Academic literature on the topic 'Stainless steel components'

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Journal articles on the topic "Stainless steel components"

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Negi, B. S. "Case Studies on Field Repairs of Stainless Steel Components in Refinery." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.375.

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Stainless steels (SS) possess excellent corrosion, creep and high temperature oxidation resistance and are invariably used in refinery for construction of heater tubes, tube supports, Heat exchanger bundles, piping and internal lining of pressure vessels. Ferritic stainless steel type 405 is used for column strip-lining, martensitic stainless steel type 410 is used for column trays and heater tubes and austenitic stainless steel family is used very extensively for lining, piping, heat exchanger, heater tubes and tube supports. On-stream and turnaround condition monitoring of plant and equipment are carried out for health assessment and mitigation of premature failure. However, catastrophic failures of stainless steel due to stress corrosion cracking, thermal fatigue and stress relaxation cracking are encountered in addition to bulging and cracking of strip-lining. Field repairs of these components are required to be done. Stainless steels are difficult to weld due to low thermal conductivity, higher coefficient of thermal expansion, fissuring and solidification cracking problem during welding. Lower heat input and fast cooling facilitate the welding process. Welding of service exposed stainless steels is more challenging, as it has already undergone metallurgical degradation. Welding of stainless steels is carried out using TIG and SMAW process with matching electrode after establishing the welding specification procedures and welders qualification. Field repairs of stainless steels components are also attempted with original procedures and in case of difficulties, a buttering layer of inconel (ERNiCr3) or ER 309Mo is provided on the welding surface before using matching electrodes. Quality assurance of weld joint is ensured by stage-wise inspection and non-destructive testing. Dye penetrant test of root run and radiographic examination of final weld joint are most common. Post weld heat treatment is done as per code requirement. This Paper highlights three case studies on field repairs of stainless steel components in refinery. 1. Welding procedure followed for repair of bulged and cracked SS 316 strip-lining and cladding on carbon steel backing material. It is a dissimilar welding of SS 316L with degraded carbon steel. 2. Field welding of SS 347 Piping components, which has undergone thermal relaxation cracking at fillet joints. 3. Welding repair of SS 310 cast heater tube support conforming to A 297 Gr HK 40. The Paper also presents brief failure analysis with reasons and remedies.
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Lopez, Juan Manuel Salgado, María Inés Alvarado, Hector Vergara Hernandez, José Trinidad Perez Quiroz, and Luis Olmos. "Failure of Stainless Steel Welds Due to Microstructural Damage Prevented by In Situ Metallography." Soldagem & Inspeção 21, no. 2 (2016): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/si2102.03.

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Abstract In stainless steels, microstructural damage is caused by precipitation of chromium carbides or sigma phase. These microconstituents are detrimental in stainless steel welds because they lead to weld decay. Nevertheless, they are prone to appear in the heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructure of stainless steel welds. This is particularly important for repairs of industrial components made of austenitic stainless steel. Non-destructive metallography can be applied in welding repairs of AISI 304 stainless steel components where it is difficult to ensure that no detrimental phase is present in the HAZ microstructure. The need of microstructural inspection in repairs of AISI 304 is caused because it is not possible to manufacture coupons for destructive metallography, with which the microstructure can be analyzed. In this work, it is proposed to apply in situ metallography as non-destructive testing in order to identify microstructural damage in the microstructure of AISI 304 stainless steel welds. The results of this study showed that the external surface micrographs of the weldment are representative of HAZ microstructure of the stainless steel component; because they show the presence of precipitated metallic carbides in the grain boundaries or sigma phase in the microstructure of the HAZ.
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Hariharan, Ramakrishnan, Balasundaram Rathinam, Baskar Neelakandan, Radhakrishnan Beemaraj, and Chellamuthu Kannan. "Surface modification method of duplex type stainless steels by the pack boriding process." Chemical Industry 75, no. 3 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind210103019h.

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This work presents the investigation of a boriding process on two grades of stainless steel namely UNS32750 super duplex stainless steel and UNSS31803 duplex stainless steel in order to improve material properties and possibly to reduce catastrophic failure of industrial components. Usage of duplex stainless steels has become customary in the fields of oil and refinery, marine and pipeline applications due to increased corrosion resistance; however, these materials exhibit low wear characteristics. To overcome this problem, in this work the pack boriding process was employed. Evaluation of effects of the boriding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties was performed using scanning electron and optical microscopy, Vickers hardness tests and wear tests. It was shown that the 4 h process resulted in the greatest boriding layer thickness yielding the maximum surface hardness of 1407 HV in the super duplex stainless steel UNS32750 while this value was 1201 HV in the duplex stainless steel UNSS31803. Wear resistance of borided materials were up to 6-fold greater than those of non - treated materials. Also, the borided duplex materials were shown to be more suitable for industrial applications for valve and shaft components as compared to the boronized super duplex stainless steel.
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Bogie, K. D., D. Alexander, and R. Kirk. "Ageing of cast stainless steel components." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 50, no. 1-3 (1992): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-0161(92)90036-f.

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Kida, Katsuyuki, Koretoko Okamoto, Masayuki Ishida, Koshiro Mizobe, and Takuya Shibukawa. "Observation of Corrosion Resistance of 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo Stainless Steel Quenched by Induction Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.140.

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13%-Cr martensitic stainless steels are widely used in the production of many mechanical components that require high hardness and good corrosion resistance. In the present work, 20mm-diameter 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo steel bars were quenched by induction heating (IH) method and after that tempered in a farness. 240 hours corrosion test of the bars was carried out using a salt spray testing method (JIS Z 2371:2000). The results were compared to two stainless steels, SUS304 and SUS440C. Their inner hardness distributions were measured. It was found that the hardness of IH-quenched and farness-tempered 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo stainless steel is almost the same as that of the SUS440C. The 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo steel has the same corrosion resistance as the SUS304 steel.
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Ene, Anna, Ioan Both, Ovidiu Abrudan, Aurel Stratan, Horia Florin Daşcău, and Nicușor Alin Sîrbu. "Experimental Investigation of Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of High-Performance Steels." Key Engineering Materials 953 (August 25, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-k0xked.

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As a new trend in modern structural design, the high-performance steels are increasingly used in steel structures, due to their superior mechanical properties, which could have decisive impact on the resistance and deformation capacity of structural components. High-performance steels include stainless and high-strength steels. The higher proof stress of the high-strength steels allows using thinner sections and material economy for those structural elements that do not experience stability problems. Austenitic stainless steel shows a series of advantages, including low maintenance costs and an excellent toughness at low temperatures. But the main characteristic which matters especially in seismic design, is the higher ductility, larger strain hardening and elongation at fracture in comparison with carbon steels. In this paper, the analysis of the behaviour of 1.4404 austenitic stainless steel and of S690 high-strength steel, in comparison with a reference S235 mild carbon steel is presented. This paper presents the assessment of the monotonic and cyclic performance of these steel grades, as well as the failure pattern, in order to assess the potential use in structural applications.
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Júnior, Francisco Alves de Lima, Ricardo Artur Sanguinetti Ferreira, and Rômulo Rocha de Araújo Lima. "Study for Performance Increase of a Extractor Device by Steel Replacement of AISI 304 Steel for AISI 420 Steel." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010280.

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The performance of an extractor device used in the food industry was studied from the development of structural analysis through computational modeling based on finite elements. These analyses considered the mechanical properties of AISI 304 and 420 stainless steels, in addition to the tribological aspects of the device in operation. Initially, uniaxial tensile tests were carried out according to the ABNT NBR 6892 standard and hardness tests were carried out according to ASTM E384, E92, and E18 standards. From the mechanical tests, structural analyses were carried out numerically on each of the components of the extractor device. After analyzing all the components, the device was assembled to be tested in operation. The wear and service life of devices made from these two materials were evaluated. From this study, it could be concluded that the extractor device made with AISI 420 stainless steel, in addition to having a lower manufacturing cost, suffered less wear and had an increase in service life of up to 650% compared to the extractor device made with steel stainless steel AISI 304.
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Wang, Li Jun, and Chun Ming Liu. "Martensitic Stainless Steel as Alternative for Hot Stamping Steel with High Product of Strength and Ductility." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.37.

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Though more and more structural and safety automobile components are manufactured using hot stamping technology for the advantage of excellent shape accuracy while producing ultra high strength parts without any springback.Fewer hot stamping steels are developed except 22MnB5 steel, which exhibits ultra-high strength but limited ductility. Inspired by the application of quenching and partitioning C-Mn-Si steel, the microstructure and properties of a 30Cr13 steel subjected to quenching and partitioning treatment were studied to evaluate the possibility of martensitic stainless steel as alternative for hot stamping steel with high product of strength and ductility. The experiment result shows that, enhanced mechanical properties of Rel=1350MPa, Rm=1740MPa, and A=17.5% can be achieved through appropriate treatment. Due to the unique phase transformation conditions of martensitic stainless steel, processing parameters and corresponding equipments for automobile components manufacturing have to been investigated.
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Song, Quan Ming, and David Wert. "State of the Art Stainless Steel Provides Improved Properties for Widely Varying Applications." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.341.

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Carpenter Technology Corporation’s Custom 465® stainless steel is a state-of-the-art alloy which has seen its applications expanding at a rapid rate. This alloy is a premium double vacuum melted (VIM/VAR) martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that offers an excellent combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. With its exceptional properties, design engineers have specified the alloy for high-performance components in various industries, such as aerospace, industrial, energy, consumer and medical. The high strength, greater than 250 ksi (1722 MPa) typical, and toughness of the alloy have allowed Custom 465 stainless to be used as a high-strength upgrade to conventional PH stainless steels such as 13-8 and 17-4. The addition of corrosion resistance to the high strength and toughness properties has allowed the alloy to be used as a stainless alternative to non-stainless steels such as AISI 4340 and 300M. This paper will compare mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Custom 465 stainless steel to those of other PH stainless steels such as 17-4, 15-5, and 13-8, as well as to those of other aerospace alloys such as 300M and AerMet® 100 alloy. In addition, examples of the varied uses of the alloy will be provided, these examples will highlight the benefits obtained by the use of Custom 465 stainless steel over the previous alloys of choice for the applications.
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Nakahara, Masao. "Degradation/Damage Modes and their Control Measures for Stainless Steel Components in Chemical Plants." Advanced Materials Research 794 (September 2013): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.794.681.

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Safe and continuous operation of chemical plants is the most important issue for sustainability of chemical enterprises. The control and prevention of degradation/damage on components used in chemical plants are indispensable for this purpose. Although varied types of material, such as stainless steels, Ni-based alloys and reactive metals, are in use to control these phenomena in plants, various cases of degradation/damage have actually been experienced and the accidents caused by such degradation have occasionally been reported. In order to prevent such uncontrolled degradation, it is thought necessary to predict the likelihood of degradation of materials under actual operating conditions, to use compatible materials, to detect the degradation by inspection in advance and to apply proper countermeasures based on realistic life estimation of the plant concerned. In order to follow these processes properly, extensive accumulation and orderly organization of knowledge about the mechanisms on degradation/damages, characteristics of materials, inspection technics and methods of plant life estimation are thought of vital importance. As stainless steel is the commonly used material in chemical plants, sufficient accumulation of informattion and knowledge about the stainless steel components to be used is considered the most important subject to prevent the degradation/damage in chemical plants. This paper enumerates the characteristics of commonly encountered modes of degradation with stainless steel components in chemical plants and presents some cases of the degradation/damage on stainless steel equipment in plants, together with control measures required to prevent such degradation. The present-day problems of materials engineering relating to the reliability of chemical plants and the countermeasures against degradation/damage are also presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stainless steel components"

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Lang, Adam. "Contamination and decontamination of steel components." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contamination-and-decontamination-of-steel-components(32951cc3-b259-4e0b-b97e-fcc45c507bb7).html.

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Nuclear plant stainless steel can become contaminated by radionuclides during normal operation whereby the final disposition of these materials then becomes a major decommissioning challenge to address. Characterisation of the chemical and metallurgical processes that underpin contamination is essential in consideration of developing cost effective decontamination and prevention methods, as are in situ measurement techniques that allow assessment of contamination. To address these issues, contamination experiments to simulate the nitric acid-based reprocessing streams of the PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Redox Extraction) process, and alkaline spent fuel storage ponds were investigated. Solution and surface spectroscopic measurements were performed to characterise the sorption behaviour of stable analogues of two high yield fission products, Sr-90 and Cs-137, on as received and 30 % cold rolled AISI Type 304 stainless steel, respectively. In addition Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was also investigated as a standoff contamination assessment technique. Fission product accumulation was modelled to a second order kinetic fit that considers chemisorption, typically to a hydrous metal oxide surface, as rate controlling. This process is observed to be independent of solution composition and strain processing regime. This behaviour reflects complexation to the passivating surface chromium oxide film, and as determined by depth elemental analysis, effectively inhibits contaminant migration into the bulk material. Environment chemistry and microstructural variables that destabilise the Cr-rich passive film however reduces the passive layer capabilities to effectively inhibit fission product bulk diffusion. The importance of corrosion phenomena towards radionuclide sorption processes necessitates the consideration of metallurgical and chemical factors during the implementation of decontamination approaches to treat affected plant material at nuclear licenced sites. LIBS was found to be a satisfactory technique for measurement of Sr sorbed to steel but Cs could not be detected at the concentrations used in this experimentation. Furthermore, EDX and TOF-SIMS elemental mapping indicated ablated material may be redistributed into the crater profile during elemental analysis. This process has clear implications for the deployment of LIBS for in situ characterisation of nuclear materials as the uncontrolled redistribution of radioactive material certainly violates decommissioning principles.
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Groshek, Isaac Gerard. "Corrosion Behavior of ASTM A1010 Stainless Steel for Applications in Bridge Components." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78191.

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The purpose of this research was the investigation of the corrosion behavior of a low chromium-content stainless steel, ASTM A1010, for use in steel bridge members. This stainless steel has been marketed as a potential replacement for conventional structural steels for bridges located in highly-corrosive environments, with the potential to provide life-cycle cost savings. Further investigation of the corrosion behavior of A1010 in corrosive environments was required for three bridge-specific applications: the galvanic corrosion of A1010 connected to plates and fasteners composed of dissimilar metals; the crevice corrosion of A1010 plates connected with other A1010 plates; and the effect of varying surface preparation techniques on the corrosion behavior of A1010. These behaviors were studied through the implementation of an accelerated cyclic corrosion test, the modified SAE J2334 Surface Vehicle Standard specification. Results from the accelerated corrosion test indicated the following: galvanic corrosion rates of A1010 with dissimilar metal plates may result in accelerated corrosion rates of the dissimilar metal plates beyond desirable levels; connections to many non-stainless fastener types show cause for concerns with galvanic corrosion, while B8 Class 2 austenitic stainless steel bolt assemblies exhibited superior performance; the relative corrosion-resistance of A1010 is decreased in detailing susceptible to crevice corrosion; and finally, numerous abrasive blasting procedures appear to be suitable for use with A1010.<br>Master of Science
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Hargreaves, Martin Lawrence. "Digital processing of ultrasound signals back-scattered from coarse grained austenitic stainless steel." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329895.

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Gandossi, L. "Crack growth behaviour in austenitic stainless steel components under combined thermal fatigue and creep loading." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637024.

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This thesis describes the work carried out in an investigation of crack growth behaviour in 316L steel hollow cylindrical components subjected to conditions of thermal fatigue interacting with creep. Type 316L austenitic stainless steel is a widely used material for high-temperature structural components such as heat exchangers. A thorough knowledge of its behaviour in the presence of severe cyclic loading with dwell times at high temperature and under the superimposition of sustained mechanical loads is highly desirable. A review of the relevant literature background, necessary to understand both the fatigue and creep mechanisms in relation to crack initiation and growth, is given. Physical and mechanical properties of the material under examination are then presented. The design and construction of a unique experimental facility able to reproduce the required conditions of creep/thermal fatigue interaction is described. In order to generate the required temperature gradients, induction heating was used to cyclically heat the external surface of thick-walled cylindrical component between 80° and 600°C while the internal surface was cooked by water flow. A mechanical load could be axially introduced in the specimen by means of a dead-weight creep machine. Artificial defects, simulating actual stress concentrators in real components, acted as crack starters. The direct current potential drop method was used for in-situ real-time crack growth monitoring. A significant experimental activity was completed under a combination of varying experimental parameters, such as hold time, severity of the thermal shock and primary load. Numerical methodologies were applied to predict stress fields during cycling and to assess cracking rates. Fracture mechanics crack tip parameters were evaluated. An "effective" stress intensity factor range proved to yield satisfactory results in correlating the experimental data. A general discussion in which the experimental results are analysed is given. Finally, the principal findings are summarised and some areas for future investigation proposed.
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Glansholm, Tom. "FE-model for prediction of welding distortions in components made of preformed stainless steel sheets." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286144.

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This master thesis was carried out at Scania CV AB. The focus for this thesis is the prediction of welding distortions that can cause problems in the manufacturing process of Scania's after-treatment system. The after-treatment system is mainly assembled by sheet metal plates of the ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4509. The plates are welded together. When welding, distortions and residual stresses occur, and they also depend on the sequence in the component was welded together. The distortions and residual stresses can cause tolerance related issues and a lower lifetime for the welded components. Experiments are expensive and therefore it is desirable to simulate the welding process, thereby controlling distortions and optimizing welding sequences. To simulate the welding process and predict the welding distortions a thermo-mechanical FE-model was created for two typical welds found on the after-treatment system. The first scenario was two thin plates welded onto each other in an overlap weld joint and the second scenario was a thin plate welded onto a thick plate in a overlap weld joint. After the FE-model was compared to the experiments. An optimization of the welding sequences was also made on a larger component typically found on the after-treatment system. The FE-model can predict the distortion shape with good accuracy for the T-fillet weld, while the model predicted a more symmetric distortion shape on the overlap weld compared to a more asymmetric shape found on the experiments, but the error is still not very large. The Fe-model can also be used to optimize the welding sequence for bigger components on the after-treatment system within a reasonable time span compared to doing the opimization manually in an experiment.<br>Detta examensarbete gjordes för Scania CV AB. Fokus for detta examensarbete har varit kvarvarande deformationer efter svetsning som kan skapa problem vid tillverkningen av Scanias avgasefterbehandlingssystem. Avgasefterbehandlingssystemet är till mesta dels konstruerat av stålplåtar av det ferritiska rostfria stålet EN 1.4509, plåtarna är svetsade ihop och då uppstår kvarvarande deformationer. När komponenter svetsas samman uppstår deformationer och restspänningar. Dessa deformationer och restspänningar är också beroende på i vilken sekvens komponenterna har svetsats ihop. Deformationerna och restspänningarna kan skapa problem med toleranser och sänka livslängden för komponenterna som sammanfogats. Experiment är kostsamma och därför är det önskvärt att simulera svetsprocessen, och därav kontrollera deformationerna som uppstår och optimera i vilken sekvens som komponenterna ska svetsas ihop. För att simulera svetsprocessen och prediktera de kvarvarande deformationerna efter svetsning så gjordes termo-mekanisk FE-model för två vanliga svetsscenarion för avgasefterbehandlingssystemet. Det ena scenariot är två tunna plåtar som svetsas ihop i en överlappande position och det andra var en tunn plåt som svetsas på en tjockare plåt. Ett experiment gjordes sedan för båda svetstyperna. Efter att svetstyperna hade jämförts med experimentet så gjordes en optimering av svetssekvensen för en större komponent likt komponenter funna på avgasefterbehandlingssystemet. Den termomekaniska FE-modelen kunde prediktera de kvarnvarande deformationerna och deras form med bra noggrannhet jämfört med experimentet med undantag för en deformationsform på de tunna plåtarna som var mer symmetrisk i FE-modellen jämfört med den asymmetriska formen i experimentet. FE-modellen kunde också användas för att optimera svetssekvensen för den större komponenten inom en rimlig tidsrymd.
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Johnston, Scott R. "Initial stage sintering model of 316L stainless steel with application to three dimensionally printed (3DPtm) components /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7052.

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Doff, Julia. "Surface modification of ion transfer components for use in mass spectrometers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/surface-modification-of-ion-transfer-components-for-use-in-mass-spectrometers(e4e5d199-a290-4ce0-afdc-a52a62423f42).html.

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The contamination of 316L stainless steel surfaces within an electrospray ionisation source of a mass spectrometer is investigated. An accelerated method of contamination is used. Following initial test method development and investigation of the contamination resulting on the ion transfer components (sample cone, outer cone and extraction cone), flat samples are employed within the ionisation source. This enables characterisation of the contamination composition, morphology and build-up with time. Blood plasma is introduced into the mass spectrometer as it is a widely analysed substance that is known to result in contamination. The contamination from a mixture of human blood plasma, diluted in methanol, and a water/acetonitrile mobile phase is found to contain inorganic NaCl crystals embedded in a matrix of organic residues. The morphology shows self-organising features as the contamination builds. A model is proposed to explain the morphology, involving rapid evaporation of the droplets that impinge on the stainless steel surface. Two types of surface modification are considered for the stainless steel: electrochemically grown films and coatings deposited by vapour deposition. A method for electrochemical film growth is developed, enabling nanoporous films to be formed on the stainless steel in 5 M sulphuric acid at 60°C by square wave pulse polarisation between active or transpassive and passive potentials. The films are characterised using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis. The films are shown to be chromium- and molybdenum-rich relative to the substrate, and to consist mainly of sulphates, oxides and hydroxides. The morphology and composition of the films are discussed in relation to the polarisation conditions and mechanism of film formation. A range of vapour deposited coatings are considered: TiN, TiC, TiB2, Graphit-iC, and diamond-like carbon coatings with Si and N2 dopants and with varying sp2:sp3 ratios. In addition, a hydrophobic coating is deposited on the stainless steel by immersion, in order to provide a significant variation in surface energy. Surface analysis of the coatings is carried out, considering their sp2:sp3 ratios, their electrical conductivities, their water contact angle, and the various components of the surface energy. The contamination build-up on the surface of uncoated 316L stainless steel is compared with that on stainless steel with the various surface modifications. A method for quantification of the build-up of contamination on flat samples is developed using white light interferometry. The surface modifications which result in the slowest contamination build-up with time are then applied to the ion transfer components of the mass spectrometer. The robustness of the mass spectrometric response for the selected coated surfaces is compared with that of the uncoated stainless steel. The electrochemically grown films and two of the doped diamond-like carbon coatings are found to be successful in reducing the build-up of contamination.
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Imbaby, Mohamed. "Fabrication of 316-L stainless steel and composite micro machine components using softlithography and powder metallurgy process." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1212/.

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This thesis presents a new approach to fabricate high precision micro machine components from stainless steel and stainless steel ceramic composite materials, using Softlithography and powder metallurgy processes. Three different 316-L stainless steel powders, including 5, 10 and 16 μm in size, and two different ceramics powders, including 400 nm alumina and 320 nm titania, were tested. The PhD research process can be divided into three main stages. In the first stage, high quality SU-8 master moulds and their negative replicas soft moulds are produced using Softlithography technique. The second stage includes preparing the stainless steel slurries, filling the soft micro moulds, obtaining the green micro components, de-binding and sintering. In the third stage, the fabrication process has been developed further to produce stainless steel-ceramic composite micro components. Fabrication process in each stage was investigated in detail and the optimum properties were produced. Dispersant acrylic-based binder is adopted in this research successfully in producing damage-free green micro components. A cold isostatic pressing technique is also adopted to improve the densities and linear shrinkages of the stainless steel green and sintered micro components. A new mixing method is used to improve the homogeneity of the ceramic inclusions in the stainless steel matrix of the composite micro components. Characterization of the sintered stainless steel and composite micro components in terms of shape retention, density, linear shrinkage, internal structure, hardness and surface roughness were investigated in detail. The resultant stainless steel and composite micro components retain the same high geometric quality as the SU-8 master moulds.
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Wasylyk, Andrew Paul. "New insights into the competition between ductile tearing and plastic collapse in 304(L) stainless steel components." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/new-insights-into-the-competition-between-ductile-tearing-and-plastic-collapse-in-304l-stainless-steel-components(e6692805-e5c8-4fb0-a351-7725579eeb96).html.

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Structural integrity assessment of nuclear components assessed using the R6 Failure Assessment Diagram approach requires an understanding of the limiting condition in terms of both fracture and plastic collapse. For ductile materials, such as stainless steels used for nuclear components, including the primary pipe-work of a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR), the limiting condition defined by plastic collapse is likely to occur prior to the initiation of fracture. This is due to the relatively low yield stress of the material and the high fracture toughness. If this is the case, structural integrity may be solely assessed on plastic collapse criteria, with little or no reference to fracture toughness; thus considerably simplifying the assessment procedure, whilst maintaining the integrity of the plant. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding of fracture under plastic collapse conditions is required to make a robust case for single parameter assessments based on a plastic collapse criterion alone. The challenge in this project lay in understanding and predicting ductile fracture initiation under large-scale yielding conditions, i.e. outside the normal validity limits of conventional elastic-plastic fracture mechanics as plastic collapse conditions are achieved. The approach developed in this research has explored three fracture assessment methods: (a) two parameter fracture mechanics based on the J-integral and a refined Q-parameter calculated closer to the crack-tip under widespread plasticity than is conventionally the case, (b) two local approach methods based on critical void growth ratio defined by Rice and Tracey, and (c) a local approach method based on the critical work of fracture. All three methodologies were found to adequately describe failure across a range of constraint conditions. The fracture toughness constraint dependence of 304(L) stainless steel was studied experimentally and analytically. Significant constraint loss was shown to occur in nominally high constraint fracture toughness specimens due to extensive plastic deformation at fracture initiation. Furthermore, significant fracture toughness constraint dependence was observed experimentally. An analytical method using local approach criteria was developed to predict high constraint fracture toughness, required for structural integrity assessments, and to quantify the constraint dependence fracture toughness as a function of two parameter fracture mechanics based on the J-integral and the refined Q-parameter. The influence of constraint on the prediction of failure in a stainless steel pipe containing a fully circumferential crack of various depths was investigated analytically for a range of loading conditions. A refined constraint independent failure assessment methodology was developed using local approach analyses. Using this methodology, the pipe component was shown to consistently fail by plastic collapse irrespective of the crack depth or loading condition. The conservatism of the conventional structural integrity assessment was quantified and shown to vary with crack depth and with loading conditions. This research has suggested that failure in a 304(L) stainless steel pipe will be by plastic collapse prior to ductile initiation for a limited range of defects and loading conditions. Further analytical studies and experimental work will be required to demonstrate whether this observation is general for a wider range of defects and loading conditions.
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Ihonen, Jari. "Development of characterisation methods for the components of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3660.

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<p>In this work characterisation methods and fuel cell hardwarewere developed for studying the components of the polymerelectrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). Humidifiers and other componentswere tested in order to develop reproducible and reliableexperimental techniques. A set-up for testing larger cells andstacks was developed.</p><p>A new type of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell wasdeveloped for laboratory investigations. Current collectormaterial and gas flow channels can easily be modified in thisconstruction. The electrode potentials can be measured at thegas backing layers, thereby allowing measurement of contactresistances. The use of a reference electrode is alsopossible.</p><p>Contact resistances were studied in situ as a function oftime, clamping pressure, gas pressure and current density.Ex-situ measurements were used to validate the in-situ contactresistance measurements. The validity and error sources of theapplied in-situ measurement methods with reference electrodesand potential probes were studied using both computersimulations and experiments.</p><p>An in-house membrane electrode assembly (MEA) productionline was developed. In-house produced MEAs were utilised inboth membrane degradation and mass transport studies.</p><p>The durability testing of PVDF based membranes membranes wasstudied both by fuel cell experiments and ex-situ testing.Raman spectra were measured for used membranes.</p><p>A current distribution measurement method was developed. Theeffect of inlet humidification and gas composition at thecathode side was studied. In addition, two different flow fieldgeometries were studied. The results of current distributionmeasurements were used to validate a PEFC model.</p><p>Methods for characterising gas diffusion layer (GDL)performance by fuel cell testing and ex-situ measurements weredeveloped. The performance of GDL materials was tested withvarying cell compression and cathode humidity. Porosity, poresize distribution and contact angle were determined. Electricalcontact resistance, thermal impedance and gas permeabilitieswere measured at different compression levels.</p><p>Development work on a stack with stainless steel net wascarried out as well as characterisation studies of differentstack components. Thermal impedances and flow fieldpermeability were measured.</p><p>Mass transport limitations in the cathodes were studied byvarying the electrode thickness, partial pressure and humidityof oxygen.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFC),contact resistance, clamping pressure, stainless steel,membrane degradation, current distribution, gas diffusionlayer, stack, thermal impedance, permeability.</p>
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Books on the topic "Stainless steel components"

1

J, Shack W., Argonne National Laboratory, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research., eds. Mechanical properties of thermally aged cast stainless steels from Shippingport Reactor components. Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1995.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Corrosion fatigue crack initiation in duplex stainless steel paper making components. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. Corrosion fatigue crack initiation in duplex stainless steel paper making components. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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4

Baddoo, N. R. Design of Stainless Steel Fixings and Ancillary Components. Steel Construction Institute,The, 1993.

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Corrosion fatigue crack initiation in duplex stainless steel paper making components. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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Recovery and Repassivation after Low pH Excursions in Open Recirculating Cooling Water Systems. AMPP, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/nace_rp0392-1995.

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Scope This standard recommended practice presents guidelines for preplanning for, recovering from, and repassivation after a low pH excursion in open recirculating water systems, no matter what the cause. The procedures presented in this standard in no way preclude the use of other procedures but are presented as a consensus of experience gained over the years in a variety of plants. The provisions of this standard should be applied under the direction of qualified water-treatment personnel from water-treatment suppliers and/or consultants and plant personnel. This standard was originally prepared in 1992 and subsequently revised in 1995 by Task Group T-7A-15, a component of Unit Committee T-7A on Cooling Water. The task group is composed of representatives from the refining, petrochemical, chemical, and water-treatment industries. This standard was published by NACE International under the auspices of Group Committee T-7 on Corrosion by Waters. The discussions and procedures in this standard are applicable to low-carbon steel metallurgy. They need to be modified for systems that contain copper-based alloys, stainless steels, other metals, and other materials of construction. Low pH excursions are perhaps the most devastating of all cooling water system upsets. The inadvertent reduction in pH because of acid overfeed, process leaks, or airborne acid gases can result in a number of serious problems.
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Book chapters on the topic "Stainless steel components"

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Ullah, Rizwan, Eric Fangnon, and Juha Huuki. "Effect of Ultrasonic Burnishing Parameters on Burnished-Surface Quality of Stainless Steel After Heat Treatment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18326-3_4.

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AbstractUltrasonic burnishing induces beneficial compressive stresses and high surface quality in components with contact as a functional requirement. It was observed in previous work that some burnishing parameters can hinder burnishability of stainless steels. In this research tangential misalignment angles (TMA) for burnishing were varied considering as-supplied and heat-treated stainless steel. Properties such as surface hardness and surface roughness were measured after burnishing process. Electron Backscatter Diffraction was performed to characterize microstructure using Matlab (MTEX) to calculate average grain areas. By changing burnishing parameters, i.e., shaft rotational speed and burnishing tool diameter, it was observed that burnishing was less successful. Nevertheless, significant improvement in burnished surface quality was observed after heat-treatment process. In addition, grain size characterization revealed mean grain area reduction from 26 µm2 for unburnished to 11 µm2 and 3 µm2 for burnished and heat-treated samples respectively. Most importantly this work reveals the enhanced possibility of burnishing stainless steels after heat-treatment with varying tangential misalignment angles.
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Folkhard, Erich. "General Instructions for the Welding and Post-Weld Surface Treatments of Fabrications and Welded Components Made from Austenitic Stainless Steel." In Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels. Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8965-8_10.

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Xie, Caibo, Songhan Nie, Yiqi Tao, and Zhanpeng Lu. "Correlating IASCC Growth Rate Data to Some Key Parameters for Austenitic Stainless Steels in High Temperature Water." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_89.

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AbstractAustenitic stainless steels have been widely used for fabricating reactor core-internal components in PWRs due to its high strength, ductility and fracture toughness. The accelerated failure or degradation of austenitic stainless steel represented by IASCC has become one of the key problems affecting the safe and efficient operation of reaction core-internal in PWR nuclear power plants. IASCC is generally divided into three stages: crack initiation, crack propagation and instable fracture. Among the three stages, the crack initiation stage would occupy the major service time, the crack growth stage is featured by quasi-steady crack propagation at a certain rate, and the instable fracture stage should be avoided. Stress intensity factor K at the crack tip is often used to represent the mechanical driving force for SCC as well as IASCC.In this paper, SCC crack growth rate (CGR) data of austenitic stainless steels irradiated in high temperature water were compiled and reanalyzed to evaluate the influence of key parameters such as radiation dose and mechanical properties on IASCC sensitivity and crack growth rate of these materials in PWR nuclear power plant environment. The CGR-K curves of the irradiated materials were also analyzed. The effects of low, medium and high doses of neutron irradiation are compared, and the analysis process is illustrated with examples. In the research process, abnormal CGR and K of materials under a specific irradiation dose was found, so this phenomenon was analyzed. The CGR data and irradiation dose of austenitic stainless steel in different K range were analyzed. And proposed a way to judge the type of change:type I, type II and type III. Finally, the yield strength of the material under the same irradiation dose was found, and combined with other research data, it was further demonstrated that the neutron irradiation dose had a significant effect on the crack growth rate.
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Song, Jian Li, Qi Lin Deng, C. Y. Chen, and De Jin Hu. "Experimental Study on the Laser Direct Fabrication of Stainless Steel Components." In Advances in Machining & Manufacturing Technology VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-999-7.239.

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Wolters, Kevin, Mohammad Sayem Bin Abdullah, Nithin Rangasamy, James Caudill, C. S. Rakurty, and I. S. Jawahir. "Sustainable Cutting Fluid Usage in Bandsawing of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel: Surface Integrity Evaluation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_67.

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AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (MAM) components often require postprocessing for end applications. Bandsawing is an alternative process established in industry to remove parts from the build plate in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The removal of WAAM components from the build plate by bandsawing shows high potential, especially in the sustainable manufacturing of large-scale MAM parts. This work aims to study the influence of cooling conditions on the surface integrity of band sawed WAAM and conventionally manufactured 316L stainless steel. Sustainable cutting fluid strategies could impact surface integrity and their effectiveness in bandsawing MAM parts. The investigated cooling strategies are compressed air, minimum quantity cooling (MQC), and flood cooling. The surface integrity metrics of the band-sawed surfaces have been evaluated. The work aims to gain a deeper understanding of bandsawing AM components for industrial applications. Overall, the sustainable cutting fluid solution, MQC, has a similar effect on the surface roughness, microstructure, and cutting forces, compared to flood cooling.
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O’Donnell, M. P., R. C. Hurst, L. Lamain, and D. Taylor. "Crack Growth from Defects in 316L Stainless Steel Components under Thermal Fatigue/Creep Loading." In Fatigue under Thermal and Mechanical Loading: Mechanisms, Mechanics and Modelling. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8636-8_8.

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Rosmaninho, R., H. Visser, and L. Melo. "Influence of the surface tension components of stainless steel on fouling caused by calcium phosphate." In Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XVI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b11627.

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Rosmaninho, R., H. Visser, and L. Melo. "Influence of the surface tension components of stainless steel on fouling caused by calcium phosphate." In Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XVI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36462-7_45.

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Ahmed, Toukir, Ferdous Al Rafi, and Shahed Mahmud. "A Comparative Analysis of Different Algorithms for Optimizing Cutting Force Components in Turning Stainless Steel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_107.

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Sherif, Mohamed Y., Bo Han, and Lars Kahlman. "Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing of Stainless Steel and Cobalt-based Components Using Water as the Lubricant." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 9th Volume, Advances in Rolling Contact Fatigue Strength Testing and Related Substitute Technologies. ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp104603.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stainless steel components"

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Saithala, Janardhan Rao, Amjad Kharusi, Mohammed Ghafri, et al. "Failure Cases of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17689.

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Abstract 25 Cr super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) centrifugal pumps have found vast applications in the Oil &amp; Gas industry for produced water injection systems. An important factor in water injection pump material selection is the need to provide adequate corrosion resistance throughout the operating life cycle. Presence of solids and/or other contaminants in the pumped fluid (e.g. traces of solids, water cut percentage, hydrogen sulphide, chlorides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide content) can impact the corrosion resistance of water injection pumps. SDSS material is used in critical pump components such as casing body, impellers, shafts, balancing lines etc. The main focus of this paper is to present two cases of SDSS centrifugal pump component failures associated with a casing body and balancing line. Pitting corrosion mechanism was found to be the root cause of the both pump component failures. The factors contributed to these two failures will be discussed, in addition lessons learned &amp; mitigation measures will be proposed.
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Esmacher, Mel J. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel Components in Steam Service." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01496.

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Abstract The paper discusses stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of stainless steel components due to the ingress of caustic into steam systems. Also reviewed are case histories in which laboratory investigations assisted in identifying the root causes involved and proper corrective actions to resolve this problem.
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Lardon, Jean-Marc, and Karin Jacobsson. "High Nitrogen Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel for Heavy Thickness Components in Oil and Gas." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3967.

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Abstract Though highly alloyed stainless steels or corrosion resistant nickel based alloys are widely used for many applications involving corrosion issues, their use remain mostly limited to relatively small wall thickness components. The manufacture of large wall thickness forgings is difficult as the highly corrosion resistant alloys (super-duplex stainless steels, 6Mo super-austenitic stainless steels, Ni-Cr-Mo or Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloys) cannot be made from large size ingots without significant segregation of the alloying elements. Segregations cannot be always removed with the thermo-mechanical processing of ingots and intermetallic phases remain in the final product impairing the mechanical properties and/or the corrosion resistance. This paper presents the UNS S31266 super-austenitic steel grade specially designed for improved microstructural stability and for improved mechanical properties compared to most of commercially available austenitic stainless steels and annealed corrosion resistant nickel based alloys. A specific focus is on powder metallurgal production and subsequent hot isostatic pressing (hipping) of large wall thickness components for this super-austenitic stainless steel.
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Bruemmer, S. M. "Quantitative Modeling of Sensitization Development in Austenitic Stainless Steel." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89561.

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Abstract Existing capabilities to quantitatively model carbide precipitation and sensitization development in austenitic stainless steels are assessed and critically analyzed. A theoretically-based, empirically-modified model is described which predicts carbide nucleation kinetics, chromium depletion characteristics and material degree of sensitization (DOS) as measured by the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test. Individual model components are validated by correlation to the available data base including direct comparisons to grain boundary chromium depletion. Model is shown to quantitatively predict isothermal sensitization development in a large number of commercial Type 304 and 316 stainless steel heats. This work represents a first step to evolve methods that realistically assess microstructural characteristics and structural reliability in stainless steel components and weldments.
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Francis, Roger, Glenn Byrne, Geoff Warburton, and Jason Wilson. "QA/QC Tools to Ensure the Quality of Duplex Stainless Steel Components." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01096.

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Abstract It has long been understood that the heat treatment of duplex and superduplex stainless steels is critical to obtain the optimum structure and the desired properties. Over the last twenty years there have been a number of cases where inadequately heat treated components have been delivered by the manufacturer and then subsequently identified as defective further down the supply chain. In some cases the problem was identified and resolved prior to fabrication and installation, while in others fittings have leaked in service due to poor microstructure from incorrect heat treatment. Common to all these cases is that the cast and batch production test certificate indicated that the goods met specification requirements in all respects. Hence the similitude between cast and batch specific test pieces and the production parts has been called into question. The use of additional testing when specifying these alloys is common but there is no agreement on what these tests should be. There has been extensive discussion on how best to test individual components non-destructively to detect unsatisfactory material. Some have suggested that magnetic measurement of the ferrite content is adequate, whilst others believe the test to be insufficiently discerning, resulting in too many good parts falsely being identified as “suspect” and causing unnecessary remedial action. The present paper describes the procurement specifications used by the authors’ company to ensure adequate properties in service. The paper addresses the strengths and limitations of magnetic ferrite measurements and shows how the readings are affected by manufacturing route, product form, surface roughness and radius of curvature. The paper goes on to show how the test can be used to identify material that may contain sigma phase and that in-situ metallography is then required on these suspect areas to either release the part or condemn the part to remedial heat treatment. The results of five years successful experience with this combination of tests are discussed.
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Havn, Torfinn, and Tor Hemmingsen. "Safe Use of Al-Bronze Components in 22Cr Duplex Stainless Steel Equipment." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04137.

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Abstract The use of the Al-bronze for the offshore oil and gas industry seems to decline. The Al-bronze has many advantages due to availability, cost, fabrication and corrosion resistance. The material can be used as components in valves and equipment. Based on short time testing, the use of Al-bronze coupled to 22Cr stainless steel is discussed. The testing is carried out in four environments, natural sea water, deaerated sea water, deaerated sea water with H2S and sea water with chlorine. The test results are presented as open circuit potentials and polarization curves. The results show that Al-bronze can be used together with 22Cr duplex stainless steel in deaerated sea water, and to some extent in deaerated sea water with H2S.
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Foroni, Luca, Carlo Malara, and Louis Lherbier. "Corrosion Resistance of Large Components Produced from AF932N High Nitrogen Stainless Steel Ingots." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09322.

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Abstract The availability of large components with high corrosion resistance and mechanical strength combined with high toughness is becoming an increasing need in oil and gas industry as well as for power and petrochemical applications. Duplex and super-duplex stainless steels provide a good combination of such properties but they are limited in thickness because of strong toughness reduction and possible presence of sigma phase on large sections. Because of the well-known beneficial effect of nitrogen on austenite stabilization, corrosion resistance, strength and toughness, high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels containing nitrogen above 0.5 % can provide an excellent alternative to duplex and super-duplex stainless steels, especially for a product thickness as large as 350 mm and greater. In this context, a high nitrogen steel designated as AF932N has been manufactured in large section sizes. Details of manufacturing process and characterization of AF932N alloy in terms of mechanical properties, microstructure and corrosion resistance, especially in regards to hydrogen embrittlement are presented and discussed in this paper.
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Mameng, Sukanya Hägg, Wanida Pongsaksawad, Claes Tigerstrand, and Pranpreeya Wangjina. "Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel: Field Exposures of Stainless Steel in Chloride-rich Atmospheric Conditions." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00487.

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Abstract Corrosion can significantly impact the service life of structures and their components in maritime coastal regions. One of the primary reasons for selecting stainless steel for structural applications in marine environments is its exceptional corrosion resistance, which ensures long-term durability. Additionally, aesthetic considerations are crucial when choosing stainless steel for architectural purposes. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of stainless steel can vary significantly across different marine regions. Factors such as the concentration of sea salt aerosols and climatic conditions affect the likelihood of atmospheric corrosion, which can lead to material degradation if the appropriate grades are not chosen. International standards and guidelines, such as ISO 9223 EN1993-1-4 Annex A (Eurocode 3), the IMOA Site and Design Evaluation System tool (IMAO program), and a Corrosion Map, provide frameworks for selecting materials for structural applications. While these guidelines aim to streamline the material selection process by reducing testing time, they must accurately reflect stainless steel's behavior under real-world environmental conditions. This paper presents the results of various field studies on atmospheric corrosion in maritime coastal regions with diverse climates. The selection of material grades in these environments must be aligned with performance requirements. Four marine locations were chosen for this study: (1) Genao, Italy; (2) Bohus-Malmön, Sweden; (3) Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE); and (4) Songkhla, Thailand. The findings underscore the critical influence of environmental factors, particularly chloride ions, contamination, and rainfall, on localized corrosion and surface degradation. These results are analyzed within the context of current knowledge regarding the atmospheric corrosion of stainless steel, offering valuable insights for practical applications in the field.
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Miyata, Yukio, Mitsuo Kimura, and Katsumi Masamura. "Effects of Chemical Components on Resistance to Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Supermartensitic Stainless Steel." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07092.

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Abstract Low carbon martensitic stainless steels, called supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS), have widely been applied for flowlines transporting corrosive oil and gas. However, intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in girth welds of the steel has become a major concern recently. A number of research works have been conducted to clarify the mechanism and to establish the measures. The most likely mechanism of IGSCC is chromium depletion on grain boundary because it is observed in lean grade SMSS, which contains no molybdenum. However, neither depletion nor carbide of chromium has been detected so far in 2-3% Mo-added high grade SMSS, although the steel suffers IGSCC under some conditions. In order to clarify the mechanism in high grade steel, effects of chemical components on IGSCC resistance were investigated Simulated HAZ specimens with various conditions of thermal cycles were tested in hot acid environments by U-bend SCC test. The test results showed that reduction of carbon and addition of titanium are effective to improve the resistance to IGSCC. Both would inhibit to form chromium carbide that causes to chromium depletion. Therefore, it suggests that the mechanism of IGSCC in high grade SMSS is chromium depletion, as in lean grade.
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Ravindranath, K., B. Al-Wakaa, A. Ali, et al. "Failure of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Valves Due to Improper Microstructure." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20759.

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Abstract Cast duplex stainless steels are popularly used in the petroleum industry due to their good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. One of the applications of cast duplex stainless steels in the petroleum industry is in the manufacture of valves in corrosive service. The good properties of duplex stainless steels are attributed to their balanced microstructure containing austenite and ferrite phases. The balanced microstructure in the duplex stainless-steel components is achieved by the optimum heat treatment and manufacturing process. Improper cooling during manufacturing or accidental exposure of the component to high temperatures can induce the precipitation of secondary phases in the microstructure of duplex stainless steel, which can seriously influence the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The paper deals with the failure investigation of the first-generation cast duplex stainless steel valves that failed in a short duration of service. The microstructure of the failed valve was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties was assessed by hardness measurements, tensile testing, and impact toughness testing. The study indicated that the properties of the duplex stainless-steel valves were affected due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the root cause of the failure was embrittlement caused by the precipitated secondary phases.
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Reports on the topic "Stainless steel components"

1

Bridges, B., J. Elmer, and L. Carol. Superplastic forming of stainless steel automotive components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658226.

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Peter, William H., Xiaoyuan Lou, Frederick Alyious List, III, and David Webber. Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing for Stainless Steel Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329150.

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Firsich, D. Electrochemical techniques for the analysis of corrosion in stainless steel components. 303 stainless steel in contact with TATB. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5334364.

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Stoudt, M. R. Corrosion fatigue crack initiation in duplex stainless steel paper making components. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6309.

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Sindelar, R. L., and G. R. Jr Caskey. Reactor Materials Program: Mechanical properties of irradiated Types 304 and 304L stainless steel weldment components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5084386.

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Sindelar, R. L., and G. R. Jr Caskey. Reactor Materials Program: Mechanical properties of irradiated Types 304 and 304L stainless steel weldment components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10164219.

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Smugeresky, John E., Marc F. Harris, Michelle Lynn Griffith, David Dennis Gill, and Charles Victor Robino. On the interface between LENS deposited stainless steel 304L repair geometry and cast or machined components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919107.

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Elmer, John, D. Nielsen, M. Royce, et al. PNGV Superplastic Forming of Stainless Steel Auto Components (USCAR) Final Report CRADA No. TC-0881-94. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1438808.

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Diaz, Aaron A., R. V. Harris, and Steven R. Doctor. Field Evaluations of Low-Frequency SAFT-UT on Cast Stainless Steel and Dissimilar Metal Weld Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049029.

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Elmer, J. PNGV Superplastic Forming of Stainless Steel Auto Components (USCAR) Final Report CRADA No. TC-0881-94. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/756990.

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