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Journal articles on the topic 'Stand density management'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wilson, Duncan S., Robert S. Seymour, and Douglas A. Maguire. "Density Management Diagram for Northeastern Red Spruce and Balsam Fir Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 1 (1999): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/16.1.48.

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Abstract A stand-density management diagram is presented for use in northeastern red spruce and balsam fir forests. The diagram was derived from an extensive archived data set collected during the 1970s from fully stocked stands throughout northern Maine and a more recent study of precommercially thinned stands. The negative exponential relationship between mean stemwood volume per tree and stand density, commonly known as the "self-thinning rule, "was formulated to define a biological maximum stand density. The maximum size-density equation can be used to calculate the relative density of any

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2

Kondoh, Hiroshi. "Assessment of the Full Density Curve in Stand Density Management Diagrams for Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) in Kyushu Island, Japan: Implications for Forest Management." Forests 14, no. 11 (2023): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112129.

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Accurate forest information on tree species, stand age, tree density, and stand volume is required to ensure effective forest management practices. In Japan, forest information is consolidated in forest yield tables and stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) that are specifically designed for major forest plantation species. In this study, we analyzed whether the current full density curve in the SDMD of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantation stands in Kyushu Island aligns with the characteristics of the existing stands. Data from 18 Hinoki forests were used to measure tree heights, diame

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3

Newton, P. F., and G. F. Weetman. "Stand density management diagram for managed black spruce stands." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 1 (1994): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70065-1.

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A stand density management diagram for managed black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands was developed using data derived from 37 variable-size temporary and permanent sample plots, and 257 open-grown sample trees. The plots were situated within 15 plantations and 4 precommercially thinned stands located throughout central and western Newfoundland, north-western New Brunswick and northern Ontario. The basic components of the diagram included: (1) an approximate crown closure line (2) the self-thinning rule (3) expected size-density trajectories and (4) isolines for dominant height, re

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Newton, P. F., and G. F. Weetman. "Stand density management diagrams and their development and utility in black spruce management." Forestry Chronicle 69, no. 4 (1993): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc69421-4.

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A stand density management diagram for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) was developed using data derived from 49 0.081-ha permanent sample plots and 257 open-grown sample trees located throughout central insular Newfoundland. The diagram illustrated the reciprocal equation of the competition-density effect, self-thinning rule, approximate crown closure line, zone of imminent competition-mortality, and isolines for relative density, quadratic mean diameter and merchantability ratio. Mean prediction error for natural stand trajectories over a 30-projection period were 2.5 dm3 for mean

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Hare, M. D. "ESTABLISHMENT, SPACING DENSITY AND GRAZING EFFECT." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 5 (January 1, 1990): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.5.1998.3342.

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For the production of acceptable yields of grass seeds, attention must be paid throughout the life of the plant towards encouraging the type of growth and development that is likely to result in the maximum seed production from any particular stand during its lifetime. The lifetime of certified grass seed crops'in New Zealand ranges from one harvest season for Tama ryegrass, to four harvest seasons for perennial ryegrass, six for tall fescue, seven for phalaris and eight for cocksfoot. Management of these stands, particularly the long term stands, is a year round process right from the day har

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Shaw, John D., and James N. Long. "A Density Management Diagram for Longleaf Pine Stands with Application to Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 1 (2007): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.1.28.

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Abstract We developed a density management diagram (DMD) for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill.) using data from Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. Selection criteria were for purity, defined as longleaf pine basal area (BA) that is 90% or more of plot BA, and even-agedness, as defined by a ratio between two calculations of stand density index. The diagram predicts stand top height (mean of tallest 40 trees/ac) and volume (ft3/ac) as a function of quadratic mean diameter and stem density (trees/ac). In this DMD we introduce a “mature stand boundary” that, as a model of stand dynamics, r

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Lu, Lele, Bin Zhang, Jianguo Zhang, Aiguo Duan, and Xiongqing Zhang. "Application of stand density indices for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantation management." Forestry Studies 68, no. 1 (2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2018-0005.

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Abstract The most important issues in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) management are the quantitative determination of stand density and the selection of appropriate density. Different stand density index models have advantages for special tree species, and this study aimed to estimate the carrying capacity of planted stands of Chinese fir and to select simple and reliable stand density indexes. Based on special experiment of different initial density, the maximum carrying capacity was estimated using Reineke’s self-thinning rule, Nilson’s sparsity theory, Beekhuis’s relativ

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Sharma, Mahadev, and S. Y. Zhang. "Stand Density Management Diagram for Jack Pine Stands in Eastern Canada." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 1 (2007): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.1.22.

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Abstract A stand density management diagram was developed for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands using the data obtained from 125 permanent sample plots (PSPs) established in Ontario and 232 PSPs in Quebec, Canada. The diagram was evaluated using data from 40 PSPs established in Ontario. Recently developed and efficient models have been used in constructing the diagram to estimate diameters and heights for the trees for which no diameters or heights were recorded at the time of stand inventory. Relative density indices of 0.15, 0.40, and 0.55 were used, corresponding to the line of appro

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9

Stašiov, Slavomír, and Marek Svitok. "The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest." Folia Oecologica 46, no. 1 (2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0002.

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AbstractModification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The s

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Sturtevant, Brian R., John A. Bissonett, and James N. Long. "Stand Density Management Diagram for Mixed Balsam Fir-Black Spruce Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 1 (1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/15.1.17.

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Abstract Stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) provide a useful means of predicting the consequences of alternative density management regimes. The specific objectives of this project were to create a SDMD that could (a) be applied to mixed balsam fir-black spruce stands, and (b) allow structural predictions beyond the typical 60 yr pulpwood rotation period. We constructed the SDMD using data from 129 horizontal point samples from 24 stands and 17 permanent sample plot measurements within 9 stands, located in western and central Newfoundland. The model has not been tested with an independe

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Newton, P. F. "Algorithmic versions of black spruce stand density management diagrams." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 2 (1997): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73257-2.

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Algorithmic versions of stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) were developed for natural and managed black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands. Specifically, the IBM-compatible PC-based algorithms (1) graphically illustrate site-specific size-density trajectories for eight user-specified initial density regimes, (2) given (1), calculate and subsequent tabulate periodic yield estimates (mean dominant height, density, mean volume, total volume, total merchantable volume, quadratic mean diameter, and basal area), and (3) given (2), graphically illustrate empirically-derived yield pro

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12

Ozcelik, Gokhan, and Ferhat Kara. "The Relationships among Tree Mixture, Management Type, Stand Density and Diameter Increment in Kazdağı Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss] Coode & Cullen) Forests." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 14, no. 4 (2024): 1719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.1497442.

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Tree mixture may increase stand productivity while forest tree density mostly negatively influence the tree growth. However, several research have indicated that the knowledge on the corelation between tree mixture and stand productivity is still limited. In this study, the relationships among tree mixture, stand type (i.e., even-aged versus uneven-aged), density and diameter increment of Kazdağı fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss] Coode & Cullen) were examined. The research was conducted within the Ayancık Forest Management Directorate, Sinop Regional

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Pretzsch, Hans. "The Effect of Tree Crown Allometry on Community Dynamics in Mixed-Species Stands versus Monocultures. A Review and Perspectives for Modeling and Silvicultural Regulation." Forests 10, no. 9 (2019): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090810.

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Many recent studies have shown that the structure, density, and productivity of mixed-species stands can differ from the weighted mean of monospecific stands of the respective species. The tree and stand properties emerging by inter-specific neighborhood should be considered in models for understanding and practical management. A promising approach for this is a more realistic representation of the individual tree allometry in models and management concepts, as tree allometry determines many structural and functional aspects at the tree and stand level. Therefore, this paper is focused on the

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Castedo-Dorado, F., F. Crecente-Campo, P. Alvarez-Alvarez, and M. Barrio-Anta. "Development of a stand density management diagram for radiata pine stands including assessment of stand stability." Forestry 82, no. 1 (2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm032.

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Quiñonez-Barraza, Gerónimo, and Hugo Ramírez-Maldonado. "Can an Exponential Function Be Applied to the Asymptotic Density–Size Relationship? Two New Stand-Density Indices in Mixed-Species Forests." Forests 10, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010009.

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This study presents two stand-density indices (SDIs) based on exponential density decline as a function of quadratic mean diameter for all species combined in mixed-species forests with 22 species mix grouped in four species groups. The exponential-based density–diameter relationship, as well the density index corresponding to the slope or instantaneous mortality rate parameters, was compared with those based on power-law density–diameter relationship. A dataset of 202 fully stocked circular plots at maximum density was used for fitting the models, and a dataset of 122 circular plots was used

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DeLong, S. C., J. M. Arocena, and H. B. Massicotte. "Structural characteristics of wet montane forests in east-central British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (2003): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79342-2.

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Structural characteristics of forest stands were examined along a post-fire age chronosequence for wet montane sub-boreal and sub-alpine forests in the northern portion of the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia, Canada. The objective was to develop criteria that could be used to assess the extent to which managed stands approximate the structural characteristics of natural stands. Twelve and fifteen stands were sampled in wet montane sub-boreal and high-elevation subalpine forests, respectively. Tree density, variation in tree size, snag density by size class and coarse woody debris volume we

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Keim, Richard F., Thomas J. Dean, Jim L. Chambers, and William H. Conner. "Stand Density Relationships in Baldcypress." Forest Science 56, no. 4 (2010): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/56.4.336.

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Abstract Stand density indices (SDIs) are surrogate measures of site occupancy useful for developing quantitative management tools for forest types that have not been extensively studied. For example, there has been little research of growth-density relationships for baldcypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] L.C. Rich.). We used published data, forest inventory data, and a 25-year-old thinning study to identify maximum densities and density of incipient self-thinning in baldcypress. Results suggest that a maximum Reineke's SDI is approximately 1,200 (SI units) in baldcypress, which agrees with prac

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Ahtikoski, Anssi, Jouni Siipilehto, Hannu Salminen, Mika Lehtonen, and Jari Hynynen. "Effect of Stand Structure and Number of Sample Trees on Optimal Management for Scots Pine: a Model-Based Study." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120750.

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This study presents an attempt to discover the effect of sample size on the financial outcome derived by stand-level optimization with individual tree modeling. The initial stand structure was altered to reflect sparse, average, and dense Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. The stands had varying numbers of stems but identical weighted median diameters and stand basal areas. The hypothetical Weibull diameter distributions were solved according to the parameter recovery method. The trees were systematically sampled with respect to the tree basal area corresponding to sample sizes of 10, 20

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Swift, Edwin, Margaret Penner, Rolland Gagnon, and Jason Knox. "A stand density management diagram for spruce–balsam fir mixtures in New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 2 (2007): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83187-2.

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Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss) often form mixed stands throughout northeastern North America. After harvesting operations or natural disturbances, the resulting natural regeneration may require thinning prescriptions to achieve the desired future stand structure and associated forest products. Stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) can assist the forest manager in examining potential yield implications of stand density management decisions. Data from New Brunswick, Nov

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Piqué-Nicolau, Míriam, Miren Del Río, Rafael Calama, and Gregorio Montero. "Modelling silviculture alternatives for managing Pinus pinea L." Forest Systems 20, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2011201-8464.

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A yield model was developed to simulate silviculture alternatives for Pinus pinea L. in north-east Spain (Catalonia). The model uses several functions to estimate the main silvicultural parameters at stand level and a disaggregation system to predict diameter distributions. From a network of 75 temporary plots a system of equations to predict stand variables was simultaneously fitted for two stand density types, namely low and high density stands, using the threestage least-squares method (3SLS). The diameter distributions were estimated by the Weibull distribution function using the parameter

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Hanakova-Becvarova, Petra, Marian Horvath, Borivoj Sarapatka, and Vaclav Zouhar. "The effect of stand characteristics on soil organic carbon content in spruce and deciduous stands." Forest Systems 31, no. 1 (2022): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022311-18824.

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Aim of study: To determine the effects of stand characteristics, which closely relate to forest management practices, on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in the organic (O) and surface mineral (A) soil horizons in spruce and deciduous stands, and to show SOC dynamics during the life of production stands. Area of study: Spruce and deciduous stands located throughout the Czech Republic. Material and methods: The effects of age, density of stocking and canopy of stand on SOC content in the O and A horizons, and the difference between categories of variables and the trends of SOC

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Williams, Roger A. "Stand Density Management Diagram for Loblolly Pine Plantations in North Louisiana." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 1 (1994): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.1.40.

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Abstract A stand density management diagram for use with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in north Louisiana has been developed. Three critical stand density boundaries important to management were defined: (1) the point of crown closure, (2) the point of self-thinning, and (3) the maximum tree size-stand density relationship. These three boundaries were estimated to occur at stand density index values of 160, 220, and 400, respectively. Three examples illustrating the use of these boundaries in thinning strategies are presented. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):40-45.

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Gevaña, Dixon T., Leni D. Camacho, and Sofronio C. Camacho. "Stand density management and blue carbon stock of monospecific mangrove plantation in Bohol, Philippines." Forestry Studies 66, no. 1 (2017): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsmu-2017-0008.

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AbstractBlue carbon pertains to carbon stock that is stored by marine ecosystems including mangrove forest. Density and blue carbon stock assessment was conducted covering matureRhizophora stylosaGriff. plantations in Bohol, Philippines. Three stand types were assessed: thinned mature stand (0.34 tree m−2at 55 years old; 35 ha); non-thinned mature stand (1.2 tree m−2at 55 years old; 20 ha) and young stand (2.6 tree m−2at 20 years old; 150 ha). These plantations were initially established with a plant spacing of 0.5 m × 0.5 m. Non-destructive plot sampling technique was used to account biomass

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Newton, P. F. "Stand density management diagrams: Review of their development and utility in stand-level management planning." Forest Ecology and Management 98, no. 3 (1997): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00086-8.

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Kahriman, Aydn, Abdurrahman Şahin, Turan Sönmez, and Mehmet Yavuz. "Modeli rasta prirodnih sastojina kalabrijskog bora u središnjem mediteranskom području Turske." Šumarski list 147, no. 3-4 (2023): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.147.3-4.1.

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Stand growth models are needed for a variety of forestry practices, primarily management plans and silvicultural studies. The goal of this study was to create stand-level models for natural, pure even-aged stands of Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey. The study area consists of pure and natural Calabrian pine stands located within the boundaries of the Antalya and Mersin Regional Forestry Directorates in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey. Data was collected from 486 temporary plots scattered throughout the region. Two trees (the dominant tree and the tree rep

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Hibbs, David E., and Gary C. Carlton. "A Comparison of Diameter-and Volume-Based Stocking Guides for Red Alder." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 4 (1989): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/4.4.113.

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Abstract Stocking guides based on Reineke's stand density index concept (diameter vs stem density) and on the self-thinning rule (volume vs stem density) are currently in use in the western United States. A self-thinning rule-based guide has been developed for red alder (Alnus rubra). In this paper, we develop a Reineke-type guide for red alder and compare the growth of thinned and self-thinning stands in both systems. Stand density appears to be defined differently in the two systems, leading to differences in density management prescriptions. West. J. Appl. For. 4(4):113-115, October 1989.

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Heriansyah, Ika, Sofwan Bustomi, and Yoichi Kanazawa. "DENSITY EFFECTS AND STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT DIAGRAM FOR MERKUS PINE IN THE HUMID TROPICS OF JAVA, INDONESIA." Journal of Forestry Research 5, no. 2 (2008): 91–114. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2008.5.2.91-114.

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The size and quality of produced timber are greatly affected by the suitability of planting density and the practice of thinning. Density effects on stand growth and development were evaluated in a spacing trial of merkus pine(Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese ), and these data were used to establish a stand density management diagram(SDMD). Growth performance in terms of diameter at breast height (D), total height(Ht) and mortality rate were monitored for 32 years when trees were 5-36 years old. Mortality and D growth were positively density related, but H growth was not affected by density.

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Medhavi, Wilhelmus, Tien Lastini, and Endang Hernawan. "Stand Structure and Composition and Model for Estimating Stand Volume Potential at the Citragaluh Sustainable Community Forest Management Unit, Subang Regency, West Java." 3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management 5, no. 1 (2023): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.4.

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In general, community forest management is still limited to the management of individual farmers so that it affects diversity, especially in the form of stands. This study aimed to explore the stand structure and composition characteristics and develop a model for estimating the potential stand volume at the Citragaluh community forest management unit with 55 observation plots based on a combination of slope and density classes. The data taken includes slope; plant species; plant coordinates; planting pattern and spacing; tree diameter, tree height, and canopy density. The results of plot obse

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Kang, Ping, Shitao Lin, Chao Huang, Shun Li, Zhiwei Wu, and Long Sun. "Revealing Three-Dimensional Variations in Fuel Structures in Subtropical Forests through Backpack Laser Scanning." Forests 15, no. 1 (2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010155.

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Wildfire hazard is a prominent issue in subtropical forests as climate change and extreme drought events increase in frequency. Stand-level fuel load and forest structure are determinants of forest fire occurrence and spread. However, current fuel management often lacks detailed vertical fuel distribution, limiting accurate fire risk assessment and effective fuel policy implementation. In this study, backpack laser scanning (BLS) is used to estimate several 3D structural parameters, including canopy height, crown base height, canopy volume, stand density, vegetation area index (VAI), and veget

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Zhai, Bochao, Meimei Sun, Xiaojuan Shen, Yan Zhu, Guoqing Li, and Sheng Du. "Effects of Stand Density on Growth, Soil Water Content and Nutrients in Black Locust Plantations in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Region." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010376.

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Stand density is an important index of forest structure, which strongly affects local environments and functions in the forest. Many black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations with low quality in the Loess hilly region are assumed to be caused by inappropriate stand density. In this study, the growth status, spatio-temporal variations in soil water and nutrient conditions were investigated in the nearly middle-aged plantations with three density classes. The proportion of stunted trees increased with the increase in density class. The stands of <2500 stems ha−1 not only had the distrib

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Hull, R. Bruce, and Gregory J. Buhyoff. "The Scenic Beauty Temporal Distribution Method: An Attempt to Make Scenic Beauty Assessments Compatible with Forest Planning Efforts." Forest Science 32, no. 2 (1986): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.2.271.

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Abstract A method was developed which simulates and evaluates scenic beauty through time with the intent of providing useful information for forest management and planning efforts. It is argued that temporal based scenic information is essential given the dynamic nature of forest management and planning. Temporal distributions of scenic beauty, which represent the level of scenic beauty at each year during the planning horizon, were simulated in order to evaluate the scenic impacts of proposed management actions. Four general loblolly pine stand management practices (unthinned natural, unthinn

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Novák, Jiří, David Dušek, and Marian Slodičák. "Thinning in artificially regenerated young beech stands." Forestry Journal 61, no. 4 (2015): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0031.

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AbstractAlthough beech stands are usually regenerated naturally, an area of up to 5,000 ha year−1is artificially regenerated by beech in the Czech Republic annually. Unfortunately, these stands often showed insufficient stand density and, consequently, lower quality of stems. Therefore, thinning methods developed for naturally regenerated beech stands are applicable with difficulties. The paper evaluates the data from two thinning experiments established in young artificially regenerated beech stands located in different growing conditions. In both experiments, thinning resulted in the lower a

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Curtin, Patrick J., Benjamin O. Knapp, Steven B. Jack, Lance A. Vickers, David R. Larsen, and James M. Guldin. "Effects of overstory competition on canopy recruitment patterns of naturally regenerated longleaf pine on two site types." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 7 (2020): 624–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0343.

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Recent interest in continuous cover forest management of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems raises questions of long-term sustainability because of uncertainty in rates of canopy recruitment of longleaf pine trees. We destructively sampled 130 naturally regenerated, midstory longleaf pines across an 11 300 ha, second-growth longleaf pine landscape in southwestern Georgia, United States, to reconstruct individual tree height growth patterns. We tested effects of stand density (using a competition index) and site quality (based on two site classifications: mesic and xeric) on heigh

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Stankova, Tatiana V., and Ulises Diéguez-Aranda. "Dynamic Structural Stand Density Management Diagrams for even-aged natural stands and plantations." Forest Ecology and Management 458 (February 2020): 117733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117733.

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Matisone, Ilze, Juris Katrevičs, Diāna Jansone, et al. "Ground Cover Vegetation in Differently Managed Hemiboreal Norway Spruce Stands: Plantation vs. Natural Regeneration." Diversity 16, no. 4 (2024): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16040203.

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Forest plantations, which have a simplified structure and composition, are becoming more frequent, raising concerns regarding their contribution to biological diversity in highly managed landscapes. The biological value of a stand has been related to stand age, although stand properties, which are often intercorrelated with it, yet are manageable, might be of primary importance. The relationships between stand properties (age, structure and composition) and ground cover vegetation, as a proxy for biological value, were assessed in Norway spruce stands with contrasting land use history (low-den

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Tamarit Urias, Juan Carlos, Melchor Rodríguez Acosta, and Israel Lerma Serna. "SIIMADER: Sistema Informático Inifap para Manejar la Densidad de Rodales." e-CUCBA 9, no. 17 (2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi17.223.

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Density management diagrams (DMD) are tools for diagnose the level of stand competence and for prescribing thinning programs.However, they are perceived as complex, so their acceptance and use is limited. To overcome this idea, DMDs are required to bescaled to an intuitive and interactive level to facilitate their practical use by foresters. The objective was to design and develop anonline computer application (CA) that reproduces DMDs based on the Reineke and Yoda functions to provide operational andinteractive functionality to users in the diagnosis and prescription of thinning as intermedia

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Steckel, Mathias, W. Keith Moser, Miren del Río, and Hans Pretzsch. "Implications of Reduced Stand Density on Tree Growth and Drought Susceptibility: A Study of Three Species under Varying Climate." Forests 11, no. 6 (2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060627.

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A higher frequency of increasingly severe droughts highlights the need for short-term measures to adapt existing forests to climate change. The maintenance of reduced stand densities has been proposed as a promising silvicultural tool for mitigating drought stress. However, the relationship between stand density and tree drought susceptibility remains poorly understood, especially across ecological gradients. Here, we analysed the effect of reduced stand density on tree growth and growth sensitivity, as well as on short-term drought responses (resistance, recovery, and resilience) of Scots pin

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Farooq, Taimoor, Wenjing Wu, Mulualem Tigabu, et al. "Growth, Biomass Production and Root Development of Chinese fir in Relation to Initial Planting Density." Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030236.

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Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) is a commercially valuable timber species that is widely planted in southern China and accounts for 6.1% of the global plantation forests. However, appropriate planting density that ensures high plantation productivity is largely unexplored in this species. The aim of the study was to examine tree growth, biomass production, and its allocation among different organs in relation to initial planting density, and to examine whether planting density has an impact on root development. Mortality, diameter at breast height and tree-height of all trees

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Long, James N. "A Practical Approach to Density Management." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 1 (1985): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61023-1.

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Density management is the control of growing stock, through initial spacing or subsequent thinning, to achieve specific management objectives. A biologically sound and easily applied approach to density management is illustrated for a hypothetical, even-aged stand under two contrasting types of management objectives.

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Clement, Segun A. "MODELING SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIP AND THINNING REGIME FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TECTONA GRANDIS STANDS IN ADO TEAK PLANTATION, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2022): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0602-1705.

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Tectona grandis is used for sawn timber, poles, cutting boards, indoor flooring, as a veneer for indoor finishing, medicinal products and shade in Ijan community. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the limits of the possible maximum density the stands can sustain that would lead actions to control competition and growing space. A total of thirty (30) temporary sample plots of 400 m2 in an even-aged stands of the plantation was laid. Density, quadratic mean diameter, height diameter and volume models were processed and estimated. The results showed that model one (1) of the H-D, model thre

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Luguza, Solveiga, Guntars Snepsts, Janis Donis, et al. "Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine in Hemiboreal Forests in Latvia." Forests 11, no. 2 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020215.

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Continuous cover forestry (CCF) aims to emulate small natural disturbances and take advantage of natural regeneration. To implement these management practices successfully, knowledge of advance regeneration under the canopy in different conditions is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of stand inventory parameters of canopy layer (age, basal area, height, and density) on the probability and density of advance regeneration of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in hemiboreal forests in Latvia. The data were obtai

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Baker, John B., Earl A. Sonnier, and James W. Shrefler. "Integration of Molinate use with Water Management for Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Water-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa)." Weed Science 34, no. 6 (1986): 916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068107.

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Integration of preplant-incorporated molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 4.5 kg ai/ha and a brief postseeding drainage period in water-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL.) gave the best red rice (Oryza sativaL. # ORYSA) control without a significant reduction in cultivar stand density. This combination of practices provided higher cultivar grain yield and lower red rice grain yield than any water management practice alone. Continuous-flood water management provided a substantial reduction in red rice stand density, but it also caused a significant reduction in the cultivar stand

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Atmojo, Aulia, Retno Triyani, Adam Irwansyah Fauzi, Muhammad Ulin Nuha, Meraty Ramadhini, and Arif Rohman. "Model Forest Canopy Density pada Citra SPOT-6 untuk Estimasi Potensi Tegakan Pohon di Kawasan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung Batu Serampok Lampung Selatan." Jurnal Fisika Unand 13, no. 6 (2024): 771–83. https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.13.6.771-783.2024.

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Traditional forest inventory methods for obtaining tree stand data in the Batu Serampok Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL) require significant time and resources. Therefore, remote sensing technology was employed to estimate the potential tree stand density. This study utilized the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from SPOT-6 satellite imagery to assess forest density. Field surveys were conducted to validate the image processing results. Statistical analysis, including correlation and linear regression tests, was performed. Forest de

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Wang, Danmei, Jiping Li, and Tao Tang. "Determining the Optimal Density of Phoebe bournei Plantations Based on Dynamic Programming under Close-to-Nature Management Measures." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020847.

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Close-to-nature management (CTNM) is the most promising option for plantation silviculture and has received widespread attention in recent years. Stand density is a key variable in CTNM, as it directly influences growth and yield. Research for the optimal density that maximizes the total harvest has been ongoing. In this paper, a dynamic programming model was applied to the CTNM of Phoebe bournei plantations for the first time to solve the problem of stand density and target tree density control. This paper took Phoebe bournei plantations in Jindong Forest Farm of Hunan Province as the researc

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Haight, Robert G., Robert A. Monserud, and Jimmie D. Chew. "Optimal Harvesting with Stand Density Targets: Managing Rocky Mountain Conifer Stands for Multiple Forest Outputs." Forest Science 38, no. 3 (1992): 554–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/38.3.554.

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Abstract A solution is presented for the stand management problem of optimizing timber yields (expressed as either present value or volume production) while satisfying constraints intended to meet nontimber management objectives such as deer habitat or visual quality. The constraints are stand density targets formulated exogenously by the forest management staff and are expressed as a simple function relating both the minimum and maximum numbers of trees per acre to quadratic mean diameter. The goal is to find the sequence of diameter-class thinnings that maximizes yield while staying between

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Kolisnyk, Bohdan, Camilla Wellstein, Marcin Czacharowski, Stanisław Drozdowski, and Kamil Bielak. "Contrasting Regeneration Patterns in Abies alba-Dominated Stands: Insights from Structurally Diverse Mountain Forests across Europe." Forests 15, no. 7 (2024): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15071182.

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To maintain the ecosystem resilience to large-scale disturbances in managed forests, it is essential to adhere to the principles of close-to-nature silviculture, adapt practices to the traits of natural forest types, and utilize natural processes, including natural regeneration. This study examines the natural regeneration patterns in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)-dominated forests, analyzing how the stand structure—tree size diversity, species composition, and stand density—affects the regeneration. We analyze the data from four sites in Poland, Germany, and Italy, employing generalized linea

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Heiligmann, Randall B., Eric R. Norland, and Donald E. Hilt. "28-Year-Old Reproduction on Five Cutting Practices in Upland Oak1." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 1 (1985): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.1.17.

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Abstract Knowledge of composition and development of stands following harvesting is prerequisite to forest management decisions. Conventional harvesting in mature upland oaks stands resulted in stands substantially different than the original. Twenty-eight-year-old reproduction following complete clearcutting, commercial clearcutting, diameter-limit cutting, selection cutting, and selection cutting with timber stand improvement indicated that the higher the residual overstory density the lower the frequency, diameter, and basal area of reproduction. Generally the proportion of oak and hickory

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Teeter, Lawrence D., and Jon P. Caulfield. "Stand density management strategies under risk: effects of stochastic prices." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 9 (1991): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-194.

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A method is described for determining optimal economic strategies for density management in loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) stands in the southern United States. A stochastic dynamic programming model employs a price state transition matrix constructed using a first-order conditional cumulative density function for price based on time-series data for national forest pine stumpage in the South. The model also incorporates WTHIN, a pine growth and yield simulator widely used in the South to support analyses of alternative stand management strategies. Results indicate that at current average prices

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Smallidge, Peter J., Ying Han, Donald J. Leopold, and John D. Castello. "Management Implications of Ash Yellows in Northeastern Hardwood Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 3 (1991): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.3.115.

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Abstract This paper identifies management implications for forest stands affected or potentially affected by ash yellows (AshY) based on results from studies on the response of forest structure and composition to AshY and the interrelationship of AshY, drought, and radial growth decline of white ash. Specifically, the synthesis of these studies compares the structure and composition of forests classified as either declining or nondeclining based on patterns of white ash radial growth and identifies the role of AshY in these forests. Data were collected from 41 plots in 6 northeastern states. T

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Binkley, Dan, F. W. Smith, and Y. Son. "Nutrient supply and declines in leaf area and production in lodgepoie pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 4 (1995): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-069.

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In southeastern Wyoming, stand leaf area and production of lodgepoie pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) peak early in stand development and then decline. We tested the hypothesis that these declines followed decreasing nutrient supply and increasing nutrient limitation in older forests. Single-tree fertilization plots in 28 stands were used to test for nutrient limitation with stand age and density. Younger stands (<40 year old) had higher net nitrification and mineralization. These stands showed no significant response to fertilization in either needle fascicle weight or basal area growth. All ol

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