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Journal articles on the topic 'Standard glass scales calibration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Sperlich, Peter, Nelly A. M. Uitslag, Jürgen M. Richter, et al. "Development and evaluation of a suite of isotope reference gases for methane in air." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (2016): 3717–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3717-2016.

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Abstract. Measurements from multiple laboratories have to be related to unifying and traceable reference material in order to be comparable. However, such fundamental reference materials are not available for isotope ratios in atmospheric methane, which led to misinterpretations of combined data sets in the past. We developed a method to produce a suite of synthetic CH4-in-air standard gases that can be used to unify methane isotope ratio measurements of laboratories in the atmospheric monitoring community. Therefore, we calibrated a suite of pure methane gases of different methanogenic origin

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2

Lind, Niels C. "Calibration basis for structural glass design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 6 (1987): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-117.

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A design standard for structural glass in the limit state design format is currently being developed under the auspices of the Canadian General Standards Board. The standard will be calibrated to a target level of reliability expressed in terms of a reliability index. The selection of this reliability level presents some special problems because the loading is dynamic, the structural response is geometrically nonlinear, and the strength is highly dependent on time, size, and loading history. Selection of safety level so as to achieve a social and economic optimum is described. The optimum reli

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3

Takahashi, Akira. "Measurement of Long-Term Dimensional Stability of Glass Ceramics Using a High-Precision Line Scale Calibration System." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (2011): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0120.

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Length measurement was conducted for two years on glass ceramics, Zerodur®and Clearceram®, which have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and on synthetic quartz. Commercially available glass ceramics were used for evaluating long-term stability, or secular change. Synthetic quartz ensured longterm length measurement stability. Two line scales of 300 mm length made of each material for a total of six line scales were simultaneously manufactured and measured to evaluate dimensional stability variation of the materials over time. Measurements were conducted with a line scale calibration syst

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Ding, Lihua, Guang Yang, Fang Xia, et al. "A LA-ICP-MS sulphide calibration standard based on a chalcogenide glass." Mineralogical Magazine 75, no. 2 (2011): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2011.075.2.279.

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AbstractThe accurate measurement of trace element concentrations in natural sulphides by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been limited by the lack of matrix-matched calibration standards. The synthesis of a standard, IMER-1, by incorporating four minor and 34 trace elements into a chalcogenide glass matrix Ge28Sb12S60is reported here. Chemical analysis by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), LA-ICP-MS, solution ICP-MS, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) confirmed the excellent homogeneity of major elements (1-σ rela

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5

Etz, Edgar S., Wilbur S. Hurst, Steven J. Choquette, and Douglas H. Blackburn. "Chromium-Doped Luminescent Glasses for Raman Intensity Calibration with 785 nm Laser Excitation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026878.

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In work reported previously we, and the McCreery Group at Ohio State University, have proposed the use of glass luminescence standards for the calibration of the Raman spectral intensity. We now have a program underway that is directed at the development of such secondary standards for the calibration of the Raman instrument response function. The first Raman intensity standard to be certified and issued by NIST this year will be for the relative intensity calibration of Raman spectra excited at 785 nm. in general, for any laser excitation wavelength, the calibration procedure is based on the

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6

Meeker, G. P., J. E. Taggart, and S. A. Wilson. "A Basalt Glass Standard for Multiple Micro Analytical Techniques." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600021322.

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Well-characterized calibration standards for microanalytical applications are difficult to obtain, often poorly characterized, and often not homogeneous from piece to piece. In addition, many microanalytical standards are available only in very small quantities making inter-laboratory comparisons difficult. To further complicate the situation, destructive microbeam techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser source mass spectrometries (LSMS) require larger quantities of material than nondestructive techniques.The U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division is in the proce

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7

Kroon, Anna, Matthieu De Schipper, and Stefan Aarninkhof. "QUANTIFICATION OF PARAMETER AND CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTY IN MORPHOLOGICAL MODELLING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.27.

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There are different sources of uncertainty in morphological modeling on time scales of years. The standard deterministic modelling approach does not provide any information on the amount of uncertainty contained in a forecast. This lack of information could provide a false sense of accuracy and skill. Quantitative insight in these prediction uncertainties is therefore of crucial importance for decision making in coastal engineering and management.

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8

Aguilera, J. A., and C. Aragón. "Analysis of rocks by CSigma laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with fused glass sample preparation." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 1 (2017): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00360e.

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9

Choquette, Steven J., David L. Duewer, Leonard M. Hanssen, and Edward A. Early. "Standard Reference Material 2036 Near-Infrared Reflection Wavelength Standard." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 4 (2005): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053641414.

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Standard Reference Material 2036 (SRM 2036) is a certified transfer standard intended for the verification and calibration of the wavelength/wavenumber scale of near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers operating in diffuse or trans-reflectance mode. SRM 2036 Near-Infrared Wavelength/Wavenumber Reflection Standard is a combination of a rare earth oxide glass of a composition similar to that of SRM 2035 Near-Infrared Transmission Wavelength/Wavenumber Standard and SRM 2065 Ultraviolet–Visible–Near-Infrared Transmission Wavelength/Wavenumber Standard, but is in physical contact with a piece of sintered

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10

Dilão, Rui, and Joaquim Sainhas. "Validation and Calibration of Models for Reaction–Diffusion Systems." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 06 (1998): 1163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000929.

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Space and time scales are not independent in diffusion. In fact, numerical simulations show that different patterns are obtained when space and time steps (Δx and Δt) are varied independently. On the other hand, anisotropy effects due to the symmetries of the discretization lattice prevent the quantitative calibration of models. We introduce a new class of explicit difference methods for numerical integration of diffusion and reaction–diffusion equations, where the dependence on space and time scales occurs naturally. Numerical solutions approach the exact solution of the continuous diffusion

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11

Wangmaneerat, B., J. A. McGuire, T. M. Niemczyk, D. M. Haaland, and J. H. Linn. "Quantitative Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of Phosphosilicate Glass on Silicon Wafers Using Multivariate Calibration." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 2 (1992): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125546.

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Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) is widely used in the microelectronics industry as a dielectric thin film. Determination of phosphorus concentration in these films is important for quality control. Data are presented here indicating that infrared emission spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration can produce concentration determinations with a precision comparable to that of the electron microprobe reference method. Partial least-squares multivariate calibration methods applied to infrared emission spectra of twelve calibration standards of PSG films on silicon wafers at 225°C yielded a

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12

Giniotis, Vytautas, Mindaugas Rybokas, and Petras Petroškevičius. "INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ACCURACY OF ANGLE CALIBRATION." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636644.

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Technical possibilities to create equipment for the calibration of flat angles are discussed in the article. The angular standard measure, the radian, has not been realised as a standard unit until now. Nevertheless, the unit of angular measure in degrees is used as the geometric measure of length in geodesy, machine engineering and other branches of industry – by multiangular prisms – polygons with an autocollimator, rotary tables, circular scales, etc. It should be noted that these angle measures are calibrated against the upper level measures (etalons) only at the several intervals dependin

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13

Bi, Melody, M. Antonio Ruiz, Benjamin W. Smith, and James D. Winefordner. "Study of Solution Calibration of NIST Soil and Glass Samples by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 5 (2000): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001950030.

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A method for the determination of trace element concentrations by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using solution calibration and an internal standard has been studied and evaluated by analyzing NIST soil and glass samples. In most cases, the measured element concentrations were within ±10% of the certified values. The internal standard was chosen on the basis of investigations of the proper signal intensity of certain isotopes and the homogeneity of their distribution in the sample. For soil samples, a matrix element, Mg, was chosen to be the internal stand

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14

Eckerle, K. L., S. Chang, and J. J. Hsia. "Calibration in 1976 and 1983 of didymium glass filters issued as NBS standard reference materials." Color Research & Application 10, no. 1 (1985): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080100108.

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15

Knyaz, V. A., D. G. Stepanyants, and O. Y. Tsareva. "Optical system calibration for 3D measurements in a hydrodynamic tunnel." Computer Optics 45, no. 1 (2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-741.

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For non-contact 3D measurements in hydrodynamic tunnels by photogrammetry methods, it is necessary to refine the standard model of image formation in the camera by taking into account an effect of refraction of rays at the boundaries of optical media, namely, at an air-glass boundary and glass-working fluid boundary. The article presents a model of image formation for shooting in a working environment that includes various optical media and methods for calibrating an optical system for 3D measurements of the coordinates of scene objects, while taking into account the real boundaries of the opt

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16

Stephan, Dominik. "Glass-Insulated Bonding Wire Scales to Support advances in Miniaturization." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (2012): 000414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-tp45.

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The semiconductor industry is facing a major challenge today – it must adapt to the constant need to miniaturize, and in order to accommodate this major trend the entire ecosystem must adapt and evolve. While the current standard materials and tools make it possible to scale down to a certain level, it is simply not enough. Although there are efforts to make smaller wires, wire makers, wire drawing equipment and tool makers are working toward a boundary of existing methods. When wire diameter is successfully reduced, more issues correlated with wire uniformity and production control of the low

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17

Vartuli, C. B., F. A. Stevie, L. A. Giannuzzi, et al. "Calibration Method for Elemental Quantification." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035170.

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Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) is generally calibrated for quantification using elemental standards. This can introduce errors when quantifying non-elemental samples and does not provide an accurate detection limit. In addition, variations between analysis tools can lead to values that differ considerably, especially for trace elements. By creating a standard with an exact trace composition, many of the errors inherent in EDS quantification measurements can be eliminated.The standards are created by high dose ion implantation. For ions implanted into silicon, a dose of 1E16 cm-2 results

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18

Wangmaneerat, B., T. M. Niemczyk, and D. M. Haaland. "Determination of Temperature and Composition of Phosphosilicate Glass Thin Films from Infrared Emission Spectral Data." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 10 (1992): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370292789619133.

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Multivariate calibration methods were combined with full-spectrum IR emission data to determine the temperature and phosphorus (P) content of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) thin films on silicon wafers. The 12 PSG calibration samples varied in phosphorus content across the range of 1 to 6 wt %, and sample temperatures ranged from 119 to 225°C. The multivariate partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm was applied to both single-beam and emittance spectral data over the range of 450 to 1600 cm−1. The predictive abilities of the PLS models were obtained from the standard errors of prediction (SEP) calc

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19

Hernández-Vásquez, José Daniel, Cristian Pedraza-Yepes, Ronald Barrios-Castillo, Mauro Castañeda- Escorcia, and Jorge González-Coneo. "Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments Calibration: Parametric Methods for Outliers Assessments." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, no. 5 (2020): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.135.20.

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In the experimental calibration processes, several error of measure can be obtained. Usually, these values are called as outliers. The outliers impact in the instruments’ metrological reliability and, consequently, in the industrial processes’ quality control. In specific terms, for mass metrology, the outliers are extremely critic, due to sensibility of technology used for this industry, i.e.: non-automatic weighing instruments (scales). The EURAMET/cg-18/v.02 is the international standard that defined procedure and tests for to assessment the metrological reliability of scales, however, a st

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20

Réjou-Méchain, M., H. C. Muller-Landau, M. Detto, et al. "Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks." Biogeosciences 11, no. 23 (2014): 6827–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6827-2014.

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Abstract. Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties in the global carbon budget and to facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Though broad-scale mapping is based primarily on remote sensing data, the accuracy of resulting forest carbon stock estimates depends critically on the quality of field measurements and calibration procedures. The mismatch in spatial scales between field inventory plots and larger pixels of current and planned remote sensing products for

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Wang, Jintao, Xiang Liu, Wencai Shi, and Changhong Xu. "A Fully Automatic Calibration System for Hydrometers in NIM." MAPAN 36, no. 2 (2021): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-020-00426-w.

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AbstractHydrometers are widely used in industry for liquid density measurement. It is important to achieve rapid and high accuracy calibration for hydrometers. Based on the Archimedes principle, a fully automatic hydrometer calibration system in NIM was designed using Cuckow’s method. The liquid density of n-tridecane (C13H28)is calibrated with 441 g high-purity fused silica ring as the solid density standard. The buoyancy of hydrometer is measured by static weighing system with resolution 0.01 mg. The alignment between liquid surface and hydrometer scale was achieved by the lifting platform w

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22

Irwing, Paul, Tom Booth, and Mark Batey. "An Investigation of the Factor Structure of the 16PF, Version 5." Journal of Individual Differences 35, no. 1 (2014): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000125.

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In order to examine its higher-order factor structure, we applied confirmatory factor and invariance analysis to item level data from the US standardization sample of the 16PF5, divided into a calibration sample (N = 5,130) and a validation sample (N = 5,131). Using standard assessments of model fit, all primary factors displayed good to excellent model fit, thus suggesting the scales to be broadly unidimensional. Results indicated a drop in model fit in both the structural and configurally invariant second order models, suggesting some level of misspecification in the global scales of Extrave

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23

Réjou-Méchain, M., H. C. Muller-Landau, M. Detto, et al. "Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 4 (2014): 5711–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-5711-2014.

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Abstract. Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties in the global carbon budget and to facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+. Though broad scale mapping is based primarily on remote sensing data, the accuracy of resulting forest carbon stock estimates depends critically on the quality of field measurements and calibration procedures. The mismatch in spatial scales between field inventory plots and larger pixels of current and planned remote sensing products for forest biomass mapping is of particular concern, as it has the

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24

Dávila-Kurbán, Federico, Ariel G. Sánchez, Marcelo Lares, and Andrés N. Ruiz. "Improved two-point correlation function estimates using glass-like distributions as a reference sample." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no. 4 (2021): 4667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1622.

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ABSTRACT All estimators of the two-point correlation function are based on a random catalogue, a set of points with no intrinsic clustering following the selection function of a survey. High-accuracy estimates require the use of large random catalogues, which imply a high computational cost. We propose to replace the standard random catalogues by glass-like point distributions or glass catalogues whose power spectrum P(k) ∝ k4 exhibits significantly less power on scales larger than the mean interparticle separation than a Poisson distribution with the same number of points. We show that these

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25

Balparda, Kepa, Tatiana Herrera-Chalarca, Melissa Cano-Bustamante, Tatiana Gómez-González, and María Alejandra Nicholls-Molina. "Rasch development and validation of a new faces scale for measuring pain, and its comparison with a gold standard: the Balparda–Herrera Pain Scale." Pain Management 11, no. 6 (2021): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2021-0005.

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Aim: Faces pain scales are widely used to measure pain. So far, no faces pain scale has ever been constructed by Rasch modeling. Hence the authors aimed to construct a new scale by this method. Methods: Rasch modeling was used to provide an initial calibration and development of the ‘Balparda–Herrera Pain Scale’ (BHPS) and this scale was compared with the existing Faces Pain Scale – Revised. The scale was later refined. Results: Both the existing scale and the initial version of the BHPS required category collapsing. Statistical tests demonstrated an excellent concordance between both scales.

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26

Pauli, Alexander, Michael A. Kraus, and Geralt Siebert. "Experimental and numerical investigations on glass fragments: shear-frame testing and calibration of Mohr–Coulomb plasticity model." Glass Structures & Engineering 6, no. 1 (2021): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40940-020-00143-5.

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AbstractThe numerical treatment of the residual load-bearing behavior of laminated glasses (LG) in the post-fractured state is highly topical. Nevertheless, currently only few numerical approaches for an accurate representation of the experimentally observed behavior are existent. In order to model the characteristics of the load-bearing behavior of glass laminates in the post-fractured state, the behavior of the interlayer, the behavior of the glass fragments as well as the bonding between glass and interlayer need to be characterized correctly. This paper focuses on the modeling of the frict

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Li, Wei, Wei Jia Gao, Ping Chen, and Bao Lei Sun. "Quality Determination of Glass/Epoxy Prepreg by NIR Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.77.

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A near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique has been applied for rapid and nondestructive quality determination of glass/epoxy prepreg. Abundant information related with resin and volatile was observed in the NIR spectra of the prepreg cloth. The partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop the calibration models by utilizing several spectral pretreatments combined with different spectra ranges. Some unknown samples were analyzed by the NIR method. The mean absolute predicted errors were 0.32% and 0.214% for the resin content and the volatile content respectively. The results of

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Kelly, James F. "Size distribution standards measured by digital SEM imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139597.

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) certifies several size and size distribution Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) using spherical particles ranging in diameter from submicron to several millimeters. Glass beads are used as SRMs for a variety of laboratory applications. Their broad size distribution and spherical shape make them a model material for calibration of instruments for powder measurements.The glass bead standard (SRM1017b) covering the diameter range from 50μm to 350μm is currently being certified using SEM backscatter electron imaging. The digital images are

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Charvátová Campbell, Anna, Radek Šlesinger, Petr Klapetek, and Vilma Buršíková. "Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements of the Area Function of a Sphero-Conical Tip." Key Engineering Materials 784 (October 2018): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.108.

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With the improvement of depth-sensing instruments nanoindentation has become a standard tool for the study and design of thin film systems, nanocomposites and other nanostructured materials and devices. Mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and hardness can be measured at scales in the depth range of tens of nanometers. The correct determination of the mechanical properties depends on the proper evaluation of the real contact area. While two standard methods are commonly used, indentations on a reference sample and measurement by atomic force microscopy (AFM), there are many caveats a

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Issarangkura Na Ayutthaya, Piyanat, Chonnipa Yeerum, Kullapon Kesonkan, et al. "Lead Assays with Smartphone Detection Using a Monolithic Rod with 4-(2-Pyridylazo) Resorcinol." Molecules 26, no. 18 (2021): 5720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185720.

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A monolithic rod of polyurethane foam–[4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol] (PUF–PAR) as a simple chemical sensor for lead assays with smartphone detection and image processing was developed. With readily available simple apparatus such as a plastic cup and a stirrer rod, the monolithic PUF rod was synthesized in a glass tube. The monolithic PUF–PAR rod could be directly loaded by standard/sample solution without sample preparation. A one-shot image in G/B value from a profile plot in ImageJ for a sample with triplicate results via a single standard calibration approach was obtained. A linear single s

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Jardine, K. J., W. M. Henderson, T. E. Huxman, L. Abrell, and T. Shartsis. "Dynamic Solution Injection: a new method for preparing pptv-ppbv standard atmospheres of volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 4 (2010): 3047–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-3047-2010.

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Abstract. Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and thermal desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) allow for absolute quantification of a wide range of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with concentrations in the ppbv to pptv range. Although often neglected, routine calibration is necessary for accurate quantification of VOCs by PTR-MS and GC-MS. Several gas calibration methods currently exist, including compressed gas cylinders, permeation tubes, diffusion tubes, and liquid injection. While each method has its advantages and limitations, no single te

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Wälle, M., J. Koch, and D. Günther. "Analysis of brass and silicate glass by femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using liquid standard calibration." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 23, no. 9 (2008): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b803563f.

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Wu, Weibin, Christian Lutz, Simon Mersch, et al. "Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (October 2, 2018): 2618–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.243.

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Lizards of the genus Scincus are widely known under the common name sandfish due to their ability to swim in loose, aeolian sand. Some studies report that this fascinating property of sandfish is accompanied by unique tribological properties of their skin such as ultra-low adhesion, friction and wear. The majority of these reports, however, is based on experiments conducted with a non-standard granular tribometer. Here, we characterise microscopic adhesion, friction and wear of single sandfish scales by atomic force microscopy. The analysis of frictional properties with different types of prob

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Khalil, Asmaa S. "Compressive strength measurement for cement replacement with recycled glass in concrete." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 14, no. 29 (2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v14i29.231.

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The most important environmental constraints at the present timeis the accumulation of glass waste (transparent glass bottles). A lot ofexperiments and research have been made on waste and recyclingglass to get use it as much as possible. This research using recyclingof locally waste colorless glass to turn them into raw materials asalternative of certain percentages of cement to save the environmentfrom glass waste and reduce some of the disadvantages of cementwith conserving the mechanical and physical properties of concretemade. A set of required samples were prepared for mechanical testwit

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Mulloy, B., C. Gee, S. F. Wheeler, R. Wait, E. Gray, and T. W. Barrowcliffe. "Molecular Weight Measurements of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by Gel Permeation Chromatography." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 77, no. 04 (1997): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656031.

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SummaryThe molecular weight profiles of low molecular weight heparin samples have been measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography using as calibrant the heparinase-degraded material (90/686) now established as the 1st International Reference Preparation (IRP) Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Molecular Weight Calibration. Use of the calibrant as a broad molecular weight standard is described and a calibration table provided based on data collected over several years in one laboratory.In order to confirm the assignment of degree of polymerisation to resolved oligosaccharide peaks

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Seah, M. P. "Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: VII ISO 15472 : 2001?surface chemical analysis?x-ray photoelectron spectrometers?calibration of energy scales." Surface and Interface Analysis 31, no. 8 (2001): 721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1076.

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Dirmeyer, Paul A., Jiexia Wu, Holly E. Norton, et al. "Confronting Weather and Climate Models with Observational Data from Soil Moisture Networks over the United States." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 4 (2016): 1049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0196.1.

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Abstract Four land surface models in uncoupled and coupled configurations are compared to observations of daily soil moisture from 19 networks in the conterminous United States to determine the viability of such comparisons and explore the characteristics of model and observational data. First, observations are analyzed for error characteristics and representation of spatial and temporal variability. Some networks have multiple stations within an area comparable to model grid boxes; for those it is found that aggregation of stations before calculation of statistics has little effect on estimat

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Djurendić, Evgenija A., Terézia M. Surányi, and Dušan A. Miljković. "Synthesis of some salicylic acid derivatives and determination of their acidity constants." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (1990): 1763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901763.

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Several derivatives of salicylic acid have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of methyl salicylate with α,ω-diols and α,ω-diamines, and the acidity constants of five newly prepared derivatives have been determined in 61.10% aqueous ethanol using potentiometric titration method. In order to avoid calibration of pH-meter, the standard potential of glass electrode was determined from the titration data. The results obtained are discussed with regard to different resonance effects of the ester oxygen and the amide nitrogen atoms.

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Muzzio, Cristian Rodrigo, Nicolás Gabriel Dini, and Laura Daniela Simionato. "Determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol through intact glass vials using NIR micro-spectrometers." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 2 (2011): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000200010.

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Determination of moisture content in lyophilized solids is fundamental to predict quality and stability of freeze-dried products, but conventional methods are time-consuming, invasive and destructive. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and nondestructive method for determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol, based on an NIR micro-spectrometer instead of a conventional NIR spectrometer. Measurements of lyophilized mannitol were performed through the bottom of rotating glass vials by means of a reflectance probe. The root mean standa

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Gorthi, Deepthi B., Aaron R. Parsons, and Joshua S. Dillon. "Calibration schemes with O(N log N) scaling for large-N radio interferometers built on a regular grid." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 1 (2020): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3229.

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ABSTRACT Future generations of radio interferometers targeting the 21 cm signal at cosmological distances with N ≫ 1000 antennas could face a significant computational challenge in building correlators with the traditional architecture, whose computational resource requirement scales as $\mathcal {O}(N^2)$ with array size. The fundamental output of such correlators is the cross-correlation products of all antenna pairs in the array. The FFT-correlator architecture reduces the computational resources scaling to $\mathcal {O}(N\log {N})$ by computing cross-correlation products through a spatial

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Vivaldi, Federico, Pietro Salvo, Noemi Poma, et al. "Recent Advances in Optical, Electrochemical and Field Effect pH Sensors." Chemosensors 9, no. 2 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9020033.

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Although its first definition dates back to more than a century ago, pH and its measurement are still studied for improving the performance of current sensors in everyday analysis. The gold standard is the glass electrode, but its intrinsic fragility and need of frequent calibration are pushing the research field towards alternative sensitive devices and materials. In this review, we describe the most recent optical, electrochemical, and transistor-based sensors to provide an overview on the status of the scientific efforts towards pH sensing.

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Jardine, K. J., W. M. Henderson, T. E. Huxman, and L. Abrell. "Dynamic Solution Injection: a new method for preparing pptv–ppbv standard atmospheres of volatile organic compounds." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 6 (2010): 1569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1569-2010.

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Abstract. Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and thermal desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) allow for absolute quantification of a wide range of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with concentrations in the ppbv to pptv range. Although often neglected, routine calibration is necessary for accurate quantification of VOCs by PTR-MS and GC-MS. Several gas calibration methods currently exist, including compressed gas cylinders, permeation tubes, diffusion tubes, and liquid injection. While each method has its advantages and limitations, no single te

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Li, Fotheringham, Li, and Oshan. "Fast Geographically Weighted Regression (FastGWR): a scalable algorithm to investigate spatial process heterogeneity in millions of observations." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, no. 1 (2019): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1521523.

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Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a widely used tool for exploring spatial heterogeneity of processes over geographic space. GWR computes location-specific parameter estimates, which makes its calibration process computationally intensive. The maximum number of data points that can be handled by current open-source GWR software is approximately 15,000 observations on a standard desktop. In the era of big data, this places a severe limitation on the use of GWR. To overcome this limitation, we propose a highly scalable, open-source FastGWR implementation based on Python and the Message

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Nyeki, Stephan, Stefan Wacker, Julian Gröbner, Wolfgang Finsterle, and Martin Wild. "Revising shortwave and longwave radiation archives in view of possible revisions of the WSG and WISG reference scales: methods and implications." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 8 (2017): 3057–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3057-2017.

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Abstract. A large number of radiometers are traceable to the World Standard Group (WSG) for shortwave radiation and the interim World Infrared Standard Group (WISG) for longwave radiation, hosted by the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Centre (PMOD/WRC, Davos, Switzerland). The WSG and WISG have recently been found to over- and underestimate radiation values, respectively (Fehlmann et al., 2012; Gröbner et al., 2014), although research is still ongoing. In view of a possible revision of the reference scales of both standard groups, this study discusses the meth

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Rukundo, Isaac R., Mary-Grace C. Danao, Curtis L. Weller, Randy L. Wehling, and Kent M. Eskridge. "Use of a handheld near infrared spectrometer and partial least squares regression to quantify metanil yellow adulteration in turmeric powder." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 28, no. 2 (2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033519898889.

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The efficacy of using a handheld near infrared spectrometer to predict metanil yellow (MY) adulteration levels (0-30% w/w) in dried turmeric powder was tested against a benchtop near infrared spectrometer using partial least squares regression models. The differences between near infrared instruments were resolution (i.e., 1 nm (handheld) vs. 0.5 nm (benchtop)) and sample container during scanning (plastic pouch (handheld) vs. quartz glass cup (benchtop)). Prediction performance of the calibration models developed was evaluated using number of model factors ([Formula: see text]), coefficients

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Darula, Stanislav, and Richard Kittler. "The New Method To Calibrate Iso/cie General Skies modelled In Artificial Skies." Light & Engineering, no. 01-2021 (February 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/20-066.

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Recently sky luminance distributions under fifteen ISO/CIE sky types were standardised in relative terms, i.e. all elementary sky luminance are normalised by the zenith luminance in nature. However, these standard sky luminance patterns can be characterised also in their physical units, see in CIE215:20014 which can be reduced by suitable intensity scales to simulate the very high natural sky luminance in laboratory under artificial sky domes. For the design of the electric illumination system of the artificial sky the appropriate zenith luminance for each sky type has to be derived respecting

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Yu, Longjiao, Sargun Malik, Timothy V. Duncan, and Joseph E. Jablonski. "High Throughput Quantification of Quaternary Ammonium Cations in Food Simulants by Flow-Injection Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 6 (2018): 1873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0091.

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Abstract Background: A flow-injection MS (FI/MS) method was evaluated for the quantitation of quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) in simple food simulants. Methods: The calibration standard was dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium ion (C18-C18), and the internal standard was benzyldimethylhexadecyl (BDMHD) ammonium ion. Calibration standards based on the C18-C18 ion were prepared in ethanol with a range of 5 to 500 ppb and contained 100 ppb BDMHD. The mobile phase was 90 + 10 (v/v) acetonitrile–5 mM aqueous ammonium acetate and flowed directly into an electrospray source of the mass spectrometer. Detec

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Zhang, Lizhong, James E. Franke, Thomas M. Niemczyk, and David M. Haaland. "Optimized External IR Reflection Spectroscopy for Quantitative Determination of Borophosphosilicate Glass Parameters." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 2 (1997): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971940161.

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Infrared (IR) external reflection spectroscopy has been optimized for the quantitative determination of composition and film thickness of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) deposited on silicon wafer substrates. The precision of the partial least-squares calibrations for boron and phosphorus contents and thin-film thickness were measured as the cross-validated standard error of prediction statistic. The results showed that BPSG IR reflection spectra collected over a wide range of incident IR radiation angles (15°, 25°, 45°, and 60°) can be used for the simultaneous quantification of these three

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Palfi, Arpad, Laszlo Hatvani, and Karoly Gulya. "A New Quantitative Film Autoradiographic Method of Quantifying mRNA Transcripts for In Situ Hybridization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 46, no. 10 (1998): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549804601006.

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We developed and tested a novel quantitative method for the quantification of film autoradiographs, involving a mathematical model and a dot-blot-based membrane standard scale. The exponential model introduced here, ROD = p1(1 - exp[ p2 x]), appropriately ( r2<0.999), describes the relation between relative optical density (ROD) and radioactivity ( x) in the range between 0 and 240 gray scale values (using a 256-gray scale level digitizer). By means of this model, standard curves with distinct quenching properties can be exactly interconverted, permitting the tissue-equivalent calibration o

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Geiss, O., and D. Kotzias. "Determination of Nicotine in Smoke Condensate by Ion Chromatography Coupled to Ultraviolet Detection." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 22, no. 4 (2007): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0836.

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AbstractA new method for the determination of the nicotine content of tobacco smoke condensate is described. The smoke condensate of the mainstream smoke was collected in a glass fibre filter trap and dissolved in isopropanol. The nicotine content of an aliquot of this solution was determined by ion chromatography (IC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection against external calibration and the nicotine content of the whole smoke condensate was calculated. The nicotine content determined in each run by IC was compared with the results obtained by gas chromatography (GC) according to the Intern

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