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Journal articles on the topic 'Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

He, Liupeng, Liang Tong, Zhaoqiang Zhou, et al. "A Drought Index: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Irrigation Index." Water 14, no. 13 (2022): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14132133.

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Drought has had an increasingly serious impact on humans with global climate change. The drought index is an important indicator used to understand and assess different types of droughts. At present, many drought indexes do not sufficiently consider human activity factors. This study presents a modified drought index and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration irrigation index (SPEII), considering the human activity of irrigation that is based on the theory of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). This study aims to compare the modified drought index (SPEII)

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2

Tirivarombo, S., D. Osupile, and P. Eliasson. "Drought monitoring and analysis: Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI)." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 106 (August 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2018.07.001.

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Isia, Ismallianto, Tony Hadibarata, Muhammad Noor Hazwan Jusoh, et al. "Drought Analysis Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index in Sarawak, Malaysia." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010734.

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Drought analysis via the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is necessary for effective water resource management in Sarawak, Malaysia. Rainfall is the best indicator of a drought, but the temperature is also significant because it controls evaporation and condensation. This study examined drought periods in the state of Sarawak using the SPI and SPEI based on monthly precipitation and temperature data from thirty-three rainfall stations during a forty-year period (1981–2020). This analysis of drought conditions revealed tha

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Paulo, A. A., R. D. Rosa, and L. S. Pereira. "Climate trends and behaviour of drought indices based on precipitation and evapotranspiration in Portugal." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 5 (2012): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1481-2012.

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Abstract. Distinction between drought and aridity is crucial to understand water scarcity processes. Drought indices are used for drought identification and drought severity characterisation. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are the most known drought indices. In this study, they are compared with the modified PDSI for Mediterranean conditions (MedPDSI) and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). MedPDSI results from the soil water balance of an olive crop, thus real evapotranspiration is considered, while SPEI uses

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Pavlova, Anna Illarionovna. "Estimation of meteorological drought based on a Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." Agrarian Bulletin of the 24, no. 05 (2024): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-05-605-616.

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Abstract. Various climatic indices are used to monitor meteorological drought, among which the best known are the standardized precipitation index and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The purpose of the research is to assess the conditions of moisture content of the growing season of grain crops in agrolandscapes of the Novosibirsk region on the basis of standardised precipitation and evapotranspiration index. Methods. Methods of big data processing, statistical analysis were used in the study. The scientific novelty consists in assessing the humidity and intensi

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Yimer, Estifanos Addisu, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Hans Van de Vyver, and Ann van Griensven. "Evaluating Probability Distribution Functions for the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over Ethiopia." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030364.

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Drought indices are used to identify and monitor drought events. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) is a widely used index based on accumulated water balance. There is, however, no broad consensus on which probability distribution is the most appropriate for water balances. This issue is investigated for Ethiopia using 125 meteorological stations spread across the country. Based on long-term series, a selection was made among the generalized extreme value, Pearson type 3, and generalized logistics (Genlog) distributions. Additionally, the effect of using actual, ins

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Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M., Santiago Beguería, and Juan I. López-Moreno. "A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." Journal of Climate 23, no. 7 (2010): 1696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2909.1.

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Abstract The authors propose a new climatic drought index: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The SPEI is based on precipitation and temperature data, and it has the advantage of combining multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment. The procedure to calculate the index is detailed and involves a climatic water balance, the accumulation of deficit/surplus at different time scales, and adjustment to a log-logistic probability distribution. Mathematically, the SPEI is similar to the standardized prec

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Zhao, Qingzhi, Xiongwei Ma, Wanqiang Yao, Yang Liu, and Yibin Yao. "A Drought Monitoring Method Based on Precipitable Water Vapor and Precipitation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 24 (2020): 10727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0971.1.

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AbstractPrecipitable water vapor (PWV) with high precision and high temporal resolution can be obtained based on the global navigation and satellite positioning system (GNSS) technique, which is important for GNSS in disaster prevention and mitigation. However, related studies on drought monitoring using PWV have rarely been performed before, which becomes the focus of this paper. This paper proposes a novel drought monitoring method using GNSS-derived PWV and precipitation, and a multi-time-scale standardized precipitation conversion index (SPCI) is established. This index is different from t

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Ariyanto, Dwi Priyo, Abdul Aziz, Komariah Komariah, Sumani Sumani, and Magarsa Abara. "Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 1 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41396.

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<span>The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using <em>Rstudio</em>, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlat

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Utami, Siti Najma Nindya, Rista Hernandi Virgianto, and Dzikrullah Akbar. "ANALISIS KETERKAITAN ANTARA KEKERINGAN METEOROLOGIS DENGAN INDEKS VEGETASI TERSTANDARISASI DI PULAU LOMBOK." Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca 22, no. 2 (2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jstmc.v22i2.4437.

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Intisari Kekeringan merupakan bencana kompleks yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian masyarakat di berbagai sektor. Salah satu wilayah yang berisiko tinggi mengalami kekeringan adalah Pulau Lombok. Wilayah ini memiliki lahan yang berisiko terkena kekeringan seluas 405.985 ha. Tingkat keparahan kekeringan meteorologis dapat diukur dengan Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Salah satu karakteristik kekeringan adalah kondisi vegetasi tanaman yang buruk, oleh karena itu Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI) digunakan sebagai acuan dalam monitoring kekeringan agrikultural. Penelitia

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Akinwande, DD, EO Ogolo, and OS Ojo. "West Africa's Drought Dynamics: An Investigation of Spi and Spei indices (1979-2021)." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 7, no. 2 (2024): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001093.

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West Africa’s population is projected to reach 500 million by 2050, exacerbating the need for reliable drought detection and management strategies to ensure food and water security. This study investigated drought detection in West Africa using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The objective is to evaluate the performance of SPI and SPEI in detecting droughts and compare their strengths and limitations. The results revealed that both indices detected droughts effectively, but SPEI was more sensitive to evapotranspiration

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Wang, Sinan, Xigang Xing, Yingjie Wu, Jianying Guo, Mingyang Li, and Bin Fu. "Seasonal Response of the NDVI to the SPEI at Different Time Scales in Yinshanbeilu, Inner Mongolia, China." Land 13, no. 4 (2024): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040523.

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Recently, the frequent occurrence of droughts has caused a serious impact on vegetation growth and progression. This research is based upon the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 2001 to 2020. The correlation between the NDVI and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at disparate time scales was used to assess the response of vegetation growth to drought in the Yinshanbeilu region. The drought levels of SPEI1, SPEI3, SPEI6, and SPEI12 increased prominently in the eastern region of the country, while the NDVI decreased significantly from east to west in spri

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Ünal, Ayça. "Drought and Trend Analysis of Rize Station with Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Methods." Journal of Nature, Science & Technology 2, no. 3 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/janset.2022.6774.

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Since ancient times, drought has been one of the worst natural disasters that humanity has experienced. Drought, which is likely to occur locally or regionally can be defined as the lack of precipitation in a certain period of time. Objectively determining long-term droughts in advance enables taking measures against drought. Estimation of drought is of great importance in order to reduce the socio-economic, agricultural, and environmental negative effects that drought may cause. One method used in determining drought is the drought indices, which are found with the help of precipitation value

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Adaji, Joseph, and Emmanuel Ogolo. "Characterization of drought and its Impact on agriculture in two tropical stations in Nigeria." Characterization of drought and its Impact on agriculture in two tropical stations in Nigeria 58, no. 320 (2022): 907–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8322971.

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Characterization of drought indices in two tropical climates located in the derived Savanna and southern Guinean Savannah region of Nigeria (Lokoja, Kogi State and Minna, Niger State) using Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for a period of 33 years, (1975- 2007), and the impact of drought on their agricultural activities was investigated. Climatic data such as temperature, rainfall, and potential evapotranspiration obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) were analyzed with Microsoft excel. The Standardized Potential Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was analyz

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Fatehah, Tika Nanda, Yoga Satria Putra, and Riza Adriat. "Variasi Temporal Kekeringan Menggunakan Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) di Kalimantan Barat." PRISMA FISIKA 10, no. 2 (2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/pf.v10i2.57158.

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Kekeringan merupakan bencana alam hidrometeorologi yang terjadi akibat berkurangnya intensitas curah hujan dari normalnya dalam kurun waktu yang lama dan menyebabkan kerugian di beberapa wilayah. Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) adalah salah satu indeks yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur serta memantau tingkat keparahan kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat keparahan kekeringan berdasarkan empat skala waktu, yaitu skala waktu 1-bulan, 3-bulan, 6-bulan dan 12-bulan menggunakan SPEI selama 32 tahun (1989-2020) di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. SPEI dih

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Saengrattanayon, Chanattha, Nuttapong Panthong, Parwapath Phunthirawuthi, and Sukrit Kirtsaeng. "Analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over Chiangrai and Phayao." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.117.

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Drought indices analysis plays a vital role in flood and drought monitoring and early warning, which is a main responsibility of Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), especially the basins that are limited in use o¬¬f water resources such as Kok and Ing river basins. This study aims to analyze drought situations utilized Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at Chiangrai and Phayao provinces (located Kok and Ing basins). Both observed data, precipitation and temperature, are used for calculation (data in between 1951-2018 for Chiangrai and 1981-2018 for Phayao). The result

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Ahmadebrahimpour, Edris, Babak Aminnejad, and Keivan Khalili. "Assessing future drought conditions under a changing climate: a case study of the Lake Urmia basin in Iran." Water Supply 19, no. 6 (2019): 1851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.062.

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Abstract This study was conducted to assess the impacts of climate change on drought over the Lake Urmia basin, Iran. Drought events for 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100 were analyzed based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and were compared with the adopted baseline period (1976–2005). The SPI and SPEI were calculated using the precipitation and temperatures obtained from the second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP 8.5 as optimistic and

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Ángeles Clemente, Víctor Antonio, Del Piero Raphael Arana Ruedas, Steve Dann Camargo Hinostroza, and Onafuje Oketta. "Comparison between Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for agricultural drought over Mantaro Valley, Peru." Manglar 21, no. 3 (2024): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.037.

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Drought is one of the main events associated to climate change that affects water supply and food productions at different locations and time (spatio-temporal) in the Peruvian Tropical Andes (PTA). Furthermore, studies evidenced that drought are causing an enormous damage to social, economic and environmental spheres. Hence, The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has published a handbook of drought indicators and indices with the most representative methods used in the world to assess drought events, but each index has a different advantage since the requested variable and scope are diffe

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Katipoğlu, Okan Mert, Reşat Acar, and Selim Şengül. "Comparison of meteorological indices for drought monitoring and evaluating: a case study from Euphrates basin, Turkey." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, S1 (2020): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.171.

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Abstract Drought incidents occur due to the fact that precipitation values are below average for many years. Drought causes serious effects in many sectors, such as agriculture, economy, health, and energy. Therefore, the determination of drought and water scarcity, monitoring, management, and planning of drought and taking early measures are important issues. In order to solve these issues, the advantages and disadvantages of five different meteorological drought indices were compared, and the most effective drought index was determined for monitoring drought. Accordingly, in the monthly, 3-m

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Ta, Zhijie, Kaiyu Li, Yang Yu, and Meilin Yang. "Projections of Future Drought by CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles in Central Asia." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020232.

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Future changes in drought characteristics in Central Asia are projected at the regional scale using 21 climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), drought characteristics were characterized by drought frequency at 1-, 3-, and 12-month timescales. The drought duration was analyzed based on SPI1 and SPEI1. Drought indices were calculated by the multimodel ensemble (MME) from 21 CMIP5 models. The varimax rotation method was used to identify drou

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ÖZÇELİK, Şener, and Erhan AKKUZU. "Evaluation of drought with Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in the Aegean Region." Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 60, no. 3 (2023): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1286331.

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Amaç: Kuraklık, son yıllarda artan iklim değişikliğinin de etkisi ile su kaynakları ve tarımsal üretimi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye tarımsal üretiminin önemli bir kısmının gerçekleştirildiği Ege Bölgesinde Standart Yağış Evapotranspirasyon İndeksi (SPEI) ile kuraklığın zamansal ve mekânsal değişimini incelemektir. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Ege bölgesinde bulunan 29 meteoroloji istasyonuna ait 1975-2014 yılları arasındaki iklim parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Aylık toplam yağış ve referans evapotranspirasyon (ETo) değerleri kullanılarak farklı zaman ölçeklerinde (1, 3

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Fung, Kit Fai, Yuk Feng Huang, and Chai Hoon Koo. "Improvement of SVR-Based Drought Forecasting Models using Wavelet Pre-Processing Technique." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186507007.

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Drought is a damaging natural hazard due to the lack of precipitation from the expected amount for a period of time. Mitigations are required to reduced its impact. Due to the difficulty in determining the onset and offset of droughts, accurate drought forecasting approaches are required for drought risk management. Given the growing use of machine learning in the field, Wavelet-Boosting Support Vector Regression (W-BS-SVR) was proposed for drought forecasting at Langat River Basin, Malaysia. Monthly rainfall, mean temperature and evapotranspiration for years 1976 - 2015 were used to compute S

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Messis, Mohamed-Sadek, Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Azeddine Mebarki, and Abdelaaziz Merabti. "Spatio-Temporal Meteorological Drought Distribution in the Upper Cheliff Basin (Algeria) Using SPI and SPEI Indices." Climate 13, no. 6 (2025): 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13060123.

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This study investigates the spatio-temporal distribution of meteorological drought in the upper Cheliff basin, Algeria, downstream of the Boughzoul dam, between September 1982 and August 2021. This research use two drought indices—the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)—to evaluate drought trends, frequency, duration, severity, and number of events across various time scales (1 year, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months). The results identify five major drought periods (1983/84, 1993/94, 1987/88, 1999/200

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Haro-Monteagudo, David, Andre Daccache, and Jerry Knox. "Exploring the utility of drought indicators to assess climate risks to agricultural productivity in a humid climate." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (2017): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.010.

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Abstract Drought indices have been extensively used by the hydrological research community for understanding drought risks to water resources systems. In a humid climate, such as in England, most agricultural production is rainfed and dependent on summer rainfall, but knowledge of drought risks in terms of their occurrence and potential agronomic impacts on crop productivity remains limited. This paper evaluated the utility of integrating data from three well-established drought indices, including the standardised precipitation index (SPI), the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration ind

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Gocic, Milan, Danilo Misic, Slavisa Trajkovic, and Mladen Milanovic. "Using GIS tool for presenting spatial distribution of drought." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace200409006g.

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By using GIS tools, it is possible to improve the preview of hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, flood and drought. In order to quantify drought, different type of drought indicators have been developed such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) or Water Surplus Variability Index (WSVI). In this paper the precipitation-based SPI indicator was applied to the monthly precipitation data from Serbia during the period 1948-2012. The data were processed in the QuantumGIS

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Liu, Weilin, and Lina Liu. "Analysis of Dry/Wet Variations in the Poyang Lake Basin Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Based on Two Potential Evapotranspiration Algorithms." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071380.

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Global warming has resulted in unevenly distributed changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration, which has some influence on dry/wet conditions, thus exerting a tremendous impact on national life and the social economy, especially agricultural production. In order to characterize the dry/wet variations in the Poyang Lake basin during 1958–2013, based on the potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimated by the Thornthwaite (TH) and Penman–Monteith (PM) formulas, two types of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), namely SPEI_th and SPEI_pm, were calculated in this study.

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Stosic, Tatijana, Ivana Tošić, Irida Lazić, et al. "Multifractal Analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index in Serbia in the Context of Climate Change." Sustainability 16, no. 22 (2024): 9857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16229857.

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A better understanding of climate change impact on dry/wet conditions is crucial for agricultural planning and the use of renewable energy, in terms of sustainable development and preservation of natural resources for future generations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of climate change on temporal fluctuations of dry/wet conditions in Serbia on multiple temporal scales through multifractal analysis of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). We used the well-known method of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), which is suitable

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Jamal, R., S. J. Hadi, and M. Tombul. "TREND OF STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INDEX (SPEI) OVER TURKEY." География и природные ресурсы 43, no. 1 (2022): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/gipr20220115.

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S L Cheng F Y Zhang Y Q et al, Liu. "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Dataset of Yunnan Province, China." Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery 1, no. 4 (2017): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3974/geodp.2017.04.11.

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Serrano-Barrios, L., S. M. Vicente-Serrano, H. Flores-Magdaleno, L. Tijerina-Chávez, and D. Vázquez-Soto. "Variabilidad espacio-temporal de las sequías en la cuenca Pacífico Norte de México (1961-2010)." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 42, no. 1 (2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.2857.

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This article analyses the spatio-temporal variability of droughts in the North Pacific Basin of México between 1961 and 2010, using two drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We used data from 48 weather stations with available data of precipitation and monthly minimum and maximum temperature. In 22 of the weather stations, time series of Piché evaporation were also available. The reference evapotranspiration, necessary to obtain the SPEI, was calculated by means of the Hargreaves equation. Results show th

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Li, Lingcheng, Dunxian She, Hui Zheng, Peirong Lin, and Zong-Liang Yang. "Elucidating Diverse Drought Characteristics from Two Meteorological Drought Indices (SPI and SPEI) in China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 7 (2020): 1513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0290.1.

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AbstractThis study elucidates drought characteristics in China during 1980–2015 using two commonly used meteorological drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results show that SPEI characterizes an overall increase in drought severity, area, and frequency during 1998–2015 compared with those during 1980–97, mainly due to the increasing potential evapotranspiration. By contrast, SPI does not reveal this phenomenon since precipitation does not exhibit a significant change overall. We further identify individual

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Jamro, Shoaib, Ghulam Hussain Dars, Kamran Ansari, and Nir Y. Krakauer. "Spatio-Temporal Variability of Drought in Pakistan Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214588.

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Pakistan is among the top ten countries adversely affected by climate change. More specifically, there is concern that climate change may cause longer and severer spells of droughts. To quantify the change in the characteristics of droughts in Pakistan over the years, we have evaluated spatio-temporal trends of droughts in Pakistan over the period 1902–2015 using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Additionally, the Spatial “K” luster Analysis using Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) method was employed to regionalize droughts into five contiguous zones. The run theory was then

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Wang, Di, Zailin Huo, Ping Miao, and Xiaoqiang Tian. "Comparison of Machine Learning Models to Predict Lake Area in an Arid Area." Remote Sensing 15, no. 17 (2023): 4153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15174153.

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Machine learning (ML)-based models are popular for complex physical system simulation and prediction. Lake is the important indicator in arid and semi-arid areas, and to achieve the proper management of the water resources in a lake basin, it is crucial to estimate and predict the lake dynamics, based on hydro-meteorological variations and anthropogenic disturbances. This task is particularly challenging in arid and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity poses a significant threat to human life. In this study, a typical arid area of China was selected as the study area, and the performances o

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Doshi, Smit Chetan, Mohana Sundaram Shanmugam, and Shatirah Akib. "Assessment of Artificial Neural Network through Drought Indices." Eng 4, no. 1 (2022): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng4010003.

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Prediction of potential evapotranspiration (PET) using an artificial neural network (ANN) with a different network architecture is not uncommon. Most researchers select the optimal network using statistical indicators. However, there is still a gap to be filled in future applications in various drought indices and of assessment of location, duration, average, maximum and minimum. The objective was to compare the performance of PET computed using ANN to the Penman–Monteith technique and compare drought indices standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspirat

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Martins Careto, João António, Rita Margarida Cardoso, Ana Russo, Daniela Catarina André Lima, and Pedro Miguel Matos Soares. "Generalised drought index: a novel multi-scale daily approach for drought assessment." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 22 (2024): 8115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8115-2024.

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Abstract. Drought is a complex climatic phenomenon characterised by water scarcity and is recognised as the most widespread and insidious natural hazard, posing significant challenges to ecosystems and human society. In this study, we propose a new daily based index for characterising droughts, which involves standardising precipitation and/or precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration (PET) data. The new index proposed here, the generalised drought index (GDI), is computed for the entire period available from the Iberian Gridded Dataset (1971 to 2015). Comparative assessments are conduc

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Li, Jun, Zhaoli Wang, Xushu Wu, Chong-Yu Xu, Shenglian Guo, and Xiaohong Chen. "Toward Monitoring Short-Term Droughts Using a Novel Daily Scale, Standardized Antecedent Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 5 (2020): 891–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0298.1.

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AbstractRecent events across many regions around the world have shown that short-term droughts (i.e., daily or weekly) with sudden occurrence can lead to huge losses to a wide array of environmental and societal sectors. However, the most commonly used drought indices can only identify drought at the monthly scale. Here, we introduced a daily scale drought index, that is, the standardized antecedent precipitation evapotranspiration index (SAPEI) that utilizes precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and also considers the effect of early water balance on dry/wet conditions on the current

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Almeida-Ñauñay, Andres F., María Villeta, Miguel Quemada, and Ana M. Tarquis. "Assessment of Drought Indexes on Different Time Scales: A Case in Semiarid Mediterranean Grasslands." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030565.

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Drought is a significant challenge to semiarid Mediterranean grasslands, Increasing the accuracy of monitoring allows improving the conservation and management of these vital ecosystems. Meteorological drought is commonly monitored by the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) or the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). On the other hand, agriculture drought is estimated by the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). This work aims to optimise the correlation between both drought types using the best transformation of VHI and the most appropriate time scale. Two drought-vulnerable Medite

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Elbeltagi, Ahmed, Faisal AlThobiani, Mohammad Kamruzzaman, et al. "Estimating the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Using Data-Driven Techniques: A Regional Study of Bangladesh." Water 14, no. 11 (2022): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111764.

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Drought prediction is the most effective way to mitigate drought impacts. The current study examined the ability of three renowned machine learning models, namely additive regression (AR), random subspace (RSS), and M5P tree, and their hybridized versions (AR-RSS, AR-M5P, RSS-M5P, and AR-RSS-M5P) in predicting the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in multiple time scales. The SPEIs were calculated using monthly rainfall and temperature data over 39 years (1980–2018). The best subset regression model and sensitivity analysis were used to determine the most appropriate i

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da Rocha Júnior, Rodrigo Lins, Fabrício Daniel dos Santos Silva, Rafaela Lisboa Costa, et al. "Analysis of the Space–Temporal Trends of Wet Conditions in the Different Rainy Seasons of Brazilian Northeast by Quantile Regression and Bootstrap Test." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110457.

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Drought causes serious social and environmental problems that have great impact on the lives of thousands of people all around the world. The purpose of this research was to investigate the trends in humid conditions in the northeast of Brazil (NEB) in the highest climatic precipitation quarters, November–December–January (NDJ), February–March–April (FMA), and May–June–July (MJJ), through the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), considering an alternative statistical approach. Precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) time series for the calculation of the

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Mukhawana, Mxolisi B., Thokozani Kanyerere, and David Kahler. "Review of In-Situ and Remote Sensing-Based Indices and Their Applicability for Integrated Drought Monitoring in South Africa." Water 15, no. 2 (2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020240.

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The devastating socioeconomic impacts of recent droughts have intensified the need for improved drought monitoring in South Africa (SA). This study has shown that not all indices can be universally applicable at all regions worldwide, and there is no single index that can represent all aspects of droughts. The aim of this study was to review the performance and applicability of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI), surface water supply index (SWSI), vegetation condition index (VCI), standardised precipitation index (SPI), standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), standard

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Batablinle, Lamboni, Y. N. Mpo, and Agnide Emmanuel Lawin. "VULNERABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES TO DROUGHT RISK AND FLOOD PREVENTION IN MONO RIVER BASIN (GULF OF GUINEA REGION)." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 07 (2024): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19062.

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The Mono River Basin in the Gulf of Guinea region faces significant challenges due to climatic variability, resulting in heightened vulnerability of its water resources to both drought and flood risks. This article explores the susceptibility of the basins water resources to drought, as measured by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI), and investigates flood prevention strategies using Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The study also, aims to establish a correlation between thes

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Slavková, Jaroslava, Martin Gera, Nina Nikolova, and Cyril Siman. "Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index Approach for Drought Assessment in Slovakia—Statistical Evaluation of Different Calculations." Atmosphere 14, no. 9 (2023): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091464.

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In the conditions of rising air temperature and changing precipitation regimes in Central Europe and Slovakia over the last two decades, it is necessary to analyse drought, develop high-quality tools for drought detection, and understand its reactions to the emerging drought situation. One of the frequently used meteorological drought indices is the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Several parameters can be modified in different steps of the calculation process of SPEI. In the article, we analyse the influence of selected adjustable parameters on the index result

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FAHIM, AHMAD M., SHAH M. ALI, SHEN RUNPING, and J. ZHANG. "Characteristics of drought variation in winter using drought Indices during the period 1971-2010 : A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)." MAUSAM 67, no. 3 (2021): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v67i3.1390.

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Generally drought is the outcome of reduction in precipitation for a long period of time. It can happen anywhere in the world and cause harmful effect to human life and eco system. There are different drought indices, derived for analysis and quantification of drought. In this study monthly precipitation and temperature data was used to analyze drought situation using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Precipitations Index (SPI) and Z-index (also known as China Z-index) for the period 1971-2010 over Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan for winter

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Coll, J. R., E. Aguilar, M. Prohom, and J. Sigro. "Long-term drought variability and trends in Barcelona (1787-2014)." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 42, no. 1 (2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.2927.

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Long-term drought variability and trends were assessed in Barcelona at annual and seasonal scale for the period 1787-2014 and sub-periods 1851-2014, 1901-2014 and 1951-2014 to identify changes in drought patterns across time. High quality and adjusted monthly temperature and precipitation series were required for this purpose. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), based on precipitation, and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), based on the difference between precipitation and reference evapotranspiration (ET0), were calculated to describe temporal drought fluc

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Lee, Sanghyun, Daniel N. Moriasi, Ali Danandeh Mehr, and Ali Mirchi. "Sensitivity of Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to the choice of SPEI probability distribution and evapotranspiration method." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 53 (June 2024): 101761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101761.

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Lotfirad, Morteza, Hassan Esmaeili-Gisavandani, and Arash Adib. "Drought monitoring and prediction using SPI, SPEI, and random forest model in various climates of Iran." Journal of Water and Climate Change 13, no. 2 (2021): 383–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2021.287.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to select the best model (combination of different lag times) for predicting the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in next time. Monthly precipitation and temperature data from 1960 to 2019 were used. In temperate climates, such as the north of Iran, the correlation coefficients of SPI and SPEI were 0.94, 0.95, and 0.81 at the time scales of 3, 12, and 48 months, respectively. Besides, this correlation coefficient was 0.47, 0.35, and 0.44 in arid and hot climates, such as the southwest

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Tegos, Aristoteles, Stefanos Stefanidis, John Cody, and Demetris Koutsoyiannis. "On the Sensitivity of Standardized-Precipitation-Evapotranspiration and Aridity Indexes Using Alternative Potential Evapotranspiration Models." Hydrology 10, no. 3 (2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030064.

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This paper examines the impacts of three different potential evapotranspiration (PET) models on drought severity and frequencies indicated by the standardized precipitation index (SPEI). The standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index is a recent approach to operational monitoring and analysis of drought severity. The standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index combines precipitation and temperature data, quantifying the severity of a drought as the difference in a timestep as the difference between precipitation and PET. The standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index

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Ma, Xiongwei, Yibin Yao, and Qingzhi Zhao. "Regional GNSS-Derived SPCI: Verification and Improvement in Yunnan, China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (2021): 1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101918.

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From the aspect of global drought monitoring, improving the regional drought monitoring method is becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of regional agriculture and the economy. The standardized precipitation conversion index (SPCI) calculated by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation is a new means for drought monitoring that has the advantages of simple calculation and real-time monitoring. However, only SPCI with a 12-month scale has been verified on a global scale, while its capability and applicability for monitoring drought at a short time scal

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S. E., Chukwu*,, Otache, M. Y., and Atemoagbo, P. O. "Drought Prediction and Trend Analysis in Minna Using Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree Models: A Comparative Study of SPEI and SPI Indices." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 6, no. 1 (2025): 74–88. https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2025.6111.

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This research explores the complex relationships between precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration in Minna, with an emphasis on understanding climatic variability. The study utilizes the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to examine trends and predict drought conditions across various time scales. A comparative analysis was conducted using machine learning algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Trees (DT), to evaluate their effectiveness in predicting drought conditions. By investigating t

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Ionita, Monica, and Viorica Nagavciuc. "Changes in drought features at the European level over the last 120 years." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 5 (2021): 1685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1685-2021.

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Abstract. In this study we analyze drought features at the European level over the period 1901–2019 using three drought indices: the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI). The results based on the SPEI and scPDSI point to the fact that Central Europe (CEU) and the Mediterranean region (MED) are becoming dryer due to an increase in the potential evapotranspiration and mean air temperature, while North Europe (NEU) is becoming wetter. By contrast, the SPI drought does

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