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Books on the topic 'Standardized measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Comparison of in-home collection of physical measurements and biospecimens with collection in a standardized setting: The health measures at home study. Hyattsville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 2014.

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2

A measure of failure: The political origins of standardized testing. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009.

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3

F, Madaus George, and Lyons Robert 1965-, eds. The fractured marketplace for standardized testing. Boston: Kluwer-Academic Publishers, 1993.

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4

A, Van House Nancy, Zweizig Douglas, and Public Library Association. New Standards Task Force., eds. Output measures for public libraries: A manual of standardized procedures. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1987.

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5

Output measures for public libraries: a manual for standardized procedures. PLA, 1987.

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6

Walter, Virginia A. Output Measures for Public Library Service to Children: A Manual of Standardized Procedures. American Library Association, 1992.

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7

Piping benchmark problems for the ABB/CE System 80+ standardized plant. Washington, D.C: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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8

Bright, Elizabeth R. Portfolio assessment and standardized achievement measures as outcomes in Title I evaluation at the school-district level. 1996.

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9

van Tubergen, Astrid, and Robert Landewé. Clinical outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0012.

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In general, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) follows a chronic course, requiring regular medical care and monitoring. The outcome of axSpA may vary substantially due to heterogenic presentation. For both research and clinical practice, it is important to have relevant, reliable, validated instruments for measuring outcome, to evaluate patients in a standardized way and capture all disease aspects. The Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society has developed core sets and instruments to measure these domains, and recommends only the most important domains being measured with best available methods. This chapter provides an overview of the most important outcomes in axSpA and most commonly used instruments to measure these. Additional measures frequently used but not (yet) included in the core set are addressed, and several sets of response criteria applied in axSpA research described. This chapter also provides guidance in which setting (research versus practice) and with which frequency these measures can be used.

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10

Cauli, Alberto. Domains and instruments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0023.

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In order to define and validate standardized outcome measurement tools both for therapeutic trials and for real life clinics, the need to precisely identify the relevant domains of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis has led to the ‘rassemblement’ of experts and patients in the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA). The output of intensive work, performed according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) scientific method, has been the definition of the key domains and instruments relevant in PsA evaluation. This chapter summarizes the present approach in PsA assessment, focusing on the ‘pathophysiological manifestations’, as well as current ideas regarding future revisions. Patient-related outcome measures and composite scores will be detailed in other chapters.

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11

Franz, Carleen, Lee Ascherman, and Julia Shaftel. The Psychoeducational Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195383997.003.0008.

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This chapter describes the content and procedures of a comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation. Components include the referral question, review of records, history, observation, and assessment. Rating scales, standardized tests, and interviews make up the assessment portion of the evaluation process. The entire process must use multiple measures and assess multiple viewpoints and settings. Cognitive, academic, behavioral, social skills, and executive functions may be included in the assessment. A thorough integration of the findings from multiple sources must be accomplished to reach meaningful diagnostic conclusions and determine relevant recommendations. IDEA requirements for school-based evaluation processes are explained and contrasted with independent evaluation methods.

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12

Konopasek, Lyuba, Marcy Rosenbaum, John Encandela, and Kathy Cole-Kelly. Evaluating communication skills training courses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0062.

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This chapter describes strategies for designing programme evaluation for communication skills training courses. It draws on the communication literature to demonstrate evaluation approaches including use of control groups, validated instruments, and observation methods. The logic model is introduced as a tool to ensure that evaluation is aligned with programme plans. Kirkpatrick’s four levels of programme evaluation are used to analyse training outcomes. Kirkpatrick’s Level 1 evaluates learners’ reaction to training. Level 2 evaluates changes in the learners’ attitudes, such as self-efficacy, knowledge and skills, including assessment by standardized patients. Level 3 assesses change in communication behaviours in the context of patient care, and Level 4 measures changes in patient outcomes, including patient satisfaction. Examples of each Kirkpatrick level are provided in this chapter, along with their strengths and limitations.

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13

Grisoli, Dominique, and Didier Raoult. Prevention and treatment of endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0161.

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Initially always lethal, the prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) has been revolutionized by antibacterial therapy and valve surgery. Nevertheless, it remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases, with ≥30% of patients dying within a year of diagnosis. Its incidence has also remained stable at 25–50 cases per million per year, and results predominantly from a combination of bacteraemia and a predisposing cardiac condition, including endocardial lesions and/or intracardiac foreign material. While antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended by various learned societies to cover healthcare procedures with the potential of causing bacteraemia in at-risk patients, there is no evidence to support this strategy. Even though the benefits are hypothetical, national guidelines should still be followed to avoid medico-legal issues. General preventive measures, such as education of clinicians and at-risk patients appear to be more crucial. Invasive procedures, especially intravenous catheterization, should be kept to the minimum possible. The severity of IE mandates a multidisciplinary and standardized approach to treatment, with involvement of dedicated surgeons within specialist centres. Standardized antibiotic protocols have produced dramatic reductions in hospital and 1-year mortality in reference centres. Most deaths now result from complications that constitute definite surgical indications, so optimization of surgical management and avoidance of delay will clearly improve prognosis. This disease has now entered an ‘early surgery’ era, with a more aggressive surgical approach showing promising results. Conditions such as septic shock, sudden death, and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal endocarditis still constitute therapeutic and research challenges, and justify an important role for specialist centres.

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14

Chapple, Christopher R., and Altaf Mangera. Urgency incontinence and overactive bladder. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0040.

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Overactive bladder (OAB) is very prevalent and may be very bothersome. In this chapter, we describe the various definitions associated with this condition, its assessment and management. The definitions for lower urinary tract symptoms have been standardized by the International Continence Society. OAB is a symptomatic diagnosis after all other pathology has been excluded. Important assessments include a frequency volume chart and in some cases urodynamic studies. Here we describe the important parameters which should be sought from a frequency volume chart. In addition, the relationship to the urodynamic diagnosis provided by a cystometry study is explained. Thereafter we discuss the therapeutic options for OAB which include conservative measures, antimuscarinics, beta-3 agonists, intravesical botulinum toxin, neuromodulation, and surgery. The various management options including lifestyle changes, alpha antagonists, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, antimuscarinics, desmopressin and surgery are also described.

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15

Walter, James. “No Loans for Ladies”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0003.

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The government of Australian prime minister Julia Gillard (2010–2013) presented attributes conventionally thought to be conducive to the acquisition of political capital—delivery on policy commitments, effective coalition building, competence in government, courage in adversity, approval and loyalty from those most closely engaged with her—but it never gained traction in the quest for electoral capital. What, exactly, was behind this denial of credit? This chapter discusses numerous propositions offered to explain Gillard’s failure in the context of debates about political capital to gauge how “elusive capital” might be explained. Analyzing a paradoxical case underlines the need for caution and nuance. The chapter concludes that standardized registers of leadership attributes/capacities must be carefully related to exogenous factors (country-specific scenarios and the issues of context, political culture, and historical timing they manifest) in attempts to operationalize leadership capital measures.

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16

Haney, Walter M. The Fractured Marketplace for Standardized Testing. Springer, 2012.

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17

Simon, Gleeson. Part III Investment Banking, 17 Derivatives, Clearing, and Exposures to CCPs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0017.

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This chapter discusses requirements for derivatives, clearing and exposures to CCPs. In September 2009, as one of the primary policy responses to the crisis, G20 leaders at the Pittsburgh summit decided to promote central clearing of derivatives, and legislation is now in place to provide a framework for compelling banks to do this. However, clearing increases the risk exposures of banks providing that clearing service, since the bank retains the risks arising from the original derivative transaction, and adds to them any risks arising from the clearing process. In general, a bank will measure its derivative exposures using one of three methods: the Internal Model Method; the Standardized Method; or the Current Exposure Method. The risk weight is that which applies to the counterparty under the Standardized Approach (SA) or internal ratings-based approach for credit risk. However, these approaches will be replaced by the SA-CCR under Basel 3.

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18

Eisenberg, Melvin A. Damages for a Purchaser’s Breach of a Contract for the Provision of an Off-the-Shelf Commodity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0016.

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Chapter 16 concerns breach of contracts for the purchase of a commodity in cases where the commodity is standardized, the purchaser is a consumer, the provider is a firm, the provider’s variable costs of performance are close to zero, the breach does not cause the provider to incur either out-of-pocket or opportunity costs, and the purchaser breaches at the outset and derives little or no benefit from the contract. Such contracts are referred to in this book as contracts for the purchase of an off-the-shelf commodity. The expectation measure should not govern damages in categories of cases in which it is likely that the parties would not have agreed to that measure to determine damages. Bargaining parties probably would not agree to expectation damages for a purchaser’s breach of a contract for the purchase of an off-the-shelf commodity.

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19

Simon, Gleeson. Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision, 3 Basel and International Bank Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0003.

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This chapter begins by discussing the Basel committee and the Basel Accord. It details how the Basel committee, an organization with no powers, constitution, or even legal existence, became the dominant power in bank regulation. The Basel Capital Accord of 1988 set out a simple weighting system for different types of assets and standardized the rules as to what should count as capital. While the 1988 Accord was applied initially only to internationally active banks in the G10 countries, it quickly became acknowledged as a benchmark measure of a bank's solvency and is believed to have been adopted in some form by more than 100 countries. The remainder of the chapter covers policy responses to the recent financial crisis, Basel 2.5, Basel 3 framework document, and other initiatives.

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20

Ed.D., Eddie, B. McCoy. The Performance of Student Participants in Externally Developed Title I Schoolwide Reading Interventions in the Little Rock School District as Measured by National, State and Local Standardized Tests. Lulu.com, 2004.

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21

Ray, Sumantra (Shumone), Sue Fitzpatrick, Rajna Golubic, Susan Fisher, and Sarah Gibbings, eds. Clinical trial design. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0014.

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This chapter outlines the various study designs and their uses. The phases of drug development are described and the appropriate study design employed at each phase of development is identified Elimination of bias is critical to the study design and methods of eliminating bias are discussed, defining the population, randomisation and blinding. A summary of the elements to be considered when designing a study are presented including the types of control, placebo or active, and their uses, Non comparative and comparative designs are presented. In the comparative design both within and between patient designs are discussed including crossover, parallel, sequential, factorial and left right comparisons. Patient outcomes measures as well as efficacy measurement are required for new treatments. There is a brief review of pharmaeconomic study designs. Other types of study design, dose escalation and dose response studies are also discussed. As well as reducing bias in studies another critical element is the recording of the primary assessment methods. The choice of methods will affect other aspects of the study such as the statistical considerations. The methodology must be standardised and validated.

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22

Ledger-Lomas, Michael. Ministers and Ministerial Training. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0021.

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Protestant Dissent was assailed by Anglo-Catholics in England and by the Mercersburg Theologians in the United States for its fissiparous tendencies, sectarian nature, and privileging of emotional conversionism over apostolic order and objective, sacramental religion. Yet this chapter argues that personal conversion was essential to the faith of Dissent and the key to its spirituality, worship, and congregational life. Whether conversion was gradual or instantaneous, it remained the point of entry into the Christian life and the full privileges of church membership. Spurred by the preaching of the gospel and sometimes, but not always, accompanied by the application of the divine law, the earlier underpinning of conversionism in Calvinism gave way to an emphasis on human response. Popular in both the United States and Great Britain, the ‘new measures’ of the Presbyterian evangelist Charles Finney, in which burdened souls were called forward to ‘the anxious bench’ and prayerfully incited to undergo the new birth, brought thousands into the churches. However, in more liberal circles especially, conversion had by the end of the century become less of a crisis of guilt and redemption than a smooth progression towards spiritual fullness. Although preaching was often linked, especially in the first part of the century, with revivalist exuberance, it remained a mainstay of congregational life. Mainly expository and practical with a view of building up congregants in the faith, it was accompanied by hymn singing, scriptural readings, public prayers, and the two sacraments or ‘ordinances’ of baptism and the Lord’s Supper. Sermons tended to become shorter as the century progressed, from an hour or so to thirty or forty minutes, while the ‘long prayer’, invariably offered by the minister, tended to be didactic in tone. From mid-century onwards, there was a move towards more rounded worship, though congregations would sit (or sometimes stand) for prayer, but not kneel. The liturgical use of the church year with congregational recitation of the Lord’s Prayer became slowly more acceptable. Communion, either monthly or quarterly, was usually a Zwinglian memorial of Christ’s atoning sacrifice. The impact of the temperance movement during the latter part of the century dictated the use of non-alcoholic rather than fermented wine in the Lord’s Supper, while in a reaction to Anglican sacerdotalism, baptism too, whether believers’ baptism or paedo-baptism, progressively lost its sacramental character. Throughout the century, Dissenters sang. In the absence of an externally imposed prayer book or a standardized liturgy, hymns provided them with both devotional aids and a collective identity. Unaccompanied at first, hymn singing, inspired mostly by the muse of Isaac Watts, Charles Wesley, and, in Wales, William Williams, became more disciplined, eventually with organ accompaniment. Even while moving towards a more sophisticated, indeed bourgeois mode, Dissent maintained a vibrant congregational life which prized a simple, biblically based spirituality.

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