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Journal articles on the topic 'Standard Equilibrium Quantum Systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Venuti, Lorenzo Campos, and Paolo Zanardi. "Theory of temporal fluctuations in isolated quantum systems." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 14 (2015): 1530008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921530008x.

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When an isolated quantum system is driven out of equilibrium, expectation values of general observables start oscillating in time. This paper reviews the general theory of such temporal fluctuations. We first survey some results on the strength of such temporal fluctuations. For example temporal fluctuations are exponentially small in the system's volume for generic systems whereas they fall-off algebraically in integrable systems. We then concentrate on the so-called quench scenario where the system is driven out-of-equilibrium under the application of a sudden perturbation. For sufficiently
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2

Álvarez-Estrada, Ramon F. "Approach to Equilibrium of Statistical Systems: Classical Particles and Quantum Fields Off-Equilibrium." Dynamics 3, no. 2 (2023): 345–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dynamics3020020.

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Non-equilibrium evolution at absolute temperature T and approach to equilibrium of statistical systems in long-time (t) approximations, using both hierarchies and functional integrals, are reviewed. A classical non-relativistic particle in one spatial dimension, subject to a potential and a heat bath (hb), is described by the non-equilibrium reversible Liouville distribution (W) and equation, with a suitable initial condition. The Boltzmann equilibrium distribution Weq generates orthogonal (Hermite) polynomials Hn in momenta. Suitable moments Wn of W (using the Hn’s) yield a non-equilibrium th
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3

Žunkovič, Bojan, Alessandro Silva, and Michele Fabrizio. "Dynamical phase transitions and Loschmidt echo in the infinite-range XY model." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2069 (2016): 20150160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0160.

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We compare two different notions of dynamical phase transitions in closed quantum systems. The first is identified through the time-averaged value of the equilibrium-order parameter, whereas the second corresponds to non-analyticities in the time behaviour of the Loschmidt echo. By exactly solving the dynamics of the infinite-range XY model, we show that in this model non-analyticities of the Loschmidt echo are not connected to standard dynamical phase transitions and are not robust against quantum fluctuations. Furthermore, we show that the existence of either of the two dynamical transitions
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4

FEDOROVA, ANTONINA N., and MICHAEL G. ZEITLIN. "PATTERN FORMATION IN QUANTUM ENSEMBLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 11n13 (2006): 1570–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206033875.

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We present a family of methods, analytical and numerical, which can describe behaviour in (non) equilibrium ensembles, both classical and quantum, especially in the complex systems, where the standard approaches cannot be applied. We demonstrate the creation of nontrivial (meta) stable states (patterns), localized, chaotic, entangled or decoherent, from basic localized modes in various collective models arising from the quantum hierarchy of Wigner-von Neumann-Moyal-Lindblad equations, which are the result of "wignerization" procedure of classical BBGKY hierarchy. We present the explicit descri
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5

Chen, Tyler, and Yu-Chen Cheng. "Numerical computation of the equilibrium-reduced density matrix for strongly coupled open quantum systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 6 (2022): 064106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099761.

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We describe a numerical algorithm for approximating the equilibrium-reduced density matrix and the effective (mean force) Hamiltonian for a set of system spins coupled strongly to a set of bath spins when the total system (system + bath) is held in canonical thermal equilibrium by weak coupling with a “super-bath”. Our approach is a generalization of now standard typicality algorithms for computing the quantum expectation value of observables of bare quantum systems via trace estimators and Krylov subspace methods. In particular, our algorithm makes use of the fact that the reduced system dens
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6

Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen, and Jochen Gemmer. "A Framework for Sequential Measurements and General Jarzynski Equations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 75, no. 3 (2020): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2019-0272.

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AbstractWe formulate a statistical model of two sequential measurements and prove a so-called J-equation that leads to various diversifications of the well-known Jarzynski equation including the Crooks dissipation theorem. Moreover, the J-equation entails formulations of the Second Law going back to Wolfgang Pauli. We illustrate this by an analytically solvable example of sequential discrete position–momentum measurements accompanied with the increase of Shannon entropy. The standard form of the J-equation extends the domain of applications of the standard quantum Jarzynski equation in two res
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7

Rodríguez, Antonio, Alessandro Pluchino, Ugur Tirnakli, Andrea Rapisarda, and Constantino Tsallis. "Nonextensive Footprints in Dissipative and Conservative Dynamical Systems." Symmetry 15, no. 2 (2023): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020444.

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Despite its centennial successes in describing physical systems at thermal equilibrium, Boltzmann–Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics have exhibited, in the last several decades, several flaws in addressing out-of-equilibrium dynamics of many nonlinear complex systems. In such circumstances, it has been shown that an appropriate generalization of the BG theory, known as nonextensive statistical mechanics and based on nonadditive entropies, is able to satisfactorily handle wide classes of anomalous emerging features and violations of standard equilibrium prescriptions, such as ergodicity, mixing,
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8

GORDON, GOREN, NOAM EREZ, and GERSHON KURIZKI. "ZENO HEATING AND ANTI-ZENO COOLING BY FREQUENT QUANTUM MEASUREMENTS." International Journal of Quantum Information 07, supp01 (2009): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974990900475x.

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We study disturbances of thermal equilibrium between two-level systems (TLS) and a bath by frequent and brief quantum measurements of the TLS energy-states. If the measurements induce either the Zeno or the anti-Zeno regime, namely, the slowdown or speedup of the TLS relaxation, then the resulting entropy and temperature of both the system and the bath are found to be completely determined by the measurement rate, and unrelated to what is expected by standard thermodynamical rules that hold for markovian baths. These anomalies allow for very fast control heating, cooling and state-purification
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9

Abul-Magd, A. Y. "Superstatistics in Random Matrix Theory." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 17, no. 2 (2012): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol17iss2pp157-169.

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Random matrix theory (RMT) provides a successful model for quantum systems, whose classical counterpart has chaotic dynamics. It is based on two assumptions: (1) matrix-element independence, and (2) base invariance. The last decade witnessed several attempts to extend RMT to describe quantum systems with mixed regular-chaotic dynamics. Most of the proposed generalizations keep the first assumption and violate the second. Recently, several authors have presented other versions of the theory that keep base invariance at the expense of allowing correlations between matrix elements. This is achiev
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10

Luo, Yu-Chen, and Xiao-Peng Li. "Quantum simulation of interacting fermions." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 22 (2022): 226701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20221756.

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Fermions are basic building blocks in the standard model. Interactions among these elementary particles determine how they assemble and consequently form various states of matter in our nature. Simulating fermionic degrees of freedom is also a central problem in condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry, which is crucial to understanding high-temperature superconductivity, quantum magnetism and molecular structure and functionality. However, simulating interacting fermions by classical computing generically face the minus sign problem, encountering the exponential computation complexity.
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11

Bernard, Denis, and Tony Jin. "Solution to the Quantum Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process: The Continuous Case." Communications in Mathematical Physics 384, no. 2 (2021): 1141–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-04087-x.

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AbstractThe quantum symmetric simple exclusion process (Q-SSEP) is a model for quantum stochastic dynamics of fermions hopping along the edges of a graph with Brownian noisy amplitudes and driven out-of-equilibrium by injection-extraction processes at a few vertices. We present a solution for the invariant probability measure of the one dimensional Q-SSEP in the infinite size limit by constructing the steady correlation functions of the system density matrix and quantum expectation values. These correlation functions code for a rich structure of fluctuating quantum correlations and coherences.
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12

Trushechkin, A. S., M. Merkli, J. D. Cresser, and J. Anders. "Open quantum system dynamics and the mean force Gibbs state." AVS Quantum Science 4, no. 1 (2022): 012301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0073853.

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The dynamical convergence of a system to the thermal distribution, or Gibbs state, is a standard assumption across all of the physical sciences. The Gibbs state is determined just by temperature and energies of the system. However, at decreasing system sizes, i.e., for nanoscale and quantum systems, the interaction with their environments is not negligible. The question then arises: Is the system's steady state still the Gibbs state? If not, how may the steady state depend on the interaction details? Here, we provide an overview of recent progress on answering these questions. We expand on the
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13

Carrington, M. E., R. Kobes, G. Kunstatter, D. Pickering, and E. Vaz. "Equilibration in an interacting field theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 9 (2002): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-065.

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We use a combination of perturbation theory and numerical techniques to study the equilibration of two interacting fields that are initially at thermal equilibrium at different temperatures. Using standard rules of quantum field theory, we examine the master equations that describe the time evolution of the distribution functions for the two coupled systems. By making a few reasonable assumptions we reduce the resulting coupled integral/differential equations to a pair of differential equations that can be solved numerically relatively easily and which give physically sensible results. PACS No
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14

Purkayastha, Archak, Giacomo Guarnieri, Steve Campbell, Javier Prior, and John Goold. "Periodically refreshed quantum thermal machines." Quantum 6 (September 8, 2022): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-09-08-801.

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We introduce unique class of cyclic quantum thermal machines (QTMs) which can maximize their performance at the finite value of cycle duration τ where they are most irreversible. These QTMs are based on single-stroke thermodynamic cycles realized by the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) of the so-called Periodically Refreshed Baths (PReB) process. We find that such QTMs can interpolate between standard collisional QTMs, which consider repeated interactions with single-site environments, and autonomous QTMs operated by simultaneous coupling to multiple macroscopic baths. We discuss
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15

Hangleiter, Dominik, Ingo Roth, Daniel Nagaj, and Jens Eisert. "Easing the Monte Carlo sign problem." Science Advances 6, no. 33 (2020): eabb8341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8341.

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Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are the gold standard for studying equilibrium properties of quantum many-body systems. However, in many interesting situations, QMC methods are faced with a sign problem, causing the severe limitation of an exponential increase in the runtime of the QMC algorithm. In this work, we develop a systematic, generally applicable, and practically feasible methodology for easing the sign problem by efficiently computable basis changes and use it to rigorously assess the sign problem. Our framework introduces measures of non-stoquasticity that—as we demonstrate analyt
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16

Campaioli, Francesco, and Jared H. Cole. "Exciton transport in amorphous polymers and the role of morphology and thermalisation." New Journal of Physics 23, no. 11 (2021): 113038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac37c7.

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Abstract Understanding the transport mechanism of electronic excitations in conjugated polymers is key to advancing organic optoelectronic applications, such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes and flexible electronics. While crystalline polymers can be studied using solid-state techniques based on lattice periodicity, the characterisation of amorphous polymers is hindered by an intermediate regime of disorder and the associated lack of symmetries. To overcome these hurdles we have developed a reduced state quantum master equation approach based on the Merrifield exciton formalism. T
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17

Dubey, Ritesh Kumar, V. J. Menon, M. K. Pandey, and D. N. Tripathi. "Entropy Maximization, Cutoff Distribution, and Finite Stellar Masses." Advances in Astronomy 2008 (2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/870804.

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Conventional equilibrium statistical mechanics of open gravitational systems is known to be problematical. We first recall that spherical stars/galaxies acquire unbounded radii, become infinitely massive, and evaporate away continuously if one uses the standard Maxwellian distributionfB(which maximizes the usual Boltzmann-Shannon entropy and hence has a tail extending to infinity). Next, we show that these troubles disappear automatically if we employ the exact most probable distributionf(which maximizes the combinatorial entropy and hence possesses a sharp cutoff tail). Finally, if astronomic
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18

SHIK, ALEXANDER, HARRY E. RUDA, and SLAVA V. ROTKIN. "ELECTROSTATICS OF NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES: APPLICATION FOR FIELD–EFFECT DEVICES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 04 (2006): 937–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406004090.

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We present a quantum and classical theory of electronic devices with one–dimensional (1D) channels made of a single carbon nanotube or a semiconductor nanowire. An essential component of the device theory is a self–consistent model for electrostatics of 1D systems. It is demonstrated that specific screening properties of 1D wires result in a charge distribution in the channel different from that in bulk devices. The drift–diffusion model has been applied for studying transport in a long channel 1D field–effect transistor. A unified self–consistent description is given for both a semiconductor
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19

Ischenko, A. A., Y. I. Tarasov, and L. Schäfer. "STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS OF FREE MOLECULES AND CONDENSED STATE OF MATTER. Part II. TRANSIENT STRUCTURES IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS." Fine Chemical Technologies 12, no. 4 (2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-4-5-35.

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Basic knowledge of mankind so far relates to the description of electrons and atoms in the material in a state of equilibrium, where the behavior changes slowly over time. The electron diffraction with a high temporal and space resolution has opened the possibility of direct observation of the processes occurring in the transient state of the substance (molecular movie). Here it is necessary to provide a temporary resolution of the order of 100 fs, which corresponds to the transition of the system through the energy barrier of the potential surface, which describes the chemical reaction - the
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20

Leonardos, Stefanos, and Georgios Piliouras. "Exploration-Exploitation in Multi-Agent Learning: Catastrophe Theory Meets Game Theory." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 13 (2021): 11263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17343.

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Exploration-exploitation is a powerful and practical tool in multi-agent learning (MAL), however, its effects are far from understood. To make progress in this direction, we study a smooth analogue of Q-learning. We start by showing that our learning model has strong theoretical justification as an optimal model for studying exploration-exploitation. Specifically, we prove that smooth Q-learning has bounded regret in arbitrary games for a cost model that explicitly captures the balance between game and exploration costs and that it always converges to the set of quantal-response equilibria (QR
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21

ZASPA, Yurii. "HYDRODYNAMIC-WAVE CALIBRATION OF POTENTIALS IN MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS: NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS AND COHERENCE, COLLAPSE, EXPANSION AND EXCHANGE INTERACTION OF INERTIAL DISSIPATIVE-COLLECTOR DISTURBANCES IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM MEDIA IN THE COMPLEX SPACE. SPIRAL TURBULENCE AND COHERENT STRUCTURES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TIME". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, № 6(1) (2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6-89-97.

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The results of the hydrodynamic-wave calibration of the potentials in Maxwell’s equations and their analogs for the gravitational field, which combine Euler’s hydrodynamics, Maxwell’s electrodynamics, and d’Alembert’s wave apparatus with quantum principles, are given. The nonlinearity of the equations for the vector-potential with the velocity dimension ensures the interrelationship of different field forms and the cascade transport of energy by the disturbance spectrum. The obtained solutions of these equations for inertial dissipative-collector disturbances, which are characterized
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22

Rotter, Ingrid. "Equilibrium States in Open Quantum Systems." Entropy 20, no. 6 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20060441.

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23

Kozyrev, S. V., A. A. Mironov, A. E. Teretenkov, and I. V. Volovich. "Flows in non-equilibrium quantum systems and quantum photosynthesis." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 20, no. 04 (2017): 1750021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025717500217.

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A three-level quantum system interacting with non-equilibrium environment is investigated. The stationary state of the system is found (both for non-coherent and coherent environment) and relaxation and decoherence to the stationary state is described. The stationary state of the system will be non-equilibrium and will generate flows. We describe the dependence of the flows on the state of the environment. We also discuss application of this model to the problem of quantum photosynthesis, in particular, to the description of flows of excitons and generation of excitonic coherences.
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24

Calabrese, Pasquale. "Non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 90 (2015): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159008001.

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25

Brüssel, Marc, Eva Perlt, Sebastian B. C. Lehmann, Michael von Domaros, and Barbara Kirchner. "Binary systems from quantum cluster equilibrium theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 135, no. 19 (2011): 194113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3662071.

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26

Eisert, J., M. Friesdorf, and C. Gogolin. "Quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium." Nature Physics 11, no. 2 (2015): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3215.

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27

Monnai, T. "Deviation from equilibrium in macroscopic quantum systems." Physica Scripta T151 (November 1, 2012): 014043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2012/t151/014043.

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28

Fannes, M., and A. Verbeure. "Equilibrium conditions for coupled classical-quantum systems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 20, no. 17 (1987): 6037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/20/17/036.

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29

Garrido, Pedro L., Pablo Hurtado, Daniel Manzano, and Francisco de los Santos. "Quantum systems in and out of equilibrium." European Physical Journal Special Topics 227, no. 3-4 (2018): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2018-800100-6.

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30

Bedeaux, D., and P. Mazur. "Mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics for quantum systems." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 298, no. 1-2 (2001): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00223-0.

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31

Anza, Fabio. "New Equilibrium Ensembles for Isolated Quantum Systems." Entropy 20, no. 10 (2018): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100744.

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The unitary dynamics of isolated quantum systems does not allow a pure state to thermalize. Because of that, if an isolated quantum system equilibrates, it will do so to the predictions of the so-called “diagonal ensemble” ρ DE . Building on the intuition provided by Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle, in this paper we present a novel technique to generate progressively better approximations to ρ DE . As an example, we write down a hierarchical set of ensembles which can be used to describe the equilibrium physics of small isolated quantum systems, going beyond the “thermal ansatz” of Gibbs ens
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32

Li, Hong-Rong, Pei Zhang, Hong Gao, Wen-Ting Bi, M. D. Alamri, and Fu-Li Li. "Non-Equilibrium Quantum Entanglement in Biological Systems." Chinese Physics Letters 29, no. 4 (2012): 047101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/29/4/047101.

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33

Špička, Václav, Peter D. Keefe, and Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen. "Non-equilibrium dynamics: quantum systems and foundations of quantum mechanics." European Physical Journal Special Topics 227, no. 15-16 (2019): 1837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2019-900018-7.

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34

Reiss, Kevin A., and David K. Campbell. "The Metastable State of Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou Models." Entropy 25, no. 2 (2023): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020300.

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Classical statistical mechanics has long relied on assumptions such as the equipartition theorem to understand the behavior of the complicated systems of many particles. The successes of this approach are well known, but there are also many well-known issues with classical theories. For some of these, the introduction of quantum mechanics is necessary, e.g., the ultraviolet catastrophe. However, more recently, the validity of assumptions such as the equipartition of energy in classical systems was called into question. For instance, a detailed analysis of a simplified model for blackbody radia
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35

Suzuki, Masuo. "Thermo Field Dynamics in Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Interacting Quantum Systems." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54, no. 12 (1985): 4483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.54.4483.

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36

Brunelli, M., A. Xuereb, A. Ferraro, G. De Chiara, N. Kiesel, and M. Paternostro. "Out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics of quantum optomechanical systems." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 3 (2015): 035016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/035016.

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37

Resnick, Andrew. "Interacting systems far from equilibrium: quantum kinetic theory." Contemporary Physics 59, no. 3 (2018): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2018.1464515.

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38

Mehboudi, Mohammad, Anna Sanpera, and Juan M. R. Parrondo. "Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for non-equilibrium quantum systems." Quantum 2 (May 24, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-24-66.

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The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a central result in statistical physics, both for classical and quantum systems. It establishes a relationship between the linear response of a system under a time-dependent perturbation and time correlations of certain observables in equilibrium. Here we derive a generalization of the theorem which can be applied to any Markov quantum system and makes use of the symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD). There are several important benefits from our approach. First, such a formulation clarifies the relation between classical and quantum versions of th
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39

De Nicola, S., B. Doyon, and M. J. Bhaseen. "Stochastic approach to non-equilibrium quantum spin systems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 52, no. 5 (2019): 05LT02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aaf9be.

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40

Rahdar, Z., and B. Lari. "Open quantum systems and thermal non-equilibrium processes." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 17 (2020): 2050194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920501948.

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In this paper, we investigate the effects of convexity and concavity of states on entanglement of the system under thermal non-equilibrium condition. In this regard, we consider a system consisting of two spin 1/2 particles with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction that follows the Tsallis statistics.Also, according to the desired statistics, the effect of environment parameters and the convexity or concavity of the input states on the output behavior of the SWAP gate is obtained.
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41

Stinchcombe, R. B. "Stochastic non-equilibrium systems and quantum spin models." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 224, no. 1-2 (1996): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(95)00316-9.

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42

Riera-Campeny, Andreu, Maria Moreno-Cardoner, and Anna Sanpera. "Time crystallinity in open quantum systems." Quantum 4 (May 25, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-05-25-270.

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Time crystals are genuinely non-equilibrium quantum phases of matter that break time-translational symmetry. While in non-equilibrium closed systems time crystals have been experimentally realized, it remains an open question whether or not such a phase survives when systems are coupled to an environment. Although dissipation caused by the coupling to a bath may stabilize time crystals in some regimes, the introduction of incoherent noise may also destroy the time crystalline order. Therefore, the mechanisms that stabilize a time crystal in open and closed systems are not necessarily the same.
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43

Cai, Zi. "Symmetries and effect of time dimension in non-equilibrium quantum matter." Acta Physica Sinica 70, no. 23 (2021): 230310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20211741.

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Non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems have attracted considerable attention in the past decades. The scope of the research of this kind of novel system involves interdisciplinary research of condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics, quantum information and quantum computation, as well as the non-equilibrium statistical physics. The non-equilibrium phenomena emerging from the aforementioned quantum systems can exhibit rich and universal behaviors, which have far from being well understood due to the novelties and complexities of these systems, and hence the quantum man
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44

Brody, Dorje C., Daniel W. Hook, and Lane P. Hughston. "Quantum phase transitions without thermodynamic limits." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2084 (2007): 2021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1865.

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A new microcanonical equilibrium state is introduced for quantum systems with finite-dimensional state spaces. Equilibrium is characterized by a uniform distribution on a level surface of the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. The distinguishing feature of the proposed equilibrium state is that the corresponding density of states is a continuous function of the energy, and hence thermodynamic functions are well defined for finite quantum systems. The density of states, however, is not in general an analytic function. It is demonstrated that generic quantum systems therefore exhibit second-o
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45

Carollo, Angelo, Bernardo Spagnolo, and Davide Valenti. "Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Quantum Systems, Criticality and Metastability." Proceedings 12, no. 1 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019012043.

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We summarise here some relevant results related to non-equilibrium quantum systems. We characterise quantum phase transitions (QPT) in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems through a novel approach based on geometrical and topological properties of mixed quantum systems. We briefly describe results related to non-perturbative studies of the bistable dynamics of a quantum particle coupled to an environment. Finally, we shortly summarise recent studies on the generation of solitons in current-biased long Josephson junctions.
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46

Kallay, Nikola, Tomislav Glušac, Tajana Preočanin, and Ana Čop. "Standard states and equilibrium in ionic micellar systems." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 347, no. 1-3 (2009): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.12.026.

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47

Dowling, Neil, Pedro Figueroa-Romero, Felix A. Pollock, Philipp Strasberg, and Kavan Modi. "Relaxation of Multitime Statistics in Quantum Systems." Quantum 7 (June 1, 2023): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-06-01-1027.

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Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides powerful tools to understand physics at the macroscale. Yet, the question remains how this can be justified based on a microscopic quantum description. Here, we extend the ideas of pure state quantum statistical mechanics, which focus on single time statistics, to show the equilibration of isolated quantum processes. Namely, we show that most multitime observables for sufficiently large times cannot distinguish a nonequilibrium process from an equilibrium one, unless the system is probed for an extremely large number of times or the observable is part
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48

Esfarjani, Keivan, and Yuan Liang. "Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Lattice Dynamics of Anharmonic Systems." Entropy 24, no. 11 (2022): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111585.

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In this review, motivated by the recent interest in high-temperature materials, we review our recent progress in theories of lattice dynamics in and out of equilibrium. To investigate thermodynamic properties of anharmonic crystals, the self-consistent phonon theory was developed, mainly in the 1960s, for rare gas atoms and quantum crystals. We have extended this theory to investigate the properties of the equilibrium state of a crystal, including its unit cell shape and size, atomic positions and lattice dynamical properties. Using the equation-of-motion method combined with the fluctuation–d
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49

Gyftopoulos, Elias P., and Michael R. von Spakovsky. "Quantum-theoretic Shapes of Constituents of Systems in Various States." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 125, no. 1 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1525245.

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In previous publications, it has been shown that entropy is a measure of the quantum-theoretic shape of the constituents of a system. In this paper, we present examples of quantum-theoretic shapes of some systems each consisting of one unit of a single constituent, in either a stable (thermodynamic) equilibrium state or in states that are not stable equilibrium. The systems that we consider are a structureless particle confined in either a linear box or a square box, and a harmonic oscillator. In general, we find that the shape of each constituent is “smooth”—without ripples—for each thermodyn
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50

Anglés-Castillo, Andreu, Mari Carmen Bañuls, Armando Pérez, and Inés De Vega. "Prethermalization of quantum systems interacting with non-equilibrium environments." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 8 (2020): 083067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aba7f4.

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