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Vil'k, M. F., O. S. Sachkova, L. A. Levanchuk, and E. O. Latynin. "Peculiarities in assessing occupational health risks for workers who are in contact with aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.12.eng.
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In Russia there is a system for standardizing and control over aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effects and dust particles with different structure. But at the same time there are no hygienic standards for fine-dispersed dust contents in working area air and it makes hygienic assessment of working conditions more complicated and impedes use of risk assessment methodology. Our research goal was to substantiate a concentration of aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles (РМ10 и РМ2.5) in working are air that were harmless for workers’ health. It was done via applying a procedure for determining dust burden and using it when calculating health risks for workers. We assessed dust content in working area air with focus on fine-dispersed dust particles РМ10 и РМ2.5 with a dust measuring device «OMPN-10.0». Chemical structure of dust particles was determined with atomic absorption procedure. Results were estimated according to HS 2.2.5.3532-18. Dust burden was calculated according to State standard GOST R 54578-2011. We established dependence between duration of working experience under exposure to fine-dispersed dust that was harmless for health and a value of excess in dust contents over the suggested concentration and work shift duration. To assess health risk for workers caused by exposure to fine-dispersed dust particles taking their chemical structure into account, we determined reference concentrations for working area air; 0.1 mg/m3 for РМ10, and 0.055 mg/m3 for РМ2.5. Use of calculated concentrations allowed suggesting models for calculating harmless duration of working experience under exposure to dusts in concentrations higher than recommended ones. The results enable substantiating organizational activities aimed at workers’ health preservation.
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Vil'k, M. F., O. S. Sachkova, L. A. Levanchuk, and E. O. Latynin. "Peculiarities in assessing occupational health risks for workers who are in contact with aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.12.eng.
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In Russia there is a system for standardizing and control over aerosols with predominantly fibrogenic effects and dust particles with different structure. But at the same time there are no hygienic standards for fine-dispersed dust contents in working area air and it makes hygienic assessment of working conditions more complicated and impedes use of risk assessment methodology. Our research goal was to substantiate a concentration of aerosols containing fine-dispersed dust particles (РМ10 и РМ2.5) in working are air that were harmless for workers’ health. It was done via applying a procedure for determining dust burden and using it when calculating health risks for workers. We assessed dust content in working area air with focus on fine-dispersed dust particles РМ10 и РМ2.5 with a dust measuring device «OMPN-10.0». Chemical structure of dust particles was determined with atomic absorption procedure. Results were estimated according to HS 2.2.5.3532-18. Dust burden was calculated according to State standard GOST R 54578-2011. We established dependence between duration of working experience under exposure to fine-dispersed dust that was harmless for health and a value of excess in dust contents over the suggested concentration and work shift duration. To assess health risk for workers caused by exposure to fine-dispersed dust particles taking their chemical structure into account, we determined reference concentrations for working area air; 0.1 mg/m3 for РМ10, and 0.055 mg/m3 for РМ2.5. Use of calculated concentrations allowed suggesting models for calculating harmless duration of working experience under exposure to dusts in concentrations higher than recommended ones. The results enable substantiating organizational activities aimed at workers’ health preservation.
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Ismail, Abdi, Achmad Zubaydi, Bambang Piscesa, and Rizky Chandra Ariesta. "Vibration-based damage identification for ship sandwich plate using finite element method." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0086.
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AbstractThe sandwich plate can be used to replace the conventional steel stiffened plates on the ship’s hull structure. By using the sandwich plate, not only the stiffness of the plate can be increased but also the overall ship weight can be reduced, as well as the ship payload can be increased. The sandwich plate should be accompanied by the damage identification system to prevent ship structural failure. In this paper, the global damage identification method, which is based on the vibration analysis, is investigated. For that purpose, the vibration-based damage identification using the Finite Element Method (FEM) is explored. The variables being investigated are the damage sizes, damage locations, and the boundary conditions which affect the natural frequencies of the structures. The sandwich plate considered in this study consisted of steel faceplates with the polyurethane elastomer core, which has been checked to meet Lloyd’s register, an international maritime standard. From the analysis, it is found that the fully clamped boundary conditions accompanied by high vibration modes are more sensitive to the presence of artificial damage. The changes in the natural frequencies can be used as a reference to identify the size and location of damage in the sandwich plate.
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Zaitseva, N. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, Yu V. Koldibekova, and N. I. Bulatova. "Omic markers identification for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.05.eng.
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Proteomic profiling is a promising procedure for examining and substantiating molecular mechanisms of body reactions occurrence and development as a response to adverse impacts; it allows detecting and examining these reactions at early stages in their development prior to cellular damage and damage to organs. Studies aimed at increasing efficiency of adverse effects prediction are especially vital for solving tasks related to early detection and prevention of consequences associated with exposure to chemical environmental factors, first of all, ambient air. Our research goal was to identify omic-markers for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood. We performed proteomic blood plasma examination in children and modeled cause-and-effect relations. Children with copper and nickel contents in their blood being 3.5 times higher than physiological standard had approximately 20 protein stains that were authentically different from those detected in children from the reference group. We detected correlations between an increase in relative volume of three protein stains including apolipoprotein A-I, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, vitronectin, and a decrease in relative volume of one protein strain including transthyretin and elevated copper and nickel contents in blood (R2=0.30–0.44; р=0.0001–0.008). All the above-mentioned proteins have predictive significance when it comes down to negative effects related to neuroregulation disorders and endothelial dysfunction. It was proven that there was a risk of predicted negative effects such as greater frequency of nervous and cardiovascular system diseases in case copper and nickel contents in blood were elevated (R2=0.35–0.96; р=0.0001–0.013). The established list of potential target molecules (apolipoprotein A-I, vitronectin, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, and transthyretin) and genes that coded their expression (APOA1, VTN,AKAP9,TTR) was substantiated as omic-markers indicating a possibility that negative effects might occur in the cardiovascular and nervous system.
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Popova, Y. B., and S. V. Yatsynovich. "SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR SCORM CONTENT MIGRATION IN THE LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2017-1-87-96.
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Using of learning management systems increases the possibility of teachers and students in achieving their goals in education. Such systems provide learning content, help to organize and to monitor training progress, help to collect statistics. However, the transition from one LMS to another there is a problem of content migration, because all training materials and tests should either be recreated, or somehow be migrated to the new system. Content migration by hand is a very time-consuming process, so the leading developers of the learning management systems developed a standard for the organization and storage of content, called SCORM (Eng., Sharable Content Object Reference Model). Created by this standard, the content must migrate to the learning management system provided its support for these systems. SCORM standard allows you to create training content that is not dependent on the learning management system, but the loosely embedded in it. This approach enables teachers to develop unique courses and put them free available or for sale in the Internet for all interested persons, and to use educational content created by the best specialists around the world to carry out their activities. The content on the SCORM standard imposes certain requirements on the learning management systems, as they do not distort the training content and properly interact with the tests. The aim of this article is a software implementation of a content migration by SCORM standard from other learning management systems in its own development used at the Software Department of the Faculty of Information Technology and Robotics of the Belarusian National Technical University.
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Drăghici, Nicu Cătălin, Maria Magdalena Tămaș, Daniel Corneliu Leucuța, Tudor Dimitrie Lupescu, Ștefan Strilciuc, Simona Rednic, and Dafin Fior Mureșanu. "Diagnosis Accuracy of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Diabetic Neuropathy." Medicina 56, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060279.
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Background and objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common pathology, but sometimes the diagnosis is delayed in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). The aim of the study is twofold: first, to compare the accuracy of ultrasound (US) with that of electroneurography (ENG) in the diagnosis of CTS associated with DN, using the clinical diagnosis as a reference standard, and second, to investigate the correlation between morphological US parameters and electrodiagnosis (EDX) measurements in patients with CTS and DN. Materials and Methods: This study included patients with DN. They were divided into two groups: Control (patients without CTS) and Cases (patients with CTS). We performed US and ENG in both hands, totaling 56 wrists, with 28 wrists in each group. Results: We found that the difference in the sensory distal latencies between the median and the ulnar nerves (ring finger) exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy of all the US and ENG parameters, areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) = 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1), and it was significantly different from the best US diagnostic method. The wrist cross-sectional area (CSA) had the most accurate US diagnosis, while the wrist-to-forearm ratio had the worst AUC. Moreover, in the group of CTS and DN patients, the wrist CSA enlargement was statistically directly proportional to the median compound muscle action potential (CMAP) distal latency and inversely proportional to the antidromic median nerve conduction study (NCS) and the orthodromic median palm–wrist NCS. Conclusions: Both examinations can be used with confidence in the diagnosis of CTS overlapping with DN, but the EDX examination seems to be more accurate. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the US and EDX parameters.
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Jo, Yunsoo, Youngwoo Kil, Jongsik Ryu, Junghwan Seol, The Cong Nguyen, Woochul Jung, and Sanghee Park. "Molybdenum Isotope Analysis of Standard Reference Materials." Economic and Environmental Geology 49, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9719/eeg.2016.49.2.89.
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Zhang, Chunguo, and Shuangge Yang. "Probabilistic Prediction of Strength and Fracture Toughness Scatters for Ceramics Using Normal Distribution." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050727.
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Tensile strength ft and fracture toughness KIC of ceramic are not deterministic properties or fixed values, but fluctuate within certain ranges. A nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics model was developed in this study and combined with the common normal distribution to predict ceramic’s ft and KIC with consideration of their scatters in a statistical sense. In the model, the relative characteristic crack size a*ch/G (characteristic crack size a*ch, average grain size G) was determined based on the fracture measurements on five types of ceramics with different G from 2 to 20 μm in the reference (Usami S, et al., Eng. Fract Mech. 1986, 23, 745). The combined application of the model and normal distribution has two functions: (i) probabilistic ft and KIC can be derived from seemingly randomly varied fracture tests on small ceramic specimens containing different initial defects/cracks, and (ii) with ft or KIC values (corresponding mean and standard deviation), fracture strength of heterogeneous samples with and without cracks can be predicted by considering scatter described by specified reliability. For the fine ceramics, the predicted results containing the mean and the upper and lower bounds with 96% reliability gained with the model, match very well with the experimental results (a, σN).
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Wellek, S., J. L. Willems, and J. Michaelis. "Reference Standards for Software Evaluation." Methods of Information in Medicine 29, no. 04 (1990): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634806.
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AbstractThe field of automated ECG analysis was one of the earliest topics in Medical Informatics and may be regarded as a model both for computer-assisted medical diagnosis and for evaluating medical diagnostic programs. The CSE project has set reference standards of two kinds: In a broad sense, a standard how to perform a comprehensive evaluation study, in a narrow sense, standards as specific references for evaluating computer ECG programs. The evaluation methodology used within the CSE project is described as a basis for presentation of results which are published elsewhere in this issue.
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Sinitsyna, O. O., S. I. Plitman, G. P. Ampleeva, O. A. Gil'denskiol'd, and T. M. Ryashentseva. "Essential elements and standards for their contents in drinking water." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.04.eng.
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Certain essential and conditionally essential natural elements (selenium, chromium, iodine, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, fluorine, lithium, silicon, boron, and bromine) are standardized in terms of their contents in drinking water as per sanitary-toxicological parameters of adverse health effects. Our research goal was to determine a contribution made by drinking water into supplying a human body with essential natural elements as well as to substantiate the necessity to update standards regarding these substances. We applied calculation models for dose equivalents of essential elements MPC (maximum permissible concentration), MPC calculations for these substances basing on a necessary 20 % contribution made by drinking water into reference doses, and calculation of non-carcinogenic health risks due to essential elements occurrence in specific drinking water sources with these elements being distributed into different groups as per similar effects produced on certain organs and systems in a body. We took existing drinking water sources containing 6 essential elements with similar effects as an example and applied a procedure for assessing non-carcinogenic health risks. Acting nickel and selenium MPC do not supply a body with an optimal daily intake whereas their determined MPC are not only harmless but also conform to the minimum necessary intake dose. At the same time neither acting lithium MPC nor its calculated one taking into account risk assessment based on internationally accepted reference doses doesn’t provide the minimum necessary daily intake into a human body. When boron and vanadium are contained in drinking water in a concentration close to their MPC, then their 20 % contribution into the reference dose is exceeded (71.4 % and 164.7 % accordingly). Introduction of these essential elements with food can become a factor that determines non-carcinogenic risk level.
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Rosette, Jean J. M. C. H. de la, and Jens J. Rassweiler. "Bipolar TURP Treatment for BPH Refractory to Medication: The Past, Present, and Future Surgical Reference Standard." Journal of Endourology 22, no. 9 (September 2008): 2111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2008.9733.
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Luo, Qingfei, Xiaoshan Huang, and Gary H. Glover. "Ballistocardiogram artifact removal with a reference layer and standard EEG cap." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 233 (August 2014): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.06.021.
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Krasner, S. W. "The use of reference materials in sensory analysis." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0445.
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In descriptive sensory techniques, reference materials are used to establish a common vocabulary for various aromas and flavors. A reference standard can be any chemical or natural material that adequately represents the particular characteristic described. This paper evaluates the utility of various reference materials that have been proposed as odor standards. The odor reference library used included odors commonly attributable to microbiological and industrial sources. The results of utilizing reference standards demonstrated that some materials were very good; that is, they yielded a distinctive odor that transcended cultural and language differences, as well as different levels of experience. Other aromas required several standards to distinguish among subtle but important differences, e.g., geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol to differentiate earthy/musty odors. These standards also included natural materials prepared in various states to reference different types of common odors in water - for example, grass clippings (in water) that had been freshly cut to represent a grassy odor, or had been held for a week to represent a septic odor, as well as dried grass for a hay odor. Other reference materials yielded bimodal distributions in which, primarily, two groups centered around different descriptors; these kinds of materials would not make good reference standards.
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Sharpless, Katherine E., and Lisa M. Gill. "Value Assignment of Nutrient Concentrations in Five Standard Reference Materials and Six Reference Materials." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.413.
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Abstract A number of food-matrix reference materials (RMs) are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and from Agriculture Canada through NIST. Most of these materials were originally value-assigned for their elemental composition (major, minor, and trace elements), but no additional nutritional information was provided. Two of the materials were certified for selected organic constituents. Ten of these materials (Standard Reference Material® [SRM] 1563 Cholesterol and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Coconut Oil [Natural and Fortified], SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue, SRM 1570a Spinach Leaves, SRM 1974a Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis), RM 8415 Whole Egg Powder, RM 8418 Wheat Gluten, RM 8432 Corn Starch, RM 8433 Corn Bran, RM 8435 Whole Milk Powder, and RM 8436 Durum Wheat Flour) were recently distributed by NIST to 4 laboratories with expertise in food analysis for the measurement of proximates (solids, fat, protein, etc.), calories, and total dietary fiber, as appropriate. SRM 1846 Infant Formula was distributed as a quality control sample for the proximates and for analysis for individual fatty acids. Two of the materials (Whole Egg Powder and Whole Milk Powder) were distributed in an earlier interlaboratory comparison exercise in which they were analyzed for several vitamins. Value assignment of analyte concentrations in these 11 SRMs and RMs, based on analyses by the collaborating laboratories, is described in this paper. These materials are intended primarily for validation of analytical methods for the measurement of nutrients in foods of similar composition (based on AOAC INTERNATIONAL's fat–protein–carbohydrate triangle). They may also be used as “primary control materials” in the value assignment of in-house control materials of similar composition. The addition of proximate information for 10 existing reference materials means that RMs are now available from NIST with assigned values for proximates in 6 of the 9 sectors of the AOAC triangle. Five of these materials have values assigned for total dietary fiber—the first such information provided for materials available from NIST.
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Paquot, Magali, and Luke Plonsky. "Quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.3.1.03paq.
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Abstract This study aims to provide the first empirical assessment of quantitative research methods and study quality in learner corpus research. We systematically review quantitative primary studies referenced in the Learner Corpus Bibliography (LCB), a representative bibliography of learner corpus research maintained by the Learner Corpus Association which contained 1,276 references when the current study began. Each primary study in the LCB was coded for over fifty features representing six dimensions: (a) publication type (i.e. conference paper, book chapter, journal article), (b) research focus (e.g. lexis, grammar), (c) methodological features (e.g. keyword analysis, error analysis, use of reference corpus), (d) statistical analyses (e.g. X², t-test, regression analysis), and (e) reporting practices (e.g. reliability coefficients, means). Results point to several systematic strengths as well as many flaws, such as the absence of research questions, incomplete and inconsistent reporting practices (e.g. means without standard deviations), and lack of statistical literacy (i.e. LCR studies generally overrely on tests of statistical significance, do not report effect sizes, rarely check or report whether statistical assumptions have been met, and rarely use multivariate analyses). Improvements over time, however, are clearly noted and there are signs that, like other related disciplines, learner corpus research is slowly undergoing methodological reform.
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Walker, N. A., H. L. Roth, Z. Fan, and B. V. Vaughn. "0061 Does Combining M1 M2 Reference Influence Amplitude of Slow Waves?" Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.059.
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Abstract Introduction Slow wave amplitudes are critical to determining Stage N3 sleep yet ECG artifact frequently interferes with accurate amplitude measurement. This artifact may be lessened by using a combined M1-M2 reference however theoretically this may decrease the amplitude due to shorter inter-electrode distance (predicted 27% loss). The AASM Scoring Manual recommends scoring slow wave activity using F4-M1 channel or alternatively F3-M2, but does not recognize a combined reference. This study measures the differences in slow wave amplitude using contralateral versus combine reference. Methods 12 polysomnograms were randomly selected for analysis of amplitude of slow wave using contralateral and combined reference channels. Six separate EEG channels (F3-M1, F3-M2, F3-M1+M2, F4-M1, F4-M2, and F4-M1+M2) were used to analyze 25 different slow waves from each polysomnogram. Individual slow waves from Stage N3 sleep were analyzed using the Natus Sleepworks Amplitude Measurement Tool if their peak and trough were free EKG artifact. Averages and standard deviations of the waveforms were calculated for each patient and channel. Differences were normalized by dividing by the amplitude of the original wave using the contralateral reference. Results Subjects age ranged from 30–69 yrs, with 6 being females. Mean amplitudes were as follows: F3-M2 was 131.75µV, F3-M1+M2 125.84 µV, F4-M1 130.57 µV, and F4-M1+M2 128.22µV. The overall average difference of F4-M1 to F4-M1+M2 was 0.92% and the average difference of F3-M2 to F3-M1+M2 was 3.52% with the average standard deviation of 8.47%. Conclusion This study shows the average loss in amplitude of converting F4-M1 to F4-M1+M2 was less than 1% and 3.5% for F3-M2 to F3-M1+M2. Combining M1M2 reference may be a valuable alternative to reduce EKG artifact. Support None
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Adekenova, A. S. "Reference Standards Based on the Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 18, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj399.
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The aim of this work is the development of effective method for producing the reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin for quality control of domestic herbal medicines, as well as project development concerning normative documents on reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin, an introduction of reference standards to the Pharmacopoeia of Kazakhstan. This article discusses the method of allocation and purification of reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin which are sesquiterpene lactones of guaiane type were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of <em>Chartolepis intermedia</em> Boiss., using centrifugal distribution chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, allows to obtain the qualitative target products. The effectiveness of developed technology has reduced the labor contribution in 2.0 times and as a consequence the prime cost of end products come down 3 times. Using of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin as own<br />reference standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan for monitoring of staged quality control of pharmaceutical production: access control, intermediate control and output control, it means the finished dosage form. There are some chromatographic analysis data of the samples. Such methods as IR and NMR- spectophotometries were applied for determination of molecular structure. Pharmacopoeial methods were used to determine the color, taste, odor and solubility of reference standards in various solvents. Projects for temporary Analytical Normative Documents on reference standards of Grosheimin and Cynaropicrin were developed in accordance with requirement of State Pharmacopeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the basis of obtained results the database for State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan will be formed, as well as control over production of new pharmaceuticals from <em>Chartolepis intermedia</em> Boiss. and <em>Saussurea salsa</em> (Pall.) Spreng.
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Baughman, Andrew L., Kristine M. Bisgard, Margaret M. Cortese, William W. Thompson, Gary N. Sanden, and Peter M. Strebel. "Utility of Composite Reference Standards and Latent Class Analysis in Evaluating the Clinical Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests for Pertussis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 1 (November 7, 2007): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00223-07.
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ABSTRACT Numerous evaluations of the clinical sensitivity and specificity of PCR and serologic assays for Bordetella pertussis have been hampered by the low sensitivity of culture, the gold standard test, which leads to biased accuracy estimates. The bias can be reduced by using statistical approaches such as the composite reference standard (CRS) (e.g., positive if culture or serology positive; negative otherwise) or latent class analysis (LCA), an internal reference standard based on a statistical model. We illustrated the benefits of the CRS and LCA approaches by reanalyzing data from a 1995 to 1996 study of cough illness among 212 patients. The accuracy of PCR in this study was evaluated using three reference standards: culture, CRS, and LCA. Using specimens obtained 0 to 34 days after cough onset, estimates of the sensitivity of PCR obtained using CRS (47%) and LCA (34%) were lower than the culture-based estimate (62%). The CRS and LCA approaches, which utilized more than one diagnostic marker of pertussis, likely produced more accurate reference standards than culture alone. In general, the CRS approach is simple, with a well-defined disease status. LCA requires statistical modeling but incorporates more indicators of disease than CRS. When three or more indicators of pertussis are available, these approaches should be used in evaluations of pertussis diagnostic tests.
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Zaim, Samir Rachid, Colleen Kenost, Hao Helen Zhang, and Yves A. Lussier. "Personalized beyond Precision: Designing Unbiased Gold Standards to Improve Single-Subject Studies of Personal Genome Dynamics from Gene Products." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11010024.
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Background: Developing patient-centric baseline standards that enable the detection of clinically significant outlier gene products on a genome-scale remains an unaddressed challenge required for advancing personalized medicine beyond the small pools of subjects implied by “precision medicine”. This manuscript proposes a novel approach for reference standard development to evaluate the accuracy of single-subject analyses of transcriptomes and offers extensions into proteomes and metabolomes. In evaluation frameworks for which the distributional assumptions of statistical testing imperfectly model genome dynamics of gene products, artefacts and biases are confounded with authentic signals. Model confirmation biases escalate when studies use the same analytical methods in the discovery sets and reference standards. In such studies, replicated biases are confounded with measures of accuracy. We hypothesized that developing method-agnostic reference standards would reduce such replication biases. We propose to evaluate discovery methods with a reference standard derived from a consensus of analytical methods distinct from the discovery one to minimize statistical artefact biases. Our methods involve thresholding effect-size and expression-level filtering of results to improve consensus between analytical methods. We developed and released an R package “referenceNof1” to facilitate the construction of robust reference standards. Results: Since RNA-Seq data analysis methods often rely on binomial and negative binomial assumptions to non-parametric analyses, the differences create statistical noise and make the reference standards method dependent. In our experimental design, the accuracy of 30 distinct combinations of fold changes (FC) and expression counts (hereinafter “expression”) were determined for five types of RNA analyses in two different datasets. This design was applied to two distinct datasets: Breast cancer cell lines and a yeast study with isogenic biological replicates in two experimental conditions. Furthermore, the reference standard (RS) comprised all RNA analytical methods with the exception of the method testing accuracy. To mitigate biases towards a specific analytical method, the pairwise Jaccard Concordance Index between observed results of distinct analytical methods were calculated for optimization. Optimization through thresholding effect-size and expression-level reduced the greatest discordances between distinct methods’ analytical results and resulted in a 65% increase in concordance. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that comparing accuracies of different single-subject analysis methods for clinical optimization in transcriptomics requires a new evaluation framework. Reliable and robust reference standards, independent of the evaluated method, can be obtained under a limited number of parameter combinations: Fold change (FC) ranges thresholds, expression level cutoffs, and exclusion of the tested method from the RS development process. When applying anticonservative reference standard frameworks (e.g., using the same method for RS development and prediction), most of the concordant signal between prediction and Gold Standard (GS) cannot be confirmed by other methods, which we conclude as biased results. Statistical tests to determine DEGs from a single-subject study generate many biased results requiring subsequent filtering to increase reliability. Conventional single-subject studies pertain to one or a few patient’s measures over time and require a substantial conceptual framework extension to address the numerous measures in genome-wide analyses of gene products. The proposed referenceNof1 framework addresses some of the inherent challenges for improving transcriptome scale single-subject analyses by providing a robust approach to constructing reference standards.
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Chowdhury, Minakshi, MA Malik, Mujibul Hoque, Dhruba Das, Md Humayan Kabir, and Fahmida Chowdhury. "Comparison of Growth Pattern of School Children in Sylhet, Bangladesh Using the 2000 CDC Standards and 2007 WHO Standards." BIRDEM Medical Journal 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v9i1.39722.
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Background: Growth assessment is an essential component of pediatric health surveillance because almost any problem within the physiologic, interpersonal and social domains can adversely affect growth. The most powerful tool in the growth assessment is the growth chart. Growth parameters of children are usually interpreted in relation to international standards like the National Center for Growth Statistics (NCHS) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Growth Charts of 1977 and 2000, respectively. In 2007, the World Health Organisation (WHO) published a new set of growth charts believed to be applicable to children reared healthily in all parts of the globe. The aim of current study was determine the growth pattern of school children in Sylhet using the CDC standards and WHO standards.
Methods: A Comparative cross-sectional study was done in the department of paediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital from July, 2012 to Dec, 2012. Multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for the survey. This study was carried out in selected primary schools in Sylhet Metropoliton City area. The participants were healthy school children, aged 6 to 11 years who was purposively selected. A total of 504 children were included into this study. The primary end point was to determine weight, height and body mass index (BMI) and the secondary end point was to compare the values using 2000 CDC standards and 2007 WHO standards.
Results: The mean weights, height and BMI of the studied child were lower from CDC and WHO standards but closer with the WHO standards and wider from CDC. The weight Z-scores have got closer on the two reference charts for both male and female but differ at age 6 and 7 years. The median height Z-scores were almost closer to the median for male and female at all different ages on both CDC and WHO charts. The median BMI Z-scores for both sexes were below the reference values on both CDC and WHO charts. The prevalence of underweight and stunting were higher in both sexes when determined using the CDC standards compared to WHO standards.
Conclusion: The WHO references would under diagnose under-nutrition and over-diagnose overweight/obesity in the population studied. However, this study results are closer to the WHO reference and wider from the CDC standards.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 35-43
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Dubé, E., M. Crozier, A. Middleton, and B. Best. "P111: Kussmaul's sign for the diagnosis of right ventricular myocardial infarction." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.317.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Kussmaul's sign, the absence of a drop in JVP or a paradoxical increase in JVP on inspiration, can be elicited clinically as an indicator of right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). RVMI poses unique diagnostic and management challenges. It complicates 30-50% of inferior MI and is associated with increased mortality when compared to inferior MI without RV involvement. Early recognition allows maintenance of preload by avoiding use of nitroglycerin, diuretic and narcotic medication, and treatment with fluids and vasopressors. We reviewed the evidence for Kussmaul's sign for diagnosis of RVMI. Methods: We conducted a librarian assisted search using PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database, relevant conference abstracts from 1965 to October 2019. No restrictions for language or study type were imposed. All studies with patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction were reviewed. Two independent reviewers extracted data from relevant studies. Studies were combined when similar study populations were present. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Random effects meta-analysis was performed using metaprop in Stata for the 3 reference standards combined. Subset analysis for each of the 3 reference standards was completed. Results: We identified 122 studies: 10 were selected for full text review. Eight studies had comparable populations with a total of 469 consecutive patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute inferior myocardial infarction and were included in the analysis. Prevalence of RVMI was 36% (CI 95% 31.8–40.5). References standards for the diagnosis of RVMI included echocardiography, 16 lead ECG and haemodynamic studies. A gold standard for diagnosis of RVMI is lacking and thus the reference standards were combined. Kussmaul's sign had a sensitivity of 69.3% (CI 95% 46.3 - 85.5, I2- 86.7%), specificity of 95.1% (CI 95% 75.6 - 99.2, I2- 89.3%) and LR + 14.1 (CI 95% 2.6-73.2). Subset analysis of echocardiography, ECG and haemodynamic studies revealed sensitivity of 45%, 77% and 82% (I2- 62%, N/A, 70%) respectively and specificity of 92%, 84% and 92% (I2- 86%, N/A, 86%). Conclusion: Kussmaul's sign is specific for acute right ventricular myocardial infarction and may serve as an important clinical sign of right ventricular dysfunction requiring preload preserving management.
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Arnaud, P., J. H. van Bemmel, R. Degani, P. W. Macfarlane, Chr Zywietz, and J. L. Willems. "Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography: Goals and Main Results." Methods of Information in Medicine 29, no. 04 (1990): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634793.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractComputer processing of electrocardiograms (ECGs) has over the last 15 years increased rapidly. Still, there are at present no standards for computer ECG interpretation. Different techniques are used not only for measurement and interpretation, but also for transmission and storage of data. In order to fill these gaps, a large international project, sponsored by the European Commission, was launched in 1980 to develop “Common Standards for Quantitative Electrocardiography (CSE)”. The main objective of the first CSE study was to reduce the wide variation in wave measurements currently obtained by ECG computer programs. The second study was started in 1985 and aimed at the assessment and improvement of diagnostic classification of ECG interpretation programs. To this end reference libraries of well documented ECGs have been developed and comprehensive reviewing schemes devised for the visual and computer analysis of ECGs. This task was performed by a board of cardiologists in a Delphi review process, and by 9 VCG and 10 standard 12-lead programs developed by university research groups and by industry. A third action was started in June 1989 to harmonize acquisition, encoding, interchange and storing of digital ECG data. The action thus performed have become internationally recognized milestones for the standardization of quantitative electrocardiography.
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Suffet, I. H., B. M. Brady, J. H. M. Bartels, G. Burlingame, J. Mallevialle, and T. Yohe. "Development of the Flavor Profile Analysis Method into a Standard Method for Sensory Analysis of Water." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1988): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0217.
Full textAbstract:
The standard methods committee for the 1990 edition of Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater has decided to consider adding a new (provisional) method for the sensory analysis of drinking water - Flavor profile analysis (FPA). A series of issues must be addressed before FPA can become a standard method. The methodology (e.g., temperature of aroma samples, sniffing technique, use of cups vs. flasks, rest intervals between samples, maximum number of samples examined per session) must be standardized. Reference standards for odors must be developed and implemented in order to achieve consistent odor quality descriptions. Development of a flavor wheel can help aid the classification and identification of odors.
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Shahin, Ali, Moustafa Sayem El-Daher, and Wesam Bachir. "Determination of the optical properties of Intralipid 20% over a broadband spectrum." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.843.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to characterize the optical properties of Intralipid20% using two methods modified Kubelka-Munk model and Mie theory and to test the applicability of a modified Kubelka-Munk model with a single integrating sphere system over a wide wavelength range 470 – 725nm. Scattering coefficients which estimated by these two methods were matched and the absorption effect was observed and quantified. Finally, the imaginary part of the refractive index was estimated besides scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB.W. Pogue, and M.S. Patterson, "Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry", J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 4(2006). CrossRef J. Hwang, C. Ramella-Roman, and R. Nordstrom, "Introduction: Feature Issue on Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices", Biomed. Opt. Express. 3, 6(2012). CrossRef P. Ninni, F. Martelli, and G. Zaccanti, "Intralipid: towards a diffusive reference standard for optical tissue phantoms", Phys. Med. Biol 56, 2(2011). CrossRef S. Flock, S. Jacques, B. Wilson, W. Star, and J.C. van Gemert, "Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies", Lasers. Surg. Med 4, 12(1992). CrossRef R. Michels, F. Foschum, and A. Kienle, "Optical properties of fat emulsions", Opt. Express. 16, 8(2008). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Calibration of scattering and absorption properties of a liquid diffusive medium at NIR wavelengths. Time-resolved method", Opt. Express. 15, 11(2007). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink", Biomed. Opt. Express. 5, 7(2014). CrossRef H. van Staveren, C. Moes, J. van Marle, S. Prahl, and J. van Gemert, "Light scattering in lntralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm", Appl. Opt. 30, 31(1991). CrossRef B. Wilson, M. Patterson, and S. Flock, "Indirect versus direct techniques for the measurement of the optical properties of tissues", Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 5(1987). CrossRef H. Soleimanzad, H. Gurden, and F. Pain, "Optical properties of mice skull bone in the 455- to 705-nm range", J. Biomed. Opt. 22, 1(2017). CrossRef C. Holmer et al. "Optical properties of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction", J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 1(2007). CrossRef S. Thennadil, "Relationship between the Kubelka–Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients", OSA. 25, 7(2008). CrossRef L. Yang, and B. Kruse, "Qualifying the arguments used in the derivation of the revised Kubelka–Munk theory: reply", OSA. 21, 10(2004). CrossRef W. Vargas, and G. Niklasson, "Applicability conditions of the Kubelka–Munk theory", Appl. Opt. 36, 22(1997). CrossRef A. Krainov, A. Mokeeva, E. Segeeva, P. Agrba, and M. Kirillin, "Optical properties of mouse biotissues and their optical phantoms", Opt. Spec. 115, 2(2013). CrossRef H.C. van de Hulst, Light Scattering by Small Particles. (New York, Dover Publication 1981). CrossRef C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption. (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption, version 2 (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink G. Segelstein, The complex refractive index of water [dissertation]. (Kansas, university of Missouri-Kansas city 1981). DirectLink A. Shahin, and W. Bachir, Pol. J. Med. Phys. Eng. 21, 4(2017). CrossRef
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Farley, J. R., S. L. Hall, S. Herring, C. Libanati, and J. E. Wergedal. "Reference standards for quantification of skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity in serum by heat inactivation and lectin precipitation." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.9.1878.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Putative standards of skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (from bone, bone cells, osteosarcoma cells, and Pagetic serum) and hepatic ALP (from cholestatic serum and bile) were used to compare three methods for quantifying skeletal ALP activity in serum: heat inactivation, precipitation with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and precipitation with concanavalin A (Con A). All the skeletal ALP standards were similarly sensitive to heat inactivation, as were the hepatic ALP standards. Heat inactivation separated skeletal from hepatic ALP by a 50% difference in remaining ALP activities (e.g., 23% and 74% remaining skeletal and hepatic ALP activities after 30 min at 52 degrees C). Differential precipitations with WGA and with Con A were less efficient at separating skeletal from hepatic ALP (maximum differences of < 30% remaining ALP activity). Although both types of hepatic ALP standard (cholestatic serum and bile) were precipitated with similar efficiencies by WGA and Con A, the skeletal ALP standards were not (e.g., at 2.7 g/L, WGA precipitated 78-86% of the ALP activity in Pagetic serum, but only 49% of the ALP activity in extracts of human bone). These data suggest that heat inactivation is preferable to precipitation with WGA or Con A for quantifying skeletal ALP activity in serum: it better separates skeletal from hepatic ALP activity and is not sensitive to glycosyl heterogeneity.
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Elsobeiey, Mohamed Elsayed. "Accuracy Assessment of Satellite-Based Correction Service and Virtual GNSS Reference Station for Hydrographic Surveying." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070542.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of satellite-based correction service, Trimble PP-RTX, and Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) for bathymetry determination, and check how far these techniques meet the minimum standards of the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) for hydrographic surveys. To this end, a three-hour duration session was conducted at Sharm Obhur using KAU-Hydrography 1 vessel. This session includes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data at the base station using Trimble SPS855 GNSS receiver, multibeam records using Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echo sounder, sound velocity profile using Valeport’s sound velocity profiler, Applanix POS MV measurements, and real-time PP-RTX corrections. Moreover, the VRS GNSS data was generated using Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Continuous Operation Reference Station network (KSA-CORS). It is shown that the Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) and Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) of the PP-RTX technique are 5.50 cm and 5.90 cm, respectively, which meets the IHO minimum standards for all survey orders at 95% confidence level. The THU and TVU of the VRS technique, on the other hand, are 5.75 cm and 7.05 cm at 95% confidence level, respectively. These values meet the IHO standards for all survey orders as well. Statistical analysis of the seabed surface differences showed a −0.07 cm average difference between the PP-RTX seabed surface and the reference seabed surface with a standard deviation of 3.60 cm. However, the average difference between the VRS-based seabed surface and the reference seabed surface is −0.03 cm and a standard deviation of 3.61 cm.
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Duggan, Gavin E., Joshua J. Reicher, Yun Liu, Daniel Tse, and Shravya Shetty. "Improving reference standards for validation of AI-based radiography." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1123 (July 1, 2021): 20210435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20210435.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Demonstrate the importance of combining multiple readers' opinions, in a context-aware manner, when establishing the reference standard for validation of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for, e.g. chest radiographs. By comparing individual readers, majority vote of a panel, and panel-based discussion, we identify methods which maximize interobserver agreement and label reproducibility. Methods: 1100 frontal chest radiographs were evaluated for 6 findings: airspace opacity, cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, fracture, nodules, and pneumothorax. Each image was reviewed by six radiologists, first individually and then via asynchronous adjudication (web-based discussion) in two panels of three readers to resolve disagreements within each panel. We quantified the reproducibility of each method by measuring interreader agreement. Results: Panel-based majority vote improved agreement relative to individual readers for all findings. Most disagreements were resolved with two rounds of adjudication, which further improved reproducibility for some findings, particularly reducing misses. Improvements varied across finding categories, with adjudication improving agreement for cardiomegaly, fractures, and pneumothorax. Conclusion: The likelihood of interreader agreement, even within panels of US board-certified radiologists, must be considered before reads can be used as a reference standard for validation of proposed AI tools. Agreement and, by extension, reproducibility can be improved by applying majority vote, maximum sensitivity, or asynchronous adjudication for different findings, which supports the development of higher quality clinical research. Advances in knowledge: A panel of three experts is a common technique for establishing reference standards when ground truth is not available for use in AI validation. The manner in which differing opinions are resolved is shown to be important, and has not been previously explored.
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books, 2003." College & Research Libraries 65, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.65.2.164.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than seventy years ago and continued by Eugene P. Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD111) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2004." College & Research Libraries 66, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.66.2.171.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2005." College & Research Libraries 67, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.67.2.177.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2006." College & Research Libraries 68, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.2.183.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2007." College & Research Libraries 69, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.69.2.175.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Robinson, Christine A., Anita Siu, Rachel Meyers, Ben H. Lee, and Jared Cash. "Standard Dose Development for Medications Commonly Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-19.2.118.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES: To establish standardized, rounded doses of medications for neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through a multi-institutional peer-reviewed process. METHODS: Pediatric faculty and pediatric pharmacy residents from the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Piscataway, NJ) conducted a systematic review of rounded, weight-based medication information for neonatal patients from September 2010 to April 2011. After initial review, an expanded workgroup of expert neonatal pharmacy clinicians from academic institutions throughout the United States were invited to conduct a final review. The workgroup identified 74 medications or indications in the NICU. Recommended standardized doses were established for discrete weight categories at workgroup consensus web meetings conducted from June to December 2011. Workgroup recommendations were cross-referenced with published neonatal pharmacology resources. Consensus was obtained when references provided insufficient information on medication information. RESULTS: Seventeen weight categories of increasing ranges were used, from 40 g for the lowest weights (e.g., 410–450 g) to 840 g for the highest weights (e.g., 3660–4500 g). Medications were divided into 3 categories of administration routes: oral (n = 4), intermittent intravenous (n = 64), and other (e.g., intramuscular; n=6). A significant majority of standardized doses (84%) were within 15% of their corresponding weight-calculated dose. CONCLUSIONS: Establishment of a portfolio of standardized, rounded doses of medications commonly used in the NICU was feasibly established by a multi-institutional peer review process, with the great majority of standardized doses being within clinically acceptable ranges of administration. Use of standardized, rounded doses for reduction in dosing errors may be feasible on a systematic level.
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Sharpless, Katherine E., David L. Anderson, Joseph M. Betz, Therese A. Butler, Stephen G. Capar, John Cheng, Catharine A. Fraser, et al. "Preparation and Characterization of a Suite of Ephedra-Containing Standard Reference Materials." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 1483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1483.
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Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, and the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, are collaborating to produce a series of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. A suite of ephedra materials is the first in the series, and this paper describes the acquisition, preparation, and value assignment of these materials: SRMs 3240 Ephedra sinica Stapf Aerial Parts, 3241 E. sinica Stapf Native Extract, 3242 E. sinica Stapf Commercial Extract, 3243 Ephedra-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form, and 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder. Values are assigned for ephedrine alkaloids and toxic elements in all 5 materials. Values are assigned for other analytes (e.g., caffeine, nutrient elements, proximates, etc.) in some of the materials, as appropriate. Materials in this suite of SRMs are intended for use as primary control materials when values are assigned to in-house (secondary) control materials and for validation of analytical methods for the measurement of alkaloids, toxic elements, and, in the case of SRM 3244, nutrients in similar materials.
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books of 1999." College & Research Libraries 61, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.61.2.156.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AH228) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books of 2000." College & Research Libraries 62, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.62.2.180.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books, 2000–2001." College & Research Libraries 62, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.62.5.466.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AA604) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books of 2001." College & Research Libraries 63, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.63.2.183.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M.Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD111) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Zhu, Yanxin, Yibing Geng, and Wei Xu. "Development of an Open Metadata Schema for Clinical Pathway (openCP) in China." Methods of Information in Medicine 57, no. 04 (September 2018): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me17-01-0110.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Background: By the end of the first quarter of 2017, 1212 standard Clinical Pathways (CPs) had been developed and implemented in China since 2009, however, Chinese standard CPs are still paper-based CPs. Objectives: To optimize the data structure and content of Chinese standard CPs based on Chinese health standards by two-level modeling approach and archetype method, and develop an Open Metadata Schema for Clinical Pathway (openCP) in China. Methods: We chose 43 diseases covering 7 departments of internal medicine as samples and source materials including Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Neurology, Cardiology, Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Hematology, and we followed 4 steps to develop openCP: identify reference model of openCP; develop archetype models; standardize archetype terms and metadata; and evaluate its functionality. Results: We have built hierarchical reference model and archetypes of openCP, created and standardized archetype terms and metadata, and evaluate the functionality of openCP. The qualitative comments from 5 doctors were inspiring. Discussion and Conclusions: Medical staff may easily build localized CPs in openCP which can be integrated into EHR systems and shared among different hospitals and clinics.
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Davis, Briant L., and L. Ronald Johnson. "The Use of Mass Absorption in Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021467.
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The mass absorption coefficient is perhaps the most under-utilized parameter in x-ray diffraction analysis. Mass absorption measurements are often avoided in quantitative analysis by resorting to calibration curves of internal standards (e.g., Kung and Alexander, 1974, Sec. 7-2.1). However, Leroux et al. (1953) and Frevel and Roth (1982) directly utilized the mass absorption coefficient in multicomponent analysis, and suggested a "substrate diffraction" procedure for directly measuring the sample mass absorption coefficient. The reference intensity procedure of quantitative multicomponent analysis originally formulated by Frank Chung (1974) requires no explicit use of the mass absorption coefficient because all reference intensity ratios are determined relative to an "external" standard, generally corundum (Al2O3).
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Corradetti, B., R. Perego, A. Meucci, D. Bizzaro, F. Cremonesi, and A. Lange-Consiglio. "295 EQUINE AMNION-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS: POSSIBLE IMPLICATION IN ENDOMETRIAL REGENERATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab295.
Full textAbstract:
In veterinary medicine, as in human, amnion is an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which poses no ethical dilemmas, allows highly efficient recovery of cells without the requirement of invasive procedures and shows immunomodulatory properties. We previously demonstrated that equine amniotic membrane-derived cells (AMC) not only exhibit specific stem cell properties with respect to expression of pluripotent (OCT-4, TRA-1-60, and SSEA-4) and adult (CD44, CD105, CD29, and CD166) stem cell markers but also possess differentiation potential in vitro and the capability to regenerate tendons in vivo after spontaneous lesions when allogeneically transplanted. Moreover, we reported evidence that at the first passages (P) in culture (until P5), AMC express MHC-class I but not MHC-class II and are well tolerated in vivo. In the present study, we further characterised AMC in vitro in order to evaluate their potential application in the treatment of endometritis in vivo. In particular, the amniotic membrane in toto and AMC have been compared to the endometrial tissue in toto and to cells isolated from endometrium for the expression of genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of uterine MSC during early pregnancy (AbdB-like Hoxa genes) and those influencing preimplantation conceptus development (progesterone receptor, PR, and oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ). The AMC were isolated as recently reported by Lange-Consiglio et al. (2011 Open J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 4), and endometrial cells were obtained according to the protocol described by Donofrio et al. (2008 Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 6, 65) for bovine cells, and slightly modified for equine cells. Total RNA was extracted from both tissues and from AMC and endometrium-derived cells immediately after isolation (P0). Reverse transcription-PCR was performed according to the standard procedures, using GAPDH and HPRT1 as reference genes. Expression of HOXA9 and PR was confirmed in all samples examined, whereas mRNA for ERβ was only detected in endometrial tissue and in cells derived from it. Expression of ERα was observed only in endometrial tissue. The expression of genes crucially involved in patterning of the female reproductive tract (HOXA9 and PR) in amnion and cells derived from it suggests that this source shares similar molecular properties with endometrium. Further studies are required to explore uterine mesenchymal-like features shared by AMC (i.e. verifying the expression of Wnt7α, Wnt5α, and Wnt4α, or the presence of the more recently characterised membrane-bound intracellular progesterone receptors PGRMC1 and mPR). These preliminary results provide an intriguing indication of the possible implication of amnion-derived cells in endometrial regeneration, in particular when poor endometrial proliferation is associated with infertility or poor pregnancy outcome.
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books, 2002–2003." College & Research Libraries 64, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.64.5.402.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene P. Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general reference works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as BD111) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2004–2005." College & Research Libraries 66, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.66.5.456.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2005-20061." College & Research Libraries 67, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.67.5.463.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2006–2007." College & Research Libraries 68, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.5.446.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2007–081." College & Research Libraries 69, no. 5 (September 1, 2008): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.69.5.459.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Witte, Sarah, and Mary Cargill. "Selected Reference Works, 2007–08." College & Research Libraries 70, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/0700178.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than fifty years ago and continued first by Eugene Sheehy and then by Eileen McIlvaine. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AC527) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books, 11th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Ralchenko, Yuri, and Alexander Kramida. "Development of NIST Atomic Databases and Online Tools." Atoms 8, no. 3 (September 5, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8030056.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last 25 years, the atomic standard reference databases and online tools developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have provided users around the world with the highest-quality data on various atomic parameters (e.g., level energies, transition wavelengths, and oscillator strengths) and online capabilities for fast and reliable collisional-radiative modeling of diverse plasmas. Here we present an overview of the recent developments regarding NIST numerical and bibliographic atomic databases and outline the prospects and vision of their evolution.
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McIlvaine, Eileen. "Selected Reference Books of 2000–2002." College & Research Libraries 63, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.63.5.460.
Full textAbstract:
This article follows the pattern set by the semiannual series initiated by the late Constance M. Winchell more than sixty years ago and continued by Eugene Sheehy. Because the purpose of the list is to present a selection of recent scholarly and general works, it does not pretend to be either well balanced or comprehensive. A brief roundup of new editions of standard works is provided at the end of the articles. Code numbers (such as AA604) have been used to refer to titles in the Guide to Reference Books (Chicago: ALA, 1996).
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Windsor, Eric, Robert Carlton, Scott Wightal, and Charles Lyman. "SRM 482: Revisited After 30 Years." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029469.
Full textAbstract:
The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 482 was issued by The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in 1969 i has been continuously available to the public for over 30 years [1]. The standard cons of a set of 6 wires. Each wire is approximately 0.5 mm in diameter and 5 cm long. Tl wires represent different compositions within the binary copper-gold alloy system. Included in the set are the two end member compositions, pure copper and pure gold, along with 4 alloys of nominal composition: Au80-Cu20, Au60-Cu40, Au40-Cu60 an< Au20-Cu80. SRM 482 was produced specifically for the purpose of microanalysis usi the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).Recent metallographic preparation of these wires revealed the presence of surface blemishes on some of the prepared wires (Figure la). Two of the authors from differei affiliations recently prepared cross-sections of SRM wires from separately purchased sets. Each was unaware of the procedures used by the other.