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Journal articles on the topic 'Stamens inserted'
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1
Decraene, L. P. Ronse, and E. F. Smets. "An updated interpretation of the androecium of the Fumariaceae." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-219.
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A study of the floral development of Dicentra formosa, Corydalis lutea, and Hypecoum procumbens was carried out to better understand the nature of the androecium in Fumariaceae. Sepals emerge successively in a median position and are followed by two alternating pairs of petals. Four stamen primordia are formed in a diagonal position. They are promptly followed by two lateral, slightly externally inserted primordia. In Dicentra and Corydalis the stamens arise on two crescent-shaped protuberances. In Hypecoum, four diagonal androecial primordia fuse into two median staminal complexes. The gynoecium emerges as a girdling primordium with four growth centers. Different interpretations of the androecium are discussed. It is demonstrated that the androecium in the Fumariaceae consists basically of two whorls: an outer whorl of four alternipetalous stamens and an inner whorl of two lateral stamens superposed to the outer petals. The monothecal nature of the alternipetalous stamens and the fusion of the stamens in two triplets is probably caused by a spatial median compression of the flower bud. The androecium of Hypecoum is the result of interprimordial growth between the pairs of monothecal stamens, and the androecium of Pteridophyllum arises through the loss of the two lateral stamens superposed to the outer petals. Key words: Fumariaceae, floral development, androecium, stamen whorls.
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Boubes, Chafika, and Denis Barabé. "Développement de l'inflorescence et des fleurs du Philodendron acutatum Schott (Araceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-113.
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The inflorescence of Philodendron acutatum possesses female flowers in the inferior part and male flowers in the distal part. The male flowers possess from three to six stamens, rarely seven to nine. The female flowers possess a multilocular ovary comprising from 8 to 12 locules. Each locule corresponds to a closed carpel. The stylar canals remain separate up to the upper part of the gynoecium. In this inflorescence, one observes an intermediary zone comprising bisexual flowers with fused or free carpels and stamens, inserted in the same whorl. Generally, the portion of the bisexual flower facing the male zone is formed by stamens, and that facing the female zone is formed by an incomplete gynoecium comprising few carpels. The separation between the two parts of a bisexual flower is generally clear; however, in rare cases, a stamen appears between two carpels, or a carpel between two stamens. Nevertheless, in all cases, the different flower parts are inserted on the same whorl. The presence of bisexual flowers corresponds probably to a morphogenetic gradient at the level of the overall inflorescence. The genes controlling the expression of flower sex are probably governed by chemical processes that act at the level of the overall inflorescence. Keywords: morphogenesis, gradient, flower, development, inflorescence.
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VISLOBOKOV, NIKOLAY A., ANDREY N. KUZNETSOV, SVETLANA P. KUZNETSOVA, MIKHAIL S. ROMANOV, and MAXIM S. NURALIEV. "Aspidistra minor (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), a tiny new species from Vietnam." Phytotaxa 402, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.1.9.
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Aspidistra minor is described and illustrated as a new species from southern Vietnam (Gia Lai province, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve). The new species possesses very small ovate to elliptic leaf blades and very small flowers with stamens inserted at the base of the perigone. In flower structure, the new species resembles A. leucographa and A. elatior but strongly differs in shape of leaf blades and position of stamens.
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Pringle, James S. "Gentianella montesinosii (Gentianaceae, Gentianeae, Swertiinae), a New Species from Peru." Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 27, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2019357.
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The new species Gentianella montesinosii J. S. Pringle is described from Huánuco Department, Peru. It resembles G. pyrostelium J. S. Pringle, from which it differs in its much greater plant size, less deeply lobed corollas, and stamens inserted lower on the corolla tube.
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WEI, NENG, DANIEL ODHIAMBO MIYAWA, MELLY KIMUTAI DAVID, VERONICAH MUTELE NGUMBAU, ZHI-XIANG ZHONG, GEOFFREY MWACHALA, GUANG-WAN HU, and QING-FENG WANG. "Zehneria longiflora (Cucurbitaceae), a new species from Kenya." Phytotaxa 324, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.1.7.
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Zehneria longiflora, a new species of Cucurbitaceae from Nandi County, Kenya, is described and illustrated here. It is most similar to Z. oligosperma, but differs mainly by its longer receptacle-tube, stamens that are inserted at the middle of the receptacle-tube and with longer filaments, as well as characters of the male and female inflorescence.
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Basinger, J. F., D. R. Greenwood, P. G. Wilson, and D. C. Christophel. "Fossil flowers and fruits of capsular Myrtaceae from the Eocene of South Australia." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 2 (January 2007): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-001.
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Flowers and fruits of the Myrtaceae are described from the Middle Eocene Golden Grove locality of South Australia, and the taxon is here named Tristaniandra alleyi gen. et sp.nov. Flowers are pentamerous and perigynous, with sepals, petals, and stamens inserted on the rim of a hypanthium. Filaments are basally fused to form antepetalous stamen bundles, each consisting of about 6–8 stamens. The tricarpellate ovary becomes exserted on maturation, forming a partly exserted, dry fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. These features are typical of capsular-fruited members of the Myrtaceae; in particular, taxa in the tribe Kanieae. While the characteristics of the fossils are not found within any one extant genus, the fossils show some similarity to living species of Tristaniopsis , although the staminal bundles are more comparable to those found in Tristania , which is only distantly related and has a rather different fruit. Capsular-fruited Myrtaceae are now primarily confined to Australasia, and appear to have had a Gondwanic origin in the latest Cretaceous to Paleogene. Nevertheless, as fossil flowers and fruits are rare, and infrafamilial identification of pollen and leaves is difficult, the Paleogene record of capsular Myrtaceae is largely equivocal. The Golden Grove fossils establish a record of the tribe Kanieae within Eocene coastal rainforest vegetation at paleolatitude 55°–58°S during a time of global warmth.
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DENG, CHUANG-FA, LEI WU, XUN-LIN YU, YONG-FU XU, and JIA-XIANG LI. "Aspidistra yuelushanensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Hunan, China." Phytotaxa 482, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.482.2.6.
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Aspidistra yuelushanensis, a new species of Asparagaceae is described and illustrated from typical hilly red soil region in Hunan Province, central southern China. This novelty is similar to A. chishuiensis by sharing purplish-red and campanulate perianth, but differs from the latter by its stamens inserted at the base (vs. inserted at the middle) of perianth tube, filaments spreading horizontally or slightly upward and enlarged (vs. sessile), perianth lobes slightly outcurved (vs. slightly incurved). It also resembles A. tenuifolia and A. pingfaensis, but differs from the latter two in its leave blade elliptic-lanceolate (vs. narrowly long to ribbon-shaped and linear, respectively), stigma 5 (vs. 7–8 and 8–9, respectively) mm in diameter. A key to the species of Aspidistra in Hunan province is provided.
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GARG, ARTI, RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH, and BHUPENDRA SINGH KHOLIA. "Pedicularis raghvendrae (Orobanchaceae), a new species from Sikkim Himalaya, India." Phytotaxa 452, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.452.1.12.
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Pedicularis raghvendrae, is described as a new species from the Sikkim Himalaya, India. The new species belongs to Pedicularis series Furfurae and is closely related to P. pantlingii, but differs by its shorter size, smaller leaves, smaller, villous, 4-toothed calyx, shorter calyx teeth, corolla white with light pinkish tinge, galea deflexed opposite to the midlobe of labium, midlobe of labium broadly elliptic-ovate, apex acute-obtuse, base distinctly stipitate, stamens inserted at base of corolla tube and filaments longer, all glabrous.
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Xin, Guiliang, Xilu Ni, and Wenzhe Liu. "Anatomy and development of gynoecium in Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. and its implications for the origin of carpels." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49031.
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Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. (Tapisciaceae) is a rare tree endemic in China. Characteristic of its androdioecy is the coexistence of male and hermaphroditic flowers. Its bisexual flower bears five stamens surrounding the gynoecium, which is composed of a terminal style and an ovary at the base. The style has a bifid stigmata, which is hollow and longer than stamens. The ovary is syncarpous, unilocular, formed by two fused carpels, with a basal or subbasal placenta. Ovule is bitegmic, anatropous, borne on the placenta and supplied by an amphicribral vascular bundle arising directly from receptacle. The carpel wall is supplied by a collateral vascular bundle. The ovule’s position changes from initially inserted on the ovary base to later attached to the middle of the ovary wall due to unequal growth of the embryo sac. Based on the present observation and others, the implications of vascular system in Tapiscia for the evolution of carpel are discussed.
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PAN, BO, YING QIN, and CHUN-RUI LIN. "Aspidistra luochengensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China." Phytotaxa 387, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.387.2.10.
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Aspidistra louchengensis (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated from limestone areas in northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is similar to A. obconica C.R.Lin & Yan Liu with the perianth obconical campanulate, stamens inserted at upper third of perianth tube, but it can be clearly distinguished by leaf blade narrower and longer, perigone lobes longer (6–8 mm), adaxial densely papillose and scabrous, apex acuminate and outcurved, and stigma upper surface slightly concave. This new species is only known from Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County in Guangxi, China.
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Manchester, Steven R., Lina B. Golovneva, Dmitry D. Sokoloff, and Else Marie Friis. "Early eudicot reproductive structure: Fruit and flower morphology of Ranunculaecarpus Samyl. from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Siberia." Acta Palaeobotanica 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0017.
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AbstractFloral and fruit morphology of the early eudicot Ranunculaecarpus quinquecarpellatus Samyl. is described based on details from sectioning and microscopy of the permineralized type material from the Albian Buor-Kemyus Formation of the Zyryanka coal basin. Serial sections confirmed most of the originally described characters but revealed additional information, including hypogynous perianth and several stamens with in situ pollen. Each fruit consists of five free follicles inserted on a short receptacle. Follicles are elongate, with a dorsal keel, ventral suture and an attenuate apex, and are thin-walled, with two rows of small seeds in marginal placentation. The seeds are anatropous, ovoid, 1.3–1.7 in length, with an exotesta of cells that are rounded-hexagonal in surface view. The hypogynous perianth is composed of several free tepals. The stamens are short, with tetrasporangiate, dithecal anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen in situ is 18–20 mm long, 13–15 mm in equatorial diameter, with uncertain aperture configuration and a loose reticulum supported by narrow, widely spaced columellae. The combination of macromorphological characters support possible affinity to extant Ranunculaceae. However, Ranunculaecarpus is distinguished from modern members of the family by the persistence of the perianth in fruit, a smaller number of stamens (ca 10) than is typical, and pollen that is unlike that of any extant genera. Given that there are also similarities with Saxifragales, the systematic affinities of Ranunculaecarpus remain uncertain.
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PAGE, NAVENDU V., MANSA SRIVASTAV, and RAMACHANDRA G. RAO. "A new species of Reissantia (Celastraceae) from coastal Karnataka, India." Phytotaxa 297, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.297.2.9.
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Reissantia N. Hallé (1958: 466) is a small but widespread genus distributed in the Old World tropics of Africa and Indo-Malaya (Ramamurthy and Naithani, 2000). Members of Reissantia are climbing, scandent or erect shrubs with decussate leaves. They are characterised by small flowers borne in dichotomous cymes or panicles with accessory branches, small calyx and corolla with imbricate aestivation, inconspicuous disc that is mostly fused with the ovary, 3 stamens inserted at the base of the carpel, 3-locular ovary and 3-fascicled capsular fruit with seeds that have a basal membranous wing.
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ISLAS-HERNÁNDEZ, C. SOFIA, LUCIO LOZADA-PÉREZ, and LEONARDO O. ALVARADO-CÁRDENAS. "A new species of Spigelia L. (Loganiaceae) from Mexico." Phytotaxa 303, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.303.2.2.
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A new Mexican species of Spigelia (Loganiaceae), distributed in the states of Guerrero and Michoacán, is here described. The new species can be distinguished from the similar-looking S. humboldtiana by its corolla with innerly purple lobes, inserted stamens above the proximal half of the corolla tube and exserted style. With this contribution, Mexico reaches a total of 20 species, of which 50% are endemic, highlighting this country as a center of diversity for this genus. A dichotomous key for the species recorded in the states of Guerrero and Michoacán is included.
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BORAH, DIPANKAR, NEELAM GAP, and RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH. "Pedicularis khoiyangii (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India." Phytotaxa 430, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.4.3.
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Pedicularis khoiyangii D.Borah & R.Kr.Singh, is described as a new species from the Eastern Himalaya, India. The new species belongs to Pedicularis series Rudes Prain and is closely related to P. prainiana Maximowicz, but differs by its larger size, longer inflorescence, distal bracts ovate, shorter pedicels, smaller calyx, densely silky villous nature, calyx teeth shorter with entire margins, equal, smaller corolla tube, shortly beaked galea, tip slightly emarginate, labium as long as galea, lobes unequal, stamens inserted at the base of corolla tube, style projecting out of the galea. This is the tallest species of Pedicularis recorded so far from India.
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PHAM, VAN THE, VAN CANH NGUYEN, LONG KE PHAN, THANH THI VIET TRAN, VAN KHUONG NGUYEN, MAXIM S. NURALIEV, and NIKOLAY A. VISLOBOKOV. "Aspidistra thuongiana (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae), a new species from the South Central Coast region of Vietnam." Phytotaxa 496, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.4.
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Aspidistra thuongiana is described and illustrated as a new species from the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. The new species has bright yellow flower and a slender pistil with a minute stigma. It is morphologically close to A. longipedunculata, but differs in shorter peduncle, bowl-shaped (vs. campanulate) perigone, shorter ovate (vs. oblong) erect to spreading (vs. recurved) perigone lobes and stamens inserted at the base (vs. middle) of perigone tube. Data on nuclear 5S-NTS region of the new species are provided, aimed to serve as a molecular characterization for comparison with its congeners.
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YOU, JIAN-RONG, JUAN RAN, CHENG LIU, YU-MIN SHUI, JIA-XIANG LI, and LEI WU. "Validation of the name Mitreola crystallina (Loganiaceae), a new species endemic to southwestern China." Phytotaxa 471, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.2.4.
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Mitreola crystallina was proposed in 2006, but not valid. Here, we validate the name by giving a complete description, diagnosis, and illustration as a new species of Loganiaceae. Morphologically, it is most similar to M. pedicellata, but can be distinguished by its stems erect (vs. creeping), corolla lobes blue (vs. white), and stamens inserted at or near base of the corolla tube (vs. middle to nearly mouth of corolla tube). It is endemic to the shady cliffs of limestone forests of Malipo County, southwest China. The conservation status was assessed as data deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. And a key to species of Mitreola in China is provided.
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Zhou, Shou-Biao, Xin Hong, Wen Ma, and Fang Wen. "Primulina lechangensis (Gesneriaceae), A new species from a limestone cave of northern Guangdong, China." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 21, no. 2 (December 29, 2014): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21359.
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Primulina lechangensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northern Guangdong province in southern China is described and illustrated. Its morphology suggests affinities to P. longicalyx, but can be distinguished from similar taxon by several distinct characters including: smaller leaf blade (2.0-3.5 × 1.0-1.2 cm), base cuneate-attenuate; smaller bracts (1.0-1.5 × c. 0.15 cm); shorter calyx lobes (0.8-0.9 cm long) tuberculate inside; smaller corolla tube (c. 2 cm long), inflated in the middle and contracted near the mouth; shorter glabrous filaments (0.3-0.4 cm long), inserted 1.3-1.5 cm from base of corolla; stamens and staminodes glabrous; pistil 1.4-1.5 cm long, and capsule c. 1.5 cm long. This species is further exemplified by photographs, and a distribution map is presented.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21359Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 21(2): 187-191, 2014 (December)
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Manchester, Steven R., David L. Dilcher, Walter S. Judd, Brandon Corder, and James F. Basinger. "Early Eudicot flower and fruit: Dakotanthus gen. nov. from the Cretaceous Dakota Formation of Kansas and Nebraska, USA." Acta Palaeobotanica 58, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2018-0006.
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AbstractAn extinct plant that populated the eastern margin of the Cretaceous Midcontinental Seaway of North America about 100 million years ago has attracted interest as one of the earliest known bisexual flowers in the fossil record. Reexamination of the type specimen of Carpites cordiformis Lesq., and corresponding specimens from sandstones and clays of the Dakota Formation of Kansas and Nebraska and the correlative Woodbine Sandstone of Texas, with both light microscopy and micro CT scanning, leads to a revised concept of the morphology and affinities of the “Rose Creek flower”. The moderately large flowers (22–30 mm diameter) have two perianth whorls: five basally fused sepals and five free spatulate petals. The gynoecium is pentacarpellate with five styles. A crescent-shaped nectariferous pad occurs at the base of the gynoecium aligned with each sepal. Ten stamens are inserted at the level of the nectaries, one whorl organized opposite the sepals and another opposite the petals. In situ pollen is oblate, brevitricolporate and finely verrucate. The fruits are loculicidal capsules with persistent calyx and disk. Comparing the full suite of observed characters with those of extant angiosperms indicates particularly close similarity to the monogeneric fabalean family Quillajaceae, with shared features of perianth number and morphology, nectary position and morphology, stamen number and morphology, and gynoecium merosity, although the fossil differs from extant Quillaja in fruit type (capsule vs basally syncarpous follicles) and especially in pollen morphology (10 μm oblate, microverrucate, vs 30–40 μm prolate, striate).
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MACEDO, ARTHUR, EDLLEY PESSOA, and MARCCUS ALVES. "A new species of Spigelia L. sect. Graciles (Loganiaceae) from northeastern Brazil." Phytotaxa 404, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.4.3.
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A new species of Spigelia subg. Spigelia sect. Graciles, S. alborubra, is described and illustrated. It is known from Campos Rupestres and Caatinga s.s. in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. It is similar to S. pulchella, based on its exserted stigma and red corolla tube, but S. alborubra differs by its shorter corolla, with a constriction at the apex of the tube, whitish corolla lobes which open only at the apex, and by its inserted stamens. Based on the habit and on the shape of the corolla, it is superficially similar to other species of Spigelia subg. Spigelia sect. Graciles, such as S. gracilis, S. linarioides, S. schlechtendaliana and S. spartioides. However, the new species is easily distinguished from them by its salverform corolla and exserted stigma. According to the IUCN criteria, it is classified as Endangered (EN) due to its narrow distribution.
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Caires, Claudenir Simões, Kadja Milena Gomes-Bezerra, and Carolyn Elinore Barnes Proença. "A new combination in Peristethium (Loranthaceae) expands the genus' range into the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone." Acta Amazonica 44, no. 2 (June 2014): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672014000200002.
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The genus Peristethium, characterized by determinate inflorescences protected by deciduous bracts, occurs in the northwest of South America, as well as Costa Rica and Panama. The main objective of this paper was to transfer one species to what we believe is its correct generic placement in Peristethium, that likewise implies in a shift of the genus' distribution beyond the Amazon. A new combination, Peristethium reticulatum, is proposed, based on Struthanthus reticulatus, described from Tocantins in 1980. The sexual dimorphism of the inflorescences of P. reticulatum (sessile male flowers and pedicellate female flowers) associated with male inflorescences that are inserted at leafless nodes are unique within the genus. The male flowers have dimorphic stamens, well-developed anthers and a pistiloid, whilst female flowers have robust styles and stigmas, and much reduced staminodes. Peristethium reticulatum and P. polystachyum occurs in the Amazon regions of Brazil, with the former recorded also in the ecotone with the Central Brazilian savannas (Cerrados).
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MENG, TAO, JIN-CAI YANG, WEN-XUI TANG, BO PAN, and CHUN-RUI LIN. "Aspidistra tenuifolia (Asparagaceae), a new species from China." Phytotaxa 161, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.161.4.4.
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In the course of investigating limestone plants in south-western Guangxi, China in 2011, we discovered an unusual Aspidistra Ker Gawler (1822: without pagination) in Jinxi Xian, Guangxi, the leaf blade usually narrowly long to ribbon-shaped, its flower was dark purple, emitting unique flavor, the stamens were inserted on the bottom of perigone tube, closely attached to the pistil base. The plant was brought to the Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin. In the following year it flowered regularly, making possible a detailed description based on living plant material. Consultation of herbarium material and careful comparison with all Aspidistra species hitherto known from Guangxi Prov. and adjacent North Vietnam (Wan & Huang 1987, Liang & Tamura 2000, Li 2004, Tillich 2005, 2008, Tillich et al. 2007, Liu et al. 2011, He et al. 2011, Lin et al. 2010, 2012, Lin & Liu 2011, Averyanov & Tillich 2012, Tillich & Averyanov 2012), made clear that the plant is an new species, which we describe below.
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Coppi, Andrea, Lorenzo Cecchi, Daniele Nocentini, and Federico Selvi. "Arnebia purpurea: a new member of formerly monotypic genus Huynhia (Boraginaceae-Lithospermeae)." Phytotaxa 204, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.3.
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The taxonomic position and affinities of the rare Turkish endemic Arnebia purpurea are analyzed using nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data and morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of a wide sample of old-world Lithospermeae consistently retrieved a clade with this species sister to Huynhia pulchra, the only member of the genus Huynhia. All other members of Arnebia s.l. (including Macrotomia) formed a separate clade subdivided in two lineages corresponding to the groups of the annual and the perennial species. Consequently, Arnebia does not appear monophyletic. Floral and palynological characters support the affinity of A. purpurea to Huynhia pulchra, in especially the stamens inserted at different heights in the corolla tube and the pollen grains with a single row of endoapertures along the equatorial belt. We therefore advocate the placement of A. purpurea in Huynhia and propose a new combination, implying that the latter is no longer a monotypic genus but includes two species with a sharply allopatric range in the Middle-East. Further studies with additional markers and a wider taxon sampling will help to elucidate relationships in Arnebia s.l..
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Arianmanesh, Reza, Iraj Mehregan, Mostafa Assadi, and Taher Nejadsattari. "Comparative Morphology of the Genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in Iran." International Letters of Natural Sciences 60 (November 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.60.1.
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TamarixL. with almost 54 species is the largest genus of the Tamaricaceae. This study was carried out on species ofTamarixthat growing in Iran. Morphological characters were obtained for 23 species recognized by recent taxonomic treatments from Iran. In this study we use 10 characters to identify species ofTamarixthat growing in Iran. For SEM studies, we used dry sampels of leaves and flowers. Some characters are useful for segregating certain species, such as gross leaf morphology (vaginate vs. sessile), number of floral parts, certain aspects of androecial disk morphology, petal shape, presence or absence of hairs on the raceme rachis, and whether the filament is inserted under or from the side of the androecial disk. In some species the number of sepals, petals and stamens are constant and reliable. One of the problems inTamarixis that in many species the number of certain floral organs is inconstant thus the number of floral parts alone can not serve as a diagnostic marker without being correlated with the relative position of the organs and their range of numerical variability.
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Barabé, Denis, Christian Lacroix, and Bernard Jeune. "Development of the inflorescence and flower of Philodendron fragrantissimum (Araceae): a qualitative and quantitative study." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-030.
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The early stages of inflorescence development in Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hook.) G. Don are examined using scanning electron microscopy. Pistillate flowers are initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence and staminate flowers are initiated on the distal portion. Male flowers have 6-8 stamens (sometimes 5) and female flowers have a multilocular ovary consisting of 6-10 locules. A transition zone consisting of sterile male flowers and bisexual flowers with fused or free carpels and staminodes is also present. This zone is located between the male- and female- flower zones. Generally, the portion of the bisexual flower adjacent to the male zone forms staminodes and the portion bordering the female zone develops an incomplete gynoecium with few carpels. The different floral organs of the bisexual flowers are all inserted in the same whorl. Pistillate and staminate flowers are inserted on the same contact parastichies along the inflorescence; there is no spatial discontinuity between the female zone, the bisexual zone, and the male zone. The presence of bisexual flowers is believed to correspond to a morphogenetic gradient at the level of the inflorescence as a whole. A quantitative analysis of a series of parameters (i.e., length and width of flower types and inflorescence zones) indicates that each zone of the inflorescence has its own particular nature as far as rhythm of growth and geometry are concerned. There appears to be evidence for some form of partitioning in the global development of the inflorescence. The growth of a zone seems to be more variable in size and geometry than that of individual flowers. During later stages of development, the size of the flowers of the intermediate zone, especially the sterile male flowers, increases considerably, until it exceeds that of both male and female flowers.Key words: homeosis, morphogenesis, gradient, allometry, reproduction.
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Wetzstein, Hazel Y., Nadav Ravid, Erik Wilkins, and Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli. "A Morphological and Histological Characterization of Bisexual and Male Flower Types in Pomegranate." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 136, no. 2 (March 2011): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.136.2.83.
Full textAbstract:
Pomegranate [Punica granatum (Punicaceae)] is characterized by having two types of flowers on the same tree: hermaphroditic bisexual flowers and functionally male flowers. This condition, defined as functional andromonoecy, can result in decreased yields resulting from the inability of male flowers to set fruit. Morphological and histological analyses of bisexual and male flowers were conducted using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the different flower types observed in pomegranate plants and to better understand their developmental differences. Bisexual flowers had a discoid stigma covered with copious exudate, elongated stigmatic papillae, a single elongate style, and numerous stamens inserted on the inner wall of the calyx tube. Using fluorescence staining, high numbers of pollen tubes were observed growing through a central stylar canal. Ovules were numerous, elliptical, and anatropous. In contrast, male flowers had reduced female parts and exhibited shortened pistils of variable heights. Stigmatic papillae of male flowers had little exudate yet supported pollen germination. However, pollen tubes were rarely observed in styles. Ovules in male flowers were rudimentary and exhibited various stages of degeneration. Pollen from both types of flowers was of similar size, ≈20 μm, and exhibited similar percent germination using in vitro germination assays. Pollen germination was strongly influenced by temperature. Maximal germination (greater than 74%) was obtained at 25 and 35 °C; pollen germination was significantly lower at 15 °C (58%) and 5 °C (10%).
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Swenson, Ulf, Johan A. A. Nylander, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Phylogeny, species delimitation and revision of Pleioluma (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia, a frequently gynodioecious genus." Australian Systematic Botany 31, no. 2 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb17040.
Full textAbstract:
Pleioluma (Baill.) Baehni (Sapotaceae) circumscribes some 40 medium-sized trees and shrubs, many gynodioecious, in Australia, Malesia and New Caledonia. Systematics of the group is unclear and delimitations of species are notoriously difficult. We explore species boundaries in New Caledonia by multiple accessions of ‘species’, molecules and morphology in a Bayesian framework. The molecular phylogenetic signal is weak, but morphology provides enough information to support groups, species and recognition of one cryptic species. Pleioluma is then revised for New Caledonia, a genus distinguished by areolate higher leaf venation, sepals being pubescent on both surfaces, stamens inserted in or below the middle of the corolla tube, presence of staminodes, foliaceous cotyledons and endosperm. Seventeen endemic species are recognised with descriptions, recognition notes, distributions, etymologies and conservation assessments. Six species are described as new, of which four are assigned IUCN preliminary status as Critically Endangered and in urgent need of protection (Pleioluma acutifolia Swenson & Munzinger, P. belepensis Swenson & Munzinger, P. butinii Swenson & Munzinger and P. tchingouensis Swenson & Munzinger). The new species, P. dioica Swenson & Munzinger and P. tenuipedicellata Swenson & Munzinger are respectively assessed as Data Deficient and Vulnerable. The micro-endemic species P. vieillardii (Baill.) Swenson & Munzinger, confined to the Koniambo massif, is also critically endangered and needs urgent conservation management.
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DELPRETE, PIERO G. "Sipaneopsis (Sipaneeae, Ixoroideae): A unique flowering process in the family Rubiaceae and its taxonomic significance." Phytotaxa 302, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
The process of anthesis of Sipaneopsis is unique within the Rubiaceae, and is here described and illustrated in detail for the first time. During the initial stage of anthesis the flowers are small, with the corolla lobes already open and erect before tube elongation, and the corolla lobe basal appendages are appressed against each other, forming a convex structure at the corolla mouth obstructing the entrance of visitors and pollinators. At the final stage of anthesis, the corolla lobes reflex and become perpendicular to the tube, and their basal appendages become erect, not touching each other, allowing visitors and pollinators to access the corolla tube and the nectar disk. Neobertiera and Sipaneopsis are unique within the tribe Sipaneeae in having indehiscent dry fruits and recent molecular phylogenies positioned them as sister taxa. Sipaneopsis is distinguished from Neobertiera in having flowers consistently homostylous (vs. distylous or rarely tristylous in Neobertiera), stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube (vs. at variable positions), and five triangular appendages at the base of each corolla lobe (vs. corolla lobes thickened at base, without appendages). The differences in flower morphology and process of anthesis between the two genera (which most likely influence their different pollination syndromes) provide an important set of significant taxonomic and diagnostic characters that can be used to distinguish them.
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Bossinger, G., and D. R. Smyth. "Initiation patterns of flower and floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Development 122, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1093.
Full textAbstract:
Sector boundary analysis has been used to deduce the number and orientation of cells initiating flower and floral organ development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sectors were produced in transgenic plants carrying the Ac transposon from maize inserted between the constitutive 35S promoter and the GUS reporter gene. Excision of the transposon results in a blue-staining sector. Plants were chosen in which an early arising sector passed from vegetative regions into the inflorescence and through a mature flower. The range of sector boundary positions seen in mature flowers indicated that flower primordia usually arise from a group of four cells on the inflorescence flank. The radial axes of the mature flower are apparently set by these cells, supporting the concept that they act as a structural template. Floral organs show two patterns of initiation, a leaf-like pattern with eight cells in a row (sepals and carpels), or a shoot-like pattern with four cells in a block (stamens). The petal initiation pattern involved too few cells to allow assignment. The numbers of initiating cells were close to those seen when organ growth commenced in each case, indicating that earlier specification of floral organ development does not occur. By examining sector boundaries in homeotic mutant flowers in which second whorl organs develop as sepal-like organs rather than petals, we have shown that their pattern of origin is position dependent rather than identity dependent.
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Gerrath, Jean M., and Usher Posluszny. "Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae. IV. Floral development in Parthenocissus inserta." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-180.
Full textAbstract:
The floral ontogeny of Parthenocissus inserta, based on histological and three-dimensional observations, is presented. The inflorescence primordium arises in a leaf-opposed position at two of three nodes. It becomes subtended by a bract, and then bifurcates equally to form a lateral and a main arm. Inflorescence branches are initiated on both arms to form a series of dichasia. The transition from inflorescence branch primordium to floral primordium is marked by the initiation of three sepal primordia. Subsequently a ring primordium forms as the fourth and fifth sepal primordia are initiated, resulting in a calyx which encircles the floral apex. Petals and stamens arise simultaneously as five common petal–stamen primordia, alternating with the sepals. They bifurcate to form separate petal and stamen primordia. The petals are greenish, valvate, hooded, and are separate at maturity. The tetrasporangiate anthers are introrse and pollen is tricolporate. The gynoecium arises as a ring primordium. Two septa arise from the inner gynoecial wall and the floral apex, and will eventually form an essentially two-loculed superior ovary. Two ovules are initiated from the base of each septum. Each of the four ovules is anatropous and bitegmic at maturity. A disc arises from the base of the gynoecium. It appears as five pinkish protuberances of the ovary base at maturity and secretes a nectarlike substance. The fruit is a one- to four-seeded blue-black berry.
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Teimoury, M., H. Karimmojeni, M. H. Ehtemam, and H. R. Mehri. "First Report of Orobanche aegyptiaca Parasitism on Sesame in Iran." Plant Disease 96, no. 8 (August 2012): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-12-0068-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
A field survey revealed infestations of broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca (syn. Phelipanche aegyptiaca), on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants in the province of Khorasan (36°12'N, 57°39'E, 972 m above sea level) in northeastern Iran in November 2011. About 5% of total sesame fields in this area were infested, and the estimated average yield losses were approximately 30 to 40%. The annual mean air temperature and the average maximum and minimum air temperatures were 17.5, 24.2, and 10.6°C, respectively. In a pot experiment that was also conducted at the Isfahan University of Technology to study the effect of sesame as a trap crop for managing broomrape, a total of 20 genotypes of sesame were infested with broomrape. The infestation of sesame was confirmed by verifying the attachment of the broomrape to the sesame roots. Broomrape plant heights were between 20 and 35 cm, with flowering stems 15 to 20 cm. The stems were erect, usually branched, slender, glandular-pubescent, pale yellowish, and inflorescent rather than lax. Flowers had one bract and two bracteoles. The bracts measured 6 to 8 mm, had ovate lanceolates shorter than the calyces, and filiform, lanceolate bracteoles measuring 8 mm. The calyces measured 10 to 11 mm, and were gamosepalous, entire, whitish, hairy, and glandular. Corollas measured 32 to 35 mm, and were blue violet or sky blue with darker veins and cream proximally, straight or slightly curved, conspicuously infundibuliform in distal parts, and glandular-pubescent with two lips. Stamens were epipetalous, inserted 4 to 5 mm above the corolla base, with filaments hairy below, sparsely so above; anthers were villous or spidery hairy along sutures. Stigma lobes were white. The Botanists Group of the College of Agriculture of IUT confirmed the plants' identity. Sesame has been mentioned before as a trap crop for broomrape (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of broomrape parasitism on sesame in Iran. Reference: (1) B. M. Chittapur et al. Allelopathy J. 8:147, 2001.
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Yousefi, A. R., K. Jamshidi, M. Oveisi, H. Karimojeni, and M. Pouryosef. "First Report of Orobanche purpurea on Achillea wilhelmsii in Iran." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0750-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is a wild herb widely disturbed in Iran and known locally as yarrow. This plant is an important medicinal plant and it has been used for its analgesic, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, and antibacterial effects in Iranian folk medicine. Field surveys revealed infestations of yarrow broomrape, Orobanche purpurea Jacq., on A. wilhelmsii plants in two locations in province of Zanjan (Zanjan, 36°37′19.85″ N, 48°27′16.87″ E, 1,707.4 m elevation, and Qolabar, 36°19′19.85″ N, 48°19′16.41″ E, 1,663.9 m elevation) in northwestern Iran in May 2012. The annual mean air temperature and the average maximum and minimum air temperatures were 11, 18, and 4°C, respectively. The annual mean precipitation was 298 mm. The infestation of A. wilhelmsii was confirmed by verifying the attachment of the yarrow broomrape to the A. wilhelmsii roots. Broomrape plant heights were between 24 and 37 cm. The stems were erect, unbranched, slender, and swollen near the base at contact with host, 0.5 to 10 mm diameter. The leaves were reduced to scale or bracts up to 10 to 15 mm long. The flowers were in dense terminal spikes, usually restricted to the top third or half of the shoot. There was one bract and two bracteoles surrounding each flower. The bracts measured 7 to 10 mm, had ovate lanceolates shorter than the calyces, and lanceolate bracteoles were 5 to 10 mm. The calyces were gamosepalous, entire, and whitish. Corollas were 13 to 18 mm long, and were dull bluish-purple with dark veins, suffused with whitish-yellow at the base. The upper part was slightly curved forwards. Stamens were epipetalous, inserted 4 to 7 mm above the corolla base, with filaments glabrous. The anthers were glabrous along sutures. Stigma lobes were white. Fruit was an oval capsule, 0.9 to 10 mm. Botanists at the College of Agriculture of Zanjan University confirmed the identity of O. purpurea. A. millefolium has been reported as a host plant for yarrow broomrape (1,2). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of yarrow broomrape on A. wilhelmsii in Iran. Since production and farming of A. wilhelmsii as a medicinal plant has recently started on a commercial scale in Iran, the parasite weed could pose a serious threat to production of this plant. References: (1) B. Prajs. Biodiv. Res. Conserve. 17:33, 2010. (2) J. Rumsey and S. L. Jury. Watsonia. 18:257, 1991.
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Yousefi, A. R., and F. Soheily. "First Report of Orobanche aegyptiaca on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in Iran." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0406-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
The kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is an important ornamental species belonging to Crassulaceae. This plant is grown in commercial greenhouses. A survey revealed infections of broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. (syn. Phelipanche aegyptiaca Walp.), on kalanchoe plants in the province of Tehran (Pakdasht, 35°26′ N, 51°40′ E, 1,003 m elevation) in northern Iran in January 2014. About 1% of total Kalanchoe pots in a greenhouse were infected. The infection of kalanchoe was confirmed by verifying the attachment of the broomrape to the kalanchoe roots. Broomrape plant heights (from the soil surface) were between 13 and 28 cm, with flowering stems 5 to 14 cm. The stems were erect, unbranched, slender, 2 to 4 mm diameter, glandular-pubescent, pale yellowish, and inflorescent rather than lax. The leaves were reduced to bracts up to 3 to 6 mm long. There was one bract and two bracteoles surrounding each flower. The bracts measured 4 to 5 mm, had ovate lanceolates shorter than the calyces, and filiform, lanceolate bracteoles measured 5 mm. The calyces measured 4 to 6 mm, and were gamosepalous, hairy, and glandular. Corollas measured 22 to 28 mm, and were medium slate blue with darker veins, slightly curved, conspicuously infundibuliform, and glandular-pubescent. Stamens were epipetalous, inserted 5 mm above the corolla base, filaments (10 to 12 mm) hairy below, anthers were villous. Style (18 to 21 mm) and stigma lobes were light steel blue. Ovary measured 5 to 7 mm. O. aegyptiaca is the most important species of the broomrape, which parasitizes important crops, such as tomato, potato, tobacco, carrot, celery, mustard, and spinach, as well as some ornamental plants, such as chrysanthemum (1,2). In this survey, low infection did not lead to visible symptoms or damage to kalanchoe, but allowed seed production by the parasite. However, the parasite weed could pose a serious threat to production of this important ornamental plant at high infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. aegyptiaca parasitism on kalanchoe in Iran. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this finding reports the first occurrence of a Crassulaceae plants as a host for O. aegyptiaca. References: (1) I. Ghannam et al. Am. J. Plant Sci. 3:346, 2012. (2) J. Rumsey and S. L. Jury. Watsonia 18:257, 1991.
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MINEYUKI, Y., and B. E. S. GUNNING. "A role for preprophase bands of microtubules in maturation of new cell walls, and a general proposal on the function of preprophase band sites in cell division in higher plants." Journal of Cell Science 97, no. 3 (November 1, 1990): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.97.3.527.
Full textAbstract:
Time-lapse video microscopy of dividing Tradescantia stamen hair cells that are undergoing cytokinesis has revealed that the maturation of the new cell wall is aided by factors at the site where the preprophase band of microtubules forms before mitosis. The wall changes from being fluid and wrinkled before it is inserted into the parental wall at the end of cytokinesis, to being stiff and flat by about 20 min after the time of attachment. This change occurs only if the new wall is inserted at the site formerly occupied by the preprophase band. The cell plate does not flatten when it is caused to insert elsewhere by drug treatments or by centrifugal displacement. If insertion at the correct site is delayed locally by centrifugation against the direction of expansion of the cell plate, then flattening is delayed at the same locality. In combination with a number of points from the literature of plant cell division, some of them very long-standing, our observations lead to a general proposal regarding the nature of the preprophase band site, its mode of action and timing of its operations, and how its role in spatial regulation of histogenesis is achieved.
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SOTOODEH, Arash, Laure Civeyrel, and Farideh Attar. "Verbascum shahsavarensis (Scrophulariaceae), a new species for Flora of Iran." Phytotaxa 203, no. 1 (March 19, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
A new endemic species, Verbascum shahsavarensis, is described from north of Iran. Based on two unique characters of this species, these being two anterior longitudinally obliquely inserted anthers and an ebracteolate pedicel, we compared it to species described by Murbeck in 1933. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other Iranian species by having bi-colored hairs on the stamen filaments and the unique anther and pedicel characters. A distribution map is provided. The name of new species comes from Shahsavar, the ancient name of Tonekabon, an old coastal city on the Caspian Sea.
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Lin, Chun-rui, Xin-Yi Huang, Bo Pan, Wei-Bin Xu, and Yan Liu. "Two new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) from Guangxi, China: A. chunxiuensis and A. longshengensis." Phytotaxa 208, no. 2 (May 19, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.208.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
Two new species, Aspidistra chunxiuensis and A. longshengensis, discovered in Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region of southern China, are described and illustrated. The first taxon is similar to A. grandiflora in the shape of the flower, but differs by leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, base suborbicular; the perigone lobes shorter, 30–35 mm long; stigma upper surface flat, white, with 6 radial, purplish red, 4-fork-tipped lines from center to margin. The second taxon has close relations to A. pingtangensis in the shape of flower, but mainly differs by the perigone purplish red, lobes larger, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, adaxially shallowly verruculose from lobes to the upper part of the tube, stamen inserted at the middle of the tube.
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Drinnan, AN, and PY Ladiges. "Floral development and systematic position of Eucalyptus curtisii (Myrtaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 3 (1991): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910539.
Full textAbstract:
The corolla of E. curtisii Blakely & White clearly consists of free, imbricate parts that closely adhere by their cuticles. Ontogenetic investigation of the corolline parts did not reveal any suggestion of morphological duality that characteristically leads to the complex 'petals' in Angophora and other eucalypts. The stamen primordia are initiated on the inner flank of the invaginated floral apex, and at anthesis are inserted on the rim of the hypanthium. There is no evidence of a stemonophore distinctive of the informal subgenera Eudesmia, Symphyomyrtus and Monocalyptus. The possession of the plesiomorphic condition for both these characters is suggestive of a 'primitive' position for E. curtisii close to the root of the eucalypt phylogenetic tree. This is supported by the possession of several other characters that are apparently plesiomorphic for Eucalyptus sens. lat.
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Coladonato, Alan Jioele, Marco Mangiacotti, Stefano Scali, Marco A. L. Zuffi, Carlotta Pasquariello, Cristian Matellini, Simone Buratti, Mara Battaiola, and Roberto Sacchi. "Morph-specific seasonal variation of aggressive behaviour in a polymorphic lizard species." PeerJ 8 (November 20, 2020): e10268. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10268.
Full textAbstract:
The persistence of colour polymorphism (CP) within a given population is generally associated with the coexistence of alternative reproductive strategies, each one involving specific trade-offs among behavioural, morphological, physiological, and other life histories. Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), is a medium-sized diurnal lizard, showing CP in three main colours (yellow, white, and red) on throat and belly, and a morph-specific pattern for both immunocompetence and seasonal variation of T levels. Yellow males show low stamina with high plasma T levels at the beginning of the season, while white males show high stamina with a higher plasma T levels at the end of the season. We hypothesised the presence of two strategies: a risky one, characterised by high aggressiveness played by yellow-morph, and a conservative one by white morph with low aggressiveness. Thus, we tested the aggressive response to conspecifics of yellow and white morphs using a mirror inserted into their cage, mimicking an intrusion of a stranger in their territories, throughout the breeding season (from April to July, 117 trials). We considered three types of aggressive response, with different levels of aggressiveness: (i) bite against the image reflected in the mirror, (ii) seconds spent by the individuals into the half mirrored cage, and (iii) number of times the lizard entered the half mirrored cage. We also considered the number of tongue flicking as explorative behaviour variable. All lizards were tested after a period of acclimatisation to the captivity conditions. Results demonstrate that yellow males showed a higher aggressive response in the early season and a decrease aggressive response towards the end, whereas white males showed an opposite pattern.
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Park, Jong-Han, and Keun Park. "Development of Micropatterns on Curved Surfaces Using Two-Step Ultrasonic Forming." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2019): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100654.
Full textAbstract:
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a micro/nanoscale patterning technology on thermoplastic polymer films, and has been widely used to fabricate functional micro/nanoscale patterns. NIL was also used to develop micro/nanoscale patterns on curved surfaces by employing flexible polymer stamps or micropatterned metal molds with macroscopic curvatures. In this study, two-step ultrasonic forming was used to develop micropatterns on a curved surface out of a flat metal stamp, by connecting ultrasonic imprinting and stretching processes. Ultrasonic imprinting was used to replicate functional micropatterns on a flat polymer film, using a flat ultrasonic horn and micropatterned metal stamps with prism and dot micropatterns. An ultrasonic stretching process was then used to form a curvature on the patterned film using a curved ultrasonic horn and a soft mold insert, to avoid damage to the pre-developed micropatterns. The ultrasonic horn was designed to have three different tip radii, and the resulting forming depth and curvature formation were investigated experimentally. As a result, three different curved surfaces containing two different micropatterns were obtained. The developed curved films containing micropatterns were then evaluated optically, and showed different optical diffusion and illumination characteristics according to the film curvature and micropattern type. These results indicate that the proposed technology can extend the functionality of conventional micropatterned products by imposing appropriate curvatures.
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Reilley, Sean, Anthony F. Grasha, Gerald Matthews, and John Schafer. "Automatic-Controlled Information Processing and Error Detection in a Simulated Pharmacy-Verification Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.151.
Full textAbstract:
The relationships between attentional variables and information-processing demands of pharmacy dispensing tasks that contribute to difficulties in cognitive performance are not well-known. In the present study, a psychological approach to medical dispensing errors, the cognitive-systems performance model of Grasha, was employed to evaluate the contributions of individual differences in attention and alterations in visual task information on simulated pharmacy-verification performance, perceived workload, and self-reported stress. 73 college-age volunteers completed a pretest battery containing psychological measures of automatic and controlled information processing, and one-week later spent 265 min. completing the end visual-inspection process for 200 simulated prescriptions, 27% of which contained artificially inserted errors. Evidence suggesting that both automatic and controlled processes underlie performance of a simulated pharmacy-verification task was obtained. Individual differences in controlled information processing were mildly predictive of detection accuracy, while contrary to expectations, automatic processing scores did not produce significant relationships. Detection associated with experimental alterations in font size (12-pt. vs 6-pt.) of critical prescription label information was partially in line with expectations from the cognitive-systems performance model, while additional visual enhancements via a magnification/illumination device yielded mixed results. Finally, reports of perceived workload (NASA Task Load Index) and specific patterns of self-reported stress (Dundee Stress State Questionnaire) were consistent with a three-tier behavioral framework offered recently by Matthews, Davies, Westerman, and Stammers for predicting behaviors along the automatic-controlled continuum.
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Magri, Vittorio, Matteo Boltri, Tommaso Cai, Roberto Colombo, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Pieter De Visschere, Rosanna Giuberti, et al. "Multidisciplinary approach to prostatitis." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 90, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2018.4.227.
Full textAbstract:
The modern clinical research on prostatitis started with the work of Stamey and coworkers who developed the basic principles we are still using. They established the segmented culture technique for localizing the infections in the males to the urethra, the bladder, or the prostate and to differentiate the main categories of prostatitis. Such categories with slight modifications are still used according to the NIH classification: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) and asymptomatic prostatitis. Prostatic inflammation is considered an important factor in influencing both prostatic growth and progression of symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. Chronic inflammation/neuroinflammation is a result of a deregulated acute phase response of the innate immune system affecting surrounding neural tissue at molecular, structural and functional levels. Clinical observations suggest that chronic inflammation correlates with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and an history of clinical chronic prostatitis significantly increases the odds for prostate cancer. The NIHNIDDK classification based on the use of the microbiological 4- glasses localization test or simplified 2-glasses test, is currently accepted worldwide. The UPOINT system identifies groups of clinicians with homogeneous clinical presentation and is used to recognize phenotypes to be submitted to specific treatments. The UPOINTS algorithm implemented the original UPOINT adding to the urinary domains (U), psycho-social (P), organspecific (O), infection (I), neurological (N), muscle tension and tenderness (T) a further domain related to sexuality (S). In fact sexual dysfunction (erectile, ejaculatory, libido loss) has been described in 46-92% of cases with a high impact on the quality of life of patients with CP/CPPS. Prostatic ultrasound represents the most popular imaging test in the work-up of either acute and chronic prostatitis although no specific hypo-hyperechoic pattern has been clearly associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis and CPPS. Use of a digital-processing software to calculate the extension of prostatic calcification area at ultrasound demonstrated a higher percentage of prostatic calcification in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) is the current state-of-the art imaging modality in the assessment of patients with prostate cancer although a variety of benign conditions, including inflammation, may mimic prostate cancer and act as confounding factors in the discrimination between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Bacteria can infect prostate gland by: ascending the urethra, reflux of urine into the prostatic ducts, direct inoculation of bacteria through inserted biopsy needles or hematogenous seeding. Enterobacteriaceae are the predominant pathogens in acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, but an increasing role of Enterococci has been reported. Many strains of these uropathogens exhibit the ability to form biofilm and multidrug- resistance. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) agents, in particular Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium, have been also considered as causative pathogens of chronic bacterial prostatitis. On the contrary the effective role in genital diseases of other "genital mycoplasmas" is still a much debated issue. Sexually Transmitted Infections agents should be investigated by molecular methods in both patient and sexual partner. “Next generation” investigations, such as cytokine analysis, cytological typing of immune cells could help stratifying the immune response. Epigenetic dysregulation of inflammatory factors should be investigated according to systemic and compartment-specific signals. The search for biomarkers should also include evaluation of hormonal pathways, as measurement of estrogen levels in semen. Antimicrobials are the first line agents for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis. The success of antimicrobial treatment depends on the antibacterial activity and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug which must reach high concentrations in prostate secretion and prostate tissue. Acute bacterial prostatitis can be a serious infection with a potential risk for urosepsis For iInitial treatment of severely ill patients, intravenous administration of high doses of bactericidal antimicrobials, such as broad-spectrum penicillins, third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones, is recommended in combination with an aminoglycoside. Use of piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem is justified in presence of multiresistant gramnegative pathogens. The antibiotic treatment of chronic prostatitis is currently based on the use of fluoroquinolones that, given for 2 to 4 weeks, cured about 70% of men with chronic bacterial prostatitis. For the treatment of Chlamydial prostatitis macrolides were shown to be more effective than fluoroquinolones, whereas no differences were observed in microbiological and clinical efficacy between macrolides and tetracyclines for the treatment of infections caused by intracellular pathogens. Aminoglycosides and fosfomycin could be considered as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of quinolone resistant prostatitis. Use of alpha-blockers in CP/CPPS patients with urinary symptoms and analgesics +/- non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), in presence of pain demonstrated a reduction of symptoms reduction and an improvement of quality of life, although long term use of NSAID is limited by side effect profile. However, the multimodal therapeutic regimen by contemporary use of alphablockers, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory showed a better control of prostatitis symptoms than single drug treatment. Novel therapeutic substances for the treatment of pain, such as the cannabinoid anandamide would be highly interesting to test. An alternative for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is phytotherapy, as primary therapy or in association with other drugs. Quercetin, pollen extract, extract of Serenoa repens and other mixtures of herbal extracts showed a positive effect on symptoms and quality of life without side effects. The association of CP/CPPS with alterations of intestinal function has been described. Diet has its effects on inflammation by regulation of the composition of intestinal flora and direct action on the intestinal cells (sterile inflammation). Intestinal bacteria (microbiota) interacts with food influencing the metabolic, immune and inflammatory response of the organism. The intestinal microbiota has protective function against pathogenic bacteria, metabolic function by synthesis of vitamins, decomposition of bile acids and production of trophic factors (butyrate), and modulation of the intestinal immune system. The alteration of the microbiota is called “dysbiosis” causing invasive intestinal diseases pathologies (leaky gut syndrome and food intolerances, irritable bowel syndrome or chronic inflammatory bowel diseases) and correlating with numerous systemic diseases including acute and chronic prostatitis. Administration of live probiotics bacteria can be used to regulate the balance if intestinal flora. Sessions of hydrocolontherapy can represent an integration to this therapeutic approach. Finally, microbiological examination of sexual partners can offer supplementary information for treatment.
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MO, FU-YAN, SHOU-ZHOU ZHANG, CHUN-RUI LIN, and YAN LIU. "Aspidistra latistyla (Asparagaceae), a new species from China." Phytotaxa 512, no. 1 (July 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.512.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Aspidistra latistyla, (Asparagaceae), a new Chinese species, is described and illustrated here. This new species is similar to A. longipetala in the shape of the flowers, but can be clearly distinguished by its taller leaves, the perianth lobes shorter than tube, stamens inserted in the upper-middle of perianth tube and the stigma cylindrical, 8–10 mm long, 7–9 mm in diameter.
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Oliveira, Ivan Sérgio da Silva, Vênia Camelo de Souza, Sara Beatriz da Costa Santos, Jazielly Nascimento da Rocha Almeida, Josinaldo da Silva Henrique, Paulo Marks de Araújo Costa, João Henrique Constantino Sales Silva, Carlos Alberto Lins Cassimiro, Carmelita Érica Azevedo de Lucena, and Thiago de Sousa Melo. "Floral Biology and Pollen Viability of Passiflora edulis Sims." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, September 27, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2019/v41i130386.
Full textAbstract:
Yellow passion fruit is a native tropical fruit tree whose cultivation has evolved very rapidly in Brazil; therefore, studies on the ecology of reproduction are needed. The study of pollen viability is an important tool to observe the male potential of the species. The objective of this study was to estimate pollen viability, pollen/ovule ratio and floral biology of Passiflora edulis Sims in organic cultivation located in Bananeiras, PB, and Brazilian. The study was developed in a completely randomized design, using ten flower buds in the pre-anthesis. The analyses performed in the biology laboratory of the Center of Human, Social and Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Paraiba. For the pollen viability analysis, all the anthers of the ten flower buds were used, five anthers per flower, which were crushed on a glass slide and with the aid of Alexander dye, the purple pollen grains were considered viable and the green ones unviable. To measure flower morphology and biometrics, a digital pachymeter, analytical balance and ruler were used. Five stamens form the androecium; the fillets are of short length inserted below the ovary. The flowers have three stigmas with an average height of 16.5mm, an average of 32,136 viable pollens, 58 unviable pollen grains and 140 ovules per ovary, having a pollen viability of 99.8% and a pollen/ovule ratio of approximately 95/1 pollen grains per ovule. Their structures are uniform, with no biometric variations in the amount of petals, sepals, anthers and stigma length. Alexander's reactive dye was effective in staining the pollen grains of yellow passion fruit. The pollen/ovule ratio indicates that this species performs facultative autogamy as well; however, this classification alone is not sufficient to affirm its reproductive system.
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Mohebbati, Reza, Yasamin Kamkar-Del, and Mohammad Naser Shafei. "Effect of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Stamen on High Blood Pressure and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Anesthetized Rats." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20 (October 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666201029142513.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The stamen is a byproduct of saffron (Crocus sativus) flowers. Herein, its cardiovascular effects were evaluated on hypertension induced by angiotensin II (AngII) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), as well as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: 1) control, 2) AngII (50 ng/kg, i.v.), 3) losartan (10 mg/kg, i.p.) + AngII, 4) L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v.), 5) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg, i.p.) + L-NAME, 6, 7) saffron stamen extract (SS) (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) + AngII and 8, 9) SS (100 and 200 mg/kg) + L-NAME, and 10) SS (200 mg/kg) + phenylephrine (Phen, i.v.). The treated rats first received two doses of SS, 30 min after the injection of L-NAME, AngII, and Phen in separate groups. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded by the PowerLab apparatus via an angiocatheter inserted into the femoral artery. The maximal changes (∆) of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) in the treated groups were compared with those of the hypertensive and control groups. The changes in MAP and HR induced by Phen were used for BRS evaluation. Results: The SS extract did not significantly affect the basal cardiovascular parameters. The injection of AngII significantly increased the MAP and SBP (P<0.01-P<0.001) with no significant effect on the HR. The SS extract significantly attenuated the pressor effect induced by AngII (P<0.001). Increased MAP and SBP induced by L-NAME (P<0.001) were also significantly attenuated by the SS extract (P<0.01). The effect of SS extract on L-NAME was significantly higher than that of AngII (P<0.05). Moreover, BRS was significantly improved by the SS extract. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that the SS extract has anti-hypertensive effects that are probably mediated by an inhibitory effect on AngII, increasing nitric oxide production, or improving baroreflex sensitivity.