Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Stålkonstruktioner'
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Karlsson, Niklas, and Jenny Öjemyr. "Rostfria stålkonstruktioner och rostskyddsbehandling av stålkonstruktioner enligt Eurocode." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101825.
Full textStål är ett utmärkt material att bygga med, men hänsyn måste tas till att oskyddat stål korroderar, rostar, därför ska stålet i regel rostskyddsbehandlas. Detta kan göras genom att minska stålets benägenhet för att korrodera genom att använda rostfritt stål eller genom att behandla stålet med någon skyddsmetod. De två vanligaste skyddsmetoderna är rostskyddsmålning och förzinkning. För att bestämma metod måste först korrosivitetsklassen bedömmas och det görs enligt SS-EN ISO 12944-2:1998. Rostfritt stål finns i många olika varianter och det är bara några av dessa som har egenskaper som gör att de kan användas till byggande. Det finns även många faktorer att tänka på för att förhindra att korrosion i rostfria konstruktioner uppstår. Dimensionering av rostfritt stål skiljer sig något från dimensionering av vanligt kolstål. I detta arbete tas endast skillnaderna upp. Det finns många olika färgsystem inom rostskyddsmålning. Dessa består av minst två stycken olika skikt med färg. Innan ett stål rostskyddsmålas måste det förbehandlas så att eventuella föroreningar på stålet försvinner och ger färgen bra vidhäftning. Förzinkning kan göras på ett par olika sätt, däribland varmförzinkning och sprutförzinkning där varmförzinkning är den vanligaste metoden. När både förzinkning och målning används fås så kallade duplexa system. Vilken metod som ska väljas för att skydda stålet mot korrosion beror på flera olika faktorer så som ekonomi, estetik och miljöpåverkan. Det finns ingen enkel lösningsmetod utan allt måste vägas samman och beaktas utefter varje enskilt fall.
Pöhner, Edvin, and Göran Ronell. "OPTIMERING AV STÅLKONSTRUKTIONER." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76598.
Full textThis report investigates if there are savings to be made during the phase of construction planning. The study will be carried out through compiling and analyzing the capacity level of columns in four steel constructions situated in the region around Örebro. The Purpose is to study if there are savings to be made, and if so, how big these savings are. The design has mainly been carried out using the software Ramanalys, where every column in the construction has been analyzed and designed. Loads that are dependent on location, building design, topography etc have been calculated with the help of Eurocode and the associated national annex, EKS. Loads from trusses, installations, roofs and walls have been estimated as these are designed by suppliers. The estimations have been made using the quick-designing programs provided by the suppliers’ websites. The frames that have been analyzed are of the type steel constructions. The optimization has been limited to the columns in the frame of these constructions. The result of this study shows that savings can be made. In the constructions we have studied, the financial savings are between 10-24 %. These savings refer solely to the material cost of the component, which must be clearly emphasized. The savings are thus only on kilograms of steel and no account is taken for other possible incurred costs such as transport, assembly, extra time for the constructor etc. By calculating for a higher degree of utilization of the frame columns, one can save material that otherwise would have to be paid for. In this case steel weight that can be reduced by choosing slimmer and more optimized dimensions. The capacity levels in this comparison is on some elements utilized around 98-99 %. The conclusion of this study is that one can do more optimized designs and thus reduce material weights and lower the cost thereof.
Abdelwahab, Kemal, and Mohamed Abdirizag Farah. "Spricktillväxt i stålkonstruktioner på grund av utmattning." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259364.
Full textSteel bridges estimated service life is determined by the fatigue strength of the steel, since fatigue is one of the main reasons for limiting the service life. In Sweden there is a number of bridges that approach the end of their service life, while the need of increasing the capacity and demands on bridges grows. The majority of these bridges is in need of reparation. On the other hand, it is not possible either from a financial- or environmental perspective to replace all bridges, and therefore the bridges that are most critical needs priority. In the case of fatigue design calculation of steel bridges, the entire stress range is taken into account, regardless of whether the stresses are in tension or pressure. A crack propagates only at tensile stresses, which means that pressure should not really be considered in the design calculations. This means that some steel bridges could have a longer life span than the traditional design calculation gives. The stress intensity factor K is used within the fracture mechanism to predict the stress intensity near crack tip, and is applied to linear elastic materials. The finite element program Abaqus was used when the bridge detail was modeled and analyzed. The bridge detail represents a beam with a welded connection plate, which is exposed to traffic load at the bridge and a temperature load to simulate residual stresses. The detail represents the problem of fatigue in steel structural parts. The motive for this study is that no cracks have been found during inspections of similar details, despite the fact that some steel bridges theoretically have consumed their longevity. The study is conducted with a more advanced model than usually created for assessment of fatigue, with the purpose of modeling the reality more correctly. The results show how the residual stresses cause tensile stresses, which leads to crack propagation in the model. At a crack length of 9,5 mm, the stresses change from tension to compression, and then the crack growth ceases. The results also indicate that fatigue cracking can grow in steel structural parts that are mainly exposed to compressive nominal stresses, if tensile residual stresses appear at the connection plate.
Elf, Adam, and Kevin Cederth. "Brandskydd av stålkonstruktioner : Lathund för brandskyddsdimensionering av stålprofiler." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24228.
Full textOlsson, Erika, and Jenny Abrahamsson. "Utökade krav för svetsade stålkonstruktioner vid efterbehandling av svetsar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85968.
Full textThe steel industry stands for 7 % of the worlds emission of carbon dioxide. An alternative to reduce the environmental impact of the industry is to introduce structures of high strength steel since it provides opportunity for slimmer structures and thereby less material consumption. However, the use of high strength steel in welded structures can be problematic when exposed to fatigue loads, which can lead to unsuspected breaks in the structure. To improve welded structures against fatigue PWT can be implemented.The possibilities for implementation of PWT during manufacturing and possible obstacles as to why it should not be used was investigated in this thesis. To form a perception for the possibilities of alternative welding methods to increase fatigue strength the existing regulations and norms of execution for as welded conditions was examined. Opinions from different participants in the construction process were interviewed to answer the questions at issue.The lacking ability to verify stress in a weld was concluded to be a contributing factor as to why PWT is not currently used during the manufacturing process in the construction industry. The interview with Trafikverket resulted in the alternative to create a specific requirement specification according to demands in Krav Brobyggande. Approval of the specific requirement specification could lead to possibility to implement PWT in the construction industry. Krav Brobyggande is Trafikverkets document with demands and advice for bridge construction in Sweden.
David, Amanda, and Gabriel Altinsu. "Branddimensionering av stålkonstruktioner : Kostnadseffektivisering av brandskydd i industrihallar av stål." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302710.
Full textSteel is a commonly used construction material. It is a material where small dimensions can be used to achieve large spans and free spaces. Steel softens however when encountering high temperatures which can cause severe damage such as collapses. It is therefore with greatest importance that fire protection is designed correctly. This bachelor thesis contains a study that compares different fire protections for industrialbuildings in steel, and the purpose of the study was to find the most economic efficient fire protection. This study has been made in collaboration with Blixthuset Stålhallar where one of their projects needed fire protection to be designed. The fire protections being compared was over dimensioning steel column VKR 250X250X10, using fire gips, fire insulation and fire painting. Initially, the load effect in room temperature was designed according to the Eurocodes. Thereafter, the load effect in the fire load case was designed, followed by finding the critical steel temperature. When comparing the two load effects, the utilization could be recognized and consequently, the requisite of fire protection could be identified. When the amount of fire protection needed was determined, offers from different companies could be taken in for comparison. The study showed that oversizing is an inefficient solution of fire protecting the steel columns since even the thickest steel column VKR 400X400X16 was not thick enough to achieve the fire requirement R60. Despite oversizing the steel columns, other fire protection would still be needed. Furthermore, the study showed that the most expensive fire protection wasassembly of fire discs, followed by fire painting. The cheapest alternative was fire insulation.
Krohn, Matilda. "Brandskydd av stålkonstruktioner : En jämförelse mellan brandskyddsmålning och ökad dimensionering." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44544.
Full textEl, Mourabit Samir, and Mattias Forsberg. "BRANDDIMENSIONERING AV STÅL : En jämförelse av dimensioneringsmetoder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226142.
Full textWhen the construction industry phased out the earlier national construction standards a few years ago and replaced them with the European standards, the rules for fire safety changed. The new design process is complex and not simple to get a full picture of. For that purpose this thesis is written for Sweco Structures AB. The main part of this thesis comprises of descriptions and explanations of the existing design methodologies. To better understand the methods in Eurocode, the first chapter contains basic theory of how fires behave and how steel responds to higher temperatures. The following chapters address the simplified calculation methods and their equations. The report also includes a case study of a steel framed industrial building where a critical diagonal was analyzed. The analysis showed that the method called critical temperature method is not applicable for components where instability is taken into account. Those components should instead be calculated using the equations given in Eurocode. Therefore the critical temperature method has a very limited use. The analysis also showed that the cost of increasing the dimension of the diagonal was about the same as the cost of coating it with fire resisting paint, but this is very dependent on the situation. The report concludes with discussion and comparison of results.
Gustafsson, Lena. "Rostskyddssystem för stålprofiler : Tekniska egenskaper, ekonomi och miljöfrågor." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2601.
Full textNästan alla stålkonstruktioner måste rostskyddas. Undantaget är de som står inomhus i torr luft. Ett rostskydd kan utföras på flera olika sätt, men de vanligaste är att stålet målas med rostskyddsfärg eller att det varmförzinkas. Innan detta kan utföras måste stålet förbehandlas. Det är viktigt att den utförs noggrant för annars kan kvarvarande föroreningar börja rosta under färg- eller zinkskiktet. Rapporten behandlar de ovan nämnda metoderna, dess egenskaper och miljöpåverkan samt kostnader för systemen.
De rostskyddsmetoder som används har alla en negativ påverkan på naturen och hälsan. Hur stor den är beror på vilken sorts beläggning som används. Men man måste också tänka på att de faktiskt skyddar stålet och ökar livslängden och därigenom ger ett bättre resursutnyttjande.
Att säga hur mycket ett system kostar är inte helt lätt. Dessa kostnader beror på flera saker. Den största skillnaden gör mängden stål, men det beror även på till exempel tjocklek och typ av skikt.
Resultatet av studien är ett antal tabeller där konstruktörerna själva kan gå in och välja det system som, med tanke på ekonomi och miljöfrågor samt skiktets egenskaper, passar bäst till konstruktionen. Även ett snabbvalssystem har utvecklats där man väljer enbart efter en kategori, till exempel den billigaste eller den starkaste.
Lindqvist, Elias, and Sebastian Mäcs. "Värmestrålningssköldar som brandskydd av stålelement : En teoretisk undersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257580.
Full textIn fire tests performed in Australia meant to examine the effectivity of sprinkler systems, a few simple heat radiation shields made of highly reflective materials were also tested. In the trials three identical steel columns were exposed to fire in an office building. One of those columns were shielded with a galvanized steel sheet, the second with an aluminized steel sheet while the third was left unprotected. Data from the trial shows that the temperature of the steel columns was measured to 580°C and 427°C for the protected columns and 1064°C for the unprotected. Despite the positive results hardly any further studies has been made on this subject, which have motivated this report. The main goal of this report is to, with the help of theoretical experiments, prove that heat radiation shields can be used as a fire protection system for steel profiles. By implementing the underlying theory of heat transfer into a program capable of calculating a certain material’s ability to protect a steel profile from radiant heat, the temperature of the profile could be estimated. Results show that in order to sufficiently protect a VKR 200x200x10 millimeter steel profile exposed to 30 minutes of fire, a 1 millimeter heat radiation shield made out of a material with no less than 80 percent heat reflectivity has to be used. The material must also contain its reflectivity during the entire period, have a high enough density and not melt at a temperature lower than 1000°C.
Mansour, Masis, Alexander Frid, and Souzan Bakr. "Implementering av höghållfast stål i byggbranschen : Analys av hur höghållfasta stålkonstruktioner kan appliceras för byggnadstekniska verk: fördelar, risker och användningsområden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49352.
Full textLarsson, Niclas. "Stålkonstruktion : En jämförelse av fast inspända- och ledat infästa pelare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182350.
Full textSammanfattning Användning av stål i konstruktioner öppnar nya möjligheter tack vare dess egenskaper som tillåter stora spännvidder och slanka tvärsnitt. Beräkningsgången vid dimensionering av stålkonstruktioner har över tid förenklats tack vare de datorstöd som kan användas vid kontroll av bärförmåga och stabilitet. Hallen som detta arbete baserats på har tidigare projekterats med trästomme och är beläget i Örnsköldsvik. Den 330 kvadratmeter stora, asymmetriska maskinhallen har utformats i stål med hjälp av olika metoder för stomstabilisering. I detta projekt har ledat infästa- samt fast inspända pelare jämförts som stomstabiliseringsmetod. Takkonstruktioner i hallbyggnader betraktas vanligtvis som en stabiliserande styv skiva som överför horisontalkrafter i konstruktioner. I detta projekt antogs takkonstruktionen istället vara ett kallt tak som inte uppnår skivverkan. För framtagning av dimensionerande krafter på respektive bärverk användes beräkningsprogrammet FEM-Design. Resultatet av projektet inkluderar utformning, dimensionerande krafter samt valda profiler för respektive stabiliseringsmetod. Vidare redovisas utformade infästningar efter dimensionerande krafter som beräknats vid datorberäkningarna. Av de förutsättningar som gavs i detta projekt visade det sig att flertalet stabiliserande stag respektive stora pelardimensioner krävdes för att uppnå en stabil och hållfast konstruktion som gestaltar det ursprungliga utförandet vid betraktande av de båda bärverken. En överslagsberäkning visar att det fast inspända bärverket erhöll en vikt 3,3 ton tyngre än det ledat infästa bärverket. Stora delar av viktpåslaget hade sin grund i att pelardimensioner valdes till HEA 280 som fast inspänd samt HEA 200 som ledat infäst. Slutsatsen kan sammanfattas i att användningen av stål är mer fördelaktigt när bärverket kan utformas strategiskt efter optimal funktion och inte efter ett förutbestämt, komplext utseende. Men, givet de förutsättningar som ställts i detta projekt blev följden att ett ledat infäst bärverk är ett bättre alternativ med avseende på konstruktion, tillverkning och ekonomi.
Alsabti, Roni. "Certifieringens påverkan i byggbranschen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259904.
Full textIn this thesis the impact of the certification for building materials in the construction industry is examined. The study has been conducted because of the lack of information on how the certification has made an impact on the construction industry. In order for a producer to be able to hold certification for his product, it is necessary to undergo a procedure that is controlled by a certification body. The goal of becoming certified is a quality development in materials and produce more sustainable and efficient materials. Those who create directives and requirements are EU and certification bodies in Sweden that Nordcert offers this certification to producers, which means that the producer's product meets the EU requirements and holds the right to be sold within the EU borders. A contact with the producers that was maintained was the basis for this study. The contact created interviews with 19 producers in total and these interviews were the result of this study. The questions that are answered read: • Has the certification contributed to improving the efficiency of materials? • Has the certification contributed to a quality development in materials? • Has the certification contributed to improvements in the work environment? • Is there any connection between different times lengths of the certification? The results largely indicate that the certification has affected the producers a great deal in terms of what it has contributed to. It appears that the certification follows a correlation with its impact on the producers. It is clear that a certification is a profitable process to go through for producers as it benefits them in their quality, efficiency and work enviromental develompent.
Possidente, Luca. "Development and application of corotational finite elements for the analysis of steel structures in fire." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/289943.
Full textThe ignition and the propagation of a fire inside a building may lead to global or local structural collapse, especially in steel framed structures. Indeed, steel structures are particularly vulnerable to thermal attack because of a high value of steel conductivity and of the small thickness that characterise the cross-sections. As a crucial aspect of design, fire safety requirements should be achieved either following prescriptive rules or adopting performance-based fire engineering. Despite the possibility to employ simple methods that involve member analysis under nominal fire curves, a more accurate analysis of the thermomechanical behaviour of a steel structural system is an appealing alternative, as it may lead to more economical and efficient solutions by taking into account possible favourable mechanisms. This analysis typically requires the investigation of parts of the structure or even of the whole structure. For this purpose, and in order to gain a deeper knowledge about the behaviour of structural members at elevated temperature, numerical simulation should be employed. In this thesis, thermomechanical finite elements, suited for the analyses of steel structures in fire, were developed and exploited in numerical simulation of relevant case studies. The development of a shell and of a 3D beam thermomechanical finite element based on a corotational formulation is presented. Most of the relevant structural cases can be adequately investigated by either using one of these elements or combining them. The corotational formulation is well suited for the analyses of structures in which large displacements, but small strains occur, as in the case of steel structures in fire. The main features of the elements are described, as well as their characterization in the thermomechanical context. In this regard, the material degradation due to the temperature increase and the thermal expansion of steel were considered in the derivation of the elements. In addition, a branch-switching procedure to perform preliminary instability analyses and get important insight into the post-buckling behaviour of steel structures subjected to fire is presented. The application of the developed numerical tools is provided in the part of the thesis devoted to the published research work. Several aspects of the buckling of steel structural elements at elevated temperature are discussed. In paper I, considerations about the influence of geometrical imperfections on the behaviour of compressed steel plates and columns at elevated temperatures are provided, as well as implications and results of the employment of the branch-switching procedure. In Paper II, the proposed 3D beam element is validated for meaningful case studies, in which torsional deformations are significant. The developed beam and shell elements are employed in an investigation of buckling resistance of compressed angular, Tee and cruciform steel profiles at elevated temperature presented in Paper III. An improved buckling curve for design is presented in this work. Furthermore, as an example of the application of Fire Safety Engineering principles, a comprehensive analysis is proposed in Paper IV. Two relevant fire scenarios are identified for the investigated building, which is modelled and analysed in the software SAFIR.
Merza, Nawar. "Inverkan av försvagningar på bärförmåga för stålbalkar med långa spännvidder : En jämförelse mellan Eurokod och BKR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-184581.
Full textJonsson, Jerry, and Poojan Mohammadi. "DIMENSIONERING OCH LIVSCYKELANALYS : EN JÄMFÖRELSE MELLAN EN STÅL- OCH TRÄKONSTRUKTION." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185342.
Full textPossidente, Luca. "Development and application of corotational finite elements for the analysis of steel structures in fire." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/289943.
Full textThe ignition and the propagation of a fire inside a building may lead to global or local structural collapse, especially in steel framed structures. Indeed, steel structures are particularly vulnerable to thermal attack because of a high value of steel conductivity and of the small thickness that characterise the cross-sections. As a crucial aspect of design, fire safety requirements should be achieved either following prescriptive rules or adopting performance-based fire engineering. Despite the possibility to employ simple methods that involve member analysis under nominal fire curves, a more accurate analysis of the thermomechanical behaviour of a steel structural system is an appealing alternative, as it may lead to more economical and efficient solutions by taking into account possible favourable mechanisms. This analysis typically requires the investigation of parts of the structure or even of the whole structure. For this purpose, and in order to gain a deeper knowledge about the behaviour of structural members at elevated temperature, numerical simulation should be employed. In this thesis, thermomechanical finite elements, suited for the analyses of steel structures in fire, were developed and exploited in numerical simulation of relevant case studies. The development of a shell and of a 3D beam thermomechanical finite element based on a corotational formulation is presented. Most of the relevant structural cases can be adequately investigated by either using one of these elements or combining them. The corotational formulation is well suited for the analyses of structures in which large displacements, but small strains occur, as in the case of steel structures in fire. The main features of the elements are described, as well as their characterization in the thermomechanical context. In this regard, the material degradation due to the temperature increase and the thermal expansion of steel were considered in the derivation of the elements. In addition, a branch-switching procedure to perform preliminary instability analyses and get important insight into the post-buckling behaviour of steel structures subjected to fire is presented. The application of the developed numerical tools is provided in the part of the thesis devoted to the published research work. Several aspects of the buckling of steel structural elements at elevated temperature are discussed. In paper I, considerations about the influence of geometrical imperfections on the behaviour of compressed steel plates and columns at elevated temperatures are provided, as well as implications and results of the employment of the branch-switching procedure. In Paper II, the proposed 3D beam element is validated for meaningful case studies, in which torsional deformations are significant. The developed beam and shell elements are employed in an investigation of buckling resistance of compressed angular, Tee and cruciform steel profiles at elevated temperature presented in Paper III. An improved buckling curve for design is presented in this work. Furthermore, as an example of the application of Fire Safety Engineering principles, a comprehensive analysis is proposed in Paper IV. Two relevant fire scenarios are identified for the investigated building, which is modelled and analysed in the software SAFIR.
Isaksson, Frida, and Julia Dahlberg. "Att dimensionera balkonger : Svårigheter, begränsningar och dimensionsskillnader för trä och stål." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184773.
Full textAziz, Daniel. "Dimensionering av högprofilerad plåt : Analys av tillgängliga programvaror." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55070.
Full textLengstrand, Anders. "Dimensionering av bärverk av stål : En jämförelse mellan Eurokod och BKR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggnadsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159917.
Full textKader, Shasmin, and Martina Ögren. "Framtagning av beräkningshjälpmedel i form av lathund för laster, lastkombinationer och ståldimensionering enligt Eurokod Jämförelsestudie mellan Eurokod och Boverkets nuvarande regler." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20105.
Full textBrink, Robin. "Konstruktionsförslag av tömningsstationer för storsäckar." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14733.
Full textBackground Tarkett is one of the largest company whit manufacturing of floor whit operation in more than 100 countries and has about 12000 employees all over the world. Thanks to the establishment in Ronneby, the company has a strong footprint in Sweden and Northern Europé. The product line of the company is very wide and extending everything from wood, laminate, linoleum, textile, sports and vinyl flooring, as well as wall covering for wet rooms. Problem description Today, Tarkett has three emptyingstations with associated telphers for big bags filled with raw material. These bags are emptied to used as raw material in manufacture of accents in the covering. The accents are used to create pattern in the covering which are diffrent depending on the design that is running. A big bag has calculated to weigh about 800 kg and empties rarely before it is time to shift materials because of changing products. This happens because of the raw materials in the station are not allowed to be mixed up. In the absence of emtying stations and time saving, it ́s not unusual to change half-filled bags and sort the left over materials as energy recovery/landfill, wich cost the company money. Based on earlier saving analyzes, Tarkett is calculated to save about 600 K SEK per annum if they istall two more emptying stations. Goal The goal of this thesis is to provide a proposal of a construction whit two new emptying stations and associated hoists, containing both strength analysis with construction drawing and cost analysis for manufacturing and installation. Conclusion For the new construction to work according to the requirements of today ́s standards, two more IPE-270 beams are required on either side of the three beam of telphers. The welding joint ́s ability to change shape are highly dependent on the hardness and brittleness of the overpass zone. This has to be regarded as a possible source of error because it ́s shifting depending on the human factor when applying welding joints. Based on the text above, the conclusion as been made is that the construction will be welded in a way that all joints provide a average a-measure of 3 mm, even if the theoretical value of the a-measure are 2 mm. The total cost of the reconstruction has been calculated against approximately 380 KSEK, which means that the investment will provide an earning first after 8 months.
Hedlund, Per, and Anton Jakobsson. "En parametrisk undersökning om hur spännvidd och val av stomsystem påverkar materialkostnaderna för stallbyggnader." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21953.
Full textThe Swedish agriculture is developing towards fewer and larger farms. The growing business for the farmers results in an increased number of animals in livestock. This provides a greater need for agricultural buildings with open spaces and long spans. Länsstyrelsen has noted large variations in total construction costs for agricultural buildings in the country. Along with Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg developed an idea to explore how material costs are affected by various spans and different frame systems. The objective is that the study will result in a decision-making basis for new construction and reconstruction of agricultural buildings. Previous research and theories were examined and a number of site visits were made to increase knowledge in the field and determine which spans and frame system to be investigated. Parametric studies of four different scenarios of the agricultural buildings were made. Two cases in the study were constructed of glulam and two of steel. The parametric study is to report relationship between agricultural building spans and costs as well as which building system that is most economically advantageous. The cost of the survey includes only material costs. The result shows that the cost increases linearly with the increasing span. The material costs of the four tested scenarios are relatively equal, but the tapered steel frame has the lowest material cost for all tested spans.
Marcus, Micheal, and Kuang Zhao. "En studie av höghusbyggande med avseende på stomsystem och lastpåverkan." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149557.
Full textWe have in this thesis decided to examine the possibilities and the possible hazards of high-rise buildings in Stockholm. We compared the different structural systems to determine how the systems handle the vertical and transversal loads and which system is to recommend to a certain height. The vertical and transversal loads are the main factors that make high-rise buildings harder to dimension than normal buildings. The higher the building is the more vertical and transversal loads that needs to be accounted in the dimensioning of the structural systems. This needs to be done accurately to secure the safety of the building. The sway and stability problems that occurs from the transversal loads need to be taking into account when designing the structural system. By reading literature and conducting interviews about the subject we can come to the conclusion that the reason why Sweden is behind with recent high-rise development is because of political reasons rather than lack of knowledge. We in Sweden have the experience to successfully build high-rise buildings up to 100-150m.
Albaldawi, Hisham, and Diana Kobbah. "Dimensionering av Traverskranbana." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44910.
Full textCrane Loads acts on runways which varies with time and cannot be treated as static loads, this allows that the static estimation is not secure enough, therefore the crane runways should be designed in such terms that it can handle static as well as dynamic crane loads. The work was chosen after feasibility studies which were made on the internet to get basic knowledge on the subject. The information was sought in Swedish, English and German in order to find relevant and reliable sources which deal with overhead crane runway according to Eurocode. Thanks to advice from Björn Åsted from the Steel Construction Institute (SBI), a book in German was found. In order to compare the results, a Swedish software CraneGirder EC3 was used during the project. The report contains a calculation method for a rolled section girder, calculations were based on Eurocode equations and regulations which were the design basis for the project. The report refer to how a crane runway must be designed with a high utilization level, a number of controls were made to ensure that the beam and its details, such as rail and welding are surely designed to fatigue and deformation. The design was based on load calculations for the overhead crane. Traditional calculations showed how different crane loads can be combined in load groups to achieve the highest impact on the beam, calculations showed that HEB 280 and dimensioning dominated only by load group 1 and 5. With the help of calculation software the results were largely consistent with the program but with some differences. For the delimitation that was assumed in the project the fatigue seemed to have an effect especially on some small details like weld.
Gharib, Bassam, and Sivan Botani. "Utmattning av skruvförband för bullerskärm utmed Mälarbanan." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232697.
Full textThis thesis project is about railroad noise barriers along the Mälarbanan. The current construction design has been found to have fatigue problems related to the threaded rods connecting the noise screen to the ground structure. This results in the barrier not sustaining the intended life expectancy. The aim of this thesis project has been to improve the current construction design by suggesting solutions enabling the construction to withstand the dynamic loads. The goal of this project has been achieved through reviews of the current construction, previous consulting reports and by taking in consideration the European standards for steel constructions along with Trafikverkets rules and regulations. This has resulted in two solution proposals, for current and future constructions, without the need for major design changes.
Skoglund, Oskar, and Daniel Samvin. "Design of slender steel members : A comparison between the reduced stress method and the effective width method." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189029.
Full textI Sverige behandlas problemet med lokal buckling av stålkonstruktioner vanligtvis med hjälpav den effektiva bredd metoden, vilket är en dimensionergsmetod som återfinns i Eurocode.En ytterligare dimensionerings metod för lokal buckling som presenteras i Eurocode är denreducerade spänningsmetoden. Den senare nämnda metoden är fördelaktig då den kombinerasmed linjära finita element analyser, vilket resulterar i en mindre tidskrävandedimensioneringsprocess. Dock är metoden känd för att ofta resultera i överdimensioneradekonstruktioner, vilket bidragit till att mindre antal konstruktörer använder sig av denna metod.Syftet med denna rapport blir därmed att jämföra och utvärdera den reduceradespänningsmetoden gentemot den effektiva bredd metoden och olinjär finita element metoden.De olinjära finita element analyserna genomfördes med syfte att simulera det verkligabeteendet och för att sedan jämföra dessa resultat med de två andra metoderna. Analyser harutförts på flera stålbalkar med olika lastkombinationer och slankhet för att inkludera devanligaste fallen inom byggindustrin. Dessutom har det tagits fram några rekommendationerför användningen av metoderna och dessa är presenterade med avseende på de erhållnaresultaten. Rekommendationer för den reducerade spänningsmetoden har presenterats ochytterligare studier gällande dessa metoder och andra konstruktionselement har föreslagits. Deslutsatser som kunde dras är att den reducerade spänningsmetoden kan användas förkonstruktioner som inte påverkas i allt för stor grad av intryckning. För att ge tillförliterligaresultat så rekommenderas att kritiska spänningar erhålles från linjära finita element analyser.