Relevant bibliographies by topics / Standard markers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Standard markers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Standard markers"

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Pagliusi, Sonia R., and Suzanne M. Garland. "International Standard Reagents for HPV Detection." Disease Markers 23, no. 4 (2007): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/591826.

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Humam papillomavirus is the commonest genital viral infection in healthy sexually active subjects, and the presence of chronic or persistent HPV types in genital cells may constitute a prognostic marker of underlying, or predict future HPV-associated diseases. A variety of novel tests for detecting the presence of oncogenic HPV types in biological specimens have been reported. These are based on the various stages of infection and viral life cycle. HPV infects squamous epithelium with expression of various gene products intimately linked to epithelial cell differentiation. Hence, there are basically three classes of detectable markers directly derived from HPVs: molecular markers based on detection of nucleic acid sequences, serological markers based on detection of antibodies against viral proteins, and cellular markers based on detection of proteins expressed intracellularly, upon either infection or carcinogenesis. The nature of various assays and the development of international standard reagents for qualitative and quantitative assessment of assay performance are outlined. There is an increasing demand to develop standard tools to assess the quality of HPV detection systems, for regulatory and clinical management purposes. International standard reagents for HPV will help defining the analytical sensitivity and specificity of various detection methods, and will allow assuring that laboratory services used to evaluate disease burden, HPV vaccines, and cancer prevention strategies are accurate and comparable worldwide. The advancement of prophylactic vaccine candidates against HPV infections and related diseases stresses the increasing importance of HPV assays in monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination on disease burden.
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Hasić, Sabaheta, Emina Kiseljaković, Radivoj Jadrić, Jovan Radovanović, and Mira Winterhalter-Jadrić. "Cardiac troponin I: the gold standard in acute myocardial infarction diagnosis." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2003): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3527.

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Cardiovascular diseases are leading cause of morbidity in the world. Measurement of the level of biochemical markers in the serum is one of World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Non-specific clinical state of patients and insufficiently sensitive electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnostics, at patient's hospital admission time, point out the importance of biochemical markers in acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. Technology development and new diagnostic methods lead to the invention of highly sensitive and specific marker as myocardialdamage evidence. Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is specific marker for myocardial damage1. Its elevation in the serum within myocardial ischemia symptomatology is important in diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
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Conti, Angela, Laura Corte, Debora Casagrande Pierantoni, Vincent Robert, and Gianluigi Cardinali. "What Is the Best Lens? Comparing the Resolution Power of Genome-Derived Markers and Standard Barcodes." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020299.

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Fungal species delimitation was traditionally carried out with multicopy ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, principally for their ease of amplification. Since the efficacy of these markers has been questioned, single-copy protein-encoding genes have been proposed alone or in combination for Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). In this context, the role of the many sequences obtained with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques, in both genomics and metagenomics, further pushes toward an analysis of the efficacy of NGS-derived markers and of the metrics to evaluate the marker efficacy in discriminating fungal species. This paper aims at proposing MeTRe (Mean Taxonomic Resolution), a novel index that could be used both for measuring marker efficacy and for assessing the actual resolution (i.e., the level of separation) between species obtained with different markers or their combinations. In this paper, we described and then employed this index to compare the efficacy of two rRNAs and four single-copy markers obtained from public databases as both an amplicon-based approach and genome-derived sequences. Two different groups of species were used, one with a pathogenic species of Candida that was characterized by relatively well-separated taxa, whereas the other, comprising some relevant species of the sensu stricto group of the genus Saccharomyces, included close species and interspecific hybrids. The results showed the ability of MeTRe to evaluate marker efficacy in general and genome-derived markers specifically.
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Baek, Ji, Hyeonwi Son, Young-Hoon Jeong, Sang Park, and Hyun Kim. "Chronological Aging Standard Curves of Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Twelve Tissues of C57BL/6 Male Mouse." Cells 8, no. 3 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8030247.

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The changes in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are considered to be aging markers. However, many studies have provided contradictory or only fragmentary information about changes of these markers in animal models, due to inaccurate analysis methods and a lack of objective aging standards. To establish chronological aging standards for these two markers, we analyzed telomere length and mtDNAcn in 12 tissues—leukocytes, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, retina, aorta, liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, and skin—from a commonly used rodent model, C57BL/6 male mice aged 2–24 months. It was found that at least one of the markers changed age-dependently in all tissues. In the leukocytes, hippocampus, retina, and skeletal muscle, both markers changed age-dependently. As a practical application, the aging marker changes were analyzed after chronic immobilization stress (CIS) to see whether CIS accelerated aging or not. The degree of tissue-aging was calculated using each standard curve and found that CIS accelerated aging in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, it is expected that researchers can use our standard curves to objectively estimate tissue-specific aging accelerating effects of experimental conditions for least 12 tissues in C57BL/6 male mice.
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Holt, N. W. "Calibration curves for the determination of low levels of chromium in feces." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 1 (1993): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-010.

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Chromic sesquioxide is an indigestible marker commonly used in grazing trials. Experiments were conducted to establish a procedure for preparing standard calibration curves for determination of low levels of chromium (Cr) in feces from animals dosed with Cr markers. The calibration curves (prepared using blank feces) were compared with feces-free standards to evaluate the effect of feces on the results. The presence of digested feces reduced the absorption of Cr by 0–5%. The slopes of the calibration curves prepared by digesting the Cr standards with feces were 79–90% of the slopes of standard curves prepared in a feces-free background. When the fecal organic matter was removed by heating with nitric acid followed by digestion with perchloric acid, then the standard Cr could be added with the perchloric acid to best simulate the effect of the acids on apparent loss of chromic oxide in the unknowns. It was essential that feces used for calibration purposes be obtained from animals grazing the same forages as used by the Cr-dosed animals. Key words: Chromic oxide, acid digest, fecal markers
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Kaufmann, Manfred, and Lajos Pusztai. "Use of standard markers and incorporation of molecular markers into breast cancer therapy." Cancer 117, no. 8 (2010): 1575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25660.

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عبد الرازق, أحمد سوکارنو. "The Development of Agreement Markers in Standard Arabic." مجلة کلیة الآداب بقنا 1, no. 1 (1991): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/qarts.1991.114737.

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Katsanis, Sara H., and Jennifer K. Wagner. "Characterization of the Standard and Recommended CODIS Markers*." Journal of Forensic Sciences 58 (August 24, 2012): S169—S172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02253.x.

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Ivic, Milka. "Unexpectedness and its pragmatic markers in standard serbian." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 60 (2004): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0460015i.

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The paper sets about to identify something researchers fail to consider: the principles that in Standard Serbian govern the occurrence of the pragmatic devices vec, jos, jos uvek, and vise (ne..) by means of which the speaker discloses that the information about an actual state of affairs he is giving to his conversation partner happens to be an unexpected news for him. It highlights also the informational effects of vec on somebody who is listening to the conversation between the speaker and the addressee but who does not share in all details their stock of knowledge about the conversational topic and it rises the relevant question of the theoretical status of such effects.
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Ozonoff, Sally, Sally J. Rogers, James M. Farnham, and Bruce F. Pennington. "Can standard measures identify subclinical markers of autism?" Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 23, no. 3 (1993): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01046049.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standard markers"

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Lin, Wen-shan. "Accounting Regulation and Information Asymmetry in the Capital Markets: An Empirical Study of Accounting Standard SFAS no 87." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277661/.

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This study uses both basic and self-selection regression models to test three hypotheses about the effect of SFAS 87 disclosures on information asymmetry during 1985- 1987. Both types of models test the hypotheses after controlling for changes in the inventory holding and order processing costs of the spread, while the self-selection models also control for potential self-selection bias.
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Murphree, Michael Bruce. "Building markets: The political economy of technology standards." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51821.

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This dissertation explains the causes of national differences in markets for technology. Different national approaches to intellectual property protection and use, market openness and market scope are the result of the process of creating technology standards in different countries. Technology Standards, in turn, are the product of two causal variables: the historically determined institutions of standardization - particularly the role of the state in the standardization process, and the position of a country in the fragmented global production system. The institutions of standardization determine the relative influence of different actors over standardization and market position. The position within the global economy determines these actors’ perspectives on intellectual property and market scope. Using case studies of standardization and technology market creation in the United States, Europe and China, this dissertation reveals the mechanisms by which these two variables give rise to national differences in technology markets.
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Brumovský, Martin. "STANDARDIZACE A HARMONIZACE ZNALECKÉHO POSTUPU PŘI ZJIŠTĚNÍ OBVYKLÉ CENY NEMOVITOSTI." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234300.

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In the current context of globalisation and development of international investment market along with increasing influence of European Union legislation and activities of professional organisations, there is an urgent need for standardisation and harmonisation of not only valuation procedures but also individual terms, definitions, approaches, methods and requirements for the qualification of valuers. This takes on special importance particularly in the field of real property valuation and market value („the usual price“ according to Czech law) assessment. At present there are three large international organisations contributing significantly to the development of this process through the development of their standards. The main objective of this thesis is standardisation and harmonisation of expert valuation procedure in establishing real property market value (the usual price), particularly in view of international valuation standards, namely IVS, EVS and the Red Book. To achieve this main goal it was necessary to clarify at first several related issues, as proper understanding of the background and context in particular is always an indispensable basis for successful harmonization process. The result of this work is thus both the design of a standard and harmonised procedure carried out by a qualified valuer in establishing the market value (the usual price), and the clarification of related issues, terms, definitions, methods and valuation approaches used in the Czech Republic and abroad, as well as the requirements imposed on the resulting report, etc.. The knowledge and information from this work will thus contribute to the development of the field of forensic engineering both in terms of theory, practice and teaching.
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Bartoš, Jakub. "Analysis of cryptocurrencies as standard financial instruments." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192398.

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This paper analyzes cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. Firstly, we introduced the main features of cryptocurrencies and summarized the brief history. We found out that price of the most famous cryptocurrency Bitcoin follows the hypothesis of efficient markets and it immediately react on publicly announce information. Furthermore, Bitcoin can be seen as standard economic good that is priced by interaction of supply and demand on the market. These factors can be driven by macro financial development or by speculative investors, but there weren't found any significant impact of these factors on price of Bitcoin. CAPM shows the high risk of cryptocurrencies, but it could be still good instrument for diversification.
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Hoffman, Benjamin. "The Market's Perception of the Regulatory Change from Auditing Standard No. 2 to Auditing Standard No. 5." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228153.

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I investigate the stock market's reaction to events related to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) development and enactment of Auditing Standard No. 5 (AS 5). The change from Auditing Standard No. 2 (AS 2) to AS 5 was debated in the business press at length. The PCAOB stated that the goal of AS 5 was to reduce the prohibitive costs of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Section 404 and AS 2 (Krishnan et al. 2008) while maintaining the effectiveness of the internal control audits required by those policies. However, there was concern that internal control audit quality would decrease under AS 5. My study examines how investors perceived this change by considering stock market reaction around 10 event dates related to PCAOB and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) actions with regard to the development and enactment of AS 5. I find evidence that the market's reaction to key AS 5 events was significantly negative, which is consistent with investors perceiving AS 5 as a significant decrease in internal control audit quality. I also study these investor reactions cross-sectionally to further examine the two potential effects of AS 5 (decrease in compliance costs and decrease in internal control audit quality) and how they relate to firm characteristics (size, complexity, litigation risk, and fraud risk). I find evidence consistent with my main finding: investors' perceived increase in information risk under AS 5 is apparent when considering firm characteristics. Finally, I consider ex-post financial reporting quality under AS 5 and find no significant change in financial reporting quality compared to under AS 2. This study contributes to accounting research by being the first to study the stock market's perception of this significant policy change archivally and the first to consider the effectiveness of AS 5 with regard to financial reporting quality.
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Velkar, Aashish. "Markets, standards and transactions : measurements in nineteenth-century British economy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/109/.

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This thesis is concerned with measurements used in economic activity and investigates how historical markets managed transactional problems due to unreliable measurements. Existing literature has generally associated the problems of measurements in historical markets with the lack of uniformity in weights and measures. This thesis shows that metrological standardization was not sufficient to ensure reliability of measurements. Markets developed mensuration practices that enabled markets to address specific transactional issues in micro-contexts. This involved, in addition to the use of standardized metrology, improved governance of transactions, third party monitoring and guaranteeing, and other institutional solutions. Historical institutional arrangements were altered or replaced as a result of changing or standardizing mensuration practices. The thesis also makes a conceptual contribution in terms of understanding the process of standardization. It shows how, while standards can be inflexible and rationalized (i.e. limited in number), standardized practices can incorporate a number of such standards and be flexible in terms which standard to be used in a given context. Analytically, standardized practices are institutional objects that are determined endogenously and are formed in 'packages' that create interlinks between standards, other artefacts, rules and people. These arguments are developed by studying three detailed cases of mensuration practices in the British economy during the nineteenth-century. The case of the London Coal Trade examines how altered mensuration practices gave buyers greater assurance that the amount of coal they received was actually the amount they purchased. The case of the wire industry illustrates the struggles to define a uniform set of wire sizes that could overcome the disputes arising from incompatible and multiple ways of measuring wire sizes. The case of the wheat markets illustrates the complexity involved in developing standards of measurements such that quality could be reliably measured ex-ante. Through these case studies, the thesis shows how markets developed different mensuration practices to manage measurements in a given context.
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Oliveira, Leonor Ara?jo Bezerra. "Marcadores da organiza??o do padr?o discursivo narrativo: uma abordagem funcional centrada no uso." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16385.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonorABO_TESE.pdf: 2899869 bytes, checksum: 7f3a5e1f9b98b05031fcf6b3f9f3d002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-21<br>This thesis has as its object the Markers Organization Standard Narrative Discourse (MON), from its occurrence in oral and written corpora of different realizations of narrative discourse, considering its locus of occurrence in the narrative and discursive functioning. The research is guided by the Functional Linguistic Usage-Based, approach to which the organization of language is directly linked to the user experience, so that grammar is shaped by discourse. We examined only the narrative portions of Experience Reports, Tales and Legends in the oral and written, as follows: 3 inquiries Corpus Reports Remaining Quilombo (RN); 11 Corpus Legends legends of the Amazon, 14 Tales of Corpus Tales Brazilians and 21 Reports of experiences of Corpus and Discourse Grammar, with about 10,000 words in each corpus. A total of 22 markers were identified, which were: (1) classified according to the locus of occurrence in the narrative structure, as Labov (1972), (2) associated, according to the type of pattern that occur in narrative discourse, (3) described from the discursive function they perform. The research has relevance to the extent it is based speech analysis and offers proposals for productive teaching of mother tongue in which students and teachers can, grounded in language studies, consider living language, as an object of study, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines (OCN) and making use of New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC)<br>Esta tese tem como objeto os Marcadores da Organiza??o do Padr?o Discursivo Narrativo (MON), a partir de sua ocorr?ncia em corpora orais e escritos de diferentes realiza??es do discurso narrativo, considerando seu l?cus de ocorr?ncia na narrativa e sua fun??o discursiva. A pesquisa norteia-se pela Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso, abordagem para a qual a organiza??o da l?ngua ? ligada diretamente ? experi?ncia do usu?rio, de modo que a gram?tica ? moldada pelo discurso. Foram examinados apenas os trechos narrativos de Relatos de experi?ncia, Contos e Lendas nas modalidades oral e escrita, conforme descrito a seguir: 3 inqu?ritos do Corpus Relatos dos Remanescentes Quilombolas (RN); 11 lendas do Corpus Lendas do Amazonas , 14 Contos do Corpus Contos Brasileiros e 21 Relatos de experi?ncia do Corpus Discurso e Gram?tica, com cerca de 10.000 palavras em cada um dos Corpus. No total, foram identificados 22 marcadores, os quais foram: (1) classificados segundo o l?cus de ocorr?ncia na estrutura narrativa, conforme Labov (1972); (2) relacionados, de acordo com o tipo de padr?o discursivo narrativo em que ocorrem; (3) descritos a partir da fun??o discursiva que desempenham. A pesquisa tem sua relev?ncia, na medida em que toma como base de an?lise o discurso e oferece propostas para o ensino produtivo de l?ngua materna no qual alunos e professores possam, fundamentados nos estudos lingu?sticos, considerar a l?ngua viva, como objeto de estudo, baseando-se nas Orienta??es Curriculares Nacionais (OCN) e fazendo uso das Novas Tecnologias da Informa??o e Comunica??o (NTIC)
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Bartošková, Karolína. "Dopady odchodu Velké Británie z Evropské Unie na finanční sektor." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358899.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate consequences of the United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union to financial sector and provide different view of the issue than studied analysis carried out so far. The thesis proves the size, broad structure and unique position of the British financial sector in Europe and the world. Theoretical part focuses on the historical perspective, to the explanation of how the financial system works, last but not least to the crucial regulatory norms and sector participants. Based on real and specific data, practical part explains the scope of financial sector, its significance and analyses the UK role in the approval process of specific regulatory standards. Lobbying is denoted as an effective way of influencing standards towards national interests. In conclusion, thesis provides an overview of UK losses and benefits after Brexit, including a proposal for modification the practical operation of the financial system and pay attention to problematic areas. It is demonstrated that Britain for its scale of the financial sector has been long-term influencing European regulation of the sector and despite withdrawal from European Union likely remain a global financial centre.
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Wang, Qi. "Analysis of markets in the presence of network effects and standards competition." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011601.

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Riley, Debra Lynn. "The choice of standards as a competitive strategy in high tech markets." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405845.

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Books on the topic "Standard markers"

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Evsin, Maksim, and Valeriy Spesivcev. Financial markets. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045026.

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Tutorial on the discipline "Financial markets" covers all the course topics provided by the curriculum: the role and function of financial markets in the economy; securities market; the derivatives market; institutions of financial markets.&#x0D; Contains a large number of modern examples and test tasks of different difficulty options that will allow to generate the required Federal state educational standards of professional competence.&#x0D; Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.&#x0D; For students enrolled in the direction 38.03.01 "Economics", it may be useful to undergraduate students of other areas.
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Joy, Peter. European accounting markets. FT Financial Publishing, 1996.

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Sykes, A. O. Product standards for internationally integrated goods markets. Brookings Institution, 1995.

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Corinne, Hermant, Langenhove Lieve van, DELTA, and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate General for Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation., eds. Markets and standards for advanced learning technology. Commissionof the European Communities, 1991.

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Smith-Marker, Carolyn G. Setting standards for professional nursing: The Marker Model. Resource Applications, 1988.

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Evsin, Maksim, and Valeriy Spesivcev. Financial markets. Workshop. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013015.

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A workshop on the subject "Financial markets" covers all the course topics provided by the curriculum: the role and function of financial markets in the economy; securities market; market of derivative financial instruments; financial markets; regional financial markets.&#x0D; Contains practical and test tasks of different difficulty options that will allow to generate the required GEF professional competence. &#x0D; Comply with Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.&#x0D; Designed for undergraduate and graduate students in areas of training and 38.04.01 38.03.01 "Economics", and can also be useful for all the participants of the financial market, which only began to know its basics.
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Corporation, Standard and Poor's. Standard & Poor's Nasdaq and regional exchange stock reports. The Corporation, 1994.

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Corporation, Standard and Poor's. Standard & Poor's NASDAQ and regional exchange profiles. Standard & Poor's, 1994.

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IZA (Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit), ed. Non-standard employment in post-industrial labour markets: An occupational perspective. Edward Elgar, 2015.

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Scott-Quinn, Brian. Risk management in international securities markets: Are today's standards appropriate? University of Reading. ISMA Centre for Education & Research in Securities Markets, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Standard markers"

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Jensen, Kristin C., and Kimberly H. Allison. "Current Standard Clinical Predictive Markers." In A Comprehensive Guide to Core Needle Biopsies of the Breast. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26291-8_22.

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Allison, Kimberly H. "Current Standard Clinical Predictive Markers." In A Comprehensive Guide to Core Needle Biopsies of the Breast. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05532-4_22.

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Gut, Ulrike. "Relative markers in spoken Standard Jamaican English." In Variation in the Caribbean. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.37.06gut.

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Shibasaki, Reijirou. "Chapter 1. From comparative standard marker to comparative adverb." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.232.01shi.

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This study investigates the grammaticalization of the Japanese ablative marker yori ‘from’ into a comparative standard marker ‘than’ and further into a comparative adverb yori ‘more.’ It is widely known that ablative markers can be grammaticalized into comparative standard markers. However, little is known about the direction of change from comparative marker to comparative adverb. This study takes a corpus-based approach to uncover the process of change. The ablative yori , which had been used since Old Japanese, began to take on the adverbial property ‘more’ in the early twentieth century. While some collocational sequences facilitate the grammaticalization of yori , the overall degree of change turns out to be very slow.
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Koch, Harold. "Nominal privative suffixes as a diachronic source of verbal negative markers." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.369.13koc.

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Abstract Inspired by discussions of privatives as a ‘previously unidentified source’ for verbal negation in main clauses, with evidence from Arawakan languages (Michael 2014; Rybka &amp; Michael 2019), this paper builds on earlier observations on the relation of privative nominal suffixes to verbal negative inflections in Australian languages (Dixon 1980; Phillips 2023). Using data from selected languages, I attempt to trace the diachronic processes involved, specifically the mechanisms (reanalysis and extension) and motivations (especially pragmatic) behind the insubordinations which lead via somewhat different pathways either to indicative negatives (standard negation) or imperative negatives (prohibitives). I hope thereby to have contributed to a fuller appreciation of insubordination as factor in diachronic change (cf. Evans 2007; Mithun 2008; Cristofaro 2017).
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Jędrasiak, Karol, Łukasz Janik, Andrzej Polański, and Konrad Wojciechowski. "Vicon Motion Capture and HD 1080 Standard Video Data Fusion Based on Minimized Markers Reprojection Error." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23154-4_24.

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Lindenau, Rainer, and Thomas Helbig. "Standards." In Exploding Markets. Gabler Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82262-8_9.

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Gstöhl, Sieglinde, and Robert Kaiser. "Mechanisms of Global Trade Governance: The ‘Double Standard’ on Standards in the WTO." In New Rules for Global Markets. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524361_10.

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Trovesi, Andrea. "Il vocativo nelle lingue slave: un quadro articolato." In Studi contrastivi di linguistica slava: grammatica e pragmatica. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0216-9.05.

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The article presents a survey of the state of conservation of the vocative case and its morphological markers in standard Slavic languages. It gives an account of the simplifications that have occurred at the paradigmatic level and outlines the principles underlying the replacement of the vocative with the nominative – or basic form – in the languages where both cases are found as alternative or concurrent strategies. In this context, the article shows a type specialization of vocative forms to express the speaker’s personal relation to the receiver, and, at the same time, an increasingly frequent usage of the nominative/basic form as an actual form of call/appeal. Finally, by listing the different groups of Slavic languages in an order according to their degree of formal and functional maintenance of the vocative, a model for a degrammaticalization process is proposed, valid for all Slavic languages: conservation &gt; alteration &gt; contraction &gt; elimination.
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Schwartz, Herman M. "Foreign Debt, Hegemony, and the Gold Standard." In States versus Markets. Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13536-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Standard markers"

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Somani, Anis, and Dave Kurtz. "Detecting Pinhole Leaks Using Free Swimming In-Line Acoustic Leak Detection Tool." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05483.

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Abstract Significant financial and environmental consequences often result from line leakage of oil product pipelines. Product can escape into the surrounding soil as even the smallest leak can lead to rupture of the pipeline. From a health perspective, water supplies may be tainted by oil migrating into aquifers. A joint academic-industry research initiative funded by (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Association) PHMSA(1) has led to the development and refinement of a free-swimming tool which is capable of detecting leaks as small as 0.01 L/min (0.03 gallons) in oil product pipelines. The tool swims through the pipeline being assessed and produces results to the end user at a significantly reduced cost compared to current leak detection methods. Above Ground Markers (AGM’s) capture low frequency acoustic signatures and digitally log the passage of the tool through a pipeline. A tri-axial accelerometer system gives the odometric position of the ball, and has the accuracy of standard instrumented pigs. Several other types of sensors like temperature, and pressure, are also present in the ball and collect useful data.
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Martens, Richard, and Richard Lewandowski. "Advanced Fire and Smoke Formulation of Polyester/Vinylester FRP for Duct and Architectural Applications." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98464.

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Abstract Standard vinylester and polyester fire retardant resins have served the industrial and architectural markets well over the past years. New pressure has risen in both competitive materials and in the demands of code and insurance agencies that has necessitated a fresh review of the chemistry, formulation and application of our FR resins. The chemistry of halogenated polyester and vinylester resins and their relation to fire retardancy along with the role of additives is reviewed. Standards are assessed starting with he NBS PS-15-69 historical standard and the current ASTMD 3982 along with code documents such as the NFPA-91, the UBC, the UMC, and the listing implementation programs of the ICBO and Factory Mutual.
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Lee, John, Fangqiong Zhan, Wenxiu Xie, Xiao Han, Chi-yin Chow, and Kam-yiu Lam. "Standard and Non-standard Adverbial Markers: a Diachronic Analysis in Modern Chinese Literature." In Proceedings of the 7th Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.latechclfl-1.1.

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Khurana, Tarun K., Moran Bercovici, and Juan G. Santiago. "Indirect Fluorescence Detection of Non Fluorescent Analytes Using Isotachophoretic Mobility Markers." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62027.

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We have developed a method to detect non-fluorescent analytes on standard microfluidic chip platforms equipped with fluorescence detection. We leverage isotachophoresis (ITP) to electrophoretically segregate both analytes and fluorescent species termed mobility markers into distinct zones. The fluorescent marker zones bound analyte zones, so that gaps in the fluorescent signal indicate the presence and concentration of analytes. We here demonstrate separation and indirect detection of amino acids, serine and phenylalanine and organic acids, acetic acid and phenylpropionic acid (∼10 μM) using this technique. We also present an indirect detection of the environmental toxin phenol [1][2] (∼10 μM) using two mobility markers. We show preliminary numerical simulation results that provide useful guidelines in design and optimization of our indirect detection assay.
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Valet, F., P. de Cremoux, F. Spyratos, et al. "Do Transcriptomic Markers Provide Significant and Stable Information in Addition to Standard Markers, for the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response in Breast Cancer?" In Abstracts: Thirty-Second Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 10‐13, 2009; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2035.

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Ashley, H. W., and J. Fareed. "MOLECULAR MARKERS OF HEMOSTATIC ACTIVATION: COMPARISON OF PLASMA AND URINARY LEVELS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643826.

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We have compared plasma and urine levels for both normal control and aspirin treated groups (n=ll) using standard methods for fibrinopeptide, A (FPA), platelet factor 4 (PF-4), g-throm-boglobulin (β-TG), Bβ; 15-42 peptide (BβP), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Normal males and females of varying ages (22-50) made up the two groups. For aspirin treatment, 300 mgs/ day of aspirin was given PO for 3 days prior to the 24-hour urine and blood collection. The following data was generated:These results indicate that aspirin treatment produces a marked decrease of both plasma and urinary levels of molecular markers of hemostatic activation, suggesting that aspirin produces its effect at multiple sites within the hemostatic network. Profiling of urinary markers of hemostatic activation may also prove useful in the evaluation of prothrombotic states and evaluation of antithrombotic drugs.
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Verma, Rubal, Devendra Bonde, Nitin Sehgal, Hrishi Singh, and Jay Sharma. "Self-Operated Solar Side Marker for Commercial Vehicles." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2463.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In response to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108, Side Marker lamps were equipped in both passenger and commercial vehicles. Side marker lights are designed to provide clear visibility and vehicle identification from side way to other drivers/passersby vehicles traveling in perpendicular directions. But in case of harness failure/any malfunctioning/improper maintenance post damages etc., the side marker lamp does not illuminate when it is critically required. This causes serious accidents or loss of human beings as well. Convention side markers are powered by vehicle battery; a solar side-marker operates independently using a photometric switch that activates the light at sunset using stored solar energy. This device mainly works on natural light intensity when it lowers than specific value, the solar energy stored inside device will automatically ignite the side markers, irrespective of manual human intervention to switch it on. In case of a vehicle battery cut-off during vehicle parking, breakdown or accidental case, solar side marker run by an integrated rechargeable battery. It is charged by vehicle power or solar power and operated by photo switch. No similar option is available for commercial vehicles. The battery has a twin mode charging system so that it is foolproof in all weather conditions. Keeping in mind human safety, this invention may leads to reduced accidents on roads due to proper visibility of side markers in any adverse conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Nidheesh, V. R., Aswini Kumar Mohapatra, V. K. Unnikrishnan, Rajeev Kumar Sinha, Vasudevan Baskaran Kartha, and Santhosh Chidangil. "Design and development of a photoacoustic set up for breath analysis: a preliminary study." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2021.em1a.30.

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a well-known spectroscopic method for gas detection. Exhaled breath contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as bio-markers of specific health condition. Detection and quantification of VOC bio-markers from exhaled breath can provide valuable information about the health status. We report the design and development of Photoacoustic spectroscopy setup and a preliminary study of the detection of certain standard VOCs.
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Edwards, Tamsyn, a. Sarah Sharples a, Barry Kirwan b, John Wilson a, and Nora Balfe c. "Identifying Markers of Performance Decline in Air Traffic Controllers." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100715.

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Air traffic control (ATC) is a safety critical environment in which air traffic controllers (ATCOs) must maintain a consistently high standard of human performance in order to maintain safety. It is therefore essential to understand the impact, of human factors such as workload on human performance. Traditionally, a wide range of methods have been utilized to investigate the association between performance-influencing factors and human performance, from experimental to research in the wild (Sharples et al., 2012). However, little research has focused on the identification of ‘signs and symptoms’, or indicators, that a factor may be negatively influencing human performance. The aim of this study was to identify indicators that were commonly associated with specific factors (workload, stress and situation awareness) and the associated influences on human performance. Findings identified internal and external, observable indicators that were common across all controllers and signified when ATCO performance was threatened. Findings also suggest that controllers use internal markers to adapt control strategies in order to maintain performance. Findings have relevance for existing aviation training, online measurement of performance during live operations, and measurements during simulations. Further research should investigate the application of indicators in measurement of live operations.
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Becker, Michael, Maria Rivera-Markelova, Johannes Merk, et al. "Abstract 1584: Characterization of 28 patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts and analysis for predictive response markers to current standard treatment." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-1584.

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Reports on the topic "Standard markers"

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Borger, Michael, Gregory Elacqua, Isabel Jacas, Christopher Neilson, and Anne Sofie Westh Olsen. Report Cards: Parental Preferences, Information and School Choice in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004933.

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This paper studies school choice and information in the context of education markets in rural Haiti. Using a market level randomized control trial, we evaluate the aggregate effect of providing test score information on subsequent test scores, prices, and enrollment. After the intervention, we find that private schools have higher test scores, with an average increase of 0.3 standard deviations in treated markets. However, we are unable to detect significant changes to prices and market shares. These findings suggest that providing information in poor education markets can improve market efficiency and benefit children's welfare.
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Albrecht, Brian C., Thomas M. Phelan, and Nick Pretnar. Time Use and the Efficiency of Heterogeneous Markups. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202328.

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What are the welfare implications of markup heterogeneity across firms? In standard monopolistic competition models, such heterogeneity implies inefficiency even in the presence of free entry. We enrich the standard model with heterogeneous firms so that preferences are non-separable in off market time and market consumption and show that this changes the welfare implications of markup heterogeneity. In this context, homogeneity of markups is neither necessary nor sufficient for efficiency. The marginal cost of the marginal firm is weakly inefficiently high when off-market time and market consumption are complements and inefficiently low when they are substitutes, and the equilibrium allocation devotes weakly too few resources to firm creation. However, when off-market time and market consumption are perfect complements, markups are heterogeneous across firms and yet the equilibrium allocation is efficient.
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Morkun, Volodymyr S., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Svitlana M. Hryshchenko, and Kateryna I. Slovak. System of competencies for mining engineers. Видавництво “CSITA”, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/719.

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Topicality of the material, highlighted in this article is stipulated by the need to ensure effectiveness of educational process while preparing mining engineers. System of competencies for future mining engineers, taken as basis for high school sectoral standard for Mining 6.050301 update is theoretically substantiated and developed. Sources of state-of-the-art foreign educational system and technologies as well as scientific research results of local teachers have been analyzed, enabling development of new sectoral standard. Switching to new high school competencies-based sectoral standards is the necessary step in high education reforming in Ukraine, while the application of competencies-based approach to high school sectoral standards development facilitates tuning of education towards labour market’s requirements and demands, further development of educational techniques and educational system as a whole. Objective of the article: to project system of competencies and to define components of environmental competencies for mining engineers. Methods: – theoretical: analysis, generalization, systematization of legislative framework, educational standards, Internet - sources in order to distinguish theoretical basis of research, develop system of competencies for future mining engineers. – Empirical – improvement of system of competencies for future mining engineers. Scientific novelty is represented with structured system, consisting of 49 competencies, comprising the core of new sectoral standard for mining engineers preparation; Practical importance of the outcomes is related to developments: separate constituents of high school draft sectoral standard for Mining engineers bachelors’ preparation 6.050301 Mining (system of social &amp; personal, general scientific, tool-based, general professional and special professional competencies. Research outcomes can be used while developing educational qualification profile and training program for Mining bachelors 6.050301 education field, in course of geoinformational technologies review by ecology, land survey and geography bachelors.
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Luomi, Mari, Thomas Bosse, and Zlata Sergeeva. Lessons from Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Participation in the Clean Development Mechanism. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp04.

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Carrbon markets have rapidly risen on government and corporate agendas in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries as the region gears up to implement the Paris Agreement and pursue ambitious net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. Governments have expressed interest in participating in international carbon markets in their most recent nationally determined contributions (NDCs), various major companies across the region have set ambitious emission reduction targets, and three GCC countries have begun developing voluntary carbon market standards or marketplaces.
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Rojas-Suárez, Liliana, and Steven R. Weisbrod. Achieving Stability in Latin American Financial Markets in the Presence of Volatile Capital Flows. Inter-American Development Bank, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011613.

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This paper considers whether reserve requirements have been effective in controlling excessive liquidity growth. It also discusses the adequacy of bank supervisory standards, such as capital to risk-weighted asset standards, in controlling expansion of risky bank credit that often accompanies excessive liquidity expansion.
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Casella, Alessandra. Product Standards Coalitions in a Market Without Borders. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5853.

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Bedoya, Guadalupe, Jishnu Das, and Amy Dolinger. Randomized Regulation: The Impact of Minimum Quality Standards on Health Markets. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31203.

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Tello, Mario D., Daniel Sebastian Tello-Trillo, and Pablo Enrique Rojas Lara. Productivity and Market Power: The Case of Manufacturing Firms of Peru 2002-2019. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013470.

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This paper uses seven standard market power indicators (price-cost margin, and six drawn upon the production approach) to estimate the effect market power on the rate of change of total factor productivity for a sample of formal manufacturing firms of Peru for the period 2002-2019. After applying exogeneity tests and implementing panel data with fixed effects instrumental variable method, the results are not clear about the causal relationship between market power and firms' TFP. However, when the Double-Debiased machine learning (DML) causal method is applied for fixed effects panel data with and without instruments, firms market power robustly seems not to affect their respective total factor productivity regardless of the market power indicators and instruments used. The paper also presents four examples which are consistent with this causal result suggesting that the relationship between market power and productivity needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis considering the product development of sectors, the influence and activities of firms and economic groups in the domestic economy and foreign markets, and the level of development of the country's productive structure.
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Andrabi, Tahir, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, Naureen Karachiwalla, and Asim I. Khwaja. Crowding in Private Quality: The Equilibrium Effects of Public Spending in Education. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/124.

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We estimate the equilibrium effects of a public school grant program administered through school councils in Pakistani villages with multiple public and private schools and clearly defined catchment boundaries. The program was randomized at the village-level, allowing us to estimate its causal impact on the market. Four years after the start of the program, test scores were 0.2 sd higher in public schools. We find evidence of an education multiplier: test scores in private schools were also 0.2 sd higher in treated markets. Consistent with standard models of product differentiation, the education multiplier is greater for those private schools that faced a greater threat to their market power. Accounting for private sector responses increases the program’s cost effectiveness by 85 percent and affects how a policymaker would target spending. Given that markets with several public and private schools are now pervasive in low- and middle-income countries, prudent policy requires us to account for private sector responses to public policy, both in their design and in their evaluation.
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Mitchener, Kris James, and Marc Weidenmier. Are Hard Pegs Ever Credible in Emerging Markets? Evidence from the Classical Gold Standard. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15401.

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