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Academic literature on the topic 'Stålkonstruktioner'
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Journal articles on the topic "Stålkonstruktioner"
Winther, Per. "Selskabets studietur Belgien 23.-26. august 2018." Vejhistorie 2019, no. 33 (February 6, 2023): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/vejhistorie2019no33pp24-25.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Stålkonstruktioner"
Karlsson, Niklas, and Jenny Öjemyr. "Rostfria stålkonstruktioner och rostskyddsbehandling av stålkonstruktioner enligt Eurocode." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101825.
Full textStål är ett utmärkt material att bygga med, men hänsyn måste tas till att oskyddat stål korroderar, rostar, därför ska stålet i regel rostskyddsbehandlas. Detta kan göras genom att minska stålets benägenhet för att korrodera genom att använda rostfritt stål eller genom att behandla stålet med någon skyddsmetod. De två vanligaste skyddsmetoderna är rostskyddsmålning och förzinkning. För att bestämma metod måste först korrosivitetsklassen bedömmas och det görs enligt SS-EN ISO 12944-2:1998. Rostfritt stål finns i många olika varianter och det är bara några av dessa som har egenskaper som gör att de kan användas till byggande. Det finns även många faktorer att tänka på för att förhindra att korrosion i rostfria konstruktioner uppstår. Dimensionering av rostfritt stål skiljer sig något från dimensionering av vanligt kolstål. I detta arbete tas endast skillnaderna upp. Det finns många olika färgsystem inom rostskyddsmålning. Dessa består av minst två stycken olika skikt med färg. Innan ett stål rostskyddsmålas måste det förbehandlas så att eventuella föroreningar på stålet försvinner och ger färgen bra vidhäftning. Förzinkning kan göras på ett par olika sätt, däribland varmförzinkning och sprutförzinkning där varmförzinkning är den vanligaste metoden. När både förzinkning och målning används fås så kallade duplexa system. Vilken metod som ska väljas för att skydda stålet mot korrosion beror på flera olika faktorer så som ekonomi, estetik och miljöpåverkan. Det finns ingen enkel lösningsmetod utan allt måste vägas samman och beaktas utefter varje enskilt fall.
Pöhner, Edvin, and Göran Ronell. "OPTIMERING AV STÅLKONSTRUKTIONER." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76598.
Full textThis report investigates if there are savings to be made during the phase of construction planning. The study will be carried out through compiling and analyzing the capacity level of columns in four steel constructions situated in the region around Örebro. The Purpose is to study if there are savings to be made, and if so, how big these savings are. The design has mainly been carried out using the software Ramanalys, where every column in the construction has been analyzed and designed. Loads that are dependent on location, building design, topography etc have been calculated with the help of Eurocode and the associated national annex, EKS. Loads from trusses, installations, roofs and walls have been estimated as these are designed by suppliers. The estimations have been made using the quick-designing programs provided by the suppliers’ websites. The frames that have been analyzed are of the type steel constructions. The optimization has been limited to the columns in the frame of these constructions. The result of this study shows that savings can be made. In the constructions we have studied, the financial savings are between 10-24 %. These savings refer solely to the material cost of the component, which must be clearly emphasized. The savings are thus only on kilograms of steel and no account is taken for other possible incurred costs such as transport, assembly, extra time for the constructor etc. By calculating for a higher degree of utilization of the frame columns, one can save material that otherwise would have to be paid for. In this case steel weight that can be reduced by choosing slimmer and more optimized dimensions. The capacity levels in this comparison is on some elements utilized around 98-99 %. The conclusion of this study is that one can do more optimized designs and thus reduce material weights and lower the cost thereof.
Abdelwahab, Kemal, and Mohamed Abdirizag Farah. "Spricktillväxt i stålkonstruktioner på grund av utmattning." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259364.
Full textSteel bridges estimated service life is determined by the fatigue strength of the steel, since fatigue is one of the main reasons for limiting the service life. In Sweden there is a number of bridges that approach the end of their service life, while the need of increasing the capacity and demands on bridges grows. The majority of these bridges is in need of reparation. On the other hand, it is not possible either from a financial- or environmental perspective to replace all bridges, and therefore the bridges that are most critical needs priority. In the case of fatigue design calculation of steel bridges, the entire stress range is taken into account, regardless of whether the stresses are in tension or pressure. A crack propagates only at tensile stresses, which means that pressure should not really be considered in the design calculations. This means that some steel bridges could have a longer life span than the traditional design calculation gives. The stress intensity factor K is used within the fracture mechanism to predict the stress intensity near crack tip, and is applied to linear elastic materials. The finite element program Abaqus was used when the bridge detail was modeled and analyzed. The bridge detail represents a beam with a welded connection plate, which is exposed to traffic load at the bridge and a temperature load to simulate residual stresses. The detail represents the problem of fatigue in steel structural parts. The motive for this study is that no cracks have been found during inspections of similar details, despite the fact that some steel bridges theoretically have consumed their longevity. The study is conducted with a more advanced model than usually created for assessment of fatigue, with the purpose of modeling the reality more correctly. The results show how the residual stresses cause tensile stresses, which leads to crack propagation in the model. At a crack length of 9,5 mm, the stresses change from tension to compression, and then the crack growth ceases. The results also indicate that fatigue cracking can grow in steel structural parts that are mainly exposed to compressive nominal stresses, if tensile residual stresses appear at the connection plate.
Elf, Adam, and Kevin Cederth. "Brandskydd av stålkonstruktioner : Lathund för brandskyddsdimensionering av stålprofiler." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24228.
Full textOlsson, Erika, and Jenny Abrahamsson. "Utökade krav för svetsade stålkonstruktioner vid efterbehandling av svetsar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85968.
Full textThe steel industry stands for 7 % of the worlds emission of carbon dioxide. An alternative to reduce the environmental impact of the industry is to introduce structures of high strength steel since it provides opportunity for slimmer structures and thereby less material consumption. However, the use of high strength steel in welded structures can be problematic when exposed to fatigue loads, which can lead to unsuspected breaks in the structure. To improve welded structures against fatigue PWT can be implemented.The possibilities for implementation of PWT during manufacturing and possible obstacles as to why it should not be used was investigated in this thesis. To form a perception for the possibilities of alternative welding methods to increase fatigue strength the existing regulations and norms of execution for as welded conditions was examined. Opinions from different participants in the construction process were interviewed to answer the questions at issue.The lacking ability to verify stress in a weld was concluded to be a contributing factor as to why PWT is not currently used during the manufacturing process in the construction industry. The interview with Trafikverket resulted in the alternative to create a specific requirement specification according to demands in Krav Brobyggande. Approval of the specific requirement specification could lead to possibility to implement PWT in the construction industry. Krav Brobyggande is Trafikverkets document with demands and advice for bridge construction in Sweden.
David, Amanda, and Gabriel Altinsu. "Branddimensionering av stålkonstruktioner : Kostnadseffektivisering av brandskydd i industrihallar av stål." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302710.
Full textSteel is a commonly used construction material. It is a material where small dimensions can be used to achieve large spans and free spaces. Steel softens however when encountering high temperatures which can cause severe damage such as collapses. It is therefore with greatest importance that fire protection is designed correctly. This bachelor thesis contains a study that compares different fire protections for industrialbuildings in steel, and the purpose of the study was to find the most economic efficient fire protection. This study has been made in collaboration with Blixthuset Stålhallar where one of their projects needed fire protection to be designed. The fire protections being compared was over dimensioning steel column VKR 250X250X10, using fire gips, fire insulation and fire painting. Initially, the load effect in room temperature was designed according to the Eurocodes. Thereafter, the load effect in the fire load case was designed, followed by finding the critical steel temperature. When comparing the two load effects, the utilization could be recognized and consequently, the requisite of fire protection could be identified. When the amount of fire protection needed was determined, offers from different companies could be taken in for comparison. The study showed that oversizing is an inefficient solution of fire protecting the steel columns since even the thickest steel column VKR 400X400X16 was not thick enough to achieve the fire requirement R60. Despite oversizing the steel columns, other fire protection would still be needed. Furthermore, the study showed that the most expensive fire protection wasassembly of fire discs, followed by fire painting. The cheapest alternative was fire insulation.
Krohn, Matilda. "Brandskydd av stålkonstruktioner : En jämförelse mellan brandskyddsmålning och ökad dimensionering." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44544.
Full textEl, Mourabit Samir, and Mattias Forsberg. "BRANDDIMENSIONERING AV STÅL : En jämförelse av dimensioneringsmetoder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226142.
Full textWhen the construction industry phased out the earlier national construction standards a few years ago and replaced them with the European standards, the rules for fire safety changed. The new design process is complex and not simple to get a full picture of. For that purpose this thesis is written for Sweco Structures AB. The main part of this thesis comprises of descriptions and explanations of the existing design methodologies. To better understand the methods in Eurocode, the first chapter contains basic theory of how fires behave and how steel responds to higher temperatures. The following chapters address the simplified calculation methods and their equations. The report also includes a case study of a steel framed industrial building where a critical diagonal was analyzed. The analysis showed that the method called critical temperature method is not applicable for components where instability is taken into account. Those components should instead be calculated using the equations given in Eurocode. Therefore the critical temperature method has a very limited use. The analysis also showed that the cost of increasing the dimension of the diagonal was about the same as the cost of coating it with fire resisting paint, but this is very dependent on the situation. The report concludes with discussion and comparison of results.
Gustafsson, Lena. "Rostskyddssystem för stålprofiler : Tekniska egenskaper, ekonomi och miljöfrågor." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2601.
Full textNästan alla stålkonstruktioner måste rostskyddas. Undantaget är de som står inomhus i torr luft. Ett rostskydd kan utföras på flera olika sätt, men de vanligaste är att stålet målas med rostskyddsfärg eller att det varmförzinkas. Innan detta kan utföras måste stålet förbehandlas. Det är viktigt att den utförs noggrant för annars kan kvarvarande föroreningar börja rosta under färg- eller zinkskiktet. Rapporten behandlar de ovan nämnda metoderna, dess egenskaper och miljöpåverkan samt kostnader för systemen.
De rostskyddsmetoder som används har alla en negativ påverkan på naturen och hälsan. Hur stor den är beror på vilken sorts beläggning som används. Men man måste också tänka på att de faktiskt skyddar stålet och ökar livslängden och därigenom ger ett bättre resursutnyttjande.
Att säga hur mycket ett system kostar är inte helt lätt. Dessa kostnader beror på flera saker. Den största skillnaden gör mängden stål, men det beror även på till exempel tjocklek och typ av skikt.
Resultatet av studien är ett antal tabeller där konstruktörerna själva kan gå in och välja det system som, med tanke på ekonomi och miljöfrågor samt skiktets egenskaper, passar bäst till konstruktionen. Även ett snabbvalssystem har utvecklats där man väljer enbart efter en kategori, till exempel den billigaste eller den starkaste.
Lindqvist, Elias, and Sebastian Mäcs. "Värmestrålningssköldar som brandskydd av stålelement : En teoretisk undersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257580.
Full textIn fire tests performed in Australia meant to examine the effectivity of sprinkler systems, a few simple heat radiation shields made of highly reflective materials were also tested. In the trials three identical steel columns were exposed to fire in an office building. One of those columns were shielded with a galvanized steel sheet, the second with an aluminized steel sheet while the third was left unprotected. Data from the trial shows that the temperature of the steel columns was measured to 580°C and 427°C for the protected columns and 1064°C for the unprotected. Despite the positive results hardly any further studies has been made on this subject, which have motivated this report. The main goal of this report is to, with the help of theoretical experiments, prove that heat radiation shields can be used as a fire protection system for steel profiles. By implementing the underlying theory of heat transfer into a program capable of calculating a certain material’s ability to protect a steel profile from radiant heat, the temperature of the profile could be estimated. Results show that in order to sufficiently protect a VKR 200x200x10 millimeter steel profile exposed to 30 minutes of fire, a 1 millimeter heat radiation shield made out of a material with no less than 80 percent heat reflectivity has to be used. The material must also contain its reflectivity during the entire period, have a high enough density and not melt at a temperature lower than 1000°C.