beckett and Genet, whose plays distort classic characters and formally interrogate the stage, enable him to commit into fruitful companionships. In line with the Cartel, Blin tries to reveal the very essence of the oeuvre. From his invisible staging of Beckett’s plays to his visible staging of Genet’s plays, Blin seems to demand from his actors a balanced performance in between theatrical demonstration and a quest for the precise combination of gesture and words, in order to expose the persistence of some human kindness. This may trigger a powerful poetic effect that echoes the private anguishes of the members of the audience, facing a hard historical context: the consequences of discovering the concentration camps, of the use of the atomic bomb, and of the decolonisation process
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Spash, Clive L. "Policy analysis: Empiricism, social construction and realism." Österreichische Gesellschaft für Politikwissenschaft (ÖGPW), 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5783/1/Spash_2014_OZP_Policy%2Danalysis.pdf.
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In a recent article Ulrich Brand has discussed how best to perform policy analysis. I reflect upon the paper as an interdisciplinary researcher experienced in public policy problems and their analysis with a particular interest in the relationship between social, economic and environmental problems. At the centre of the paper is the contrast between two existing methodologies prevalent in political science and related disciplines. One is the rationalist approach, which takes on the character of a natural science, that believes in a fully knowable objective reality which can be observed by an independent investigator. The other is a strong social constructivist position called interpretative policy analysis (IPA), where knowledge and meaning become so intertwined as to make independence of the observer from the observed impossible and all knowledge highly subjective. Brand then offers his model as a way forward, but one that he closely associates with the latter. My contention is that policy analysis, and any way forward, needs to provide more of a transformative combination of elements from both approaches. Indeed I believe this is actually what Brand is doing.
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Khoury, Omar Fuad Ayyoub. "A theory of state behavior under threat the tragedy of domestic realism." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FKhoury.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Rafael Biermann, Abbas Kadhim. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-110). Also available in print.
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Lucas, Stephen 1985. "Virtual Stage: Merging Virtual Reality Technologies and Interactive Audio/Video." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984124/.
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Virtual Stage is a project to use Virtual Reality (VR) technology as an audiovisual performance interface. The depth of control, modularity of design, and user immersion aim to solve some of the representational problems in interactive audiovisual art and the control problems in digital musical instruments. Creating feedback between interaction and perception, the VR environment references the viewer's behavioral intuition developed in the real world, facilitating clarity in the understanding of artistic representation. The critical essay discusses of interactive behavior, game mechanics, interface implementations, and technical developments to express the structures and performance possibilities. This discussion uses Virtual Stage as an example with specific aesthetic and technical solutions, but addresses archetypal concerns in interactive audiovisual art. The creative documentation lists the interactive functions present in Virtual Stage as well as code reproductions of selected technical solutions. The included code excerpts document novel approaches to virtual reality implementation and acoustic physical modeling of musical instruments.
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Bormel, Sarah Debra. "Terror: the stage of reality a series of one-act plays." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27600.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Irfan, Orhan. "Offensive or Neoclassical Realism? How a Great Power Shapes Its Environment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446418.
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This thesis aims to shed light on the differences between offensive and a specific version of neoclassical realism on their expectations regarding how a great power shapes its environment. The neoclassical framework proposed in this work constitutes an independent variable captured by the polarity in the system, an intervening variable of state capacity, and a dependent variable of revisionist foreign policy. It is argued that along with multipolarity and bipolarity, there is a need to incorporate unipolarity in structural realist accounts. Analysed from this perspective, great powers feel high external pressure due to the nature of unipolarity, which diminishes the value of pure structural frameworks. In this respect, the incorporation of state-level factors provides more reliable analyses for explaining anxious great powers` strive for regional hegemony. As a result, neoclassical realism is better equipped to explain Russia`s revisionist foreign policy.
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Gomari-Luksch, Laleh. "Realism, rationalism and revolutionism in Iran's foreign policy : the West, the state and Islam." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13719.
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Iran's foreign policy is consistent and is fundamentally realist with a revolutionist vision while the means are rationalist is the central argument of this dissertation. I make use of the English Schools three traditions of realism, rationalism and revolutionism in analyzing the speeches of Iranian statesmen to identify the ways in which the dynamics of the three traditions have evolved since 1997 and what it means for interpreting the developments of Iran's foreign policy ventures. I utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in examining the speeches of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, the presidents since 1997. The quantitative method employs a customized software generating figures that represent the recurrence of realist, rationalist and revolutionist terminologies in all the documents downloaded from the official websites of the Iranian statesmen as well as the United Nations and select news agencies and affiliates. The quantitative phase of the analysis, meanwhile, carefully examined selected statements of the supreme leader and the presidents uncovering the foreign policy argumentations and justifications, which were studied alongside foreign policy actions and classified under the three traditions. The findings suggest that Iran's foreign policy is the same as in the other states of international society – it is consistent and dynamic. It is simultaneously realist, rationalist and revolutionist with each tradition serving a specific purpose, which cannot be disentangled from the other two.
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Berringer, Tatiana 1984. "Estado e relações internacionais = uma comparação crítica entre Hans Morgenthau e Nicos Poulantzas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281712.
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Orientador: Armando Boito JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T04:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berringer_Tatiana_M.pdf: 912919 bytes, checksum: a949724b5220b0b3f1bef038dc9eb100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem por objeto o Estado e o papel desta instituição nas relações internacionais. Buscaremos comparar criticamente a concepção de Estado utilizada por Hans Morgenthau, autor consagrado pioneiro da teoria realista das relações internacionais, com a teoria de Estado marxista sistematizada por Nicos Poulantzas em Poder Político e Classes Sociais (1968). A particularidade deste trabalho reside em identificar o conceito de Estado utilizado pelo realismo, visto que esta corrente preconiza a centralidade desta categoria aos estudos de relações internacionais sem se ocupar em defini-lo claramente. Defenderemos o conceito marxista de Estado e outro conjunto de problemas para a teoria das relações internacionais. Para Morgenthau, o Estado é o representante do ?interesse nacional?, cuja legitimação está baseada na defesa e segurança do território, frente aos demais Estados e no equilíbrio de justiça entre os grupos de interesse. Concomitantemente, afirma que somente alguns indivíduos estão aptos a representar o Estado na cena internacional. O marxismo entende que o discurso de Morgenthau está confinado na superfície do fenômeno estudado; que Morgenthau toma o Estado pelo que esse diz ser, e não, realmente, pelo que o Estado, de fato é. Para Poulantzas, o Estado capitalista se distingue dos demais tipos de Estado porque a dominação política de classe não se mostra visivelmente nas suas instituições. A estrutura jurídico-política formada pelo direito capitalista e pelo burocratismo confere a ideia de instituições universais e uma igualdade formal aos cidadãos, sob estas estruturas constrói-se ideologicamente a representação da unidade do povo-nação. A função global do Estado é ser o fator de coesão de uma sociedade dividida em classes sociais, esteorganiza e unifica as frações das classes dominantes no bloco no poder. O Estado é uma arena de disputa entre as frações e classes dominantes. Diante disso, a política externa não corresponde simplesmente ao interesse nacional, mas sim, aos interesses das classes ou frações hegemônicas do bloco no poder, ou de alianças entre as classes, que por sua vez apresentam-se como interesses gerais da nação
Abstract: This work aims the analysis of the concept of State and the function of this institution in international relations. It seeks critically compare the concept of the state used by Hans Morgenthau, acclaimed author of the realist theory of international relations, with the marxist theory of the state systematized by Nicos Poulantzas in Power Politic and Social Classes (1968). The particularity of this work lies in identifying the concept of the state used by realism, since this theory printed the centrality of this category of the studies of international relations but did not concern to define it clearly. We will defend the Marxist concept of the State and other set of problems for the theory of international relations. To Morgenthau, the state is the representative of the ?national interest?, whose legitimacy is based on defense and security of the territory and the justice between the groups of interest. Concurrently, he says that only some individuals are able to represent the state in international scene. Marxism believes that the Morgenthau's speech is confined to the surface of phenomenon studied, that Morgenthau takes the State as it is being said, not really, of what the state actually is. For Poulantzas, the capitalist state is distinguished from other types of State because the political class domination does not appear visibly in their institutions. The legal-political structure formed by capitalist law and the bureaucracy give the idea of universal institutions and citizen's formal equality under these structures is constructed ideologically for the representation of the unity of people-nation. The global function of the state is to be the cohesive factor of a society divided by social classes; it organizes the power in bloc. The state is an arena of dispute between the fraction and the ruling classes. The foreign policy reflects the dominant class interests and is configured by the fractions conflicts and the alliance between the classes or fractions, which in turn present themselves as general interests of nation
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política
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Hunter, Jesse. "The virtual stage : play, drama, and agency in communications." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42057.
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This dissertation responds to a recent zeitgeist and climate of controversy surrounding issues of "virtuality" and "simulation" Such terms are treated as problematic and essentially contested when framed in reference to notions of a fixed observable "reality" rather than considered in terms of socially constructed facts, relationships and identities. The concept of the "virtual stage" advanced in this thesis, refers to the current historical moment in communications technology development as well as to the dramaturgical perspective which informs the theoretical approach and argument.In this dissertation, virtual reality is treated not as a single technology or corpus of machines, but following conventions established in recent telepresence research as an experience which can obtain in varying degrees by means of a host of communications media.
Several complementary approaches are proposed and examined as a provisional framework for the study of emerging contemporary discourses of virtuality. Issues of virtuality are discussed from the perspective of historical cases which invite comparison and suggest a palimpsest of earlier technological modes of communication within contemporary situations. The social construction of technology approach is introduced following recent suggestions for marrying this approach to the Canadian tradition of socio-historical study of communication technology. Finally, play and dramaturgical theory are offered as a model for understanding how community and individual identity are constructed and maintained in some forms of computer mediated communication (video games, MUDs, and IRC) while allowing for potentially plausible notions of human agency.
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Marin, Jonathan. "The effects of gender, current mood state, and expectancy style on the depressive realism phenomenon /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251887051&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Byers, Mary Hannah. "The rise of socialist realism in the exhibitions of the State Tret'iakov Gallery 1924-1934." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410634.
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Using the State Tret'iakov Gallery as a model, this thesis examines the way in which museum exhibitions and displays between 1924 and 1934 reflected the new Marxist history of Russian Art and the Marxist conception of art installation, developed in the late twenties by the Gallery. These exhibitions, with their Marxist content and design were critical in helping to formulate the Soviet style. In addition, this thesis argues that the theory and practice of Socialist Realism were gradually assumed by the government only after the movement's tenets had been developed by others. Of particular importance were contemporary exhibitions addressing Socialist themes staged by the Gallery. The Gallery also promoted the work of amateur artists whose style and subject matter was thought to more accurately reflect the will of the people than that of professionally trained artists. These studies are based on material in the Gallery archives and include original and unpublished photographs of contemporary exhibitions hitherto unknown. Conclusions are discussed with regard to new and recent interpretations
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Billaut, Manon. "André Antoine, metteur en scène de la réalité. Une expérimentation appliquée au cinéma (1915-1928)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA170.
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Célèbre dans l’histoire du théâtre pour avoir fondé en 1887 le Théâtre-Libre et ainsi révolutionné la mise en scène moderne, André Antoine a consacré la dernière partie de sa vie au cinéma, tournant huit films entre 1915 et 1922 pour la Société cinématographique des auteurs et gens de lettres, puis pour la Société d’éditions cinématographiques, avant de se consacrer à la critique, dramatique et cinématographique, dans plusieurs journaux. Cette dernière partie de sa vie laissa peu de traces dans l’histoire du cinéma et ses films, comme ses critiques et textes théoriques sur le cinéma, sont encore méconnus. Inspiré par les théories naturalistes d’Émile Zola, Antoine appliqua au nouvel art une méthode rigoureuse reposant sur l’expérience du milieu. Il se heurta ainsi aux tendances avant-gardistes qui gagnèrent le cinéma au début des années 1920. Or, c’est l’intérêt de cette valeur expérimentale de son cinéma, où priment la recherche, l’observation et l’expérience, que cette thèse met en lumière, en montrant les réseaux de convergence entre la méthode singulière d’Antoine et les pratiques et discours qui animèrent le cinéma au tournant de la Première Guerre mondiale, moment clef de sa légitimation en tant qu’art. Cette étude repose sur une analyse approfondie des films d’Antoine, de ses archives personnelles, des archives de production, et des nombreux écrits qu’il a produits sur le cinéma, entre 1915 et 1928, année de rupture dans un combat pour la reconnaissance de l’auteur de film qui opposa le metteur en scène aux cinéastes de la Première vagueAndré Antoine’s place in theatre history is earned through his 1887 founding of the Théâtre-Libre and revolutionizing of modern mise en scène, but it is cinema that occupied the last part of his life as he made eight films between 1915 and 1922 for the Société cinématographique des auteurs et gens de lettres (“Film Society of Authors and Men of Letters”) and then for the Société d’éditions cinématographiques (“Society of Film Editions”), before devoting himself to theatre and film critic in several newspapers. These late years left few traces in film history, and both his films and his critical and theoretical writings remain largely unknown. Inspired by Emile Zola’s naturalist theories, Antoine took to the new art form a rigorous method based on the experience of environment. He clashed with avant-garde trends which were making their way to cinema in the early 1920s. This thesis highlights the experimental value of Antoine’s cinema, which gives a special role to research, observation and experience, by demonstrating the convergence of his special method with practices and discourse animating cinema at the turn of the World War I, a key moment of its legitimation as an art form. This study is based on in-depth analysis of Antoine’s films, his personal archives, production notes, as well as numerous texts he wrote on cinema between 1915 and 1928, the climactic year in the struggle for authorship recognition between Antoine and filmmakers of the First avant-garde
21
Threatt, Patrick Lee. "Natural hazards in Mississippi regional perceptions and reality /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11092007-145929.
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LEITE, IARA COSTA. "THE REALIST EPIC REVISITED: DECONSTRUCTING THE STATE OF NATURE AS A DISCIPLINE TRADITION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5228@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO propósito desta dissertação é desconsagrar o caráter heróico que a obra de Hobbes assumiu para os estudantes de relações internacionais ao ter sido enquadrada - junto às de Tucídides, Maquiavel, Rousseau, Hegel e etc. - na histórica épica realista. Veremos, no primeiro capítulo, que a subsunção do filósofo à tradição realista é raramente questionada, mesmo pelos críticos das concepções veiculadas por essa tradição. O nome de Hobbes permanece, em grande medida, associado à analogia entre anarquia internacional e estado de natureza. No segundo capítulo, deixaremos em evidência a confluência dos elementos do estado de natureza hobbesiano para a descrição/explicação da política internacional levada a cabo pelos ilustres expoentes do realismo, Hans Morgenthau e Kenneth Waltz. Por último, resgataremos o caráter hipotético do modelo de estado de natureza, dando ênfase especial ao reconhecimento de Hobbes à limitação de seu reducionismo motivacional para a descrição da realidade. Também, partindo do pressuposto de que a dicotomia interno-externo era inexistente na época de Hobbes, exploraremos, a partir de sua obra, o argumento de que a paz internacional estaria diretamente relacionada à resolução do problema da ordem nas sociedades domésticas.
The purpose of this dissertation is to deconsecrate the heroic status that international relations students have attached to Hobbes`s texts - an attachment that results from their inclusion, together with texts by Thucydides, Machiavelli, Rousseau and Hegel, in a realist epic history. In the first chapter, we will see that the subsuming of the philosopher under the realist tradition is rarely questioned, even by the critics of the conceptions endorsed by it. The name of Hobbes remains, in a large extent, associated to the analogy between international anarchy and the state of nature. In the second chapter, we`ll clarify the confluence from the elements of the hobbesian state of nature to the description/explanation of international politics elaborated by the two of realism`s remarkable exponents: Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz. For last, we`ll bring to light the hypothetical status of the state of nature model, emphasizing the fact that Hobbes himself recognized the limitation of its motivational reductionism to the description of reality. Also, having taken as a premise the fact that the dichotomy inside/outside did not exist in Hobbes`s time, we`ll explore the argument that international peace would be directly associated to the resolution of the problem of order in domestic societies.
23
Makarenko, Tamara. "The crime-terror continuum : modelling 21st century security dynamics." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/d4300e92-aede-405d-9ee4-fa7d503ed62e.
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The main aim of this thesis is to introduce a new way of thinking about security within International Relations by developing a model that can be used to explain the relationship between terrorism and organised crime. Referred to as the crime-terror continuum (CTC), the model identifies six major points of convergence between the terrorist and criminal worlds. The crime-terror continuum seeks to move away from the traditional confines of International Relations as encapsulated within realist thought. After providing an overview of the limitations of traditional theories, and a working definition of terrorism and organised crime, this thesis applies an alternative conceptual framework - based on a combination of applicable assumptions about security presented by the Copenhagen School, Ken Booth and Mohammed Ayoob - to an understanding of the threats posed by terrorism and organised crime. It also incorporates the understanding of the contemporary security environment provided by the globalisation and netwar proto-paradigms as a way to go beyond debates about concepts by seeking to understand the operational and organisational dynamics of contemporary security threats. Paying special attention to the argument that non-state actors can be equal to state actors in the security domain, this thesis highlights that competition over state functions and territory continues to play an integral role. The alternative view of security and the CTC are subsequently applied to two case studies: Russian Organised Crime and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. Despite illustrating different aspects of the CTC, these case studies highlight the ability of the conceptual framework and the CTC to explain and understand the post-Cold War security environment.
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Sutherland, Elisabeth Ainsley. "Staged empathy : empathy and visual perception in virtual reality systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97998.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 102-107).
This thesis proposes staged empathy as a new analytical framework to examine how virtual reality work provokes empathic feeling. Virtual reality has seen renewed interest in recent years, and has been hailed by journalists and practitioners as an "empathy machine'. This characterization is informal and assumes that feelings of presence and a first-person perspective alone will drive empathic feeling. A critical method for analyzing how virtual reality work engages with the concept of empathy (specifically defined as "inner imitation for the purpose of gaining knowledge of another") does not exist. This thesis reviews the intellectual history of empathy (prior to the diversification of the term in social psychology to refer to a host of social behaviors) to derive a theoretical foundation to staged empathy A staged empathy framework foregrounds process and reflexivity, innate aspects of empathizing, and introduces an externalized and performed model for empathizing that is facilitated by virtual reality. To construct this framework, a variety of contemporary virtual reality works are studied which suggest the emergence of specific techniques that are referred to in this thesis as "intentional looking" and "direct address". Applying theories of affordances and revealed phantasms from environmental philosophy and cultural computing to these techniques, staged empathy provides a framework for the analysis of virtual reality work that is sensitive to the new potentials of the medium as well as the limitations of empathy.
by Elisabeth Ainsley Sutherland.
S.M.
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Ke, Zhang. "Using Augmented-Reality for Visualizing a Social Robot’s Internal State." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288144.
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Humans are very good at conveying when something is lost or misinterpreted in communication by using social cues like facial expressions or changes in prosody. However, these methods are usually not applicable for most robots, which are appearance constrained and vocality constrained. This is also one of the key factors that restrain the efficiency of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). In this project, we explore a novel paradigm for enhancing the perception of the robot’s internal states using augmented reality (AR). A series of visualization interfaces augmenting either the environment, robot, or target object are implemented and evaluated through a user study. We found that AR visualization improved efficiency and motion predictability over a control group in which there is no visualization. The project shows not only the potential of AR visualizing as a bridge coordinating human and robot, but also a promising future of applications visualising robot’s internal states.Människor är mycket bra på att förmedla när något går förlorat eller tolkas felaktigt i kommunikationen genom att använda sociala ledtrådar som ansiktsuttryck eller förändringar i prosodi. Dessa metoder är dock vanligtvis inte tillämpliga för de flesta robotar, vilka är begränsade till utseendet och begränsad vokalitet. Detta är också en av nyckelfaktorerna som begränsar effektiviteten i Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). I detta projekt utforskar vi ett nytt paradigm för att förbättra uppfattningen om robotens interna tillstånd med hjälp av augmented reality (AR). En serie visualiseringsgränssnitt som förstärker antingen miljön, roboten eller målobjektet implementeras och utvärderas genom en användarstudie. Vi fann att AR-visualisering förbättrade effektiviteten och rörelsesförutsägbarheten över en kontrollgrupp där det inte finns någon visualisering. Projektet visar inte bara potentialen för AR- visualisering som en bro som koordinerar människa och robot utan också en lovande framtid för applikationer som visualiserar robotens interna tillstånd.
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Arabi, Ahmad. "Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State” : en studie av den konsociala maktdelningen i Libanon och dess konsekvenser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173130.
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Lebanon is seen as a failed state by the international community and this study aims to look at the causes that have made Lebanon dysfunctional. The study uses Andrej Lijpharts consociational power sharing model and the international relations theory realism to analyse the internal and external causes that have made Lebanon a failed state. The study is based on interviews from the three major sects in Lebanon and a text analysis. The study shows that Lebanon is suffering from a corrupt elite that uses the state institutions to benefit their own families. The elite uses clientelism by manipulating consociational power sharing to make the ethnoreligious groups dependant on the elite’s own success. Different regional and international powers use Lebanon in their struggle for power and dominance over the Middle East. The external actors support different ethnic and religious groups by financing and arming them. That in turn deepens the divide between the sectarian groups and hinders the political progress.
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Conti, Guiseppe. "A VR system for the early stages of the design process in architecture." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23480.
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Jones, James Adam. "Egocentric depth perception in optical see-through augmented reality." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07062007-002245.
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Högnäs, Ylva, and Minja Lendahl. "Augmented Reality : How it influences customer experience." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355167.
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Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a new interactive technology that enables marketers to craft an immersive experience for customers. The technology complaints the physical environment with virtual objects, and thus have the unique power to put the (virtual) product in the hands of the consumer. This provides marketers with a new option for reaching out and engaging with customers. Although the AR market is estimated to grow exponentially by the year 2023, little is known about how AR-applications on smart devices influence customer experience. This thesis addresses the research gap by exploring how IKEA Place, an AR-application, influences customer experience. By using a conceptual framework of online customer experience we explore how different antecedents influence the experience with AR. Furthermore, the study also highlight the differences between a website and an AR-application, and thus give a more nuanced understanding about AR. As the majority of the research on AR-technology has a quantitative approach, this study was done through a qualitative study using a quasi-experimental design. The empirical result indicates that aesthetics, ease-of-use, telepresence and assortment influence customer experience extensively. Moreover, the result also suggests that hedonic value influences the augmented experience more than the utilitarian, and thus customers do not perceive the application to fulfil their utility needs.
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Apar, Altan. "A Constructivist Criticism Of Neo-realist Conception Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611013/index.pdf.
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The thesis makes a constructivist criticism of neo-realism&rsquos particular conceptualization of state through a comparative analysis of Turkey&rsquo
s five motions (2003-2007) on military involvement in Iraq. Firstly, neo-realism and constructivism with regards to the concept of state are explored. Then, through the lights of the theoretical discussion, Turkey&rsquo
s five military motions are examined. In the case study, parliamentary minutes are used as the primary historical evidences. In the parliamentary discussions, three themes appeared significant-&ldquo
institutional identity&rdquo
, &ldquo
legitimacy&rdquo
and &ldquo
interest&rdquo
- which provided the ground for a constructivist criticism of neo-realist understanding of state. These three themes obtained from the discussions are tapped under four major topics which have been the main issues for the constructivists: &ldquo
agency&rdquo
, &ldquo
norms&rdquo
, &ldquo
identity&rdquo
and &ldquo
interest&rdquo
. Thesis argues that foreign policy behavior is a political product and &ldquo
state&rdquo
is a social actor whose behavior can only be understood from the social, cultural and historical context in which the state-society relations are embedded. Hence, for the purpose of making a structural analysis, separation of the domestic and the international realm of state is a fallacy with which neo-realism is badly plagued. Constructivism, on the other hand, has the potential to bridge this gap and understand the foreign policy behavior of states more accurately since it gives credence to the inner diversity of states through problematizing the ideational elements in foreign policy making and in international politics.
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Hajatpour, Reza. "Iranische Geistlichkeit zwischen Utopie und Realismus zum Diskurs über Herrschafts- und Staatsdenken im 20. Jh. /." Wiesbaden : Reichert, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52308022.html.
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Lee, Corina Yuan Shiu. "Towards an architecture of reality." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53325.
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Ginty, Michael F. "North Korea the reality of a rogue state in the international order." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FGinty.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Anne L. Clunan, Edward A. Olsen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-66). Also available online.
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Boshoff, Willem Hendrik. "Political reality of local government service provision in the Free State Province." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/133.
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Thesis (D. Tech.(Public Management)) -- Central University of Technology, free State, 2011The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, No. 108 of 1996 (SA, 1996) brought about a new system of government comprised of the national, provincial and local government spheres. In terms of the Constitution, these spheres of government must establish effective, transparent and accountable government. Local government is specifically responsible for the provision of democratic and accountable government to local communities, and for ensuring that municipal services are rendered to the community. As in the case of the national and provincial spheres of government, local government has a distinctive political nature and character. Councillors are elected to represent the voters who participate in municipal elections, as well as the relevant political parties, on municipal councils. The decisions of municipal councils are influenced by political considerations, as well as by the policy directives of the ruling party. The Constitution also establishes and describes the various governmental bodies that exercise the powers of the state. These governmental bodies represent the state and can be classified in terms of three primary groups, namely legislative, executive and legal structures. In a bona fide democracy, the doctrine of separation of powers, also known as the trias politica, is of fundamental importance in order to prevent autocracy and ensure civil liberty. The provision of viable municipal services is the most crucial reason for the existence of local government. The community has a legitimate expectation with regard to the provision of appropriate municipal services; and in terms of the Municipal Systems Act, No. 32 of 2000 (SA, 2000c) municipalities must supply basic municipal services in order to ensure an acceptable quality of life. However, inadequate levels of municipal service provision are encountered in South Africa in general, and in the Free State in particular. Such inadequate service provision has led to several violent community-protest actions in the country. These protests are an indication that municipal service provision does not meet the expectations of the communities. Various factors tend to have a negative effect on local government in the Free State, including capacity shortages, such as the lack of professional and experienced staff; financial shortages; and the extensive quantity and complexity of local government legislation. Political challenges that influence local government service provision include factors such as the absence of the political will to provide services, political in-fighting within the ruling party, the selection criteria for the appointment of municipal employees, and political interference in municipal administration. It is also essential that the ruling party should put acceptable mechanisms in place to ensure that the public sector becomes an effective instrument for carrying out the ruling party‟s mandate, rather than allowing political interference to affect the day-to-day activities of government. In order to meet the needs of the community with regard to service provision, it is essential that the three spheres of government should function as a coherent unit. Intergovernmental relations therefore play a central role in ensuring that the joint functions of government are effectively carried out. The national and provincial departments have a specific responsibility to support and strengthen local government capacity, and also to ensure the effective execution of municipal functions. However, various intergovernmental challenges need to be dealt with, namely ineffective co-ordination and integration, as well as the absence of the political will to promote intergovernmental relations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify specific actions and strategies that can be implemented by the government in order to address the challenges that have a negative influence on local government service provision, with specific reference to the political challenges.
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Wusk, Grace Caroline. "Psychophysiological Monitoring of Crew State for Extravehicular Activity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103386.
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A spacewalk, or extravehicular activity (EVA), is one of the most mission critical and physically and cognitively challenging tasks that crewmembers complete. With next-generation missions to the Moon and Mars, exploration EVA will challenge crewmembers in partial gravity environments with increased frequency, duration, and autonomy of operations. Given the distance from Earth, associated communication delays, and durations of exploration missions, there is a monumental shift in responsibility and authority taking place in spaceflight; moving from Earth-dependent to crew self-reliant. For the safety, efficacy, and efficiency of future surface EVAs, there is a need to better understand crew health and performance. With this knowledge, technology and operations can be designed to better support future crew autonomy.
The focus of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate a psychophysiological monitoring tool to classify cognitive workload during an operationally relevant EVA task. This was completed by compiling a sensor suite of commercial wearable devices to record physiological signals in two human research studies, one at Virginia Tech and one at NASA Johnson Space Center. The approach employs supervised machine learning to recognize patterns in psychophysiological features across different psychological states. This relies on the ability to simulate, or induce, cognitive workload in order to label data for training the model. A virtual reality (VR) Translation Task was developed to control and quantify cognitive demands during an immersive, ambulatory EVA scenario. Participants walked on a passive treadmill while wearing a VR headset to move along a virtual lunar surface. They walked with constraints on time and resources, while simultaneously identifying and recalling waypoints in the scene. Psychophysiological features were extracted and labeled according to the task demands, i.e. high or low cognitive workload, for the novel Translation Task, as well as for the benchmark Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB). Predictive models were created using the K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm.
The contributions of this dissertation span the simulation, characterization, and modeling of cognitive state. Ultimately, this work tests the limits of extending laboratory psychophysiological monitoring to more realistic environments using wearable devices, and of generalizing predictive models across participants, times, and tasks. This work paves the way for future field studies and real-time implementation to close the loop between human and automation.Doctor of Philosophy
A spacewalk is one of the most important and physically and mentally challenging tasks that astronauts complete. With next-generation missions to the Moon and Mars, exploration spacewalks will challenge astronauts in reduced-weight environments (1/6 and 1/3 Earth's gravity) with longer, more frequent spacewalks and with less help from mission control. To keep astronauts safe while exploring there is a need to better understand astronaut health and performance (physical and mental) during spacewalks. With knowledge of how astronauts will respond to high workload and stressful events, we can plan missions and design tools that can best assist them during spacewalks on the Moon and Mars when help from Earth mission control is limited. Traditional tools of quantifying mental state are not suitable for real-time assessment during spacewalks. Current methods, including subjective surveys and performance-based computer tests, require time and attention to complete and cannot assess real-time operations. The focus of this dissertation is to create a psychophysiological monitoring tool to measure mental workload during a virtual reality (VR) spacewalk. Psychophysiological monitoring uses physiological measures, like heart rate and breathing rate, to predict psychological state, like high workload or stress. Physiological signals were recorded using commercial wearable devices in two human research studies, one at Virginia Tech and one at NASA Johnson Space Center. With machine learning, computer models can be trained to recognize patterns in physiological measures for different psychological states. Once a model is trained, it can be tested on new data to predict mental workload. To train and test the models, participants in the studies completed high and low workload versions of the VR task. The VR task was specifically designed for this study to simulate and measure performance during a mentally-challenging spacewalk scenario. The participants walked at their own pace on a treadmill while wearing a VR headset to move along a virtual lunar surface, while balancing their time and resources. They were also responsible for identifying and recalling flags along their virtual path. Ultimately, this work tests the limits of extending laboratory psychophysiological monitoring to more realistic environments using wearable devices, and of generalizing predictive models across participants, times, and tasks. This work paves the way for future field studies and real-time implementation to close the loop between human and automation.
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Gomari-Luksch, Laleh [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Diez. "Realism, Rationalism and Revolutionism in Iran’s Foreign Policy : The West, the State and Islam / Laleh Gomari-Luksch ; Betreuer: Thomas Diez." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1199355224/34.
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Kirkman, Ann. "Rights in state and society : rhetoric and reality for refugees in contemporary South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369616.
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Tapper, Viva Jane. "Transforming personal reality : a descriptive study of the experiences of women diagnosed initially with advanced stage breast cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7247.
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Wu, Tinghao. "Reliability and validity of Virtual Build methodology for ergonomics analyses." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
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Del, Rosso Jared. "The Reality of Torture: Congress and the Construction of a Political Fact." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104402.
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Thesis advisor: Stephen J. PfohlExisting studies of governmental responses to human rights allegations emphasize the rhetorical forms that official claims take at the expense of demonstrating how contextual factors influence discourse. Analytically, this dissertation accounts for these factors by theorizing and analyzing how knowledge and culture operate in American political discourse of torture. Drawing on a qualitative content and discourse analysis of 40 congressional hearings, held between 2003 and 2008, this dissertation documents a transition in American politics from a discourse of denial, which downplayed allegations of abuse and torture, to a discourse of acknowledgment, which criticized the Bush administration's interrogation policies on the grounds that the policies permitted torture and undermined U.S. interests. By situating this transition within its institutional and political context, this study examines the influence of documentary evidence of torture, interpretive frames in which American officials situated that evidence, and political power as expressed in control over congressional committees on political discourse. Between 2003 and 2008, a significant volume of documentary evidence of violence against detainees in U.S. custody entered public discourse. Typically, shifts in congressional discourse followed the release of official, documentary evidence produced by government sources, such as military police or FBI agents, that provided first-hand or localized portrayals of abuse and torture at U.S. detention facilities. Such documents, including the photographs taken at Abu Ghraib prison and FBI emails documenting torture at Guantánamo, secured a "reality" of violence that members of Congress found difficult to rationalize as legitimate state violence. This difficulty stems, in part, from the fact that localized portrayals of interpersonal violence frequently capture the excesses of that violence--the irrationality, sadism, and innovations in cruelty of torturers and the vulnerabilities of sufferers of torture. Significantly, though, the political meaning of documentary evidence derives from the interpretive frames in which it is situated. Between 2003 and 2008, "human rights" and the "rule of law" became increasingly available as interpretive frames for the political debate over detention and interrogation. This development resulted from several changes in the political environment, including the Bush administration's mobilization of human rights to legitimize the Iraq war and the Supreme Court's rulings on cases involving detainees. The Democrat's mid-term victory in 2006, which won Democrats control over both the House of Representatives and Senate, also profoundly influenced political discourse. Democrats used congressional committees to pursue broad, reflective hearings on the Bush administration's detention and interrogation policies. By inviting legal scholars and representatives of human rights organizations to speak about the policies, the Committees further elevated human rights and the rule of law in the debate about torture. Given these developments, a critical discourse of torture gradually emerged and solidified. This discourse labeled American interrogation practices--known to their supporters as "enhanced interrogation"--as torture and linked their use to significant and negative global consequences for the U.S
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Gellée, Brigitte. "Le stage hospitalier des internes de médecine générale d'Aquitaine, à partir d'une enquête réalisée pour les années 1985/1986 et 1986/1987." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25027.
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Sordi, Valentina. "A STATE IN THE STATE : THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL AGENTS IN THE DESTATALIZATION PROCESS: THE CASE OF MALI." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30721.
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The thesis focuses on the current Malian situation, that observed a severe penetration of jihadist groups (transnational agents), and attempts to understand this phenomenon in accordance with a theoretical framework that accounts for the crisis of the concept of Westphalian state in contemporary international panorama. The analysis is structured on two levels, investigating the structural issues and the political and social mutations, both on the regional and on the state dimension.
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Hyvönen, Joni. "Ett brev från Herr P : om det personliga hos Björn Lövin." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21584.
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For the Swedish artist Björn Lövin, the personal was a problem. In his first exhibition in Moderna Museet, Lövin observed through the fictitious character Mr. P (for »Personality«) the ruptures in the Swedish welfare state. The exhibition Konsument i oändligheten och Herr P:s penningar (Consumer in Infinity and Mr. P’s Money) (1971) was composed of two environments, through which a veridical working class apartment and a high street with life-sized mannequins and furniture characteristic of its time, visualized the societal discrepancies in the welfare state as well as the art world of the early 1970s. Lövin was as much a dystopian observer as a utopian thinker, where art must, according to him, engage the whole of society, and in essence change reality rather than act upon aesthetic experience. The personal is always contemporary, this essay argues. It concerns a question about the now, what Michel Foucault called »the ontology of actuality«, which means that, for Lövin, art must engage in the historical and critical questioning on how the present is configured, in its blind spots and hidden potentialities. Here, another element in the exhibition foregrounds the ontological questioning of the now: the fact that the two environments were designed as archaeological excavations in the future, representing an era before a catastrophic event. Lövin challenged us to look upon our times as if struck with amnesia. This remarkable displacement of perspective makes it possible for Lövin to not only reveal the inherent contradictions in the social conditions of the 1970s, through the harsh conditions that Mr. P represents, but to regard potentially everything, the consumer culture and all ephemeral expressions of our society – through the eyes of the future scientists – as art. Challenging the problematic notions of persona, socially determined beings or citizens, we are guided by Lövin, in a way that is not unusual of his time, to look upon »the art of the people« as synonymous with »the life of the people«. In this essay, which is one of the first in-depth analysis of Lövin, who Lars Nittve has called »the creator of some of the most important Swedish exhibitions in the last decades«, the allegorical meaning of »the art of the people« is seen as the nexus where the personal is pushed through its boundaries, to its ostensibly opposite meaning, the impersonal, in which a social utopia of the now emerges.
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Lewis-Lorentz, Alexandra J. "From Gannagaro to Ganondagan : a process and reality of Seneca-Iroquois identity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15469.
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Schrefer, Justin P. "Path Dependencies and Unintended Consequences: A Case Study of Britain's Entry into the European Community." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001543.
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Tuzuner, Musa. "The state-level determinants of the United States' international intelligence cooperation." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1246699828.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Advisor: Andrew S. Barnes. Keywords: Intelligence Behavior; TABARI; Event Data; International Intelligence Cooperation; Realism and Liberalism; Terrorism; Intelligence Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-168)
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Hamza-Lup, Felix George. "DYNAMIC SHARED STATE MAINTENANCE IN DISTRIBUTED VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4407.
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Advances in computer networks and rendering systems facilitate the creation of distributed collaborative environments in which the distribution of information at remote locations allows efficient communication. Particularly challenging are distributed interactive Virtual Environments (VE) that allow knowledge sharing through 3D information. In a distributed interactive VE the dynamic shared state represents the changing information that multiple machines must maintain about the shared virtual components. One of the challenges in such environments is maintaining a consistent view of the dynamic shared state in the presence of inevitable network latency and jitter. A consistent view of the shared scene will significantly increase the sense of presence among participants and facilitate their interactive collaboration. The purpose of this work is to address the problem of latency in distributed interactive VE and to develop a conceptual model for consistency maintenance in these environments based on the participant interaction model. A review of the literature illustrates that the techniques for consistency maintenance in distributed Virtual Reality (VR) environments can be roughly grouped into three categories: centralized information management, prediction through dead reckoning algorithms, and frequent state regeneration. Additional resource management methods can be applied across these techniques for shared state consistency improvement. Some of these techniques are related to the systems infrastructure, others are related to the human nature of the participants (e.g., human perceptual limitations, area of interest management, and visual and temporal perception). An area that needs to be explored is the relationship between the dynamic shared state and the interaction with the virtual entities present in the shared scene. Mixed Reality (MR) and VR environments must bring the human participant interaction into the loop through a wide range of electronic motion sensors, and haptic devices. Part of the work presented here defines a novel criterion for categorization of distributed interactive VE and introduces, as well as analyzes, an adaptive synchronization algorithm for consistency maintenance in such environments. As part of the work, a distributed interactive Augmented Reality (AR) testbed and the algorithm implementation details are presented. Currently the testbed is part of several research efforts at the Optical Diagnostics and Applications Laboratory including 3D visualization applications using custom built head-mounted displays (HMDs) with optical motion tracking and a medical training prototype for endotracheal intubation and medical prognostics. An objective method using quaternion calculus is applied for the algorithm assessment. In spite of significant network latency, results show that the dynamic shared state can be maintained consistent at multiple remotely located sites. In further consideration of the latency problems and in the light of the current trends in interactive distributed VE applications, we propose a hybrid distributed system architecture for sensor-based distributed VE that has the potential to improve the system real-time behavior and scalability.Ph.D.
School of Computer Science;
Engineering and Computer Science;
Engineering and Computer Science
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Åhlander, Viktor. "Familjeframställningen i en tid av socialistisk realism : En tematisk och komparativ studie av Platonovs verk Bessmertie, Fro och Vozvraščenie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297493.
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This master thesis is thematically treating three short stories of Andrey Platonov: Bessmertie, Fro and Vozvraščenie. The purpose is to examine how Platonov presents the Soviet family and to what extent it fits the Soviet family politics. The family portraits are analysed in comparison with the guiding principles of the doctrine of Socialist Realism with the trends of Socialist Realism and family policy of the time into consideration. The first part describes Platonov’s life, the Socialist Realism, and the family policies of the Soviet Union. It also discusses how the influences of the time could have affected the author’s later works. The second part consists of an analysis of the three short stories mentioned above. The conclusion is that there is an opposition between the task of working and family life in the stories. Despite the fact that Platonov problematizes this opposition, there are few signs that he writes with an intended direct opposition towards the Soviet power or censorship. The themes of his stories are instead in fact following the development of contemporary family politics, and that is a development with a Soviet family that is “withering away”.Min examen är från Masterprogrammet i språk. Programmet finns inte med under kategorin "Utbildningsprogram".
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Rice, Jeffrey. "The State of European Defence Policy and the Value(s) of Intervention." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20245.
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European security and defence policy has developed at a significant rate since the late 1990s. As a growing field of analysis, there have been few studies to date that have explored the foreign and domestic implications of the European Union's emerging security and defence policies. This thesis seeks to assess the quality and effectiveness of the present day defence policies of the European Union through an examination of its commitment to civilian and military missions abroad. In so doing, this thesis suggests that these missions stem from a misguided belief that the promotion of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law beyond its border is the most effective means by which to achieve security within Europe. This thesis concludes that the economic and political tools available to the European Union provide a better means by which to ensure security in Europe and around the world.
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Pereira, Liphie. "A critical realist exploration of the implementation of a new curriculum in Swaziland." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003365.
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This study offers an in-depth exploration of the conditions from which the implementation of a curriculum called the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), later localised into Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education (SGCSE), emerged and the constraining and enabling conditions for the implementation of the new I/SGCSE curriculum. It derives its theoretical foundation from Roy Bhaskar’s critical realism and Margaret Archer’s concept of analytical separability. The study therefore offers explanations about the curriculum change and its implementation that are based on how structural, cultural, and agential mechanisms operating at a deeper level of reality (the intransitive layer of reality or the domain of the real) and existing independently of what we see, know or believe of them (the transitive layer of reality or domains of the actual and empirical) interacted to condition the emergence of I/SGCSE and the way it is implemented. I conduct a critical discourse analysis of relevant literature, I/SGCSE documents and interview data in order to identify those mechanisms that were cultural and also those that were structural and agential. Bernstein’s concepts of classification and framing are used to analyse observation data in order to explore the influence of these mechanisms on the teaching practices of the teachers who took part in the study. Analysis of the data suggests that the change from General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (GCE O-level) to I/SGCSE was conditioned by inconsistencies between the cultural and structural mechanisms of the Swazi context. Many of the cultural elements of the Swazi context such as the discourses of good citizens, of competitive advantage, and of quality education draw from global discourses which view relations between people from a postmodernist position and therefore support weakly classified and framed pedagogic practices. In contrast, the discourse of morality and many of the structural elements of the Swazi context, such as the pre2006 education system and the Tinkhundla government system, all view reality from a modernist position, therefore supporting strong relations of power and control. The cultural system therefore exerted more influence in conditioning the change from the strongly classified and framed GCE O-level curriculum to the weakly classified and framed I/SGCSE curriculum. Furthermore, the analysis of interview and observation data suggests that inconsistencies between the global discourses and the discourses and structures that teachers confront in their day-to-day lives, together with the decisions teachers made in response to structural constraints, created constraining conditions for the change from GCE O-level to I/SGCSE. The study adds to knowledge on curriculum change and implementation through insights into the enabling and constraining effects of mechanisms operating at a deeper level of reality on curriculum-change decisions and on the ability of teachers to implement curriculum changes. The focus on the deeper level of reality may therefore contribute towards emancipatory knowledge which could be used not only by the Ministry of Education and Training and teachers in Swaziland but also elsewhere to inform future planning, decision making, and practice in relation to curriculum change and implementation.