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Journal articles on the topic 'Stainless Austenitic Steels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Antoine, P., B. Soenen, and Nuri Akdut. "Static Strain Aging in Cold Rolled Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 4891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.4891.

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Transformation of austenite to martensite during cold rolling operations is widely used to strengthen metastable austenitic stainless steel grades. Static strain aging (SSA) phenomena at low temperature, typically between 200°C and 400°C, can be used for additional increase in yield strength due to the presence of α’-martensite in the cold rolled metastable austenitic stainless steels. Indeed, SSA in austenitic stainless steel affects mainly in α’-martensite. The SSA response of three industrial stainless steel grades was investigated in order to understand the aspects of the aging phenomena a

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2

Itman Filho, André, Wandercleiton da Silva Cardoso, Leonardo Cabral Gontijo, Rosana Vilarim da Silva, and Luiz Carlos Casteletti. "Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel containing niobium." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 4 (2013): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000400010.

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The austenitic-ferritic stainless steels present a better combination of mechanical properties and stress corrosion resistance than the ferritic or austenitic ones. The microstructures of these steels depend on the chemical compositions and heat treatments. In these steels, solidification starts at about 1450ºC with the formation of ferrite, austenite at about 1300ºC and sigma phase in the range of 600 to 950ºC.The latter undertakes the corrosion resistance and the toughness of these steels. According to literature, niobium has a great influence in the transformation phase of austenitic-ferrit

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3

Gontijo, L. C., R. Machado, L. C. Casteletti, S. E. Kuri, and Pedro A. P. Nascente. "Study of the S Phases Formed on Plasma-Nitrided Austenitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.775.

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An expanded austenite layer is formed on the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels that are nitrided under low-temperature plasma. This S phase is an iron alloy metastable phase supersaturated with nitrogen. We have identified a similar expanded ferrite or ferritic S phase for nitrided ferritic (BCC) stainless steels. Samples of austenitic AISI 304L and AISI 316L and ferritic AISI 409L stainless steels were plasma-nitrided at 350, 400, 450 and 500°C, and the structural and corrosion characteristics of the modified layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical tests. F

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4

Maznichevsky, Alexander N., Radii V. Sprikut, and Yuri N. Goikhenberg. "Investigation of Nitrogen Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.152.

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An important factor in solving the problem of stainless steel corrosion resistance is carbon concentration reduction. However, a decrease in carbon content of austenitic steels leads to a drop in level of their strength properties. Theoretically, nitrogen alloying can lead to a strength increase in all types of austenitic corrosion-resistant steels. Practically, nitrogen alloying is effectively only with low-carbon compositions. This work shows the effect of nitrogen on the mechanical properties of middle-alloying nitrogen, containing stainless steel, and a study of AISI 304L and pilot steel w

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5

Adachi, Shinichiro, Motoo Egawa, Takuto Yamaguchi, and Nobuhiro Ueda. "Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding for Austenitic Stainless Steel Layers with Various Nickel Contents Fabricated via Direct Laser Metal Deposition." Coatings 10, no. 4 (2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040365.

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In this study, low-temperature plasma nitriding is applied to austenitic stainless steels at temperatures below 450 °C. This enhances the wear resistance of the steels with maintaining corrosion resistance, by producing expanded austenite (known as the S-phase), which dissolves excessive nitrogen. Austenitic stainless steels contain nickel, which has the potential to play an important role in the formation and properties of the S-phase. In this experiment, austenitic stainless steel layers with different nickel contents were processed using direct laser metal deposition, and subsequently treat

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6

Brytan, Z. "The corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed stainless steels." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 92 (2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9662.

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Purpose: of this paper was to examine the corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed (LSA) stainless steels using electrochemical methods in 1M NaCl solution and 1M H2SO4 solution. The LSA conditions and alloying powder placement strategies on the material's corrosion resistance were evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: In the present work the sintered stainless steels of different microstructures (austenitic, ferritic and duplex) where laser surface alloyed (LSA) with elemental alloying powders (Cr, FeCr, Ni, FeNi) and hard powders (SiC, Si3N4) to obtain a complex steel microstructure o

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7

Ravi Kumar, B., J. K. Sahu, and S. K. Das. "Influence of Annealing Process on Recrystallisation Behaviour of a Heavily Cold Rolled AISI 304L Stainless Steel on Ultrafine Grain Formation." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.334.

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AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel was cold rolled to 90% with and no inter-pass cooling to produced 89% and 43% of deformation induced martensite respectively. The cold rolled specimens were annealed by isothermal and cyclic thermal process. The microstructures of the cold rolled and annealed specimens were studied by the electron microscope. The observed microstructural changes were correlated with the reversion mechanism of martensite to austenite and strain heterogeneity of the microstructure. The results indicated possibility of ultrafine austenite grain formation by cyclic thermal proc

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8

Li, Zhuang, Di Wu, Wei Lv, Zhen Zheng, and Shao Pu Kang. "Investigations on Low Environmental Impact Machining Processes of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 377 (August 2013): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.377.112.

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In the present paper, sulfur, RE (rare earth) and bismuth were added to an austenite stainless steel. Low environmental impact machining processes of free cutting austenitic stainless steels was investigated by machinability testing. The results show that a significant amount of grey and dispersed inclusions were found in steel B. The inclusions are typical sulfide inclusions, and bismuth element is attached to double end of manganese sulfide inclusions. Some inclusions exhibit globular shape due to the presence of rare earths elements in steel B. Chip morphology was improved in steel B under

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9

Li, Dong Sheng, Dan Li, Hong Dou, et al. "High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.414.

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The oxidation kinetic curves of four kinds of austenitic stainless steel at 700°C was measured by weighting method. It is showed that the oxidation curves of those austenitic stainless steels follow the parabolic law. The mass gain of 800Al steel. is the least of all. The surfacemorphology and structure of the oxide scale were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. It is found that adense oxide scale formed at 700°C in all four austenitic stainless steels. In austenitic stainless steel with high Mn content, scales are mainly composed of Mn2O3 and the spinel MnFe

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10

Li, Zhuang, Di Wu, and Wei Lv. "Development of Pb-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.486.

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Pb-free austenitic stainless steels were investigated by adding sulfur, rare earth (Re) elements and bismuth. The metallurgical properties, machinability and mechanical properties of both steels were examined. The results show that a significant amount of grey, spindle shaped inclusions were discovered in austenitic stainless steels, and they should belong to MnS inclusions containing bismuth element and rare earths oxide. The addition of S, Bi and Re to austenitic stainless steels improved the machinability. The machinability of steel B is better than that of steel A in a way. The mechanical

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11

Zhang, Ting, and Xing Sheng Tong. "An Investigation of Carburized Layers on Austenitic Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.307.

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In this study, low temperature plasma carburizing of austenitic stainless steels has been studied, with the aim to improve the hardness and wear resistance of austenite layers. Austenitic stainless steels were plasma carburized at 450°C, using C3H8 as carbon carrier gas. Depth profiles of hardness, hardness distribution and the friction coefficient of carburized layer were measured. The results show that carburized layers range from 10 to 20μm, causing the improvement of the hardness and wear resistance of the surface of austenitic stainless steels.

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12

Su, Yang Yu, Fan Shiong Chen, Liu Ho Chiu, and Heng Chang. "Effect of Nitrocarburized Layer on the Resistivity Properties of Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.670.

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In this study, the plasma nitrocarburizing has been used to treat AISI 316 austenitic and AISI 410 martensitic stainless steels. Treated specimens were characterized by means of morphological analysis, surface microhardness measurement, and resistivity measurement. Plasma nitrocarburizing at low temperature (420°C) produced a single phase nitrided layer of nitrogen and carbon expanded austenite (S phase) on the specimen surface, which considerably improved the resistivity property of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel.

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13

Gołębiowski, Bartosz, and Wiesław Świątnicki. "Microstructural Changes Induced during Hydrogen Charging Process in Stainless Steels with and without Nitrided Layers." Solid State Phenomena 186 (March 2012): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.186.305.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of glow discharge nitriding on hydrogen degradation of two types of steels: two-phase austenitic-ferritic and single-phase austenitic. The nitriding process resulted in formation of surface layers composed of expanded austenite (S phase), and in the case of two-phase steel of expanded austenite and expanded ferrite. Microstructural changes occurring under the influence of hydrogen on steels without and with nitrided layers were investigated with the use of scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy techniques. It was shown that

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14

Wu, Di, and Zhuang Li. "Study on the Machinability of Free Cutting Non-Lead Austenitic Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.306.

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In this paper, a new non-lead machinable austenitic stainless steel was investigated. The metallurgical properties, machinability and mechanical properties of the developed alloy were compared with those of the conventional austenitic stainless steel 321. The results have shown that the presence of machinable additives, such as sulfur, copper and bismuth, etc. contributes to the improvement of the machinability of austenitic stainless steel, because the inclusions are something like internal notches causing crack nucleation and facilitating rupture. Bismuth has a distinct advantage over lead.

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15

Silva Leite, Carla Gabriela, Eli Jorge da Cruz Junior, Mattia Lago, Andrea Zambon, Irene Calliari, and Vicente Afonso Ventrella. "Nd: YAG Pulsed Laser Dissimilar Welding of UNS S32750 Duplex with 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Materials 12, no. 18 (2019): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182906.

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Duplex stainless steels (DSSs), a particular category of stainless steels, are employed in all kinds of industrial applications where excellent corrosion resistance and high strength are necessary. These good properties are provided by their biphasic microstructure, consisting of ferrite and austenite in almost equal volume fractions of phases. In the present work, Nd: YAG pulsed laser dissimilar welding of UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) with 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS), with different heat inputs, was investigated. The results showed that the fusion zone microstructu

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16

Sundaresan, S. "Metallurgy of Welding Stainless Steels." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.274.

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Based primarily on microstructure, five stainless steel types are recognized: ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, duplex and precipitation-hardening. The major problem in ferritic stainless steels is the tendency to embrittlement, aggravated by various causes. During welding, control of heat input is essential and, in some cases, also a postweld heat treatment. The austenitic type is the easiest to weld, but two important issues are involved in the welding of these steels: hot cracking and formation of chromium carbide and other secondary phases on thermal exposure. The nature of the problems a

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17

Herrera, Clara, Angelo Fernando Padilha, and R. L. Plaut. "Microstructure Evolution during Annealing Treatment of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.913.

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Austenitic stainless steels of the AISI 304 and 316 grades, amongst over other hundred compositions of stainless steels available in the market, are the most frequently used ones worldwide. They are selected for numerous applications due to their favorable combination of characteristics such as low price, moderate to good corrosion resistance, excellent ductility and toughness along with good weldability. Their major limitation is in the yield strength, which is relatively low (about 200 MPa), in the annealed condition. Through cold working, this value can be easily multiplied by a factor of u

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18

Tang, Yong, Bang Yan Ye, Qiang Wu, W. W. Wang, and Xing Yu Lai. "Study on Minipore Drilling to Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.55.

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Based on reviewing the applications and machining of the stainless steels, the cutting performance of the austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti is analyzed through the contrastive experiments. This paper studies drilling minipore mechanics of hard-to-cut material—Austenitic Stainless Steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti by simulation and experiment, analogy results displays the trend that drill thrust, torque and temperature changed with amount of feed, it matches with test result in the same cutting condition well. The research results would be of great benefit for the selection of proper tools and cutting param

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19

Setargew, Nega, та Daniel J. Parker. "Zinc diffusion induced precipitation of σ-phase in austenitic stainless steel". Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, № 6 (2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019040.

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Zinc diffusion-induced degradation of AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel pot equipment used in 55%Al-Zn and Zn-Al-Mg coating metal baths is described. SEM/EDS analyses results showed that the diffused zinc reacts with nickel from the austenite matrix and results in the formation of Ni-Zn intermetallic compounds. The Ni-Zn intermetallic phase and the nickel depleted zones form a periodic and alternating layered structure and a mechanism for its formation is proposed. The role of cavities and interconnected porosity in zinc vapour diffusion-induced degradation and formation of Ni-Zn intermedi

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20

Padilha, A. F., and P. R. Rios. "Decomposition of Austenite in Austenitic Stainless Steels." ISIJ International 42, no. 4 (2002): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.325.

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21

Francis, Roger, and Glenn Byrne. "Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century." Metals 11, no. 5 (2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050836.

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Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferri

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22

Monteiro, Waldemar Alfredo, Silvio Andre Lima Pereira, and Jan Vatavuk. "Nitriding Process Characterization of Cold Worked AISI 304 and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels." Journal of Metallurgy 2017 (January 18, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1052706.

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The nitriding behavior of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 304 and 316) was studied by different cold work degree (0% (after heat treated), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) before nitride processing. The microstructure, layer thickness, hardness, and chemical microcomposition were evaluated employing optical microscopy, Vickers hardness, and scanning electron microscopy techniques (WDS microanalysis). The initial cold work (previous plastic deformations) in both AISI 304 and 306 austenitic stainless steels does not show special influence in all applied nitriding kinetics (in layer thicknesses). The ni

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23

Li, Zhuang, Di Wu, Wei Lv, Shao Pu Kang, and Zhen Zheng. "Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Machining Characteristics of Austenitic Stainless Steels without Lead Addition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 377 (August 2013): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.377.128.

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Rare earth elements (REE) are harmless for human health. REE addition contributes to the improvement of the machinability of the steels. In the present paper, machining characteristics of austenitic stainless steels without lead addition were investigated by adding free-machining elements, such as sulfur, REE and bismuth. The results have shown that large numbers of rounded, globular shaped inclusions were obtained for both steels. The machinability of steel B is better than that of steel A, and the cutting forces of steel B are lower than those of steel A at various cutting speeds. Lead can b

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24

Okuda-Shimazaki, Junko, Akiko Yamamoto, Daisuke Kuroda, Takao Hanawa, and Akiyoshi Taniguchi. "The Effect of Metal Materials on Heat Shock Protein 70B’ Gene Expression." Open Biotechnology Journal 1, no. 1 (2007): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070700701010014.

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To avoid the toxic effect of released nickel ions and compounds from conventional stainless steels, nickel-free austenitic stainless steels have been developed. We previously established a new manufacturing process to produce nickel-free austenitic stainless steel that involves nitrogen adsorption treatment. Although the cytocompatibility of nickelfree austenitic stainless steel produced using this method has been evaluated using two viability assay, molecular level analysis, such as gene expression analysis, has not been previously performed. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of our nick

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25

Schino, Andrea Di. "CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF AISI 460LI SUPER-FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 25, no. 4 (2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v25i4.1363.

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<p class="AMSmaintext1"><span lang="EN-GB">Following nickel and molybdenum significant price increase, nowadays the stainless steel market is moving toward an increasing use of ferritic stainless steel instead of austenitic stainless and therefore to the development of advanced ferritic stainless steels grades aimed to substitute the more expensive austenitic materials in all applications allowing it. Super-ferritic stainless steels are higher chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) steels with properties similar to those of standard ferritic alloys. Such elements increase high temperatu

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26

Liu, Xiao, and Jing Long Liang. "Effect of Ce on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 21Cr-11Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.95.

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The effect of Ce on structure and mechanical properties of 21Cr11Ni austenitic stainless steels were studied by metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test. The results show that the proper amount of Ce can refine microstructure of austenitic stainless steel. Fracture is changed from cleavage to ductile fracture by adding Ce to austenitic stainless steel. 21Cr11Ni stainless steel containing 0.05% Ce can improve its high temerature strength, and the strength is increased 21.81% at 1073K respectively comparing with that of 21Cr11Ni stainless steel without Ce.

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27

Li, Zhuang, Di Wu, and Wei Lv. "Low Environmental Impact Machining Processes of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels without Lead Addition." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1923.

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Environmental protection is a growing concern for many industries today. This paper shows manufacturing environmental performance improvement for free cutting steel products. Inclusions have the characteristics of sulfur and bismuth in free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition. Machinable additives lead to improved chip breakage, and thus reduced tool wear. The machinability of free cutting austenitic stainless steels without lead addition is much better than that of conventional austenitic stainless steel. Bismuth can replace lead because lead is a harmful factor for envi

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28

Kowalski, Jakub, Łukasz Licznerski, Milena Supernak-Marczewska, and Krzysztof Emilianowicz. "Influence of Process of Straightening Ship Hull Structure Made of 316L Stainless Steel on Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 4 (2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0070.

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Abstract The AISI 316L type steel belongs to the group of chromium-nickel stainless steels. They are determined according to European standards as X2CrNiMo17-12-2 and belong to the group of austenitic stainless steels. Steels of this group are used for elements working in seawater environments, for installations in the chemical, paper, and food, industries, for architectural elements, and many others. The chemical composition of corrosion-resistant austenitic steels provides them with an austenite structure that is stable in a wide temperature range, under appropriate conditions for heating, s

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29

Odnobokova, Marina, Andrey Belyakov, Alla Kipelova, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "Formation of Ultrafine-Grained Structures in 304L and 316L Stainless Steels by Recrystallization and Reverse Phase Transformation." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.410.

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The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L and 304L austenitic stainless steels subjected to large strain cold bar rolling and subsequent annealing were studied. The cold working was accompanied by mechanical twinning and strain-induced martensitic transformation. The latter was readily developed in 304L stainless steel. The uniform microstructures consisting of elongated austenite and martensite nanocrystallites evolved at large total strains, resulting in tensile strength above 2000 MPa in the both steels. The subsequent annealing at temperatures above 700°C was accompani

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30

Juuti, Timo J., L. Pentti Karjalainen, Raimo Ruoppa, and Tero Taulavuori. "Static Strain Ageing in Some Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3278.

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The yield strength in austenitic stainless steels can be improved by cold rolling. Recently, it has been realized that a considerable further increase can be achieved through static strain ageing (SSA). The effect of SSA in four austenitic stainless steel grades was studied. The test materials were formerly cold rolled to three different reductions of 15%, 30% and 40%. Subsequently, the steels were aged at temperature range between 160 and 400 °C with ageing times from 15 to 15000 seconds. Owing to SSA, increments over 200 MPa in yield strength were observed, while elongation decreased only sl

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31

Shokohfar, A., S. M. Abbasi, Ali Yazdani, and Behnam Rabiee. "Application of Thermo-Mechanical Process to Achieve Nanostructure in 301 Austenitic Stainless Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.51.

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In this study, cold rolling and annealing are used to refine the austenite grains of 301 austenitic stainless steel. The 301 austenitic stainless steel was cold rolled for 70 and 90% strain and then annealed. Effects of cold rolling factors and temperatures and annealing times on microstructure, hardness and tensile properties have been studied.

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32

Tulinski, Maciej, Karolina Jurczyk, and Mieczyslaw Jurczyk. "Nanoscale Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 140 (October 2008): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.140.179.

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In this work Ni-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), heat treatment and nitrogenation of elemental Fe, Cr, Mn and Mo microcrystalline powders. The phase transformation from ferritic to austenitic was confirmed by XRD analysis. The mechanical and corrosion properties of the produced biomaterials were investigated. Additionally, the biocompatibility of nickel-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure and microcrystalline 316L steel, were analyzed studying the behaviour of Normal Human Osteoblast (NHOst) cells from Cambrex (CC

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33

Astafurov, Sergey, and Elena Astafurova. "Phase Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Additive Manufacturing: A Review." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071052.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is among the novel industrial technologies for fast prototyping of complex parts made from different constructional and functional materials. This review is focused on phase composition of additively manufactured chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels. Being produced by conventional methods, they typically have single-phase austenitic structure, but phase composition of the steels could vary in AM. Comprehensive analysis of recent studies shows that, depending on AM technique, chemical composition, and AM process parameters, additively manufactured austenitic s

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34

Fujikawa, Hisao. "Review of Several Studies on High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour and Mechanism of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 1097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.1097.

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Three studies on the oxidation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels were described in the present paper. (1) High temperature oxidation behaviour and its mechanism in austenitic stainless steels with high silicon: Sulfur contained as impurity in steel showed a harmful influence to the oxidation resistance of 19Cr-13Ni-3.5Si stainless steels. It was found that the abnormal oxidation was caused from the surroundings of MnS inclusions. (2) Effect of a small addition of yttrium on high temperature oxidation resistance of Si-containing austenitic stain less steels: The oxidation resistance of 1

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35

Han, Fei, Gao Yong Lin, Qian Li, Rui Fen Long, Da Shu Peng, and Qing Zhou. "Influence of Different Deformation on Microstructure and Properties of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.690.

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In this paper, a kind of 304 austenitic stainless steel sheets has been investigated, and systemic tests were conducted to study the law and mechanics of work hardening of 304 austenitic stainless steel. The results of microstructure analyzing of 304 austenitic stainless steels showed that when it was deformed by means of tensile testing at room temperature, obvious work hardening was caused by the changes of structure during the deformation. The strain-induced α-martensite, ε-martensite and deformation twins enhanced flow stress obviously, which is the main reason for the strong work hardenin

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Ryś, Janusz, and Małgorzata Witkowska. "Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Cold-Rolled Super-Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.151.

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The present examination is a part of project concerning a deformation behavior of duplex type ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. The investigations included the analysis of ferrite and austenite microstructures formed in cold-rolled sheet of super-duplex stainless steel, major deformation mechanisms operating in both constituent phases and changes in morphology of two-phase structure after the thermo-mechanical treatment and subsequent cold-rolling. Duplex type stainless steels develop the band-like ferrite-austenite morphology in the course of hot- and cold-rolling. This specific two-phase

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Penha, R. N., L. B. Silva, C. S. P. Mendonça, T. C. Moreira, and M. L. N. M. Melo. "Effect of ageing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 91 (2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1382.

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Purpose: SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are materials characterized by a favourable combination of the properties of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. This type of stainless steel presents good weldability, corrosion resistance especially for stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, this steel presents an unavoidable disadvantage that is its potential microstructural instability. Although duplex stainless steels design idea is to present two main types of microstructure, other phases and carbides or nitrides can precipitate. In the case of DSS SAF 2205, in addition to austeni

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Krolczyk, M. Grzegorz, Stanisław Legutko, and W. Radoslaw Maruda. "Influence of Cutting Parameters on Surface Morphology of Austenitic Stainless Steel after Turning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.23.

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The study presents the contribution in engineering of surfaces particularly in surface morphology of Austenitic Stainless Steels. The objective of the investigation was to determine the surface morphology of austenitic stainless steel after turning with coated carbide tool point. The investigation included geometrical parameters of SI for different cutting parameters in dry turning process of austenitic stainless steel. The study has been performed within a production facility during the production of electric motor parts and deep-well pumps.

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Nakajima, Masaki, Jae Woong Jung, Yoshihiko Uematsu, and Keiro Tokaji. "Coaxing Effect in Stainless Steels and High-Strength Steels." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.235.

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The effects of prestrain and strength level on the coaxing behavior were studied in austenitic stainless steels and high strength steels, respectively. The materials used were austenitic stainless steels, SUS304 and SUS316, and high strength steels, SCM435, SNCM439 and SUJ2. Stress incremental fatigue tests were performed using cantilever-type rotating bending fatigue testing machines. It was found that the steels except for SUJ2 showed a marked coaxing effect. Non-propagating cracks were not detected in all the steels examined. Based on hardness test, X-ray diffraction measurement and EBSD an

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Järvenpää, Antti, Matias Jaskari, Anna Kisko, and Pentti Karjalainen. "Processing and Properties of Reversion-Treated Austenitic Stainless Steels." Metals 10, no. 2 (2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020281.

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Strength properties of annealed austenitic stainless steels are relatively low and therefore improvements are desired for constructional applications. The reversion of deformation induced martensite to fine-grained austenite has been found to be an efficient method to increase significantly the yield strength of metastable austenitic stainless steels without impairing much their ductility. Research has been conducted during thirty years in many research groups so that the features of the reversion process and enhanced properties are reported in numerous papers. This review covers the main vari

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Liu, Xiao, and Yu Bo. "Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.29.

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The anodic polarization curves of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods. The effect of RE on pitting corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni stainless steels has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES after adding RE to 21Cr-11Ni stainless steesl. RE makes sulfide, and other irregular inclusions change to dispersed round or oval-shaped RE inclusions, effectively inhibits the occu

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Ryś, Janusz, and Wiktoria Ratuszek. "Rolling Texture Formation in Super-Duplex Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 163 (June 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.163.145.

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The present research is a part of project which concerns a deformation behavior of duplex type ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. This paper focuses on the examination of ferrite and austenite textures formed upon thermo-mechanical treatment and deformation textures developed during cold-rolling of super-duplex stainless steel sheet. The character and stability of the textures observed in both phases over a wide deformation range are the result of two-phase morphology formed upon hot- and subsequent cold-rolling. The specific band-like morphology of the ferrite-austenite structure creates d

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Topolska, S., and J. Łabanowski. "Environmental Degradation of Dissimilar Austenitic 316L and Duplex 2205 Stainless Steels Welded Joints." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 4 (2017): 2107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0312.

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AbstractThe paper describes structure and properties of dissimilar stainless steels welded joints between duplex 2205 and austenitic 316L steels. Investigations were focused on environmentally assisted cracking of welded joints. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement was determined in slow strain rate tests (SSRT) with the strain rate of 2.2 × 10−6s−1. Chloride-inducted SCC was determined in the 35% boiling water solution of MgCl2environment at 125°C. Hydrogen assisted SCC tests were performed in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization conditio

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Ryś, J., and A. Zielińska-Lipiec. "Deformation of Ferrite-Austenite Banded Structure in Cold-Rolled Duplex Steel / Odkształcenie Pasmowej Struktury Ferrytu I Austenitu W Walcowanej Na Zimno Stali Duplex." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 4 (2012): 1041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0116-2.

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Duplex type ferritic-austenitic stainless steels develop a specific two-phase banded structure upon thermo-mechanical pre-treatment and subsequent cold-rolling. The band-like morphology of ferrite and austenite imposes different conditions on plastic deformation of both constituent phases in comparison to one-phase ferritic and austenitic steels. In the present research the ingot of a model ferritic-austenitic steel of duplex type, produced by laboratory melt, was subjected to preliminary thermo-mechanical treatment including forging and solution annealing. Afterwards cold-rolling was conducte

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Mannan, S. L., and V. Shankar. "Weldability of Austenitic Stainless Steels." Indian Welding Journal 32, no. 4 (1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v32i4.177680.

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Collings, E. W., and R. L. Cappelletti. "Mictomagnetism in austenitic stainless steels." Cryogenics 25, no. 12 (1985): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(85)90194-8.

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Speidel, M. O. "Nitrogen Containing Austenitic Stainless Steels." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 37, no. 10 (2006): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200600068.

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Tavassoli, A. A. "Assessment of austenitic stainless steels." Fusion Engineering and Design 29 (March 1995): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(95)80044-x.

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Reed, Richard P. "Nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels." JOM 41, no. 3 (1989): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220991.

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Karadas, Riza, Ozgur Celik, and Huseyin Cimenoglu. "Low Temperature Nitriding of a Martensitic Stainless Steel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.994.

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Nitriding is as an effective technique applied for many years to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of low carbon and tool steels [1]. In the case of stainless steels, increase of surface hardness and wear resistance accompany by a drop in corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of CrN. In this respect, many attempts have been made to modify the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels to increase their surface hardness and wear resistance without scarifying the corrosion resistance [2-6]. It is finally concluded that, nitriding at temperatures lower than conventional nitrid

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