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1
Busk, Peter Linde. The staging area: Peter Linde Busk. Edited by Kjems Folke and Holstebro kunstmuseum. Holstebro: Holstebro Kunstmuseum, 2012.
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2
Stolfa, M. L. Zucchi. Stagni costieri del Mediterraneo: Area di delta del F. Tagliamento (Adriatico settentrionale) = Ponds on the Mediterranean coasts : river Tagliamento delta area (northern Adriatic Sea). [Udine?: s.n., 1985.
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3
1938-, Romani Valerio, and Giuliano Walter, eds. Uomini e parchi: La straordinaria attualità di un libro che ha aperto una nuova stagione nella cultura delle aree protette e nella politica del territorio. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2002.
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4
Volmar, Axel, and Kyle Stine, eds. Media Infrastructures and the Politics of Digital Time. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727426.
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In a crucial sense, all machines are time machines. The essays in Media Infrastructures and the Politics of Digital Time develop the central concept of hardwired temporalities to consider how technical networks hardwire and rewire patterns of time. Digital media introduce new temporal patterns in their features of instant communication, synchronous collaboration, intricate time management, and continually improved speed. They construct temporal infrastructures that affect the rhythms of lived experience and shape social relations and practices of cooperation. Interdisciplinary in method and international in scope, the volume draws together insights from media and communication studies, cultural studies, and science and technology studies while staging an important encounter between two distinct approaches to the temporal patterning of media infrastructures, a North American strain emphasizing the social and cultural experiences of lived time and a European tradition, prominent especially in Germany, focusing on technological time and time-critical processes.
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Staging Creolization: Women's Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean. University of Virginia Press, 2017.
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Sahakian, Emily. Staging Creolization: Women's Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean. University of Virginia Press, 2017.
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7
Jeffs, Kathleen. Staging the Spanish Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819349.001.0001.
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This book offers first-hand experiences from the rehearsal room of the Royal Shakespeare Company’s 2004–5 Spanish Golden Age season in order to put forth a collaborative model for translating, rehearsing, and performing Spanish Golden Age drama. Building on the RSC season, the volume proposes translation and communication methodologies that can feed the creative processes of working actors and directors, while maintaining an ethos of fidelity with regards to the original texts. A successful theatrical ensemble thrives on the mingling of these different voices directed towards a common goal. The work carried out during this season has repercussions in the areas comedia critics debate on the page; each of the chapters engages with one area of these overlapping disciplines. Now that the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Spanish Golden Age season has closed, this book posits a model for future productions of the comedia in English, one that recognizes the need for the languages of the scholar and the theatre artist to be made mutually intelligible by the use of collaborative strategies, mediated by a consultant or dramaturg proficient in both tongues. This model applies more generally to theatrical collaborations involving a translator, writer, and director, and is intended to be useful for translation and performance processes in any language.
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White, Bretton. Staging Discomfort. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401544.001.0001.
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Staging Discomfort examines how queer bodies are theatrically represented on the Cuban stage in order to re-evaluate the role of categorization as one of the state’s primary revolutionary tools. These performances concentrate on an aesthetics of fluidity, and thus upset traditional understandings of performer and spectator, and what constitutes the ideal Cuban citizenry. New affective modes are produced when performing bodies highlight—often in uncomfortably intimate, grotesque, or raw ways—the unavoidability of spectators’ bodies, and their capacity for queerness. Here the imagining of new continuities and subjectivities can lead to a reconfiguration of forms of Cuban citizenship. The affective responses from the closeness experienced in the performances in Staging Discomfort are challenges to the Cuban state’s self-designated role as primary provider for the needs of its citizens’ bodies. Through the lens of queer theory, the manuscript explores the body’s centrality to the state’s deployment of fear to successfully marginalize gay life, which this group of works seeks to defuse through an articulation of intimacies, shame, the death drive, cruising, and failure. These affective experiences shape Cuban subjectivities that emerge out of queerness, but whose focus on inclusivity necessarily involves all Cubans. Several of the central questions that guide Staging Discomfort are: How is Cuban theater agile in its critiques considering the state’s limitations on expression? How do queer performances allow for new understandings about the effects of the state’s failing socialist utopian contract with its citizens? And, can Cuban bodies that come together in queer ways re-imagine Cuban citizenship?
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Woodruff, Paul. Staging Wisdom through Hamlet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698515.003.0003.
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Hamlet illustrates how wisdom can be staged in theater. It ought to be impossible, because theater is watching, and wisdom can't be watched at all. Moreover, people spouting wisdom are rarely worth watching. Successful theater makes fun of those who spout wisdom (such as Polonius) and engages its audiences constantly with humor or emotion, leaving no space for the reflection that leads to wisdom. So how could a play present wisdom successfully in performance? Plato concluded that the playwrights of his time could put nothing but fake wisdom on stage. Plato was wrong: although divine wisdom is beyond the reach of theater, human wisdom is not. Human wisdom lies mainly in recognizing human limitations. In writing to please his audience, Shakespeare succeeded in staging human wisdom, most notably in Hamlet, which brilliantly exposes the folly of those who pretend to be wise.
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Prati, Raquel, and Olga Olevsky. Breast Cancer Staging and Treatment. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0012.
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Breast carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be further characterized based on their histology, biomarkers, and molecular profiles. These characteristics, gathered during disease staging, provide crucial information with regard to treatment decisions. Staging has evolved from informing the operability of breast tumors to providing prognostic information, and consequently helping establish local and systemic treatment guidelines. This chapter provides a succinct overview of breast cancer staging and treatment. Topics covered include the histological classification of breast cancers, as well as classification by tumor size and location, lymph node involvement, and metastatic involvement. The topic of molecular assays for prognostic information is reviewed. Finally, current treatment paradigms, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy regimens for different types of breast cancer, are discussed.
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Gerken, Mikkel. Staging a Strict Purist Invariantist Comeback. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0010.
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Chapter 9 responds to arguments for pragmatic encroachment that appeal to the communicative functions of knowledge ascriptions or genealogical assumptions. The methodology of such arguments is criticized by way of a dilemma—the Functional Role Dilemma. A further dilemma for pragmatic encroachment—Pandora’s Dilemma—is then raised: many factors other than stakes can have an effect on knowledge ascriptions. So, pragmatic encroachers must either accept that these factors are partial determiners of knowledge or reject this. However, both options lead to trouble. Since these dilemmas are indicative of the mistakes in our intuitive judgments, Chapter 9 serves both the purpose of compromising mistaken appeals to folk epistemology and the purpose of guiding a positive account.
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Jarenski, Shelly. “Who Are the Other Potters? What Are Their Names?”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199390205.003.0016.
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This chapter focuses on Theaster Gates’s 2010 exhibition To Speculate Darkly, which puts Gates’s multimedia work in dialogue with Drake. Jarenski’s chapter engages with the theme of erasure in Gates’s aesthetic and examines the ways that Gates imagined himself as Dave “the Slave” Potter, using Dave’s hyperbolic vessels as the staging area for his own artistic performance. Gates’s work with Dave resonates with the work of other artists, like Kara Walker (inspired by the panorama, the silhouette, and sentimental fiction) and Carrie Mae Weems, who has incorporated ethnographic daguerreotypes into her work. In order for us to fully appreciate the still undertheorized experimental breakthroughs of antebellum black artists, slave and free, this chapter claims that we must recognize the continued influence of nineteenth-century forms on contemporary African American art.
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Semrau, Maya, Alistair Burns, Antonio Lobo, Marcel Olde Rikkert, Philippe Robert, Mirjam Schepens, Gabriela Stoppe, and Norman Sartorius. Assessment and Staging of Care for People with Dementia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828075.001.0001.
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Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia: The IDEAL schedule and its user manual gives a detailed overview of the International Schedule for the Integrated Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia (IDEAL schedule) and provides all information that is needed when learning how to use the schedule and when using it. This includes details on the aims of the schedule; a description of how the schedule was developed and tested; instructions on how to use the schedule; the IDEAL schedule itself; the glossary of terms used in the schedule; and suggestions about the interventions that are recommended for consideration at different stages of severity of dementia. The book also includes four case histories, which are recommended for use when training in the use of the schedule.
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Rawat, S., L. Horgan, and C. M. S. Royston. Laparoscopic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198510567.003.0009.
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Laparoscopic staging for abdominal malignancies 324Laparoscopic splenectomy 326Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair 328Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication 332Laparoscopic cholecystectomy 336Laparoscopic appendicectomy 342Obesity surgery 346Laparoscopy is an effective and useful tool for the diagnosis and staging of abdominal malignancies. Staging is of paramount importance in planning treatment for localized and advanced disease. It is imperative to accurately identify those patients with a potentially resectable, localized tumour and those patients with advanced disease or distant metastasis. Despite improvements in preoperative staging with dynamic computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography, unexpected liver or peritoneal metastases are found in 10–20% of patients with oesophageal, gastric and pancreatic cancer. The need for laparotomy can therefore be obviated in these patients....
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Hartley, Andrew James. Dialectical Shakespeare. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.38.
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This chapter considers ways to empower actors and audiences through 'a brand of performance pedagogy advanced by Dorothy Heathcote called ‘process drama’, which approaches a text (in this case, Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew) not by staging a single reading but by presenting multiple critical approaches in a single presentation as a way of demonstrating the script’s malleability while also generating ownership and critical engagement within the cast and the audience. The chapter details the methodology involved, centring on a college production which toured area high schools, thereby making educators of the student actors, and it underscores what worked best and what might work better. It assumes the essential foreignness of Shakespeare to many students, a foreignness which is steeped in class as well as history, and considers how the charged politics of an unfamiliar play can become urgently immediate through a reciprocal system of rehearsal and performance.
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Winkler, Kevin. Keep It Hot. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199336791.003.0009.
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This chapter discusses two back-to-back projects in different media that share similarities. Lenny was Fosse’s film biography of comedian Lenny Bruce, whose disgust at sexual taboos and political and religious hypocrisies pushed his routines into the area of social satire. Chicago, Fosse’s “musical vaudeville,” unfolded as a series of numbers that conjured popular entertainment acts of the 1920s. Its story of jazz era killers who seek show business celebrity through murder and manipulation of the media was clearly meant to echo the present. Fosse shared co-librettist credit with Fred Ebb, but the critical response focused on Fosse’s staging concepts as the dominant production element. Chicago was a hit, but not a smash. It would take two decades for audiences to embrace its cynicism and relate it to contemporary American life. More than forty years after its original production, it is recognized as the quintessential Fosse show.
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Gikas, Panagiotis D., and Timothy W. R. Briggs. Choice of surgery for tumour: Staging and surgical margins. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.002001.
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♦ Bone and soft tissue tumours are rare and should therefore be assessed and treated in specialized centres♦ Clinical staging and pathological grading is used to classify the extent of a tumour♦ Clinical staging uses various imaging techniques, pathological grading requires tumour biopsy following clinical staging♦ The Enneking system is commonly used for surgical staging of bone and soft tissue tumours♦ Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for musculoskeletal tumours♦ The surgical margin describes the extent of the procedure♦ Intralesional margins describe a procedure that removes the tumour alone, radical margins may require removal of entire bone♦ Open incisional biopsy is the gold standard method for obtaining a representative specimen of tumour♦ Careful planning and good collaboration between surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists is crucial to avoid unnecessary or dangerous biopsy procedures.
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Moynihan, Timothy J. Oncology. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0560.
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Risk factors, screening, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of various types of cancer are reviewed. Breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and testicular cancers, melanoma, and paraneoplastic disorders are reviewed. Various treatment options, such as chemotherapy and palliative care, are discussed as well.
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Schinoff, Beth, Kristie Rogers, and Kevin G. Corley. How Do We Communicate Who We Are? Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.8.
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How do individuals develop a shared understanding of organizational identity? In this chapter, we focus on the top-down part of this process, examining how individuals, on behalf of organizations, communicate “who we are.” We present a framework of how these “identity custodians” convey organizational identity by saying (i.e., telling members who we are), showing (i.e., modeling behaviors that communicate who we are), and/or staging (i.e., providing opportunities for members to enact who we are) identity content. Building on this framework, we develop a typology based on the clarity of custodians’ perceptions of organizational identity content and the extent to which these custodians intentionally communicate identity content to organizational members. We describe four archetypal scenarios within this typology to articulate when and why identity custodians engage in saying, showing, and staging, and bring our theorizing to life through anecdotes from extant literature and the popular business press.
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Hoste, Eric A. J., John A. Kellum, and Norbert Lameire. Definitions, classification, epidemiology, and risk factors of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0220_update_001.
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The lack of a precise biochemical definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) resulted in at least 35 definitions in the medical literature, which gave rise to a wide variation in reported incidence and clinical significance of AKI, impeded a meaningful comparison of studies.The first part of this chapter describes and discusses different definitions and classification systems of AKI. Patient outcome and the need for renal replacement therapy are directly related to the severity of AKI, an observation that supports the use of a categorical staging system rather than a simple binary descriptor. The severity of AKI is commonly characterized using the relative changes in serum creatinine and urine output. Recently introduced staging systems including the RIFLE classification and the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) use these relatively simple and readily available parameters allowing the assignment of individual patients to different AKI stages. More recently, a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) workgroup developed a consensus-based AKI staging system drawing elements of both RIFLE and AKIN. The potential pitfalls and limitations of the proposed definitions and classifications are briefly described.The second part of the chapter describes the epidemiology of AKI in different clinical settings; the intensive care unit (ICU), the hospitalized population, and the community. The different spectrum of AKI in the emerging countries is discussed and the most important causes and aetiologies of the major clinical types of AKI, prerenal, renal, and post-renal are summarized in table form. Finally the patient survival and renal functional outcome of AKI are briefly discussed
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Das, Raj, Susan Heenan, and Uday Patel. Magnetic resonance imaging in urology. Edited by Michael Weston. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0134.
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Magnetic resonance imaging is essential for urological imaging. It offers excellent soft tissue contrast and resolution, allowing manipulation of tissue contrast with different image weighting and sequences. The multiplanar aspect of MRI allows image acquisition in different planes and degrees of obliquity to best exhibit pathology. The basic physics of MRI is explored initially with explanation of image weighting, sequences, and diffusion-weighted imaging. The chapter is then divided into renal, bladder, and prostate MRI imaging. The paragraphs on renal MRI outline renal mass analysis and include characterization and assessment of cystic and fat-containing lesions. Staging of renal carcinoma with MRI is also discussed, along with its advantages compared with CT staging. Throughout the text, the key diagnostic MRI features with each disease and organ, and the pitfalls and caveats of MRI imaging are emphasized.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Breast cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0014_update_001.
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Thoracic cancer examines the epidemiology, aetiology, and role of screening and prevention in the reduction of deaths from lung cancer, the majority caused by cigarette smoking. The pathology and genetics of lung cancer, with particular note of the driver mutations, are followed by the symptoms and signs of the disease. Appropriate investigations are described to stage the tumour. The optimum treatment for localised non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgical resection, followed in some cases by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, most cases present with disease too advanced for surgery, and for these chemotherapy and radiotherapy are appropriate. Metastatic NSCLC can be treated with platinum based doublet chemotherapy with modest palliative benefits. Metastatic NSCLC with specific driver mutations are amenable to control by targeted therapy. Locally advanced NSCLC is often treated with similar chemotherapy and radiotherapy, ideally administered concurrently, to achieve symptom relief but also improved survival rates. Short course simple radiotherapy offers symptom relief in patients not fit for chemotherapy. Patients with localised NSCLC who are not fit for surgery, may benefit from radical radiotherapy, particularly stereotactic radiotherapy. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterised by almost universal systemic spread, so that surgery is rarely appropriate. Staging is similar to NSCLC, and chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, usually cisplatin or carboplatin combined with etoposide. When possible, this is combined with concurrent thoracic irradiation covering all radiological sites of disease. Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the risk of CNS disease. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is caused by occupational asbestos exposure. Symptoms and signs, investigation and staging, and management are discussed. Thymic tumours, their pathology, presenting symptoms including paraneoplastic syndromes, investigation, staging and treatment are reviewed.
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George, Doran. The Hysterical Spectator. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199377329.003.0005.
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Looking at select works from Manhattan’s Lower East Side dance scene, this essay analyzes how distinct strategies for staging femininity procure feminist, queer, and transgender viewership. A reading of Jennifer Monson and DD Dorvillier’s diptych RMW(a) & RMW frames the essay, whereby the author emerges as a hysterical spectator who can settle with none of the distinct strategies. Contemporary dance thus becomes a medium through which identity boundaries, and accompanying tensions, as they have historically emerged within feminist, queer, and transgender theorizing, get revealed and transgressed. The examples of dance analyzed are seen sometimes to resolve the tensions and sometimes to reaffirm patriarchal gender asymmetry and exclusionary normative identity. The privileging of the female body, as Western concert dance’s proper vehicle of expression, serves as a point of departure through which femininity’s critical staging in different works is assessed, alongside the identity struggles the dances procure in the hysterical viewer.
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Wilson, John W., and Lynn L. Estes. Osteomyelitis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797783.003.0107.
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•Clinical: Localized pain and tenderness of involved bone; systemic signs and symptoms of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis•Radiology: Bone destruction or sequestrum in chronic cases; use of nuclear scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography may aid diagnosis and staging•Laboratory: White blood cell count is often normal; erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein are usually elevated...
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Sudhir, Rajini. Pulmonary vasculitis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0140.
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Pulmonary vasculitis comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an inflammatory process damaging the vessel wall, leading to ischaemia and tissue necrosis. Wegener’s granulomatosis, Churg–Strauss syndrome, and microscopic polyangiitis are primary, small-vessel, necrotizing vasculitides linked by an overlapping clinicopathological picture and are referred to collectively as ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. The European Vasculitis Study Group proposed a clinical staging system based on disease activity, to guide treatment.
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Gheciu, Alexandra, and William C. Wohlforth, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Security. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777854.001.0001.
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Future-oriented questions are woven through the study and practice of international security. The 48 essays collected in this Handbook use such questions to provide a tour of the most innovative and exciting new areas of research as well as major developments in established lines of inquiry. The results of their efforts are: the definitive statement of the state of international security and the academic field of security studies, a comprehensive portrait of expert assessments of expected developments in international security at the onset of the twenty-first century’s second decade, and a crucial staging ground for future research agendas.
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Carton, James, ed. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Pathology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759584.001.0001.
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This book provides a concise, accessible, modern guide to pathology. All major specialties are covered, most written by a specialist expert in the field. Each topic is approached through a series of headings and bullet points, giving quick access to the facts. Macroscopic and microscopic features are covered, as well as current immunohistochemical and molecular pathology. Staging information for major malignancies is provided in boxes. A number of line diagrams and colour photos are also provided to aid understanding of the pathology.
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Grams, Morgan E., and Josef Coresh. Chronic kidney disease in the developed world. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0095.
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Chronic kidney disease is common, increasing in prevalence, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A disease of multiple and complex aetiologies, chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic persons—all growing segments of the developed world. This chapter discusses trends in and determinants of chronic kidney disease prevalence, incidence, and prognosis. In addition, advances in chronic kidney disease staging and reporting as well as the discovery of a major genetic locus for hypertensive kidney disease in populations of African ancestry are examined.
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Varol, Ozan O. Horror Vacui. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626013.003.0023.
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Nature, Aristotle said, abhors a vacuum. He argued that a vacuum, once formed, would be immediately filled by the dense material surrounding it. Aristotle’s insights into vacuums in the physical world also apply to civil-military relations. Where a vacuum exists in domestic politics because the political parties are weak, unstable, or underdeveloped, the dense material that is the military may fill the void by staging an intervention into domestic politics. But when, as in the July 2016 coup attempt in Turkey, the civilian leaders themselves hold densely concentrated authority—in other words, are powerful, popular, and credible—their attempts to keep the military at bay are far more likely to succeed. Without a vacuum there is no void for the military to fill.
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Krist, Alex H., and Vivian Jiang. Provider-Level Factors Influencing Implementation. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0016.
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Cancer treatment is increasingly complex. The tools for diagnosis, staging, and predicting prognosis are rapidly evolving, as are the therapies, treatment modalities, and treatment protocols. The complexity of care, the need for a multidisciplinary team across settings, and patient-level factors all present providers with a unique set of challenges. The three case studies presented in this chapter explore strategies that help providers by (1) ensuring low-income patients with breast cancer receive care consistent with guidelines through patient engagement and navigation, (2) promoting and incorporating the routine use of shared decision-making in determining prostate cancer treatment, and (3) supporting the adoption of concurrent palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. The specific challenges and needs for future implementation science are highlighted throughout each case.
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Rongve, Arvid, and Dag Aarsland. Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0035.
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Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia belong to the α-synucleinopathies, a family of diseases pathologically characterized by aggregation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies in the brain. In this chapter we present the epidemiological data for both conditions including new data on MCI. Clinical diagnostic criteria are reviewed and the different neuropathology staging systems for DLB and PDD and the most important genetic findings are considered. Biomarkers in DLB and PDD with particular focus on imaging techniques like CIT-SPECT and MRI are described. Important clinical symptoms in both conditions are presented in detail and the most important clinical differential diagnoses are discussed. Pharmacological and non- pharmacological treatment of different symptoms in both conditions are discussed with particular emphasis on the choline esterase inhibitors and antipsychotic medications.New data on memantine are presented.
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Lebow, Richard Ned, and Feng Zhang. Taming Sino-American Rivalry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197521946.001.0001.
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Competition between America and China has intensified since 2009, creating even greater risks of conflict. Why is this so, and what can be done about it? Feng Zhang and Ned Lebow identify the mistakes China and America made in their mutual relations and explain their causes and consequences. Drawing on international relations theory and historical lessons they develop a holistic approach to conflict management and resolution based on a sophisticated staging of deterrence, reassurance, and diplomacy. Minimal deterrence combined with multiple forms of reassurance and sustained diplomatic efforts to reduce or finesse key areas of conflict offer a promising pathway for America and China to enhance their security and buttress their self-esteem.
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Sabato, Stefano. Neuroblastoma Resection. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0038.
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Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Staging of neuroblastoma has both prognostic value and guides therapy and interventions. Surgical resection and chemotherapy remain the main modes of therapy, and chemotherapeutic agents have both immediate and long-term implications for the anesthetic management of these patients. Though less common, some patients may have catecholamine-induced hemodynamic instability. Thorough perioperative planning and adequate vascular access are required for these procedures. This chapter will prepare the reader to know how to assess and optimize a child with neuroblastoma for surgery, appreciate some of the difficulties of anesthesia for the child with cancer, and understand the principles of management of major blood loss during pediatric surgery.
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Osman, Nadir I., and Christopher R. Chapple. Urethral diverticula. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0042.
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Urethral diverticula (UD) are not uncommon, affecting up to 6% of the female population, but are in the majority of cases asymptomatic and of no clinical significance. They are thought to arise as a consequence of infection, obstruction, and subsequent rupture of a periurethral gland. UD often pose a significant diagnostic challenge, as symptoms are largely non-specific and easily confused with other conditions such as bladder pain syndrome and recurrent urinary tract infection. As such, both misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are common, to the frustration of both patients and surgeons. Traditional methods of diagnosis, such as voiding cystourethrogram, relied upon urethral catheterization and contrast instillation, and were associated with poor anatomical detail. Recent advances in imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, have improved the diagnosis and staging of UD, and have allowed for more accurate preoperative planning.
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Sharples, Edward. Acute kidney injury. Edited by Rutger Ploeg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0127.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, and contributes significantly to length of stay and hence costs. Large epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate an incidence of AKI of 5–18% depending on the definition of AKI utilized. Even relatively small changes in renal function are associated with increased mortality, and this has led to strict definition and staging of AKI. Early recognition with good clinical assessment, diagnosis, and management are critical to prevent progression of AKI and reduce the potential complications, including long-term risk of end-stage renal failure. In this chapter, the pathophysiology, causes, and early management of AKI are discussed. Hypovolaemia and sepsis are the most common causes in hospitalized patients, across medical and surgical specialities. Other common causes are discussed, as well as diagnostic criteria.
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Lee, Christoph I., Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett, eds. Breast Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.001.0001.
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This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of breast imaging, a subspecialty of radiology dedicated to breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment management. Overview chapters provide the fundamentals of breast cancer epidemiology, pathophysiology, screening, staging, and treatment, in addition to the fundamentals of mammography, tomosynthesis, breast ultrasound, and breast MRI. The basic medical physics relevant to breast imaging are covered, as are the basics of imaging quality control. The remaining chapters are organized by individual imaging findings, with review of key imaging features, imaging protocols, pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations. Each type of breast imaging-guided interventional procedures are covered in dedicated chapters. This efficient textbook is heavily weighted towards providing multiple imaging examples with short summaries and bullet points, providing an easy, effective overview of the subspecialty for radiologists both in training and in practice.
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Joniau, Steve, S. Van Bruwaene, J. Karnes, G. De Meerleer, P. Gontero, M. Spahn, and A. Briganti. High-risk prostate cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0066.
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In this chapter, patients with adverse tumour characteristics and a high risk of tumour progression are discussed. In the current era of PSA testing, the proportion of patients presenting with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is estimated between 10% and 20% with a 10-year cancer specific survival approaching 40% for those not receiving active local treatment. The prevalence of high-risk disease varies with community PSA use, and is higher in countries (e.g. 30% in the United Kingdom) with little PSA testing. Adequate staging with magnetic resonance imaging for tumour extension, computer tomography for visceral metastases, and bone scan for skeletal metastasis is advocated in this group. The treatment of locally advanced or high-risk prostate cancer is a contemporary challenge.
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Bjartell, Anders, and David Ulmert. Clinical features, assessment, and imaging of prostate cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0063.
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In contemporary practice, most patients with prostate cancer are diagnosed following a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Although serum PSA has a low specificity for prostate cancer, it can be used to single out patients with advanced disease. While most men do not have a palpable tumour at digital rectal examination (DRE), those with palpable or an elevated PSA test require transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy in order to make a diagnosis of cancer. Tumours are staged clinically as localized, locally advanced, or metastatic. The urologist and the patient need the correct staging information for decision-making. A combination of several parameters (PSA value, Gleason grade and tumour extent on biopsy, and DRE findings) can be used in a variety of tools to predict the extent of the disease and treatment outcomes.
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Joshi, Mahesh K., and J. R. Klein. Disruptive Technologies Driving Growth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827481.003.0014.
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Since the dawn of the industrial revolution, technologies have had a disruptive impact on business and society. The proliferations of technology-based start-ups in the last decade are significant change agents for job creators and creators of business environments. Marginal improvements are creating disruption and new business models by building upon the disruptive power of technology. Mobile phones have become an extension of our arm with an average person checking it 150 times a day. These amazing changes are not the beginning and are certainly not the end. The primary change driver has been technology and today things are changing even faster. This is beginning to drive a reduction in poverty, an increase in labor standards, greater access to consumer goods, and the facilitation of cultural exchange. Cost-of-living improvement is, on a grander scale, staging for a brave new world of peace.
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Dubreuil, Raphaëla. The Orator in the Theatre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748472.003.0012.
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This chapter explores the image Plutarch created of the end of Athenian Democracy. Its aim is to show that Plutarch conceived of this end through the lens of the theatre, and to explore the origins of this portrayal. It makes this argument through close study of the intersection of theatre and politics in Plutarch’s Life of Phocion. Plutarch expresses the political significance of crucial moments by drawing attention to their theatrical dimension. Theatrical venues, self-presentation, staging, speech, and props are used in order to create an emotional impact on an Athenian audience. Since Plutarch understood theatre in (mostly) Platonic terms, this evaluation is negative. He wishes to depict an Athenian society predisposed to strong emotion, ready to welcome an exuberant tyrant with open arms despite its previous democratic values.
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St John, Taylor. Gunboats and Diplomacy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0003.
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Chapter two outlines antecedents of the ICSID Convention. The antagonisms emerging from the long history of investment dispute settlement are briefly discussed, in particular historical memories about separate courts and separate law for foreigners. Early twentieth-century efforts to replace the use of force with arbitration and later work to reframe foreign investment as a tool for development instead of a tool of imperialism provided more hopeful antecedents. Decolonization brought with it high expectations, but also disillusionment: disputes like Abadan (in which the British government sent gunboats, then asked the UN Security Council, the ICJ, and the World Bank to act, before ultimately staging a coup) made capital-importing governments wary and led many officials to believe the world needed new machinery to resolve disputes between investors and states.
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Burrell, James R., and John R. Hodges. Dementia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0010.
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Cognitive neurology has exploded over the last century, and especially over the last 20 years. From the distinction of dementia as a pathological entity, rather than just ‘normal’ ageing, to more sophisticated sub-classification of dementia syndromes, much has been learned, though great challenges remain. From an incredible array of worthy research studies, ten landmark papers in the field of dementia are presented in this chapter. With regard to Alzheimer’s disease, the following are discussed: the initial description of the disease, both clinically and pathologically; the development of meaningful clinical assessment measures; the early clinical manifestations and genetic causes; the precursors to symptomatic treatment; the use of neuroimaging to identify amyloid pathology in vivo; and the staging of Alzheimer’s pathology. The clinical features and genetic causes of frontotemporal dementia, an important non-Alzheimer’s primary dementia syndrome seen especially in younger patients, are also discussed.
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Aurnhammer, Achim, and Dieter Martin, eds. Arthur Schnitzler und die bildende Kunst. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956508400.
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Arthur Schnitzler’s relationships to the visual arts are examined for the first time systematically and in source-based special studies in the fourteen articles in this volume. Schnitzler’s staging of authorship in portrait art and photography, his aesthetic preferences in the acquisition of art objects as well as on trips and during visits to museums, references to art and quotations in Schnitzler’s stories and dramas, and his significant participation in the art of book design of the modern age are discussed. It ranges from productive collaborations with well-known contemporary book and cover artists to posthumous visual art adaptations of his work in current graphic novels. With contributions by Achim Aurnhammer, Judith Becher, Judith Beniston, Barbara Beßlich, Eva Höfflin-Grether, Julia Ilgner, Nikolas Immer, Dieter Martin, Martin Anton Müller, Susanne Neubrand, Günther Schnitzler, Roland Stark, Reinhard Urbach, Ralf von den Hoff and Evi Zemanek.
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Djajadiningrat, Rosa, and Simon Horenblas. Penile cancer. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0093.
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Penile cancer is a rare malignancy in the Western world, but in Asia, Africa, and South Africa the incidence is much higher. Risk factors, including phimosis, human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, chronic inflammatory conditions, psoralen ultraviolet photochemotherapy, genital warts, and HIV infection play a role in the pathogenesis of penile cancer. Approximately 95% of all penile tumours are squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) and the large majority arise from the prepuce or glans. PSCC has a strong tendency for lymphatic dissemination, but cure can still be attained in patients with inguinal involvement. The most commonly used staging system is the 2009 TNM classification for penile cancer. Surgical resection has been the mainstay of treatment in penile carcinoma, including penile-preserving techniques, partial and total penectomy. The aim of surgery is minimizing loss of anatomy and function, without jeopardizing oncological results.
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Reynolds, Paige. Design and Direction to 1960. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.14.
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Early Abbey staging and design was extremely simple, partly enforced by the limitations of their resources. Yeats’s ambitious experiments with the screens of Gordon Craig came to nothing. Initially, the Gate Theatre was established self-consciously as a theatrical alternative to the Abbey, open to European aesthetics, and concentrated on stage production and design, ideas articulated and exemplified by Micheál Mac Liammóir and Hilton Edwards in their design and direction work. However, the chapter argues that this conventional narrative overlooks the design work of Tanya Moiseiwitsch at the Abbey Theatre in the 1930s, which showed a strong influence of expressionism. When the view of Irish theatre is further broadened to include pageants and public performances which are also a feature of mid-century, it becomes clear that Irish theatre of the time was far from being an unrelieved vista of peasant realism.
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Zaiwalla, Zenobia, and Roo Killick. Polysomnography and other investigations for sleep disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0016.
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This chapter describes the key investigations used in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. The recording and value of polysomnography (PSG), with and without electroencephalography is discussed, including the specific parameters essential for the various sleep related breathing disorders. The technical aspects of the multiple sleep latency test and maintenance of wakefulness test are followed by interpretation of findings, recognizing their limitations, especially in adults with co-morbid disorders, and the effect of medication and also shift work. Finally, the value of wrist actigraphy as a diagnostic tool in circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders is discussed. The chapter emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate tests based on clinical information and the importance of units providing diagnostic studies for sleep disorders, constantly reviewing their study protocols and auditing inter-rater reliability of PSG sleep staging in children and adults of various ages and sleep disorders.
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Kellum, John A. Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0212.
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Diagnosis and classification of acute pathology in the kidney is major clinical problem. Azotemia and oliguria represent not only disease, but also normal responses of the kidney to extracellular volume depletion or a decreased renal blood flow. Clinicians routinely make inferences about both the presence of renal dysfunction and its cause. Pure prerenal physiology is unusual in hospitalized patients and its effects are not necessary benign. Sepsismay alter renal function without the characteristic changes in urine indices. The clinical syndrome known as acute tubular necrosis does not actually manifest the histological changes that the name implies. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a term proposed to encompass the entire spectrum of the syndrome from minor changes in renal function to a requirement for renal replacement therapy. Criteria based on both changes in serum creatinine and urine output represent a broad international consensus for diagnosing and staging AKI.
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Publicover, Laurence. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806813.003.0001.
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The Introduction lays out the argument of the book, in part through discussion of critical responses to the geography of Shakespeare’s The Tempest. Situating the book’s critical approach within the several scholarly fields it engages, including theatre history, theories of genre, Mediterranean studies, and theories of intertextuality, it then outlines the contribution Dramatic Geography makes to existing discussions of early modern Mediterranean plays. The Introduction goes on to offer an overview and analysis of how early modern drama stages space and location, working through episodes from plays including Henry V, Hamlet, and Antony and Cleopatra. Finally, it differentiates early modern ways of staging space from those employed in the Restoration theatres, stressing the greater flexibility and complexity of early modern methods, and makes a case for the importance of understanding dramatic geography if we are better to comprehend the ways in which drama creates meaning.
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, Gareth Morris-Stiff, and Madhumita Bhattacharyya. Skin cancers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0023_update_001.
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Tumours of the central nervous system examines the epidemiology, aetiology, genetics and pathology of these heterogeneous tumours. Clinical presentation reflects the site of origin and rate of growth. Investigation usually comprises imaging (MRI superior to CT for most), and biopsy; requirement for additional staging depends on pathology. The treatment of low-grade gliomas may be delayed if small with few symptoms, otherwise surgery and/or radiotherapy. High grade gliomas may be managed with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy in fit patients. Unfit patients should be offered supportive care only. Brief summaries are provided for management of ependymoma, pineal tumours, meningioma, germ-cell CNS tumours, pituitary tumours, CNS lymphoma, acoustic neuroma, medulloblastoma, and spinal cord tumours. Radiotherapy for primary CNS tumours is described along with its side effects, and chemotherapy for these diseases is reviewed. Brain metastases far outnumber primary brain tumours, with generally poor prognosis, but this relates both to the pathology and patient performance status. Appropriate treatment may include surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy.
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Wilcox, Emily E. Women Dancing Otherwise. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199377329.003.0004.
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In twenty-first-century urban Chinese contemporary dance, gender and female sexuality are often constructed in ways that reinforce patriarchal and heterosexual social norms. Although “queer dance” as a named category does not exist in China, it is possible to identify queer feminist perspectives in recent dance works. This essay offers a reading of representations of gender and female sexuality in two works of contemporary dance by Beijing-based female Chinese choreographers: Wang Mei’s 2002 Thunder and Rain and Gu Jiani’s 2014 Right & Left. Through choreographic analysis informed by ethnographic research in Beijing’s contemporary dance world, this essay argues that Thunder and Rain reinforces patriarchal and heterosexual social norms common in Chinese contemporary dance, while Right & Left disrupts such norms. Through its staging of unconventional female-female duets and its queering of nationally marked movement forms, Right & Left offers a queer feminist approach to the presentation of women on the Chinese stage.