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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Standard price

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Academic literature on the topic 'Standard price'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Standard price"

1

Ang, James S., Gwoduan David Jou, and Tsong-Yue Lai. "Alternative Formulas to Compute Implied Standard Deviation." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 12, no. 02 (June 2009): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091509001599.

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We assume that the call option's value is correctly priced by Black and Scholes' option pricing model in this paper. This paper derives an exact closed-form solution for implied standard deviation under the condition that the underlying asset price equals the present value of the exercise price. The exact closed-form solution provides the true implied standard deviation and has no estimate error. This paper also develops three alternative formulas to estimate the implied standard deviation if this condition is violated. Application of the Taylor expansion on a single call option value derives the first formula. The accuracy of this formula depends on the deviation between the underlying asset price and the present value of the exercise price. Use of the Taylor formula on two call option prices with different exercise prices is used to develop the second formula, which can be used even though the underlying asset price deviates significantly from the present value of the exercise price. Extension of the second formula's approach to third options value derives the third formula. A merit of the third formula is to circumvent a required parameter used in the second formula. Simulations demonstrate that the implied standard deviations calculated by the second and third formulas provide accurate estimates of the true implied standard deviations.

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Barsky, Robert B., Christopher L. House, and Miles S. Kimball. "Sticky-Price Models and Durable Goods." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 984–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.984.

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The inclusion of a durable goods sector in sticky-price models has strong and unexpected implications. Even if most prices are flexible, a small durable goods sector with sticky prices may be sufficient to make aggregate output react to monetary policy as though most prices were sticky. In contrast, flexibly priced durables with sufficiently long service lives can undo the implications of standard sticky price models. In a limiting case, flexibly priced durables cause monetary policy to have no effect on aggregate output. Our analysis suggests that durable goods prices are the most relevant data for calibrating price rigidity. (JEL E21, E23, E31, E52)

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MITOV, GEORGI K., SVETLOZAR T. RACHEV, YOUNG SHIN KIM, and FRANK J. FABOZZI. "BARRIER OPTION PRICING BY BRANCHING PROCESSES." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 12, no. 07 (November 2009): 1055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024909005555.

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This paper examines the pricing of barrier options when the price of the underlying asset is modeled by a branching process in a random environment (BPRE). We derive an analytical formula for the price of an up-and-out call option, one form of a barrier option. Calibration of the model parameters is performed using market prices of standard call options. Our results show that the prices of barrier options that are priced with the BPRE model deviate significantly from those modeled assuming a lognormal process, despite the fact that for standard options, the corresponding differences between the two models are relatively small.

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Gonçalves, Tânia, João Rebelo, Lina Lourenço-Gomes, and José Caldas. "Wine price determinants. Is there a homogeneous international standard?" Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-8879.

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This article presents an international comparison of the main determinants of wine prices in specialist online wine shops. Hedonic price functions were estimated for 9624 wines spread among four datasets from France, Italy, Germany and Australia. To explain price variation data was collected on wine classification, closure type, wine origin, medals or awards, vintage, alcohol content, color, and grape variety. Results from quantile regression models show that the wine vintage is a common price driver in all markets and quantiles. A quite similar effect was found for alcohol content. In terms of color, the implicit prices for red and white wines are also structurally different between countries, particularly in origin, blend, closure, awards and age. Thus, the markets should be assumed as heterogeneous, and the extrapolation of the results from one market to another may lead to erroneous management decisions.

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Yamaki, Satoru, and Nobuyoshi Yabuki. "Concentration of Bid Prices Just Above the Standard Minimum Price in Public Construction Works." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2021.10.3.177.

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In Japan, contract offices are mandated to set threshold prices for public works. A threshold price is the upper limit of the bid price, and a contractor who exceeds this threshold is disqualified. Furthermore, based on the threshold price, a minimum price is set as a price requiring investigation before acceptance. In recent years, bids and contracts for public works have generally had bid prices concentrated slightly above the standard minimum for investigation. It has been pointed out that this tendency is detrimental in terms of the motivation of engineers and social costs. In this study, we confirm that this tendency was alleviated and that the level of the winning bidder's technical evaluation score was feasible at the same time. In addition, we obtained quantitative findings on variables that affect both above. Furthermore, although it is impossible to achieve a perfect balance between alleviating the tendency of prices to concentrate slightly above the standard minimum for investigation and sufficient technical evaluation scores, elements necessary to improve the overall situation were quantitatively identified.

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Rajendran, K. N., and Gerard J. Tellis. "Contextual and Temporal Components of Reference Price." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 1 (January 1994): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800102.

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An emerging consensus in marketing is that consumers respond to price relative to some standard or reference price. Most researchers modeling brand choice have reasoned that this standard is based on past prices of the brand. The authors argue that consumers do use reference prices, but one that is also based on context—other prices in the store—rather than on past prices alone. An analysis of households’ brand choices in two subcategories and over three cities supports this premise. Within context, the lowest price seems to be an important cue for reference price, whereas within time, a brand's own past prices seem to be the most important cue. Households’ use of a contextual reference price also varies predictably across some consumer characteristics. Though their model can be applied to other categories, the findings have important managerial implications: Managerial focus on temporal reference prices could lead to an everyday high price, whereas focus on contextual reference prices could lead to an everyday low price. Only the inclusion of both contextual and temporal reference prices justifies variable pricing.

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Richards, Timothy J., and Stephen F. Hamilton. "Retail price discrimination and food waste." European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, no. 5 (July 29, 2020): 1861–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurrag/jbaa012.

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Abstract We examine a food retailer’s incentive to use a minimum quality standard as part of a quality-based price-discrimination strategy and show how price discrimination can result in a substantial level of retail food waste. Using data from a major US food retailer, we estimate a structural model of retail price discrimination and conduct a series of counter-factual experiments to demonstrate that observed retail prices are consistent with quality-based price discrimination in the retail market. Our findings indicate that quality standards on fresh produce can explain a substantial proportion ($7.5\%$) of food waste by retailers in the US.

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Carvalho, Carlos, Jae Won Lee, and Woong Yong Park. "Sectoral Price Facts in a Sticky-Price Model." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 216–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190205.

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We develop a multisector sticky-price DSGE model that can endogenously deliver differential responses of prices to aggregate and sectoral shocks. Input-output production linkages and a (standard) monetary policy rule contribute to a slow response of prices to aggregate shocks. In turn, labor market segmentation at the sectoral level induces within-sector strategic substitutability in price-setting decisions, which helps the model deliver a fast response of prices to sector-specific shocks. We estimate the model using aggregate and sectoral price and quantity data for the United States and find that it accounts well for a range of sectoral price facts. (JEL E12, E21, E31, E32, E43, E52)

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LEHN, FRIEDERIKE, and ENNO BAHRS. "QUANTILE REGRESSION OF GERMAN STANDARD FARMLAND VALUES: DO THE IMPACTS OF DETERMINANTS VARY ACROSS THE CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 50, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 453–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2018.8.

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Abstract Because of considerably increased farmland prices, not only in Germany, the question arises whether farmland is still affordable for farmers. Hence, there is a call for price caps. If farmland prices are to be capped by political intervention, identifying the main farmland price determinants especially for the highest prices is essential. Using quantile regression for German standard farmland values, we find heterogeneous relationships across the estimated quantiles for several covariates. Nonagricultural factors are often more pronounced at the upper tail of the conditional distribution. We recommend focusing primarily on factors in the upper quantiles to prevent further farmland price increases.

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Melching, Konstantin, and Tristan Nguyen. "On the Impact of Dividend Payments on Stock Prices - an Empirical Analysis of the German Stock Market." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0020.

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Abstract This paper examines the relation between dividend payments and stock prices of all firms in the German prime standard DAX 30 in the time period from 2012 to 2019. The irrelevance theory introduced by Miller and Modigliani states that dividend payments must not have an impact on stock prices in a perfect market. In contrast, the signaling theory and the dividend puzzle indicate that dividend payments are likely to have a profound impact on the stock price. According to our findings the ex-dividend decrease of stock prices was significantly smaller than the dividend payment. Nevertheless, the results support the impact of the dividend payment on the share price. Firstly, the existence of the ex-dividend markdown is a proof that dividend payments cause share price losses. Secondly, the study explains in particular that high dividend payments result in high share prices over the examined period. Thirdly, our analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between the dividend and the stock price development according to the signaling theory. Considering the above- mentioned results, we can conclude that the share price of a company is highly affected by the decision making of the company regarding the dividend policy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standard price"

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Reinecke, Juliane Theresa Ute. "From 'Fair Trade' to Fairtrade : the politics of values and ethical standard setting." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609402.

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Chan, Ka-lin Karen. "Forecasting models for Hong Kong's consumer price index." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787202.

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Chan, Ka-lin Karen, and 陳家蓮. "Forecasting models for Hong Kong's consumer price index." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197725X.

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Lee, Sang H. "Index inclusion effect growth vs. value /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1451.

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Kariuki, Isaac Maina [Verfasser]. "Price Formation in the Presence of International Private Food Quality Standard: The case of Kenyan French beans / Isaac Maina Kariuki." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024277828/34.

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Bunger, R. C. (Robert Charles). "Derivation of Probability Density Functions for the Relative Differences in the Standard and Poor's 100 Stock Index Over Various Intervals of Time." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330882/.

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In this study a two-part mixed probability density function was derived which described the relative changes in the Standard and Poor's 100 Stock Index over various intervals of time. The density function is a mixture of two different halves of normal distributions. Optimal values for the standard deviations for the two halves and the mean are given. Also, a general form of the function is given which uses linear regression models to estimate the standard deviations and the means. The density functions allow stock market participants trading index options and futures contracts on the S & P 100 Stock Index to determine probabilities of success or failure of trades involving price movements of certain magnitudes in given lengths of time.

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Tegze, Ondřej. "Vytvoření cenových podkladů pro stanovení tržního nájemného v bytech pro lokalitu Brno - Žabovřesky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232534.

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The aim of my diploma thesis is to prepare documents for price calculation and determination of the common rent in the suburb of Brno - Žabovřesky. In this work, I used information from executed leases Realtors Matras&Matras & Real Estate Ltd. and Dvorak. Analysis of factors affecting price formation I have devoted the factors that I considered at that locality as valid for determining the price and verifying their influence on rental prices. I added my own factor into the monitored critical factors. This factor is noise. As the analysis results showed it was a major factor that significantly affects the final price of the lease. His inclusion among the decisive factors was correct. By setting standards and calculation of coefficients, I obtain results that helped determine the normal cost of rent and contributed to the view of the importance of determining the level of the individual factors to calculate the final rental price. Data collection, analysis and examination of the relationships between the key factors, I see as a guide for calculating the normal price, which will be used by districts and the real estate market.

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Kubičková, Veronika. "Srovnání vybraných způsobů ocenění pro nemovitost typu rodinný dům v lokalitě okolí Tišnova." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232526.

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My diploma paper is focused on description of the ways of assessing, which are used in practice. The diploma paper should also make a comparison between those assessing methods and recognise the difference between them. Next aim of my diploma paper is to shortly mention the questions of International valuation norms (standards), but only those parts, which are related with assessing of real property. Practical part of my diploma paper is especially focused on assessing of family houses by chosen assessing methods, which are: cost approach, comparison method (nenašla jsem), standard price and price at present time. Whose resultant values will be compared. Partial task is recognition how the aspect of job opportunity is influencing the price of family house, which was counted by comparison method.

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Maňásek, Petr. "Povolování terénních úprav a jejich návaznost na oceňovací předpisy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241333.

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This thesis deals with landscaping issues from the legal standpoint and evaluates the influence of landcaping on the price of estate according to legislative assessment and standard price in the Stare Mesto region.

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Černocký, Robert. "OCEŇOVÁNÍ STAVEB POŠKOZENÝCH, NEPOVOLENÝCH A NEOPRÁVNĚNÝCH." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234611.

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This PhD thesis analyzes the current, by experts in minimum benchmark solved condition of valuation of damaged, unlicensed and unauthorized buildings, it defines the problematic status of the individual administrative areas where the expert report is the decisive evidence and it recommends suitable method of valuation of these buildings, so as to minimize the risk of bringing faulty expert opinion. The paper not only explains the basic concepts identified in the relevant legislation, but also systematically analyzes the possible ways of determining the usual price of mentioned buildings. Derived ways of valuation methods are validated on examples and evaluated. On the basis of this verification there is a recommended procedure to determine the usual price of these types of buildings, ie. the expert standard.

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Books on the topic "Standard price"

1

The standard opalescent glass price guide. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 1992.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. 9th ed. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 1994.

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Edwards, Bill. The standard carnival glass price guide. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 2000.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. 7th ed. Paducah, KY (P.O. Box 3009, Paducah 42001): Collector Books, 1989.

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The standard carnival glass price guide. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 1996.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. 5th ed. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 1986.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 1998.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. Paducah, Ky: Collector Books, 2002.

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Bill, Edwards. The standard carnival glass price guide. 6th ed. Paducah, KY: Collector Books, 1987.

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Sellari, Carlo. The standard old bottle price guide. Paducah, KY: Collector Books, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Standard price"

1

Sassower, Raphael. "Four Standard Approaches." In The Price of Public Intellectuals, 58–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137385024_3.

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Woods, J. E. "Price Variations and the Standard Commodity." In The Production of Commodities, 56–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20483-0_5.

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Wiesmeth, Hans. "The Price-Standard Approach to Environmental Policy." In Environmental Economics, 183–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24514-5_11.

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Grytten, Ola Honningdal, and Arngrim Hunnes. "Price Stability in the Periphery during the International Gold Standard: Scandinavia." In The Gold Standard Peripheries, 58–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230362314_4.

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Price, Jennie. "Sub-Contract Price and Variations." In Sub-Contracting under the JCT Standard Forms of Building Contract, 95–110. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13260-7_6.

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Do, Sang Thanh, Thi Thanh Nguyen, Dong-Min Woo, and Dong-Chul Park. "Standard Additive Fuzzy System for Stock Price Forecasting." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems, 279–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12101-2_29.

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Yuan, Hanning, Wenzhong Shi, and Jiabing Sun. "Mining Standard Land Price with Tension Spline Function." In Advanced Data Mining and Applications, 792–803. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11527503_94.

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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 174–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0174.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.

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Mokhtarzadeh, Fatemeh. "A global vector autoregression model for softwood lumber trade." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 174–93. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0008.

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Abstract A novel econometric approach is developed in this chapter, namely, the Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the country-level impacts of various domestic, foreign, and/or global shocks on softwood lumber trade. The GVAR approach is applied to Canada-U.S. trade in softwood lumber and used to analyze the effect of external shocks on Canadian lumber prices. Findings indicate that Canada's export prices are positively correlated to U.S. housing starts and real GDP. Further, using impulse response functions, it is used to examine the effects on regional lumber export prices in Canada of: (1) a change in U.S. housing starts; (2) a reduction in U.S. GDP by one standard deviation; (3) a COVID-19 induced decline in U.S. GDP (of three standard deviations); (4) an increase in global oil prices; and, in the Appendix, (5) an increase in the long-term interest rate. Price impacts vary a great deal by Canadian region depending on the type of shock, with the propagation mechanism in Alberta significantly different from that in other regions. For example, with an oil price shock and because Alberta is a major exporter of oil, the lumber export price remains high even as the shock dissipates over time.

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Atamer, Yeşim M., and Pascal Pichonnaz. "Control of Price Related Terms in Standard Form Contracts." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 249–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48675-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Standard price"

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Weiwei Zhang and Zhongjun Zhao. "Research on standard land price based on space syntax." In 2012 International Symposium on Geomatics for Integrated Water Resources Management (GIWRM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giwrm.2012.6349614.

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Ecer, Fatih. "Comparision of Hedonic Regression Method and Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Housing Prices in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01150.

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Owner-occupied housing is both a place to live and also the most important asset in many households’ portfolio. Accurately predicting of house prices is therefore of great interest to the general public. This paper aims to compare the housing price prediction accuracies of Hedonic Model (HM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In order to achieve this aim, two techniques’ prediction results were compared by using four performance criteria: RMSE, MAE, MAD, and Theil’s U statistic. This study uses the HM and ANNs to empirically determine the house prices in Turkey. HM is the standard technique for modeling the behavior of house prices over the past three decades and is based on micro economic theory. The non-linear relationship between house price and its determinants can be modeled by an ANN, so it is employed in this paper as an alternative method. Empirical results revealed that ANNs performed better than HM in house price predictions, indicating that ANNs could be useful for prediction of house prices. More clearly, the performance criteria from the ANNs are smaller than those from the HM by roughly 60-90%. For instance, the ANN model has about 77 percent lower RMSE, 91 percent lower MAE, 64 percent lower MAD, and 77 percent lower Theil’s U statistic than those of the HM.

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Peng, Xiaoyan, and Lin Li. "The method study of building grid standard land price based on Thiessen polygon interpolation method." In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint conference on GIS and Built Environment: The Built Environment and its Dynamics, edited by Lin Liu, Xia Li, Kai Liu, Xinchang Zhang, and Xinhao Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.812868.

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"Evaluation and Discussion on the Standard Land Price of Public Service Project Land in Small Town." In 2019 Annual Conference of the Society for Management and Economics. The Academy of Engineering and Education (AEE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35532/jsss.v4.030.

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Sümer, Kutluk Kağan. "Monte Carlo Methods and New Jump Diffusion Processes and Their Application in Gold Price." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02000.

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This study aimed to execute Monte Carlo simulation method with Wiener Process, Generalized Wiener Process, Mean Reversion Process and Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process and to compare them and then expended with the idea of how to include negative and positive news shocks in the gold market to the Monte Carlo simulation. By enhancing the determination of the 3 standard deviation shocks within the process of Classic Mean Jump Diffusion Process, an enchanted model for the 1,96 and 3 standard deviation shocks were being used and additionally positive and negative shocks were added to the system in a different way. This new Mean Reversion Jump Diffusion Process that have been developed by Sümer, executes Monte Carlo simulation regarding the gold market return with five random variables that are chosen from Poisson distribution and one random variable chosen from the normal distribution. Additionally, by accepting volatilities as outlies over the 1,96 and 3 standard deviations with the effect of the new and good news and the standard deviations on the traditional approximate return and the standard deviations (volatility) and the obtained new approximate return and the new standard deviation (volatility) and compares them with the Monte Carlo simulations.

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Veeramani, Raj, and Tushar Mehendale. "Online Design and Price Quotations for Complex Product Assemblies: The Case of Overhead Cranes." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9079.

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Abstract Several companies, particularly in the retail industry, have successfully employed E–Commerce for promoting and selling of their standard, catalog products over the Internet. However, the majority of manufacturing companies deal with modified–standard and custom products, not standard, catalog products. In this paper, we describe how even manufacturers of complex product assemblies can take advantage of E–Commerce technologies for online design, configuration and price quotation in real–time, based on customer specified product requirements. We illustrate a prototype system in the context of an overhead crane manufacturer.

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Lam, Edward, Pierre Le Bodic, Daniel D. Harabor, and Peter J. Stuckey. "Branch-and-Cut-and-Price for Multi-Agent Pathfinding." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/179.

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There are currently two broad strategies for optimal Multi-agent Pathfinding (MAPF): (1) search-based methods, which model and solve MAPF directly, and (2) compilation-based solvers, which reduce MAPF to instances of well-known combinatorial problems, and thus, can benefit from advances in solver techniques. In this work, we present an optimal algorithm, BCP, that hybridizes both approaches using Branch-and-Cut-and-Price, a decomposition framework developed for mathematical optimization. We formalize BCP and compare it empirically against CBSH and CBSH-RM, two leading search-based solvers. Conclusive results on standard benchmarks indicate that its performance exceeds the state-of-the-art: solving more instances on smaller grids and scaling reliably to 100 or more agents on larger game maps.

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8

Hidayat, Agus Sofian Eka, and Gunardi. "Calculation of crop insurance premium based on dependence among yield price, crop yield, and standard rainfall index using vine copula." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH SEAMS-UGM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS 2019: Deepening Mathematical Concepts for Wider Application through Multidisciplinary Research and Industries Collaborations. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5139122.

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9

Ramdhanie, Arti. "MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETECTION OF UNFAIR PRICING IN SUPERMARKETS ACROSS TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/gids9258.

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The tracking of prices in monitored supermarkets across Trinidad and Tobago is done by the Ministry of Trade and Industry. This initiative involves data collection every month for 118 grocery items (“standard basket”). The task of identifying which supermarkets are non-conforming in their pricing schemes is linked to the “total basket price” (total cost of the 118 items). An outlier is defined as any datapoint that varies significantly from all other observations in a dataset. In this paper, it is any supermarket that exceeds this total basket price by 5%. The aim of this research was twofold, with the first goal being to employ feature selection methods to reduce the number of items being collected. The second goal was to create a logistic regression learning model that can identify whether supermarkets are non-conforming, given their pricing information. The dataset contained 692 datapoints and out of these, only eight (8) were classified as outliers. This is an imbalanced dataset. Resampling by SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) was used to synthetically generate data for the training set. Seven (7) feature selection methods were also investigated and their results discussed and analysed. In doing this, a more balanced dataset was achieved which was tested and validated on the unseen data (testing set). The metrics indicated that a subset of these features can be collected whilst still maintaining the supermarket outliers.

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10

Gutium, Mircea. "Evolution of Consumption Expenditures of Population of the Republic of Moldova." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/23.

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Consumption expenditures is one of the key indicators that reflects the purchasing power of the population. Purchasing power in turn shows the level of social welfare. The population with a stable evolution of consumer spending is at least able to maintain its level of consumption with inflation. In addition, if consumer spending rises in proportion to the level of inflation, there is an increase in welfare and living standards. High level of consumption has positive influence on business. greater aggregate demand will generate more profits, boost company development, and foster job creation. In this study, the affirmation was verified that the consumer price index is one of the factors that influence the standard of living, but not primarily. The following scientific methods were used to approve or reject the statement: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, graphical and tabular method, comparative analysis method, correlation and regression analysis. In this study there was made comparison of consumption evolution and its structure in the Republic of Moldova and in the European Union to identify the difference in welfare. The linear regression model between the consumer price index and growth rate of household expenditures was elaborated.

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Reports on the topic "Standard price"

1

Wang, Banban, William Pizer, and Clayton Munnings. Price Limits in a Tradable Performance Standard. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28368.

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2

Baumeister, Christiane J. S., Reinhard Ellwanger, and Lutz Kilian. Did the Renewable Fuel Standard Shift Market Expectations of the Price of Ethanol? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23752.

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3

Kneifel, Joshua, and David Butry. Impact of More Precise Electricity Price Data on Estimated Energy Costs from Energy Standard Adoption for Buildings. National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1179.

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4

Bazot, Guillaume, Michael Bordo, and Eric Monnet. The Price of Stability: The balance sheet policy of the Banque de France and the Gold Standard (1880-1914). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20554.

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5

Spurlock, Cecily Anna. Appliance Efficiency Standards and Price Discrimination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171529.

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6

Kellogg, Ryan. Gasoline Price Uncertainty and the Design of Fuel Economy Standards. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23024.

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7

Carnall, Michael, Larry Dale, and Alex Lekov. Effect of Energy Efficiency Standards on Natural Gas Prices. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1045930.

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8

Knittel, Christopher, Ben Meiselman, and James Stock. The Pass-Through of RIN Prices to Wholesale and Retail Fuels under the Renewable Fuel Standard. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21343.

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9

Benzoni, Luca, Pierre Collin-Dufresne, and Robert Goldstein. Can Standard Preferences Explain the Prices of out of the Money S&P 500 Put Options. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11861.

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10

Cumby, Robert. Forecasting Exchange Rates and Relative Prices with the Hamburger Standard: Is What You Want What You Get With McParity? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5675.

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