Relevant bibliographies by topics / Stand density

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Stand density'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Stand density"

1

Shao, Guofan, and Herman H. Shugart. "A Compatible Growth-Density Stand Model Derived from a Distance-Dependent Individual Tree Model." Forest Science 43, no. 3 (1997): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.3.443.

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Abstract A compatible growth-density stand model is developed for simulating forest stands with uniformly distributed trees (e.g., square spacing, equilateral triangle spacing, and 1:1.5 row to column ratio tree distribution patterns). The model is based on a distance-dependent individual-tree competition model. The independent variable in the individual-tree model is Hegyi's (1974) diameter-distance competition index with n = 8. The derived growth density stand model satisfies a necessary boundary condition (i.e., stand growth is zero either when stand density is zero or when stand density re
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Pretzsch, Hans, and Miren del Río. "Density regulation of mixed and mono-specific forest stands as a continuum: a new concept based on species-specific coefficients for density equivalence and density modification." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93, no. 1 (2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz069.

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Abstract A wealth of recent research has improved our understanding of the structure, growth and yield of mixed-species stands. However, appropriate quantitative concepts for their silvicultural regulation remain scarce. Due to the species-specific stand densities, growing area requirements and potential over-density, the density and mixing regulation in mixed stands is much more intricate than in monospecific stands. Here, we introduce the species-specific coefficients: density equivalence coefficients (DEC), for density equivalence; and density modification coefficient (DMC), for density mod
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Li, Jiajing, Dongsheng Chen, Xin Yang, Niqiao Fan, Yiwen Wang, and Zhidong Zhang. "Effects of Stand Density, Age, and Drought on the Size–Growth Relationship in Larix principis-rupprechtii Forests." Forests 15, no. 3 (2024): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030413.

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The size–growth relationship (SGR) quantifies growth partitioning among different sized trees in a stand and helps to elucidate stand growth dynamics during stand development. SGR strongly correlates with stand density, stand age, and drought severity. This study focused on larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii (Mayr)) forests with different stand ages (17–19 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, and 40–46 years) and stand densities (300–1400 trees·ha−1 and 1400–3300 trees·ha−1) as the research subjects. Employing a linear mixed model, we aimed to quantify the effects of stand density, stand age, and
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Zeide, Boris. "Optimal stand density: a solution." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 4 (2004): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-258.

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The search for a stand density that maximizes total volume growth has continued since the beginning of forestry without producing a definite answer. One of the reasons is that the effect of density on growth is not always separated from those of tree size and age. Such a separation is not easy when the relationship between density and growth is expressed as a graph (Langsaeter's curve). This study develops a simple model that accounts for each main growth predictor individually. It allows one to calculate the density that maximizes volume growth at any given moment (current annual increment of
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Singh, Vikaspal, Dhanpal Singh Chauhan, and Sabyasachi Dasgupta. "Effect of stand structure and aspect on the regeneration of banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus) forest along disturbance in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India." Forestry Studies 68, no. 1 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2018-0003.

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Abstract A study was conducted in an oak forest, to find out the relationship of stand structure, aspect and regeneration of species. Among all disturbance stands the density of banj oak Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus individuals was peaked at 40–50 cm and 50–60 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) classes and low tree density was observed with the increasing DBH classes. North aspect showed higher density for most of girth classes as compared to south facing aspect. Among all the stands, low seedling density was recorded in undisturbed stand at south facing aspect as compared to the moderate
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Chen, Zhang, Chen, et al. "Sparse Pinus Tabuliformis Stands Have Higher Canopy Transpiration Than Dense Stands Three Decades After Thinning." Forests 11, no. 1 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010070.

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Hydrological effects of forest thinning have been studied at small watershed scales using the paired watershed approach since the 1920s. However, how forest transpiration, a critical component of evapotranspiration, changes decades after thinning is not well understood despite its importance for modifying drought resilience of forest ecosystem under climate change. In a semi-arid mountainous area of northern China, we measured growing season sap flow of Pinus tabuliformis, a widely planted afforestation species, in 44-year-old monoculture plantation stands with low (983 stems ha−1), medium (16
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Wilson, Duncan S., Robert S. Seymour, and Douglas A. Maguire. "Density Management Diagram for Northeastern Red Spruce and Balsam Fir Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 1 (1999): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/16.1.48.

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Abstract A stand-density management diagram is presented for use in northeastern red spruce and balsam fir forests. The diagram was derived from an extensive archived data set collected during the 1970s from fully stocked stands throughout northern Maine and a more recent study of precommercially thinned stands. The negative exponential relationship between mean stemwood volume per tree and stand density, commonly known as the "self-thinning rule, "was formulated to define a biological maximum stand density. The maximum size-density equation can be used to calculate the relative density of any
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Kholdaenko, Yulia A., Elena A. Babushkina, Liliana V. Belokopytova, et al. "The More the Merrier or the Fewer the Better Fare? Effects of Stand Density on Tree Growth and Climatic Response in a Scots Pine Plantation." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050915.

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In forests, the growth and productivity of individual trees and stands as a whole are regulated by stand density among other factors, because access to vital resources is limited by competition between trees. On 18 experimental plots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted with a density of 500–128,000 trees/ha in the south taiga (Middle Siberia), interactions between stand density, tree- and stand-scale productivity, and tree-ring parameters were investigated. Tree-scale productivity variables, tree-ring width, and latewood width had stable negative allometric relationships with stand den
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Pretzsch, H. "The elasticity of growth in pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 11 (2012): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4721-jfs.

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This study indicates that the growth of mixed stands with Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is more stable across a range of stand densities than it is in pure forests of the same species. Typical density-growth-relationships are derived from 42 long-term experimental areas with 134 plots in total, the oldest of them under survey since 1870. From these results it is apparent that in pure stands maximum growth can be obtained only at medium stand density, whereas in mixed stands growth is almost unchanged over a range of low, medium and high stand den
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Stašiov, Slavomír, and Marek Svitok. "The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest." Folia Oecologica 46, no. 1 (2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0002.

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AbstractModification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The s
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Stand density"

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Allen, II Micky Gale. "Stand Density Management for Optimal Volume Production." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71825.

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The relationship between volume production and stand density, often termed the 'growth-density relationship', has been studied since the beginnings of forestry and yet no conclusive evidence about a general pattern has been established. Throughout the literature claims and counterclaims concerning the growth-density relationship can be found. Different conclusions have been attributed to the diverse range of definitions of volume and stand density among problems with study design and other pitfalls. Using data from two thinning studies representing non-intensively and intensively managed plant
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Allen, Micky Gale II. "Stand Density Management for Optimal Volume Production." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71825.

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The relationship between volume production and stand density, often termed the 'growth-density relationship', has been studied since the beginnings of forestry and yet no conclusive evidence about a general pattern has been established. Throughout the literature claims and counterclaims concerning the growth-density relationship can be found. Different conclusions have been attributed to the diverse range of definitions of volume and stand density among problems with study design and other pitfalls. Using data from two thinning studies representing non-intensively and intensively managed plant
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Kim, Hojung He Hong S. "Developing a stand density module in LANDIS to improve simulation realism of stand dynamics." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6589.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 18, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Hong S. He. Includes bibliographical references.
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O'Hara, Kevin L. "Thinning even-aged Douglas-fir stands : effects of density and structure on stand volume growth /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5522.

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Heng, Sovanchandara. "Thinning Effects on Forest Stands and Possible Improvement in a Stand Reconstruction Technique." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242684.

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Norgrove, Lindsey Ann. "Crop, weed and soil response to tree density and implications for nutrient cycling in a tropical agrisilvicultural system." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324993.

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VanderSchaaf, Curtis Lee. "Modeling maximum size-density relationships of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29489.

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Self-thinning quantifies the reduction in tree numbers due to density-dependent mortality. Maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs) are a component of self-thinning that describe the maximum tree density per unit area obtainable for a given average tree size, often quadratic mean diameter (D). An MSDR species boundary line has been defined as a static upper limit of maximum tree density -- D relationships that applies to all stands of a certain species within a particular geographical area. MSDR dynamic thinning lines have been defined as the maximum tree density obtainable within an individ
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Oneil, Elaine E. "Developing stand density thresholds to address mountain pine beetle susceptibility in eastern Washington forests /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5536.

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Novell, Sara T. "Design of Structural Stand for High-Precision Optics Microscopy." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2132.

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Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) is home to the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world’s largest and most energetic laser. Each of the 192 beamlines contains dozens of large optics, which require offline damage inspection using large, raster-scanning microscopes. The primary microscope used to measure and characterize the optical damage sites has a precision level of 1 µm. Mounted in a class 100 clean room with a raised tile floor, the microscope is supported by a steel stand that structurally connects the microscope to the concrete ground. Due to ambient vibrations experienced in t
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Bergqvist, Göran. "Stand and wood properties of boreal Norway spruce growing under birch shelter /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5642-8.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Stand density"

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000.

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British Columbia. Forest Practices Branch., ed. Guidelines for developing stand density management regimes. British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Forest Practices Branch, 1999.

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Straight, Richard Todd. Windbreak density: Rules of thumb for design. USDA National Agroforestry Center, 2007.

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Muggli, Christoph. Siedlungsstruktur Schweiz: Stand und Entwicklung der räumlichen Konzentration von Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft. Eidg. Justiz- und Polizeidepartement, Bundesamt für Raumplanung, 1987.

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A, Mata S., and Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Stand density and mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality in Ponderosa Pine stands. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Stand density"

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Burkhart, Harold E., and Margarida Tomé. "Quantifying Stand Density." In Modeling Forest Trees and Stands. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3170-9_8.

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Johnson, P. S., S. R. Shifley, R. Rogers, D. C. Dey, and J. M. Kabrick. "Self-thinning and stand density." In The ecology and silviculture of oaks. CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780647081.0225.

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West, P. W. "Stand Density and Initial Spacing." In Growing Plantation Forests. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01827-0_7.

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Bianchi, Simone, Andreas Brunner, Kjersti Holt Hanssen, et al. "Growth and Yield." In Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70484-0_4.

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Abstract There is still a lack of knowledge on growth and yield (G&Y) in continuous cover forestry (CCF). Most published studies are on the selection system with Norway spruce. Published comparisons of the selection system with rotation forestry (RF) show contrasting results. Generally, there seems to be a trend toward faster stand growth in RF. However, there are many uncertainties due to several confounding factors, such as stand-density effects, site-quality classification, and/or growth models used. Most studies do not properly account for all these factors, making it difficult to gene
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Lula, Mikolaj, Kjersti Holt Hanssen, Martin Goude, et al. "Regeneration." In Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70484-0_3.

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Abstract In the context of continuous cover forestry (CCF), natural regeneration is the preferred form of regeneration, but it is a long-lasting and complex process. Shelter density has a large effect on the regeneration process and results. The selection system, particularly suited for shade-tolerant species like Norway spruce, relies on continuous regeneration and ingrowth into larger size classes. Regeneration and ingrowth rates vary significantly among stands, influenced by site and historical factors, with no clear relationship to current stand conditions. In the group system, edge trees
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Korpunen, Heikki, Yrjö Nuutinen, Paula Jylhä, et al. "Harvesting of Continuous Cover Forests." In Managing Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70484-0_6.

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Abstract Overall forest management objectives and stand properties set the requirements and possibilities for harvesting in continuous cover forestry (CCF). Harvester and forwarder operators play a key role in successful CCF harvesting, as both productivity and quality of work are essential factors in harvesting operations. Optimal stand conditions improve work productivity on selection harvesting sites; harvested stem volume correlates well with work productivity in cutting, and density of remaining trees does not significantly reduce work productivity in forwarding. Carefully executed group
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Avram, Mihai, Valerian-Emanuel Sârbu, and Mariana-Florentina Ştefănescu. "Study of a Test Stand for Determining the Oil Density in Hydraulic Systems." In International Conference on Reliable Systems Engineering (ICoRSE) - 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83368-8_1.

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Sword, M. A. "Seasonal development of loblolly pine lateral roots in response to stand density and fertilisation." In Root Demographics and Their Efficiencies in Sustainable Agriculture, Grasslands and Forest Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5270-9_8.

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Athikamsetti, Rudra Santhosh Kumar, and Satish Kumar Gudey. "High Power Density Parallel LC-Link PV Inverter for Stand-alone and Grid Mode of Operation." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_48.

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Scrosati, Ricardo. "The relationship between stand biomass and frond density in the clonal alga Mazzaella cornucopiae (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae)." In Fifteenth International Seaweed Symposium. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Stand density"

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Min, Du, and Liu Siqi. "Optimization Cathodic Protection Design for Offshore Platform: Solution for the Contradiction of Big Initial and Small Mean Current Density by Wing Section Sacrificial Anode." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07303.

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Summary As everyone knows, there is the contradiction of big initial and small mean current density for offshore platform, sometimes the former is twice of the latter. DNV-RP-B401 suggests minimizing the anode size to meet the bigger initial current density, and NACE-RP-0176 recommends utilizing more anodes. This paper introduces a new method to address this problem by wing section sacrificial anode with large surface area at initial period. Experiment results showed that the wing section sacrificial anode can output 30-40% more current density than the long slender stand-off, while L ≥ 4r.
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McGovern, Jeremy, Hans DeSmidt, Tanmay Mathur, et al. "Preliminary Results from Dynamic Testing of a Pericyclic Drive System." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1304.

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Over 4 decades of research works on the nutating, now pericyclic, mechanical transmission have studied its capability to achieve high power density, low noise, and amplified single-stage reduction ratios of up to 100:1. These analytical efforts have culminated into the fabrication of a 50 HP and 32:1 reduction ratio pericyclic transmission prototype. This work introduces the prototype with highlights of the assembly and alignment procedures validated by static testing evaluation. Then, discussion of the dynamic test stand integration, instrumentation, and lubrication components lay out the fra
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Khujadze, Nodar, and Lia Matchavarian. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOREST." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s14.40.

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This study aimed to investigate carbon storage dynamics in pure pine, oak, and mixed forests within a one-hectare area. Tree samples were collected to measure their weight, size, and density. Each type of forest was estimated how much carbon is hold per hectare. The findings revealed significant differences in carbon storage capacities among them. Pure oak forests emerged as the top carbon reservoirs, with 57% of their trees' mass comprising carbon. Pure pine forests followed closely with 51% carbon storage. Interestingly, mixed forests, hosting both pine and oak trees, exhibited a considerabl
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Karli, Geoffrey, Sihong Yan, and Jose Palacios. "Full-Scale EVTOL Rotor Icing Wind Tunnel Testing." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-0034.

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In recent years, the electrically powered Urban Air Mobility (UAM) market has witnessed significant growth, fueled by advances in electric motor and high-power-density lithium battery technologies. This surge of interest has prompted an exploration into the design and functionality of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles, particularly those with multi-tilt-rotor configurations. These eVTOL vehicles, capable of operating at higher RPMs than traditional helicopters, face unique challenges, especially under adverse environmental conditions such as icing. Aircraft airframe icing
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MIEZĪTE, Olga, Ineta EGLĪTE, Solveiga LUGUZA, and Imants LIEPA. "HEIGHT INCREMENT OF NATURALLY REGENERATED YOUNG FOREST STANDS OF SCOTS PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN MYRTILLOSA FOREST SITE TYPE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.076.

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One of the most important stand productivity and competition indicators is height annual increment, which is affected by various factors such as soil preparation, initial density as well as various management risk factors. Empirical material for the research was collected in the northern part of Latvia. In four pure Scots pine stands in Myrtillosa forest site type 29 circular plots tree diameter, height and the last five years annual height increment was measured and visual state of health was described. The aim of this research is to analyse Scots pine height annual increment in naturally reg
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Liu, Hui, Longzao Zhou, Jun Li, Fengshun Wu, and Yiping Wu. "Effect of stand-off height on the reliability of Cu/Sn-4.8Bi-2Ag/Cu solder joint." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270592.

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Huang, Jiarong, Guangqin Gao, Xianyu Meng, and Yuxiu Guan. "Modeling stand density index based on artificial neural network." In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2010.5584350.

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Nian, Guang-Yue, Jian-Yun Huang, and Hai-Xiao Pan. "Taxi Stand Layout Planning Using Trip Spatial Density Clustering Algorithm." In 24th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784485484.328.

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Marcos Rebessi de Sousa, João, Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra, Humberto de Jesus Eufrade-Junior, Romain Silberger, Nicolas Seube, and Louise Berger. "A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF Eucalyptus STAND DENSITY FROM A HIGH-DENSITY UAV LASER SCANNING DATA." In 9° Congresso Florestal Brasileiro. Softaliza Tecnologias LTDA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55592/cfb.2022.7178404.

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Bottner, H., J. Nurnus, A. Schubert, and F. Volkert. "New high density micro structured thermogenerators for stand alone sensor systems." In 2007 26th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2007.4569484.

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Reports on the topic "Stand density"

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DeMars, Donald J. Stand-density study of spruce-hemlock stands in southeastern Alaska. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-496.

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Sonderman, David L., and David L. Sonderman. Stand density-a factor affecting stem quality of young hardwoods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-561.

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Sonderman, David L., and David L. Sonderman. Stand density-a factor affecting stem quality of young hardwoods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-561.

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Curtis, Robert O., Sheel Bansal, and Constance A. Harrington. Relation of initial spacing and relative stand density indices to stand characteristics in a Douglas-fir plantation spacing trial. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-607.

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Curtis, Robert O., Sheel Bansal, and Constance A. Harrington. Relation of initial spacing and relative stand density indices to stand characteristics in a Douglas-fir plantation spacing trial. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-607.

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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Наталія Вікторівна Товстоляк, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, and Іван Панасович Григорюк. Structure and Diversity of Urban Park Stands at Kryvyi Rih Ore-Mining & Metallurgical District, Central Ukraine. Podgorica, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3946.

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Abstract:
The present study examines the relationships between structure (floristic composition, dendrometric parameters), diversity (diversity and evenness indexes) of urban forest park stands and the ecological (soil fertility, soil moisture), environmental factors (air pollution). The study is based on the forest park stands inventory data, performed from 2012 to 2017 in Kryvyi Rih City, Central Ukraine. The floristic compositions of the urban forest park stands are poor. There are only 23 species that belong to 14 families and 12 genera. More families were represented by at least more than 2% of tax
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Edminster, Carleton B., H. Todd Mowrer, Robert L. Mathiasen, Thomas M. Schuler, William K. Olsen, and Frank G. Hawksworth. GENGYM: A variable density stand table projection system calibrated for mixed conifer and ponderosa pine stands in the Southwest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-rp-297.

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Edminster, Carleton B., H. Todd Mowrer, Robert L. Mathiasen, Thomas M. Schuler, William K. Olsen, and Frank G. Hawksworth. GENGYM: A variable density stand table projection system calibrated for mixed conifer and ponderosa pine stands in the Southwest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-rp-297.

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Leak, William B., and Mariko Yamasaki. Effects of low-density thinning in a declining white pine stand in Maine. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rn-170.

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Haywood, James D. Seasonal and cumulative loblolly pine development under two stand density and fertility levels through four growing seasons. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rp-283.

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