To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Stalin Prize.
Journal articles on the topic 'Stalin Prize'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Stalin Prize.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Johnson, Oliver. "The Stalin Prize and the Soviet Artist: Status Symbol or Stigma?" Slavic Review 70, no. 4 (2011): 819–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.4.0819.
Full textAbstract:
How did the Stalin Prize function in the Soviet fine art establishment of the 1940s and 1950s and how were the awards interpreted by members of the artistic community and the public? This examination of the discussions of the Stalin Prize Committee and unrehearsed responses to the awards reveals an institution that operated at the intersection of political and expert-artistic standards within which the parameters of postwar socialist realism were negotiated and to some extent defined. The Stalin Prize for the Fine Arts played an important part in the development of the leader cult and contributed to the self-aggrandizement of an elite minority. The symbolic capital of the Stalin Prize was compromised by its role, perceived or actual, in the consolidation of a generational and ideological hegemony within the Soviet art world and the establishment of an aesthetic blueprint for socialist realism.
2
Zou, Chengzhang. "THE STALIN PRIZE IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: BETWEEN PROPAGANDA AND PROFESSIONAL RECOGNITION." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Historical Sciences, no. 3 (2021): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5984/2021/3.38.
Full text
3
Medić, Ivana. "Stalin’s Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics." Musicological Annual 54, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.54.1.177-182.
Full textAbstract:
Ten years ago, tasked with reviewing Marina Frolova-Walker’s first book Russian Music and Nationalism: From Glinka to Stalin (Yale University Press, 2007), I praised the author for dismantling long-standing myths and questioning the activities of some of the sacred cows of Russian music history, and for writing about the topics that “annoyed” her in a most enlightening and gripping way. After reading Frolova-Walker’s latest book, Stalin’s Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics, I was thrilled to see that the author is still busting myths, charting the hitherto unexplored areas of Soviet music history, and narrating a fascinating and often hilarious story of the rise-and-fall of Stalin’s prize for artistic achievements. Frolova-Walker provides brilliant insight into the inner workings of the Soviet institutional and cultural system, and the power play that affected the process of rewarding artists whose work was meant to stand for the best that Soviet culture had to offer.
4
Tikhonov, Vitaly V. "UNPRESENTED AWARD. THE STALIN PRIZE IN THE FIELD OF HISTORY FOR THE 1952." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series History. Philology. Cultural Studies. Oriental Studies, no. 4 (2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-4-39-46.
Full text
5
Petroudi, Georgia. "Prokofiev’s seventh symphony and its two еndings: A study of “imposed” revisions." Muzikologija, no. 23 (2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1723031p.
Full textAbstract:
Why does a composer resort to changing any one of his compositions? Under what circumstances does the creative output need to be re-evaluated and perhaps reconsidered? Prokofiev?s final Seventh Symphony presents two endings different in mood and character, one subtler and the other more vivid. This paper examines the background behind the appearance of the alternative ending - most specifically an extended coda, which appeared as an indication of a conformist stance on Prokofiev?s part, an attempt to appease the regime and probably obtain the Stalin Prize, so essential to him.
6
Belozerov, Oleg. "A Hard-Won Award: The History of Awarding the Stalin Prize to M. M. Zavadovskii." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 42, no. 2 (2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060015088-8.
Full text
7
Stanevičiūtė, Rūta. "What did Lithuanian Composers Receive the Stalin Prize for? The Year 1948 and Lithuanian Music." Meno istorijos studijos 9 (2021): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53631/mis/2021.9.7.
Full text
8
Zholkovsky, A. K. "Between Kaverin and Bunin. In memoriam: Lev Losev." Voprosy literatury, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-6-126-141.
Full textAbstract:
Alexander Zholkovsky’s essay brings together the figures of three Russian writers: the еmigrе Nobel prize winner Ivan Bunin (1870–1953), the Soviet classic and Stalin prize winner Veniamin Kaverin (1902–1989), and the еmigrе poet, prosaist and literary scholar Lev Loseff (1927–2009). The essay starts by briefly summarizing its author’s recent studies of the major works of the first two (The Dark Alleys [Toymnye allei] and The Two Captains [Dva kapitana], respectively) and stating their nearly polar difference, despite having been written almost simultaneously (in the 1940s). The narrative then involves a chapter from a book of memoirs by the third writer, Lev Loseff, which focusses on his childhood (in the same 1940s) and in particular, on his reading of books about the Soviet North, including Kaverin’s The Two Captains. The chapter’s denouement features Kaverin himself in person and Loseff’s stunning insight into the workings of Kaverin’s literary craft. Inspired by Loseff’s insight, Zholkovsky proposes his own: an unexpected link between Kaverin and Bunin (spoiler free).
9
Ikonen, Susan. "The Reception of Leviathan in Light of Two Soviet “Cultural Scandals”: A Revival of Soviet Rhetoric and Values?" Transcultural Studies 12, no. 1 (November 22, 2016): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-01201005.
Full textAbstract:
Andrei Zviagintsev’s award-winning movie “Leviathan” (2014) triggered a fierce debate among domestic audiences in Russia. It was blamed for being anti-Russian and slandering Russian life. The rhetoric of these accusations reminded many Russians of Soviet-era campaigns against writers and filmmakers. This article analyses the film’s reception by different audiences, of which the most critically harsh and insistent voice was that of the Orthodox activists. The article also attempts to connect expressions of patriotism and shared identity with Soviet-era models. In this context, it discusses Stalin-era cultural control with a special focus on two Thaw-era literary scandals: the controversies about Vladimir Dudintsev’s novel (1956) and Boris Pasternak’s Nobel Prize (1958).
10
Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "VOYNO-YASENETSKY Valentin Feliksovich (1877-1961). To the 140th of the birthday." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-2-174.
Full textAbstract:
Voyno-Yasenetsky Valentin Feliksovich (Archbishop Luka) Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol, Russian and Soviet surgeon, the author of works in anesthesiology, doctor of medical Sciences (1916), Professor (1917); doctor of theology (1959), winner of the Stalin prize, first degree (1946).
F. Voino-Yasenetsky was born 27 APR 1877. After graduating from high school and Kiev art school, studied painting in Munich. In 1898 he became a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University, after which he worked as a surgeon in Chita, the town of Ardatov in Simbirsk province S. Verkhniy Lyubazh, Kursk region, town of Fatezh, Moscow. In 1915 he published in Saint Petersburg the book "Regional anesthesia", and in 1916 he defended it as his thesis and received the degree of doctor of medicine. Until 1917 the doctor in some of the provincial hospitals of Russia, and later the chief doctor of Tashkent city hospital, Professor of Central Asian state University. In 1921 he was ordained to the diaconate, a week a priest in 1923 he was tonsured a monk and consecrated a Bishop with the name Luca, a week later arrested. In 1926 V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky returned to Tashkent, but in 1930 he was arrested again and transported to Arkhangelsk. In 1934 he published a monograph "Sketches of purulent surgery". In 1937 he was arrested for the third time. Since 1940, works as a surgeon in the link in Bolshaya Murta, 110 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. 1941 – consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk territory and the chief surgeon of the hospital. In 1942 was elevated to the rank of Archbishop and appointed to the chair of Krasnoyarsk. In 1944, published the monograph "On the course of chronic empyema and hundreth" and "Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints." In 1944, Archbishop Luke was headed by the Department of Tambov. In 1945, awarded the Patriarch Alexy I right to wear the diamond cross, wrote the book "Spirit, soul and body." In 1946 he headed the Crimean Department in Simferopol. In 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize. In 1955, was blind. Died V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky June 11, 1961, Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol.
Author of 55 scientific papers on surgery and anatomy, ten volumes of sermons. His most famous book "Sketches of purulent surgery". Awarded Pointscore (1916), the diamond cross from the Patriarch of all Russia (1944), medal "For valiant labor in the great Patriotic war" (1945), Stalin prize first degree (1944).
Archbishop Luka monuments in Krasnoyarsk, Tambov, and Simferopol, is an honorary citizen of Pereslavl-Zalessky (posthumously). In 1995, St Luke canonized as locally venerated saints of the Crimean diocese, in 2000, the definition of the Council of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church glorified as a Confessor (Saint) in the Assembly of new martyrs and Confessors of Russia. His relics are installed for worship at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Simferopol.
11
Tsyganov, Dmitry M. "The Cold War with «Modernism»: The International Stalin Prize in the Context of Late Stalinist Western-Soviet Literary Contacts." Rossica. Литературные связи и контакты, no. 2 (2022): 191–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.54791/27823792_2022_2_191_268.
Full text
12
Ramet, Sabrina P. "Classics for the Masses. Shaping Soviet Musical Identity under Lenin and Stalin; Stalin’s Music Prize. Soviet Culture and Politics." Europe-Asia Studies 69, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2017.1314618.
Full text
13
Roshchevskaya, Larisa. "The History of Creation of a Chemical Industry Power System in the Village of Vodnyi Promysel, Komi Autonomous Oblast (Zyryan) (Komi ASSR), in the 1930s." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 42, no. 4 (2021): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060017430-5.
Full textAbstract:
This article is devoted to the history of creation of a power system in the village of Vodnyi Promysel, Komi Autonomous Oblast (Zyryan) (since 1936, Komi ASSR), where a plant for radium extraction from mineral water operated in the GULAG system in the 1930s. The article depicts the conditions in which this power system emerged: severe climate, logistic difficulties with supplying the construction project, the use of worn equipment from other projects, and the use of convict specialists’ labor and knowledge. The contribution of M. D. Krasheninnikov, a repressed power engineer whose talents helped him become the plant’s chief engineer and recipient of the Stalin Prize, is reviewed in detail. The efforts of numerous workers and specialists resulted in the first major power system in the Russian North emerging in Vodnyi Promysel. This system allowed introducing new mineral extraction technologies and develop chemical industry in this region.
14
Stepnov, Aleksey O. "TOMSK SCIENTISTS – STALIN PRIZE WINNERS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE FOR THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941–1945)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 430 (May 1, 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/430/18.
Full text
15
Новиков, Василий Семёнович, and Анатолий Михайлович Шелепов. "Heroic Deed of Personnel and Alumni of Military Medical Academy during Great Patriotic War." ВЕСТНИК ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ НАУК, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/raen.2020.93.50.004.
Full textAbstract:
В статье анализируется вклад Военно-медицинской академии (ВМА) в Победу в Великой Отечественной войне. Академия оказывала существенную помощь Ленинградскому фронту в военно-медицинской подготовке полевых формирований. На фронт выехали почти две трети профессоров и преподавателей ВМА. Научная работа, проводимая в ВМА в годы войны, получила высокую оценку. Профессора Н.Н. Аничков, С.С. Гирголав с сотрудниками и В.Н. Шевкуненко с учениками были награждены Сталинскими премиями. За годы Великой Отечественной войны Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова подготовила и направила на фронт 1829 молодых военных врачей. Они проявили подлинный героизм, выполняя свой патриотический и профессиональный долг. We analyze the contribution of the Military Medical Academy to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The Academy provided great support to Leningrad front preparing military medical staff for the battlefield. Almost two thirds of professors and teachers of the Academy went to the front. The scientific research carried out in the Academy during the war was highly appreciated. Professors N.N. Anichkov, S.S. Girgolav and his workmates and V.N. Shevkunenko with the students were awarded Stalin Prize. During the Great Patriotic War Kirov Military Medical Academy trained and sent to the front 1829 young military doctors. All of them heroically kept to their patriotic and professional commitment.
16
Morgoshiya, T. Sh, and V. Ya Apchel. "To the 140th anniversary of the legendary Professor of surgery V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (Archbishop Luka)." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12364.
Full textAbstract:
The main milestones of life and professional path of an outstanding surgeon of the 20th century Voyno-Yasenetsky (Archbishop Luka) are considered. In 1915, Voino-Yasenetsky published a book «Regional anesthesia» in Staint Petersburg with his own illustrations, and in 1916 he defended his doctoral dissertation in Moscow University on regional anesthesia: the thesis was awarded the prize of the University of Warsaw. In 1917-1930s he worked in Tashkent - the first doctor-surgeon of the city hospital, and from March 1917 - a chief doctor. Since 1920 Voyno-Yasenetsky became a Professor of topographical anatomy and operative surgery at newly established Turkestan University. Voyno-Yasenetsky made great contributions to practical surgery. In his honor several operation were named: resection of affected by purulent process in the sacroiliac joint, the posterior part of the Ilium (pelvic resection by Voyno-Yasenetsky), operation of excision of the affected skin and fatty tissue of the axillary fossa when multiple hidradenitis (Voyno-Yasenetsky operation), incision in the popliteal fossa, supplementing arthrotomy purulent chase (cut by Voyno- Yasenetsky). Also he worked on other problems of clinical surgery. Voyno-Yasenetsky invented the original closure method of the wound located on the periphery of the diaphragm (Voyno-Yasenetsky method). He proposed a new method of spleen mobilization and ligation of blood vessels during splenectomy (Voyno-Yasenetsky method). He described important for surgeons topographic- anatomical landmarks - the projection of the sciatic nerve on the skin back of thigh (Voyno-Yasenetsky line) and the place of exit of the sciatic nerve under the gluteal folds (Voyno-Yasenetsky point). For the books «Sketches of purulent surgery» (1943) and «Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints» (1944) in 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize of the first degree. Since 1946, in connection with the illness, he departed from surgical activity and before the end of his life he lived in Simferopol (Crimea).
17
Romashchenko, P. N., N. F. Fomin, N. A. Maistrenko, Al A. Kurygin, and V. V. Semenov. "Academician Viktor Nikolaevich Shevkunenko (1872-1952) (on the 150<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the birth)." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 181, no. 1 (September 20, 2022): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-1-7-10.
Full textAbstract:
The outstanding Russian scientist and teacher in the field of topographic anatomy and operative surgery, one of the initiators of the creation of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and its full member (1944), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1935), winner of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943), Lieutenant General of the Medical Service (1943), Professor (1912) Viktor Nikolayevich Shevkunenko was born on February 17 (29 new style), 1872 in the county town of Mezen, Arkhangelsk province. In 1895, he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy. From 1912 to 1948, he headed the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy of the Academy. V.N. Shevkunenko is the founder of the doctrine of the type and age variability of human anatomy. As a result of many years of research carried out by the staff of the department, atypical forms of the structure and location of organs and anatomical structures were described in detail, optimal accesses and rational technique were justified when performing surgical interventions on different organs, depending on the typical, sexual and age topographic and anatomical features of patients. V.N. Shevkunenko is the founder of a major Russian school in the field of operative surgery and topographic anatomy: 44 of his students became professors. Academician V.N. Shevkunenko died on July 3, 1952 and was buried at the Theological Cemetery in Leningrad.
18
Grechenko, V. A. "Activities of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR Pavlo Yakovlevych Meshyk (1953)." Law and Safety 92, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2024.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the insufficiently studied in historical and legal science issue of the activities of such a controversial political figure of the first post-Stalin months of 1953 as Pavlo Yakovlevych Meshyk. It is emphasised that he, having a university degree (which was rare for NKVD personnel in those years) and significant organisational skills, made a successful career in the central apparatus of the People’s Commissariat in the late 1930s. This was also due to the patronage of P. Meshyk by L. Beria. P. Meshyk was directly involved in Stalin’s repressions. In 1941, at the age of 30, he first became People’s Commissar for State Security of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1943, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. From 1945 until March 1953, he worked on the implementation of the Soviet nuclear project. He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1949) for his active participation in the implementation of the nuclear programme, and later even received the Stalin Prize in Science and Technology (1951). In March 1953, he was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic, where he pursued a policy of strengthening the rule of law in the activities of the state security agencies and purging them of the most odious and incompetent employees. At the same time, a policy was implemented to rid the state security agencies of their dependence on the influence of the Communist Party. At the same time, P. Meshyk came into conflict with some party officials, including the then leader of the republic, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(B)U, L. Melnikov. As a result, L. Melnikov was dismissed. P. Meshyk also took some measures to “root” the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, translated the ministry’s office work into Ukrainian, eased some of the Soviet government’s repressive policies towards the Ukrainian national liberation movement, actually restored the normal operation of Lviv State University, and improved contacts with Western Ukrainian intellectuals. These were positive aspects of the minister’s activities that can be assessed as attempts at reform. However, P. Meshyk stayed in the post of Minister of the Interior for only three months. In June 1953, he was arrested and later convicted on charges of treason and conspiracy to seize power, and in December of the same year, Meshyk was shot dead. He was partially rehabilitated in 2000.
19
Gorshenin, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "The history of microbiologist Z.V. Ermoleva’s scientific activity: a brief overview of soviet historiography." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2019): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201984216.
Full textAbstract:
The paper attempts to analyze the key lines of the soviet historiography in the coverage of scientific and organizational activities of Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva, as well as to characterize the degree of information content of publications on the problem. Z.V. Ermoleva (1898-1974) is a famous soviet medical scientist, a microbiologist and a bacteriogenic, a winner of the Stalin prize I degree, an honored worker of science of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, a professor, a doctor of medical sciences, an academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Her scientific and practical activities helped to save thousands of people from death. One of the most famous achievements of Z.V. Ermoleva was the invention of the first domestic antibiotic - penicillin-krustosin and the establishment of its industrial production in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. There were also numerous works on the study of cholera vibrions, interferon, lysozyme, various types of antibiotics and their combinations. Z.V. Ermolevas life as well as the history of her research activities are not well reflected in scientific literature. Unfortunately, no historiographical work has been published on the history of this amazing woman scientist. This historiographical review is not exhaustive; it should be perceived as a ground for a further study of her scientific work. Due to the specificity of the subject under consideration, the historiographical review is based on the problem principle.
20
R.M., Zhumashev, Myrzakhmetova A.Zh., Edgina G.T., and Kozhabekov D.S. "The 1944 meeting of Historians in the Central Committee of the All-Russian Communist Party (b) and the development of Soviet Historiography of the history of Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 108, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022hph4/56-62.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses the formation and development of the concept of Kazakh historical science in the 1940s–early 1950s. The basis of this process was the Meeting of Historians in the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, held in Moscow in 1944. This Meeting was convened on the initiative of A.M. Pankratova, who was one of the authors and initiators of the creation of the first fundamental work on national history “History of the Kazakh SSR from ancient times to the present day” (1943) during the Great Patriotic War. It was the first academic publication that covered the entire history of Kazakhstan from the era of antiquity, in addition, the work was nominated for the Stalin Prize. However, the publication was sharply criticized by both Kazakh and Moscow historians. This discussion was a turning point when a transition was made from the paradigm of the “lesser evil” to the paradigm of the “absolute good” in matters of the policy of the Russian Empire on the territory of the national republics of the USSR. In subsequent years, the decisions made influenced not only the nature of scientific research on the history of Kazakhstan, but also directly on the fate of Kazakh scientists. In particular, a repressive machine was launched against Yermukhan Bekmakhanov, who in 1952 was sentenced to 25 years for research on the movement of Kenesary Kasymov. The article is based on a wide range of source materials.
21
Shcherbinina, Olga I. "Howard Fast and Soviet Writers. Article 1. “A Friendly Hand Reaching Out Across the Ocean”: 1949–1955." Literature of the Americas, no. 14 (2023): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-285-314.
Full textAbstract:
The article tracks Howard Fast’s literary contacts with the USSR until 1955, when he met Boris Polevoy, the chairman of the Foreign Commission of the Union of Soviet Writers. Fast’s fame reached its zenith in the late 1940s – early 1950s, the period of the Cold War and fierce anti-American propaganda campaign in the USSR. The paper considers how and why Fast caught Soviet attention, what literary contacts he maintained, how much he had to pay for them, what compromises — reputational, political, he had to make to remain for the Soviet audience “the most widely read author of his century”. Obviously, Fast was acknowledged as a loyal friend of the USSR not only due to his literary achievements, i.e. historical novels, which brought him popularity both at home and around the world. Soviet propaganda perceived Fast’s disgraced experience (in 1950 he was sent to prison for contempt of Congress) as a valuable fact, a compelling proof of his active struggle for the cause of communism. Left Western writers were expected to take part in pickets, rallies, international congresses, demonstrations, and publish their nonfictional materials in the party press. Fast who was a delegate to World Congresses for Peace (Waldorf Conference 1949, Paris Congress 1949), the laureate of the International Stalin Peace Prize in 1953, perfectly met these requirements. Fast’s correspondence with P.A. Pavlenko from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art is published in the addendum.
22
Alexandrova-Osokina, О. N. "Theme “Man and Nature” in the Poetry of Peter Komarov." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-1-96-109.
Full textAbstract:
The author’s elaboration of the content and poetics of landscape and natural history lyrics of the Far Eastern poet, winner of the Stalin Prize of the third degree P. S. Komarov (1911—1949) is presented. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the poet’s work has practically not been studied. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern literary criticism to the problems of the literary process of the Soviet period, as well as interest in literary and regional studies. The idea is substantiated that the theme “man and nature” was central in the poetry of P. S. Komarov. It is noted that the dominant principle in the disclosure of this topic were the ideas of all-unity and participation. The question is raised about the nature of the reflection of the ideas of the era in the lyrics: in particular, the points of intersection of the poetic perception of the world in the poems of the “Green Belt” cycle with the ideas of Russian cosmism are revealed. Observations on the specifics of the poetics of Komarov’s landscape lyrics were carried out: the form of the landscape-ecphrasis, the artistic functions of the landscape detail, color painting, toponymy, panoramic image were revealed; some images-motives (nature-garden, nature-book; motive of the brotherhood of the memory of the earth) is revealed. The unique materials of literary criticism of the second half of the 1940s, associated with the assessment of Komarov’s work are presented in the article.
23
Prosvetov, I. V. "Unknown Siberian Poems by Vasily Yan." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 17, no. 1 (2021): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2021-1-209-227.
Full textAbstract:
The first publication of poems by the Soviet writer-historian, 1st degree Stalin Prize laureate Vasily Yan (Yanchevetsky), composed in 1920–1923, when he lived and worked in Siberia. Source – handwritten miscellany “Poems of Wanderings”, recently discovered in the Yanchevetskys’ family archive. The publication is accompanied by detailed biographical comments. In the civil war, V. Yanchevetsky took part on the side of the whites as one of the main propagandists of the Kolchak army – the head of the Informative Department of the Special Chancellery of the Supreme Commander’s Staff, editor of the front newspaper “Vperyod”. After the collapse of the white movement, V. Yanchevetsky had to hide his past, changing occupations and places of residence (Achinsk, Uyuk, Minusinsk). The Siberian po- etic cycle, created at this time, makes it possible to understand not only the mood of the author in the last years of the turning point in Russian history, but also literary searches, and the atmosphere of the time in general. The main themes are homeland, revolution, freedom, atheism, building a new life, preserving the personality in the face of political upheavals. Obviously, the influence on the poetic style of the author of such trends as symbolism and futurism, which he was interested in. In Omsk V. Yanchevetsky closely communicated with the writer, poet and avant-garde artist Anton Sorokin, attended his literary evenings at home. Probably, as a result, some of the Siberian poems were written in free verse, to which V. Yanchevetsky had never used before.
24
Verchenko, Alla. "The First Soviet Delegation to the People’s Republic of China (September — November, 1949)." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 3 (2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120019293-3.
Full textAbstract:
The article for the first time goes into details of the activities of the members of the first Soviet delegation of scientific, cultural and artistic figures who visited the People’s Republic of China from September, 27, to November, 3, 1949. The delegation headed by A.A. Fadeyev included prominent Soviet scholars, writers, Stalin Prize winners and a group of performers. The purpose of the visit was to demonstrate the Soviet Union’s friendship and support, to get acquainted with the situation in the sphere of the Chinese culture and to figure out possible areas of future bilateral cultural cooperation. The article shows the importance of using a source, such as written reports of Soviet and Chinese origin, to deepen historical research. The documents demonstrate extraordinary warm and enthusiastic atmosphere in which the Soviet delegation found itself, whether on the October, 1 on the Tiananmen Square, or the Congress for Peace, the founding conference of the China-Soviet Friendship Society (CSFS), numerous meetings with workers, peasants, intellectuals, students. The archival documents, analyzed by the author, provided an overview of the delegation’s program, the content of the speeches of the members of the delegation at mass meetings, thematic meetings and lectures for specialists. All the above has helped to find out items for cooperation with the new-born Chinese state and public organizations in the field of culture. The author comes to a conclusion that the productive discussions held in China resulted later in concrete proposals, which were passed by the delegation to the Communist Party Central Committee. Many of them were implemented in the process of the Soviet-Chinese cultural cooperation in the 1950s.
25
Vakhromeeva, Oksana B. "The unfulfilled museum collection of works by G. S.Vereiskiy: The artist’s autobiography as a key to his creative heritage." Issues of Museology 12, no. 1 (2021): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2021.110.
Full textAbstract:
In 2021, the 135th anniversary of George Semenovich Vereiskiy (1886–1962) was celebrated. Vereiskiy was a talented, methodical, and self-disciplined artist who focused on the subject of his work. He was a member of the “World of Art” association, curator of the State Hermitage’s Department of Engravings, teacher of painting, laureate of the second degree of the Stalin Prize (1946), People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1962), honored worker of the arts, and member of the Academy of Arts. Vereiskiy was involved in various forms of art, especially drawing and painting. He worked in many genres (portrait, landscape, interior, still life, residential and industrial genres). In his drawings and lithographs in the 1920–30s, he was a pioneer of industrial themes. The main source of his work was love for Russian nature (his landscapes are imbued with a soft lyricism). His clarity of perception of the surrounding reality and high civil position enabled him to make the most important aspect of art — a portrait. Without exaggeration, it can be argued that Vereiskiy for more than half a century created a large portrait gallery of his contemporaries, from science and artists to the Knights of St. George from the First World War and military officials of World War II (1941–1945). Vereiskiy’s artistic heritage is very extensive and it is still waiting for its explorer. This article was created in order to establish a precursor for the study of the artist’s creative heritage, fragmentarily concentrated in a number of museum collections, which are discussed below. The reference point to the artist’s creative heritage is his autobiography, which the article introduces into scientific circulation for the first time.
26
Sakkas, Hercules, and Panagiota Spyropoulou. "The legacy of Saint Luke (Valentin Felixovich Voyno-Yasenetsky) to medical sciences." History of science and technology 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-68-83.
Full textAbstract:
Saint Luke, Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimea (1877‒1961), was born Valentin Felixovich Voyno-Yasenetsky in Kerch, Crimea. He served as an outstanding physician and Academic Professor of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery at Medical School of Tashkent University. He worked extensively on the fields of surgery, regional anesthesia, pyogenic infections, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, oncology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, urology, and dentistry, often under difficult circumstances. He performed a wide variety of operations, from minor outpatient procedures to extremely complicated ones, followed by extensive inpatient management and treatment of ailing individuals. He published numerous research articles and books. His most acclaimed monograph entitled “Essays on the surgery of pyogenic infections” (“Sketches of purulent surgery”), focused on the broad field of surgery with special reference to the pyogenic infections and served as a reference tool and guide book for the next generations of physicians. The Stalin Prize was the highest professional honor awarded to Valentin Felixovich Voyno-Yasenetsky by the Soviet state in recognition of his contribution to science. Voyno-Yasenetsky was a blessed physician who had a major influence on both patients and colleagues, due to his fundamental ethical principles and values based on Christian beliefs. His life and scientific work have been an example of the practical unity of scientific truth and religious faith. He was ordained to the diaconate and priesthood, until he elevated to the ranks of Bishop and Archbishop. He was arrested and subsequently exiled for his religious beliefs and his glorification by the Orthodox Church as Saint Luke was held in Russia in 2000, as a recognition of God’s holiness manifesting in his life. Saint Luke received an honorable place in the history of Medicine and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The present study aims to highlight key elements of his life and his scientific contributions.
27
Morgoshiia, T. Sh, and A. R. Trishkina. "Professor Alexander E. Rauer – one of the founders of maxillofacial plastic surgery in the USSR (on the 150<sup>th</sup> anniversary of birthday)." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 24, no. 3-4 (January 20, 2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/18141471/78-79/11.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the main years of the life and scientific work of the prominent Russian surgeon and scientistinnovator Professor A.E. Rauer (1871–1948). Little-known milestones from the scientist's life are marked. The paper analyzes the fact that from 1922 to the end of life (26 years) Alexander Eduardovich headed the maxillofacial department of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO). Since 1932, Professor A.E. Rauer was the head of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the CIU, organized by him on the basis of the maxillofacial department of the CITO (Moscow). It is noted that Alexander Eduardovich is the author of about 100 scientific works. He summarized all his rich experience in his final work “Plastic Surgery on the face”, awarded in 1946. The Stalin Prize. The range of scientific and surgical interests of A.E. Rauer was wide and diverse. His main works were devoted to the problems of maxillofacial surgery. Rauer proposed a number of valuable ways to eliminate facial disfigurement, which have become widespread (for example, oblique osteotomy for ankylosis of the jaws, surgery for habitual dislocations, plastic surgery of through facial defects, etc.). Under the leadership of Alexander Eduardovich, the clinic also developed methods of plastic surgery for fan-shaped neck scars after thermal injuries and restoration of the pharyngeal arches with soft palate defects. It is noted that he worked a lot on plastic surgery of other organs and proposed methods of interventions for congenital malformations of the bladder, limbs, etc. During the Great Patriotic War, A.E. Rauer introduced into practice a method of treating granulating surface wounds by forming secondary plate ligatures. It is shown that after him there were many worthy students who continued his work on the further development of maxillofacial surgery, which has become an important and necessary branch of clinical medicine.
28
Minyailo, Natalia. "Verbalization of the Concept of Dignity in Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s Novel “The First Circle”." Path of Science 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 3001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.66-2.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the verbal realization of the concept of dignity in O. Solzhenitsyn’s novel «The First Circle». Verbalization of the concept of dignity characterizes the positive characters of the novel and is a part of the ways of reproducing general humanistic issues, revealing the author’s intentions for both positive and negative characters, which creates contrast in describing the then civilizational ambiguous era. The humanistic orientation of the positive characters in the novel, who are marked by dignity, self-sacrifice (Nerzhin, Sologdin, Volodin), courage (Khorobrov, Rubin), honest attitude to work (Potapov, Egorov) is observed. It was found out that the character of Gleb Nerzhin, in whom the reader can recognize O. Solzhenitsyn himself, and the image of Spiridon Egorov are the most comprehensively depicted. The first is a representative of the intelligentsia, the second – of ordinary people. They are united by the inner humanism, which does not depend on historical circumstances or situational trials. This, according to the author, is the basis of the immortality of the people, reveals their deep philosophy, based on humanistic principles. In general, it is determined that dignity/humanity is the leading motive of the novel, supplemented by the elements of motives of male friendship and sincere love in the difficult conditions of tyranny. The images of representatives of the tyrannical government are covered in detail through their dialogues and monologues, including internal ones. Yes, the image of Stalin appears as painted with dark signs in contrast to a sunny day. In the end, the conceptual sphere of humanism is concretized in the motive of the heroes’ struggle for better life for all the people not only of their native country, but of the whole world. It is this motif that characterizes the 1970 Nobel Prize-winning work of Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The issue of the novel is also marked by a certain controversy: for example, the theme of war and the related celebration of victory are very relevant today in both Ukraine and Russia, where this theme is an important ideological factor.
29
Kupfer, Peter. "Volga-Volga." Journal of Musicology 30, no. 4 (2013): 530–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2013.30.4.530.
Full textAbstract:
Volga-Volga (1938), the third musical comedy made by the Soviet director-composer team of Grigory Aleksandrov and Isaak Dunayevsky, is one of the most emblematic films of the Soviet 1930s. Indeed, it won its makers a Stalin Prize in 1941 and was supposedly Stalin’s favorite film. But Volga-Volga was also a success with Soviet viewers: they flocked by the millions to see the film, which was still playing in theaters at the outbreak of war in June 1941. As a combination of slapstick comedy and memorable musical numbers that addressed an appropriately Soviet theme, the film clearly spoke to both the masses and officials. But what does Volga-Volga have to say? The film tells the story of a musical “civil war” between a folk ensemble and a classical orchestra, both of which head to Moscow to participate in the national musical Olympiad. Due to “accidental” circumstances, the two ensembles eventually join forces and win the competition with a performance of the “Song about the Volga.” Though this merger of musical forces and styles seems to serve predominantly comedic purposes, the “story of a song” can also be read as a commentary on the development of music in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. In a period marked by debates and uncertainties in all realms of musical production about what exactly Socialist Realist music was to be, Aleksandrov and Dunayevsky offer as their solution a musical practice that advocates inclusivity by seeking to combine features from many types of music into a distinctly Soviet blend. This thematization of music is enhanced by the nature of the film musical, whose stylistic reliance on music as a bridge between real and ideal worlds embodies the aesthetic demands of Socialist Realism. Furthermore, the film can be understood as an instance of what film scholar Miriam Hansen calls “vernacular modernism,” namely, the adaptation of an American cinematic model into a foreign context as a tool for reflecting and refracting experiences of modernity.
30
Kotiv, B. N., I. I. Dzidzava, A. A. Kurygin, S. Y. Ivanusa, O. V. Barinov, V. I. Iontsev, N. I. Bashilov, and I. V. Dmitrochenko. "Semen S. Girgolav is a Servant of Russian Surgery.To his 140th anniversary." Wounds and wound infections. The prof. B.M. Kostyuchenok journal 8, no. 4 (June 6, 2022): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25199/2408-9613-2021-8-4-6-23.
Full textAbstract:
Semen Semenovich Girgolav was born on February 2, 1881 in Tiflis, Georgia, Russia. In 1904 he graduated from the Imperial Military Medical Academy with honors. Under the guidance of Prof. M.S. Subbotin, Dr. S. Girgolav prepared and in 1907 successfully defended his doctoral dissertation “Experimental findings on the use of isolated omentum in the abdominal surgery”. Later, he headed the chairs of general surgery, hospital surgery of the Military Medical Academy; he also was a scientific director of the Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, head of the surgical department of the medical faculty of the 2nd Leningrad Medical Institute.In the 30s. Prof. Girgolav started a comprehensive work on thermal injuries and continued it until the last days of his life, while basic efforts of the staff of departments and laboratories which he headed were focused on studying local and general effects of low temperatures. From the first to the last days of the Great Patriotic War, he was the Deputy Chief Surgeon of the Red Army, and when Academician Burdenko (Chief Surgeon) fell ill (from October 1941 to May 1942 and in 1945) he acted as Chief Surgeon. During the Great Patriotic War, Prof. Girgolav regularly underlined the priority of the issues of military field surgery management as well as the issues of collecting and sharing the battle experience in surgery.Academician Girgolav’s list of works includes more than 140 scientific papers, which can be schematically divided into the following topics: “Military field surgery”, “Wounds”, “Frostbites”, “Issues of Special Surgery”, “Traumatology”, “Asepsis and antiseptics”, “Pain relief”, “Neurosurgery”, “Endocrinology and oncology”, “Manuals and Guidelines”. Professor V. G. Weinstein (an outstanding Soviet traumatologistorthopedist who worked under Acad. Girgolav’s guidance) suggests the following sections: 38 works are devoted to comprehensive researches on wounds, 17 – to infections, 16 – to military field surgery, 14 – abdominal and thoracic surgery, 13 – traumatology, 12 – problems of low-temperature injuries. Fewer works in urology, plastic surgery, asepsis and antiseptics, vascular and operative surgery, history of medicine.As a result of Acad. Girgolav’s research and educational activities, one of the largest surgical schools in the USSR has been created. More than 20 doctoral and 45 candidate dissertations were prepared and defended under his supervision. Academician, Lieutenant-General of the Medical Service .S. Girgolav, was awarded the Stalin Prize, two Orders of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the Red Star as well as many medals and honorary prizes for his outstanding contribution to the medical sphere of the Motherland in peacetime and wartime.
31
Mikheev, V. V. "120th Anniversary of N. M. Gersevanov- founder of the domestic school of soil mechanics, associate member of the academy of sciences of the ussr, doctor of technical sciences, professor, and recipient of the stalin prize." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 37, no. 4 (July 2000): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02885343.
Full text
32
Romashchuk, I. M. ""THE FRONT": MUSIC FOR A FILM AS AN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENT." Arts education and science 1, no. 2 (2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202002011.
Full textAbstract:
"Music and cinema" is an important and popular topic in modern science. Correlation of visual and sound text, author’s music and various quotations, special artistic means and traditional academic writing — these and many other things provide an opportunity to explore a film as a three-dimensional and multi-component whole, to update the knowledge about the work of those artists who are involved in film production. In this regard, music in cinema is a special and yet still insufficiently explored area. It is well known that the music in a film and the cinematographic score, created by the composer are, most often, two close, but not identical texts. Not all musical numbers created or even recorded can be heard in a film, especially if we are talking about movies of the war years, because their integrity, their safety was not always possible. The film can be preserved, find itself in the vaults of history and not contain all the musical material, as happened to one of the most notable wartime films directed by G. N. and S. D. Vasilyev "The Front" (1943) with music by G. N. Popov (1904–1972). Based on the widely known play by A. E. Korneychuk, this film immediately attracted attention by its acute problem setting of front command in the first years of the war. The play, which won the Stalin Prize of the first degree, was staged in many theaters of the country and was a huge success, as was the film "The Front", one of the main roles in which B. Babochkin played. The film, as well as the play, was included in the Historical fund of works of national art. Based on archival materials, the author analyzes the preserved musical notes for the film "The Front" in the context of the play by A. Korneychuk and the script for the film, created by the playwright together with the directors. As the research has shown, the film "The Front" with the music by G. N. Popov is an important part of the art of the wartime, when, according to the composer, all forces in the creative field were given to "the national cause — the fight against the enemy" [2, 134].
33
Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Alexander Nikolaevich BAKULEV - Soviet surgeon-scientist, the founder of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR (to the 130th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-3-301.
Full textAbstract:
Alexander Bakulev was born in the village Nebankovskaya Vyatka province. He studied first at the parish school, and then at the Vyatka theological Seminary. In 1911 he entered the medical faculty of Saratov University. In 1918, he passed the exams for a doctor's degree ahead of schedule and remained in the hospital surgery clinic of the University. In 1926 A. N. Bakulev entered the residency at the Department of surgery of the 2nd Moscow medical Institute. In 1928 he successfully defended his thesis and was sent for a one-year internship in Germany. For the first time in the domestic practice, he proposed the introduction of radiopaque substances in the brain tissue, a method of ureteral transplantation, improved methods of x-ray examination of vessels, kidneys and ureters, developed methods of plastic esophagus (1935), surgery on the biliary tract, methods of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer, for the first time in the world surgically eliminated the fixation of the heart muscle to the heart bag with pericarditis, developed new methods of treatment of brain abscesses. A. N. Bakulev is considered a pioneer of intubation anesthesia in the USSR, the founder of thoracic and radical pulmonary surgery. He performed a successful lobectomy for chronic abscess (1938) and lung actinomycosis (1939). In 1943 A. N. Bakulev became head of the Department. During the great Patriotic war A. N. Bakulev - front, and then chief surgeon of the evacuation hospitals of Moscow, head of the surgical Department of the hospital medical and sanitary Department of the Kremlin. He successfully removed a lung from a patient with chronic suppurative process (1945), for the first time carried out a successful operation in nezaradene known to inhibit the Bayou (1948), have developed a method comissurotomy. In 1949, A. N. Bakulev was awarded the Stalin prize (1949). He was the first to impose an anastomosis between the superior Vena cava and pulmonary artery, performed surgery for aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, created a technology of heart operations in hypothermia, for the first time in the world he began to operate on children suffering from congenital heart defects. In 1955 on the initiative of A. N. Bakuleva was established Institute of thoracic surgery (now the Institute of cardiovascular surgery. A. N. Bakuleva), the first Director of which he became. Among his developments can be noted the method of electrocardio-stimulation, intended for the treatment of heart rhythm disorders, a method of plasty of coronary vessels in acute myocardial infarction. In the mid-fifties A. N. Bakulev lays the foundations of shunting operations on the vessels of the heart. In 1957 he was awarded the Lenin prize. In 1959 A. N. Bakulev performed a successful operation for valvular stenosis of the pulmonary artery. In 1958, the scientist was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1953 to 1960 President of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A. N. Bakulev was awarded three orders of Lenin, the order of the red banner of Labor and the red Star, was awarded the highest international award of surgeons the award "Golden scalpel". On March 31, 1967, Alexander Bakulev died suddenly from cardiac arrest and was buried at Novodevichy cemetery. In memory of Alexander Nikolaevich in 2005, a documentary film "the Key to the heart" was shot in front of the Institute of cardiovascular surgery named after A. N. Bakulev monument to the scientist, and the building a plaque.
34
Koshkina, Olga A., and Alevtina N. Sergeeva. "The State Optical Institute in Evacuation (1941–45): Documents from the State Archive of the Mari El Republic." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2022): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-396-407.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes documents from the fonds of the State Archive of the Mari El Republic (GARME) and considers the circumstances of the State Optical Institute (GOI) under the People’s Commissariat of Armament of the USSR evacuated to the city of Yoshkar-Ola of the Mari ASSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War. The authors study materials from the fonds of departments for economic arrangement of evacuated population under the Council of People's Commissars of the Mari ASSR and the Executive Committee of the Yoshkar-Ola City Council of Workers’ Deputies of the Mari ASSR; those of the M. Gorky Volga State Forestry Institute; the Ministry for Higher and Specialized Secondary Education of the RSFSR; the Directorate for Vocational and Technical Education under the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR; the Mari Republican and Yoshkar-Ola City Committees of the Communist Party of the RSFSR; the Council of Ministers of the Mari ASSR. They focus on the working conditions in the institute and its structural divisions, trends of scientific research, provision of its employees. On July 11, 1941, the State Defense Committee of the USSR issued a decree “On the Evacuation of Industrial Enterprises,” according to which the GOI was transferred from Leningrad to Yoshkar-Ola. The institute’s output was scientific work in the field of optics, both theoretical and applied, calculation of optical systems, design of optical devices and their prototypes, as well as research of new types of optical glass and its technology. In the years of the GOI’s evacuation to Yoshkar-Ola (1941 to 1945), more than 70 types of optical devices were invented. The Institute performed scientific and technical management of the optical industry factories work, covered defense requests, including supervising the production activities of one of the optical industry enterprises evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola, factory no. 297 of the People’s Commissariat of Armament (now a leading enterprise of the Mari El Republic, Mari Machine-Building Factory). The best work of the GOI scientists was awarded state awards, and even Stalin Prize. The complex of archival documents from the fonds of the State Military Academy of Economics, which has been introduced into scientific use, reflects the role of the party and state bodies of the Mari ASSR in organizing reception and accommodation of and assistance to scientists, engineers, designers, qualified workers of the State Optical Institute under the People's Commissariat of Armament in pilot production of new weapons samples for the Red Army, which was of particular importance in the wartime.
35
Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergei Ivanovich SPASOKUKOTSKY - academician, Professor, chief surgeon of the Kremlin Medical and sanitary Department (to the 150th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 13, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2020-13-1-71.
Full textAbstract:
Sergei Ivanovich Spasokukotsky was born in Kostroma in 1870 in the family of a Zemstvo doctor. In 1879 he entered the Yaroslavl provincial gymnasium, in 1888 the medical faculty of Moscow University. Having received a doctor's degree, Sergey Ivanovich supervised the construction of the hospital on the Arkhangelsk railway, worked in the clinic of Professor L. L. Levshin in Moscow. In 1898, S. I. Spasokukotsky defended his thesis on" Bone grafting in amputation of limbs." In 1900. he makes a report on hernias at the I Congress of Russian surgeons, and 3 years later publishes his report on 600 performed hernias. In 1902, he presented a scientific study on "the gatekeeper's Obstruction and its surgical treatment". By the end of the 1900s, half of the stomach operations in Russia were performed by S. I. Spasokukotsky. In 1909-1911 he worked as the head of the surgical Department of Saratov city hospital, since 1912. Professor of the Department of topographic anatomy and operative surgery, then head of the Department of hospital surgical clinic of Saratov University. S. I. Spasokukotsky studied various aspects of the treatment of ulcers and stomach cancer, problems of acute appendicitis, liver surgery, biliary tract and postoperative complications, neurosurgery. He was the first to use fat swabs to fight bleeding in brain surgery (1913). In 1915, during the First world war, he worked as a consultant surgeon on the South-Western front. Invented a method of skin-bone flap, suggested puncture method of treatment of abscesses of the brain. In 1923 S. I. Spasokukotsky for the first time in the USSR made and highly estimated diagnostic value of encephalography; one of the first began to develop a problem of surgical treatment of brain tumors, made resection of a share of a lung, for the first time pointed to the actinomycotic nature of group of pulmonary suppuration. He demonstrated the advantages of thoracoplasty in his work "the Role of surgery in the treatment of purulent pulmonary diseases. Thoracoplasty" (1925). Since 1926 Sergey Ivanovich is the head of the faculty clinic and the Department of faculty surgery of the 2nd Moscow medical Institute. N. And. Pirogov (now Russian national research medical University named after N. And. Pirogov). He introduced a polyclinic reception, strict adherence to asepsis, visiting patients at certain hours, local anesthesia, developed a method of treating the surgeon's hands. Since 1927, S. I. Spasokukotsky chief surgeon of the Medical and sanitary Department of the Kremlin, head of the surgical sector of the Institute of blood transfusion in Moscow. His experience was summarized in the monograph "blood Transfusion in surgery" (1935). From 1935 to the end of his life S. I. Spasokukotsky was a member of the Board of the all-Union society of surgeons. He was a member of the editorial Board of a number of medical journals and from 1921 to 1932 was editor of the journal "New surgical archive". S. I. Spasokukotsky was awarded the Stalin prize of I degree (1942), the government cash prize of 30 thousand rubles and the ZIS car, orders of Lenin, the red banner of Labor and medals In 1942. Sergey Ivanovich was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The scientific school of S. I. Spasokukotsky consists of 35 professors, 33 associate professors and candidate of medical Sciences. He published more than 143 scientific publications, including monographs. On November 17, 1943 Sergey Ivanovich died of liver cancer and was buried at Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. His name is called surgery (herniation, gastric resection, amputation). The street was named after Spasokukotsky in Kostroma; in Moscow: faculty surgical clinic of the Russian national research medical University named after N. So. Pirogov and city hospital №50 (2015). In front of the main building of the City clinical hospital №1 on Leninsky Prospekt it has a monument-bust.
36
Koneru, Anupama, Ayesha Naaz, Madihah, Aliya Begum, and Lanka Krishna. "Evaluation of Statin Prescribing Guidelines, Practices, Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacoeconomic Study of Chronic Statin Therapy." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
Hyperlipidemia is a medical health condition, defined as increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or a combination of such abnormalities. Statins are the most commonly used drugs in the present scenario in cardiovascular diseases for dyslipidemia condition. However, recent studies have shown a wide range of interventions regarding its use in patients receiving statin therapy. This study aims to evaluate various parameters that contribute in the choice of statin therapy which includes the prescribing habits of statins in accordance with the guidelines, safety, efficacy; prevalence of adverse drug reaction associated with statins and cost effectiveness analysis of statin tablets of different brands which are varying in their price. A hospital-based prospective study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Aster Prime Hospital, Hyderabad. A total of 170 cases were collected in case collection forms. Data in relation to age, gender, investigations done to obtain final diagnosis, and type of statin therapy opted based on the diagnosis made were collected. The results of the study are validated statistically using SPSS software which incorporates mean, standard deviation method, t test, and Chi-square test. Results obtained illustrate that Rosuvastatin was associated with less adverse effects and is considered to be more cost saving, safe, and efficacious when compared with Atorvastatin. It is crucial to find an effective and an equally safe treatment of statins to reduce the further risk of comorbidities associated with hyperlipidemia.
37
Lisyunin, Viktor. "Rebirth of Tambov Eparchy orthodox traditions in the ministration period of St. Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky) (as exemplified in narrative materials)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 180 (2019): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-180-166-178.
Full textAbstract:
We present a memories witnesses collection of the life and ministration of St. Luke – a famous scientist, renowned surgeon, doctor of medicine, professor, winner of the Stalin Prize of the first degree. The topic throughout all of the analyzed data is the significance of the personal contribu-tion of the Bishop of Tambov St. Luke (Voyno-Yasenetsky) to the revival of the Tambov Eparchy: the renewal of the successive tradition of the church life, the return of previously closed churches to believers, the decoration of the interior of churches, strict selections in the recruitment of cadres, innovations in church missionary ministration, preaching. At the same time, witnesses testify that the nationwide fame of the archpriest-surgeon was a response to his ministration as a surgeon-consultant for Tambov evacuation hospitals, thanks to which, many people he healed came to faith, following the high example of the archpastor. The voice of witnesses provides a detailed picture of military life, under which conditions St. Luke had to restore a destroyed eparchy. Recorded, collected together and processed oral memories, legends and testimonies about the exploits of the ministration of St. Luke in Tambov, taken as a whole, colorfully illustrate the events that are not generally accepted in official documents and studies. It is also valuable that in the current decade a lot of previously unknown evidence of the Tambov period of ministration of Archpriest Luke was discovered, among which particular interest shown in memories of direct witnesses to the saint's archpastoral exploit. We present the memories of the prior of the Pokrovsky Cathedral, an honorary citizen of the city of Tambov – archpriest Nikolai Stepanov and his wife Nina Petrovna Stepanova, whose mother, being a nurse, helped Luke in surgeries; testimonies of the famous Tambov ethnographer Valentina Andreyevna Kuchenkova, who in her childhood was brought to the Pokrovsky Cathedral for blessing. We also consider testimonies of: Roza Petrovna Sebyakina, Raisa Semyonovna Muravyova, Valentina Ilinichna Dobronravova, Tamara Ivanovna Komarova, Nina Vasilyevna Malina, Zoya Vladimirovna Illarionova, Valeria Pavlovna Bogoyavlenskaya, Lyudmila Alekseevna Taganova, Lyudmila Alekseevna Ivanova. Fragments of diary entries from 1944–1945 are published for the first time. They were written by Vyacheslav Tikhonovich Grozdov, son of the famous Tambov surgeon, Tikhon Mitrofanovich Grozdov. Thanks to the acquaintance and communication with daughter of V.T. Grozdov – Marina Vyacheslavovna Ganieva, there is an opportunity to study these diaries by museum specialists, who take an active part in the creation of the house-museum of St. Luke in the city of Tambov. All surviving memories and witness accounts of the earthly exploits of the ministration of St. Luke are a living chronicle, preserving the sincere memory of a kind, merciful archpastor – healer of suffering people.
38
Ali, Rohaid, Ian D. Connolly, Amy Li, Omar A. Choudhri, Arjun V. Pendharkar, and Gary K. Steinberg. "The strokes that killed Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin." Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 1 (July 2016): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.focus1575.
Full textAbstract:
From February 4 to 11, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met near Yalta in Crimea to discuss how post–World War II (WWII) Europe should be organized. Within 2 decades of this conference, all 3 men had died. President Roosevelt died 2 months after the Yalta Conference due to a hemorrhagic stroke. Premier Stalin died 8 years later, also due to a hemorrhagic stroke. Finally, Prime Minister Churchill died 20 years after the conference because of complications due to stroke. At the time of Yalta, these 3 men were the leaders of the most powerful countries in the world. The subsequent deterioration of their health and eventual death had varying degrees of historical significance. Churchill's illness forced him to resign as British prime minister, and the events that unfolded immediately after his resignation included Britain's mismanagement of the Egyptian Suez Crisis and also a period of mistrust with the United States. Furthermore, Roosevelt was still president and Stalin was still premier at their times of passing, so their deaths carried huge political ramifications not only for their respective countries but also for international relations. The early death of Roosevelt, in particular, may have exacerbated post-WWII miscommunication between America and the Soviet Union—miscommunication that may have helped precipitate the Cold War.
39
Shurygina, Olga. "Stalin prizes of the architect Ivan Zholtovsky (1940–1953)." Rossiiskaia istoriia, no. 1 (2020): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956870008280-9.
Full text
40
Olga SHURYGINA. "The Stalin Prizes of Architect Ivan Zholtovsky (1940-1953)." Social Sciences 51, no. 002 (June 30, 2020): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/ssc.60231518.
Full text
41
SCHMELZ, PETER. "Pauline Fairclough , Classics for the Masses: Shaping Soviet Musical Identity Under Lenin and Stalin (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016), ISBN 978-0-30021-719-3 (hb). - Marina Frolova-Walker , Stalin's Music Prize: Soviet Culture and Politics (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016), 978-0-30020-884-9 (hb)." Twentieth-Century Music 14, no. 3 (October 2017): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572217000366.
Full text
42
Belozerov, Oleg P. "M. M. Zavadovsky's Participation in the Elections to the USSR Academy of Sciences: An Overview of Archival Materials 1938–46." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2023): 892–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-892-905.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes two unsuccessful attempts of Mikhail Mikhailovich Zavadovsky (1891–1957), prominent specialist in the field of physico-chemical biology, parasitology, endocrinology, and developmental biology, Academician of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1935), to become a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences that took place in 1938–39 and in 1946 and possible reasons for his failure. The historical literature devoted to Zavadovsky is scarce; the history of his election to the USSR Academy of Sciences has never been studied, and thus, studying it would be an important step towards creating thorough biography of the scientist. When writing this article, such basic methods of historical research as narrative and prosopographic ones have been used. To achieve the declared goal, identification and analysis of relevant archival sources has been carried out. The documents on Zavadovsky?s election discovered to date are preserved in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences; of them of the greatest interest are two scientist’s personal files from the collection of personal files of candidates for full and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences balloted in 1939, materials from Zavadovsky?s personal fond, and materials from the fonds of the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Department of Biological Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Secretariat of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The article shows that in 1938 Zavadovsky was nominated a candidate for full membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences by a group of scientists representing various research and educational institutions, as well as by the Moscow State University. However, his candidacy did not pass the first filter in the election process, a special commission of the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences, created to discuss candidates for full members of the Academy. Probably, this happened because he had to compete in the elections with T. D. Lysenko and his associates; in any case, there was criticism of Zavadovsky as Lysenko’d antagonist and it even reached public sphere. In 1946, Zavadovsky made a second attempt to be elected, already in status of the Stalin Prize laureate, which he received in the same year; this time he was nominated as a candidate for full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences by the Academic Council of the Faculty of Biology of the Saratov State University. However, he faced certain formal obstacles. The Department of Biological Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR had five full member vacancies: two in botany, two in microbiology and biochemistry, and one in evolutionary physiology; thus, Zavadovsky, nominated in zoology, was unable to take part in the election for formal reasons. L. S. Stern?s proposal to consider him as physiologist (which was true) could not be implemented, as unidentified government commission classified Zavadovsky as geneticist, and he was to be discussed in this group in the status of a candidate for corresponding member of the Academy. Due to objective reasons, he could not compete with specialists in the field of genetics and was not elected, although showed very decent voting results. Summing up, it can be stated that Zavadovsky failed in his election to the USSR Academy of Sciences not because he did not deserve the title, but for formal, personal, and political reasons.
43
Mehta, Nehal N., and Joel M. Gelfand. "Is It Prime Time for Statin Therapy in Psoriasis?" Journal of Investigative Dermatology 142, no. 6 (June 2022): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2022.02.020.
Full text
44
Radchenko, Sergey. "Choibalsan's Great Mongolia Dream." Inner Asia 11, no. 2 (2009): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000009793066532.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article is an account of Soviet and Mongolian efforts to manipulate a nationalist insurrection in Chinese Altai in 1944–45. For the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin this insurrection, led by a Kazakh nationalist, Osman Batyr, offered an excellent opportunity to attend to Soviet security interests in Xinjiang. For the Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Osman represented an important investment in the process of expanding the MPR's regional influence and prestige. Choibalsan intended to co-opt Osman in an expanded Great Mongolia, which he hoped to build up at China's expense by winning the loyalty of the Kazakhs in Xinjiang and the Mongol banners of what is now Inner Mongolia. Stalin supported Choibalsan's vision for a time, until he reached a broader accommodation with China, ending Soviet support for anti-Chinese nationalist movements and putting an end to Choibalsan's Great Mongolia Dream.
45
Laurinavičius, Česlovas. "The Background to the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942: The Problem of Compromise Solutions for Lithuania (The Baltic States)." Lithuanian Historical Studies 26, no. 1 (December 13, 2022): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601004.
Full textAbstract:
In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime goal of those big states, to seek power and dominance.
46
Bystrova, Irina V. "Operation “Bracelet”: British Colonel E. Jacob on W. Churchill’s Visit to Moscow in August 1942." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2023): 804–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-804-822.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the first Russian publication of a part of the diary of Edward Jacob devoted to the visit of the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to Moscow and to his talks with the leader of the USSR Joseph Stalin in August 1942. This visit was of a great importance for establishing personal contact between the leaders of two countries, which was necessary for the Allies’ cooperation during World War II. The subject of the research is diary of Edward Jacob (1899-1993), who was Military Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet in 1939-46. The document is stored in the Churchill Archives Centre in Cambridge in personal collection of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Ian Claude Jacob. Publication of the documents in Russian is being made for the first time; it is justified by the necessity of advanced study of the Soviet-British relations and their influence on the course of World War II. This source contains an original version of events perception by their immediate participant, as reflected in diary records. The major method of research is content analysis of the diary, which makes it possible to detail events connected with Churchill’s visit, to reconstruct the image of Stalin, his environment, common Russian people, and day-to-day life in Russia and in Kremlin in perceptions of a foreigner, the British officer. Jacob’s diary contains original travel notes on his flight over the territory of the USSR, meetings and talks between Churchill and Stalin. Jacob also compiled brief summaries of information, in particular, on Churchill’s arrival to Moscow and the course of his talks with Stalin, which the author of the diary didn’t witness personally. Analysis of the diary text shows that he received his information directly from Churchill, and his interpretation of events is colored by emotional perceptions of the Prime Minister. W. Churchill considered personal contact with J. V. Stalin absolutely necessary for mutual actions during the war. Description of the banquet procedure in Kremlin, also reflected in other national and foreign sources (records of talks from both sides, memoirs of W. A. Harriman, A. Cadogan, etc.), makes it possible to reconstruct “Stalin’s court etiquette” and observations on Stalin’s personality in the perceptions of the diary’s author, distinct from the contents of other sources. Study of Jacob’s diary leads to the conclusion that, despite serious contradictions, which had appeared initially between the two leaders, the contact was re-established in the meetings on August, 14-16, and the change of interpreters helped. The work is of an interest for researchers studying the history of international relations and anti-Hitler coalition, as well as for all interested in the events of World War II.
47
Roberts, Geoffrey. "Moscow’s Cold War on the Periphery: Soviet Policy in Greece, Iran, and Turkey, 1943—8." Journal of Contemporary History 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410383292.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines Soviet policy towards Greece, Iran and Turkey during the early Cold War. It argues that Stalin’s aims in relation to these countries were limited and secondary to more important goals in Europe. Equally, the postwar crises in Greece, Turkey, and Iran played a critical role in shaping differing Soviet and Western perceptions of the causes of the Cold War. An important part of the story on the Soviet side was the role of wounded national pride in propelling Stalin into the Cold War.
48
Son, Kyung-Bok, and SeungJin Bae. "Patterns of statin utilisation for new users and market dynamics in South Korea: a 13-year retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e026603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026603.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThis study analysed utilisation of statins for new statin users and assessed market dynamics of statins in South Korea.DesignThis study is a retrospective cohort study.SettingThe yearly claims data for statins were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort.Main outcome measureWe are interested in new statin users during 2003–2015 in Korea. Information on prescribed statins, including intensity of statins and entry of new and follow-on statins in the market, and healthcare institutions that prescribed the statins were also collected. In time series analysis, we estimated the effect of introduction of generics in the market, specifically for newly prescribed statin users.ResultsThis 13-year longitudinal study of a sample cohort provided by the National Health Insurance Service found that the incidence of new statin user increase from 838.1/100 000 persons in 2003 to 1626.9/100 000 persons in 2015. Most new users were initiated on a monotherapy that was prescribed at primary healthcare institutions. However, the statin market for new users were quite dynamic in Korea. First, the most commonly prescribed statin changed several times during the study period. Second, the use of moderate-intensity statins increased from 57% in 2003 to 92% in 2015. In line with this result, we could not observe substantial differences in prescription of statins in groups having selected diseases history. Lastly, we found market invasion or switch of statins among new statin users, specifically at primary healthcare institutions.ConclusionSimilar to other countries, the incidence of new statin users has been increased in Korea. However, the statin market in Korea is quite dynamic compared with other countries. Interestingly, discounted price of originals after the introduction of generics immediately expand markets or substitute the market particularly in primary healthcare institutions in Korea.
49
Kadusevicius, Edmundas, Danguole Jankauskiene, Inga Paulauskaite, and Rimvydas Slapikas. "Policy implications of rationalization of statin use in Lithuania." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, no. 03 (July 2009): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309990158.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the trends and costs of statin use in Lithuania over a 3-year period and perform a cost-minimization and reference price analysis to rationalize the use of financial resources of the National Health Care System.Methods: The defined daily dose (DDD) methodology was applied for assessment of statin use, which was expressed in DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day. Cost minimization and reference price calculations were used in the economic analysis.Results:Over the 3-year period (2005–2007), the consumption and expenditures of statins in Lithuania doubled. The consumption went up from 3.87 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day (in 2005) to 8.35 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day (in 2007). Total expenses of statins increased during the same period from LTL6.186 million in 2005 to LTL12.418 million in 2007. Approximately 68 percent of the estimated costs for statins in 2007 were for atorvastatin. Provided that the calculated reference prices were fixed, the estimated savings would amount to a minimum of LTL1.371 million per year and could reach yearly savings in the order of LTL3.163 million. The total expenses would drop by at least 11 percent, and the decrease in costs could be as high as 25 percent (€1 = LTL3.4528).Conclusions:Statins consumption is still very low in Lithuania in comparison with other European Union countries. Implementation of cholesterol education programs and changing reimbursement profile for statins therapy will increase consumption and expenditures. The introduction of reference-based pricing as an indirect cost control policy would help rationalizing the use of statins and their expenditures.
50
Rosemarin, Shoshana. "David Ben-Gurion." Gifted Education International 30, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429413481126.
Full textAbstract:
David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), the first Prime Minister of Israel, is included in Pasternak’s (2001) list of the nine most memorable leaders of the twentieth century. All of them are remembered for the reforms they initiated. Roosevelt (USA), Stalin (Russia), Castro (Cuba), and Thatcher (England) focused on social–economical changes, whereas Gandhi (India), Abdullah (Jordan), Ben-Gurion, Begin and Rabin (Israel), Nasser (Egypt), and DeGaulle (France) achieved political changes. Moreover, Ben-Gurion was assigned two titles: “one of the greatest politicians” as well as “one of the greatest Jewish leaders” (Sheffer, 1997: 583).