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Poplin, Beth Darlene. "Effects of student self-corrective measures on learning and standardized test scores." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Preston, Jodi. "An investigation of Hmong students' performance on four standardized cognitive ability measures." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999prestonj.pdf.
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Kozlowski, Allan John. "Studies, experience, and reflection on the promotion of standardized outcome measures in physical therapy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26880.
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The use of standardized self-report questionnaires to measure outcome has been promoted in physical therapy (PT) for two decades but has not been widely adopted. Knowledge translation literature has disclosed complex and multidimensional factors associated with practice change in healthcare. Specific barriers and facilitators need to be disclosed to tailor KT interventions. The dissertation is framed with the Ottawa Model for Research Use. Chapter Two describes a comprehensive literature review of interventions to facilitate development of reflective abilities by clinicians, to use reflection to change specific practice abilities, and to implement outcomes measures in healthcare settings. Chapter Three describes a review of Canadian regulatory and professional documents regarding elements of PT practice. Examination and diagnosis elements were represented while prognosis and outcome evaluation were less prevalent. Systematic integration of these latter elements into practice is recommended. Chapter Four describes a statistical evaluation of outcome data collected by a motivated physical therapist and insights she gained from her experience. The evaluation offered an interpretation of data partitioned into meaningful subsets. The clinician’s reflection on her experience provides insight to changes she made in her practice. Chapter Five describes the development of a clinical decision-making model to integrate PT practice elements with the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Chapter Six describes a preliminary survey and interview on practices and attitudes towards outcome measurement, and barriers and facilitators to the use of self-report questionnaires to measure outcome. Despite the small sample, insight was gained on some limitations of a scale to measure attitude towards outcome measurement and reported barriers. Chapter 7 provides a summary and synthesis of the findings, and reflections on my experience. Studies on interventions to promote changes in clinical decision-making through adoption of outcome measures in healthcare are sparse. Reflection is one cognitive process that can influence decision-making, but the extent to which these cognitive processes can change is unclear. The meaning of outcome must be understood from the clinician’s perspective and integrated into clinical practice. The Ottawa Model of Research Use functions as a framework to guide planning and redirection of implementation studies.
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Carlota, Rita. "Why using individualized outcome measures in mental health? A thematic comparison of patient-generated items in PQ with CORE-OM and PHQ-9." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18331.
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This study aims to investigate the utility of PQ (Personal Questionnaire) as an individualized measure. PQ is a tool built by the patient, with the purpose of measuring the patient’s changes during the process of therapy. We intend to explore the ability of this tool to add information concerning the patient’s problems when compared to standartized instruments. From a sample of 105 patients, gathered from a clinical population and from a population of drug abuse, 563 items were collected; these were categorized into 65 sub-themes and classified according to their quality. "Addiction" was the most indicated sub-theme by the sample, mentioned in 46 items (17.8%). About 38% of the items were not covered by the CORE-OM and about 71% were not covered by the PHQ-9. A large part of the sample (69%) showed at least a sub-theme not covered by the CORE-OM and practically the whole sample (97%) mentioned at least a sub-theme not represented by PHQ-9; Porquê usar medidas de resultado individualizadas em saúde mental? Uma comparação temática de itens gerados pelo paciente no PQ com o CORE-OM e o PHQ-9
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Este estudo pretende investigar a utilidade do PQ (Personal Questionnaire) como medida individualizada. O PQ é um instrumento construido pelo paciente, com a finalidade de medir mudanças do paciente durante o processo de terapia. Pretendemos explorar a capacidade deste instrumento em adicionar informação sobre os problemas dos pacientes quando comparado a instrumentos standartizados. De uma amostra de 105 pacientes, provenientes de uma de população clínica e de uma populaçao de abuso de drogas, recolheram-se 563 itens; estes foram categorizados em 65 subtemas e classificados segundo a sua qualidade. O subtema mais indicado pela amostra foi “Dependência”, mencionado em 46 itens (8.17%). Cerca de 38% dos itens não foram cobertos pelo CORE-OM e cerca de 71% não foram cobertos pelo PHQ-9. Grande parte da amostra (69%) indicou pelo menos um subtema não coberto pelo CORE-OM e praticamente toda a amostra (97%) mencionou pelo menos um subtema não representado pelo PHQ-9.
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Hancock, Kyle Max. "The Utility of Mathematics Curriculum-Based Measurement to Predict Student Risk Status on Standardized Academic Achievement Measures." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/435.
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The predictive utility of mathematics curriculum-based measurement (MCBM) to identify students who are at risk for failure on important educational measures is an emerging area of study in need of further investigation. The present study sought to identify which of four MCBM probes could be accurately used to determine students' risk status on selected subtests of three important educational measures commonly used to make educational placement decisions (WIAT-II, WJ-ACH-III, and KM 3) in grades 2 (n = 49), 4 (n = 48), and 6 (n = 47). The study also sought to determine which type of student performance measurement strategy (i.e., level, slope, or dual discrepancy) on each of the four types of MCBM probes proved to be the best method to determine student risk status. The results of the study indicated that the ability of the MCBM probes to identify students' risk status was generally poor. However, evidence indicated that MCBM probes could be used more reliably and accurately to determine students in the low risk category than those in the high risk category across all probe types and administration times. Finally, the level method generated the greatest support and the slope method generated the least support for identification of high and low risk student status on each probe or combination of probes.
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Koski, Joakim. "A Standardized Approach for Water Reduction Measures in Industrial Companies : Organizational Constraints and Effects on Economy and Environment." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-163585.
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The access of water globally is becoming more strained, why the focus on industrial water use is increasing. The present study examined how industries should approach water efficiency projects, what organizational constraints that should be addressed, and what effects water saving measures have on economic costs, environmental impact and influence from water related risks. The study has been conducted at Saab Group. Primary data for water supply amount and cost has been obtained from twelve sites for the year of 2018. Data from these sites has been used to estimate the water use for the other 43 sites included in this study. Interviews with employees across Saab´s organization and with external stakeholders have functioned as important sources of information, combined with investigations of internal company documents. To facilitate for companies to structurally address water efficiency projects, the concept of the Deming Cycle is developed in this study. The steps included are necessary to address major identified organizational constraints which are lack of communication, lack of incentives for employees, and lack of economic incentives. Furthermore, with water often having energy embedded into it, a new Water Management Hierarchy is developed to include the interrelated aspects of energy supply and energy recovery. The potential for pipe leakages and the challenge to detect these are also identified. If the time from leak occurrence to repair in 2018 was eliminated, the total water supply in Arboga could have been reduced with 10100 m3 which corresponds to 35% of total supply to the site, respectively 35900 m3 and 42% in Björkborn. In Tannefors, water saving measures are identified for a surface treatment process, a facility with testing equipment, and by utilization of groundwater. Not all water saving measures result in reduced annual operating costs, due to an increased energy demand. Furthermore, if neglecting the possibility of energy recovery when aiming for water use reduction, the results show that replacing a once-through cooling system using potable municipal water as a medium with a dry-cooling unit, can increase greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018, the simultaneously implementable water saving measures in Tannefors would have reduced the water supply with 40600 m3, which corresponds to 22% of the total supply to the site. The greenhouse gas emissions would simultaneously have been reduced with 0.4 tonnes CO2eq. If also addressing energy supply reduction and energy recovery, some measures achieves a reduction of over 35 tonnes CO2eq, which results in enhanced economic viability from reduced operating costs. This study suggest that organizational constraints have to be addressed to successfully implement identified water saving measures. To allow economic motivation for all water saving measures in Tannefors, a payback period of over 7 years has to be applied, which can be lowered if the measure also reduces energy demand or increases energy recovery. In order to avoid sub-optimization of water saving measures, the current Water Management Hierarchy has to include the aspects of energy supply and energy recovery. If the aim is to reduce a corporation’s water use, the largest sites with heavy industrial processes should be addressed first. However, the potential impact from water related risks at smaller sites should not be neglected, in order to ensure safe operations and avoid increased costs in the company´s supply chain.Tillgången av vatten blir alltmer ansträngd globalt, varför fokus på industriell vattenanvändning ökar. Den här studien undersökte hur industrier bör förhålla sig till vatteneffektivitetsprojekt, vilka organisatoriska begränsningar som bör hanteras, och vilka effekter vattenbesparande åtgärder har på ekonomiska kostnader, miljöpåverkan och påverkan från vattenrelaterade risker. Studien har genomförts på Saab Group. Primärdata för vattentillförselmängd och kostnad har erhållits från tolv platser för år 2018. Data från dessa siter har används för att uppskatta vattenanvändningen för de övriga 43 siterna som ingår i denna studie. Intervjuer med anställda inom Saabs organisation och med externa intressenter har fungerat som viktiga informationskällor, i kombination med undersökningar av interna företagsdokument. För att underlätta för företag att strukturellt ta itu med vatteneffektivitetsprojekt, så utvecklas Demingcykel-konceptet i den här studien. De inkluderade stegen är nödvändiga för att hantera viktiga identifierade organisatoriska begränsningar som är brits på kommunikation, brist på incitament för anställda och brist på ekonomiska incitament. Vidare, då vatten ofta är en energibärare, utvecklas en ny vattenminskningshierarki för att inkludera de sammanhängande aspekterna av energitillförsel och energiåtervinning. Potentialen för rörläckage och utmaningen att upptäcka dessa identifieras också. Om tiden från läckage till reparation under 2018 eliminerades, kunde den totala vattentillförseln i Arboga ha minskat med 10100 m3 vilket motsvarar 35% av total vattentillförsel till siten, respektive 35900 m3 och 42% i Björkborn. I Tannefors identifieras vattenbesparingsåtgärder för en ytbehandlingsprocess, en anläggning med testutrustning, och genom utnyttjande av grundvatten. Alla vattenbesparande åtgärder resulterar inte i minskade årliga driftkostnader, på grund av ett ökat energibehov. Vidare, om möjligheten för energiåtervinning förbises när reducering av vattenanvändning är målet, visar resultaten att ersättningen av ett kylsystem som använder kommunalt dricksvatten utan recirkulering med en luftkyld enhet, att utsläppen av växthusgaser kan öka. Under 2018, så skulle de simultant implementerbara vattenbesparande åtgärderna i Tannefors ha minskat vattentillförseln med 40600 m3, vilket motsvarar 22% av den totala tillförseln till siten. Utsläppen av växthusgaser hade samtidigt minskats med 0.4 ton CO2eq. Om även energitillförsel och energiåtervinning tas i beaktande, uppnår vissa åtgärder en minskning på över 35 ton CO2eq, vilket resulterar i förbättrad ekonomisk lönsamhet från minskade driftkostnader. Denna studie föreslår att organisatoriska begränsningar måste hanteras för att framgångsrikt genomföra identifierade vattenbesparande åtgärder. För att möjliggöra ekonomisk motivering för alla vattenbesparande åtgärder i Tannefors, måste en återbetalningstid på över sju år tillämpas, vilken kan sänkas om åtgärden också minskar energibehovet eller ökar energiåtervinningen. För att undvika suboptimering av vattenbesparande åtgärder, måste den nuvarande vattenhierarkin inkludera aspekterna av energitillförsel och energiåtervinning. Om målet är att minska ett företags vattenanvändning, bör de största anläggningarna med tunga industriprocesser först adresseras. Dock bör den potentiella påverkan från vattenrelaterade risker på mindre siter inte försummas, för att säkerställa säker drift och undvika ökade kostnader i företagets värdekedja.
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Mowder-Tinney, J. J. "Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Continuing Professional Development Module on Physical Therapists Use of Standardized Balance Measures: A Knowledge Translation Study." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2008. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/11.
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Purpose: This study had three objectives. The first objective was to develop the contents of a continuing professional development module (CPDM) for physical therapists geared toward increasing the use of standardized balance measures examine patients with balance dysfunction. The second objective was to assess the impact of the CPDM by measuring change in the clinicians' choice of measures using a patient case as well as the degree to which they changed their practice. The final purpose was to identify barriers and facilitators of knowledge translation using a CPDM. Subjects: A sample of convenience was used to recruit therapists through two home care agencies. Forty therapists participated in a one-day continuing professional development module (CPDM) regarding the use of standardized balance measures for patients with balance dysfunction. Method: A CPDM was designed based on the literature on adult learning, knowledge translation, and continuing professional development formats. Overlapping themes derived from this literature were combined to develop and present the module. Balance measures chosen for the content of the course were based on the literature and clinical relevance. Several tools were developed and administered to collect data on four levels of evaluation including: 1) participation using return rate of commitment to change forms, 2) satisfaction using a 5-point Likert evaluation form, 3) change in learning using change in pre/post case study scoring and a self assessment tool, and 4) change in performance using a commitment to change form and interview themes. Statistical tests used included descriptive, paired t-tests, and wilcoxon ranked sign test. In addition, semi-structured interviews were utilized. Results: Subjects satisfaction in the module was excellent and there was an 80% return rate of the commitment to change (CTC) forms. Statistically significant change scores were found in pre/post case study testing and self-assessment questions in regards to learning occurring following the module. Commitment to change forms and interview themes supported an actual change in clinicians' performance. Conclusion: Knowledge transfer can occur in a CPDM. The changes appeared to result from utilizing principles including accountability, multiple teaching strategies and facility support. The results of this study support the development of a CPDM to facilitate knowledge transfer in this specific area of physical therapy practice, as well as provide a model for other knowledge translation studies in the profession of physical therapy.
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Mac, Donald Tanya. "Standardized functional capacity outcome measures in post-operative cardiac surgery: A survey of current clinical practice and development of a clinical practice guideline (CPG)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28369.
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The objectives of the thesis were to determine the prevalence of functional capacity outcome measure use among physiotherapists working with post-operative cardiac surgery clients and to develop evidence-based recommendations regarding their use in clinical practice. The thesis consisted of a systematic review of the literature; a survey of outcome measure use in clinical practice; and the development of a clinical practice guideline. Thirty-one functional capacity outcome measures were included in the review. Only 2.6% of survey respondents reported almost always using outcome measures in their clinical practice. The Six Minute Walk Test, the modified Borg Rating Scale of Perceived Exertion and vital signs were recommended for routine use in clinical practice. A variety of outcome measures are available for use in clinical practice however their use in clinical practice continues to be less than optimal. There is a need for continued training in outcome measure use in clinical practice.
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Rhoad, Randy. "The Relationship Among Subtest Scores on the Structure of Intellect-Learning Abilities Test, Teacher Assigned Grades & Standardized Measures of Achievement for a Population of Gifted Students." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2758.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship, among gifted students, between scores obtained on the Structure of Intellect-Learning Abilities (SOI-LA) test and two measures of achievement: teacher assigned grades and scores obtained on the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS). This study was based on the assertion that academic abilities should be linked to specific cognitive abilities measured by the SOI-LA subtests. Significant, positive relationships between academic abilities and SOI-LA subtest scores would imply that curricula based on the Structure of Intellect theory, in areas identified as deficient by the SOI-LA tests, may increase achievement among the gifted population.
One hundred fifty-seven academically gifted students enrolled in grades 5 through 7 during the 1984-1985 school year were selected for this study. All of the participants qualified for admittance into the Gifted and Talented (GAT) program in a south central Kentucky school district. The SOI-LA and CTBS were administered between November 1984 and April 1985 by one of two GAT teachers; classroom teachers additionally provided grades in reading, language arts, and mathematics.
Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that:
Convergent Production of Semantic Systems (NSS) alone was the best predictor model for teacher assigned math grades.
Cognition of Semantic Relations (CMR) and Divergent Production of Semantic Units (DMU) together provided the best predictor model for teacher assigned reading grades.
None of the SOI-LA test variables proved significant predictors of teacher assigned language arts grades.
The combination of Evaluation of Symbolic Classes (ESC), Cognition of Semantic Relations (CMR), Convergent Production of Figural Units (NFU), Memory of Symbolic Implications (MSI), Convergent Production of Symbolic Systems (NSS), and Cognition of Symbolic Relations (CSR) provided the best predictor model for CTBS math scores.
The combination of CMR and CMU was shown to be the best predictor model for CTBS reading scores.
The best predictor model for CTBS language scores was Convergent Production of Symbolic Transformations (NST), ESC, Memory of Symbolic Units-Visual (MSU-V), DMU, MSI, CMR, and NFU.
Pearson product-moment coefficients were additionally calculated to facilitate the interpretation of the multiple regression analyses.
An explanation for the SOI-LA test's relatively poor predictive power for teacher assigned grades, compared to standardized test scores, may be the subjective nature of the assigned grades rather than the validity of the SOI-LA test.
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Schelin, Victoria, Emma Magnusson, and Malin Kjell. "En prövning av TEMPO- modellen för mätning av transporteffektivitet : En fallstudie på Alwex AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36616.
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I transportbranschen finns behov av ett gemensamt och standardiserat mått för mätning av effektivitet och trots avancerade IT-system och moderna verktyg råder det idag avsaknad av detta. Transportföretagen behöver inte bara ta fram egna, interna mått utan också accepterade och vedertagna mått som kan användas för att kommunicera med kunder, myndigheter och andra externa intressenter.The transportation industry is in need of a common and standardized measure for measuring the efficiency and despite advanced IT systems and modern tools, there is currently a lack of this. Carriers need not only to develop their own, internal dimensions, but also accepted and recognized measurements that can be used to communicate with customers, governments and other external stakeholders.
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Kalra, Lalit. "Standardised measures in stroke rehabilitation and their application to stroke research." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/standardised-measures-in-stroke-rehabilitation-and-their-application-to-stroke-research(d0d96c8d-bb08-42bc-954b-4886e9402a04).html.
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Hall, John J. "Predicting closed head injury using a standardized measure of sensory-motor functioning." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1395459.
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The main purpose of the present study was to identify sensory-motor deficits caused by closed head injury (CHI) when individuals with CHI are compared to a normal sample. The study also investigated lower-level sensory-motor functioning, such as gait, balance, and coordination and its relation to neurological impairment related to CHI. Additionally, the study determined if age significantly influenced sensory-motor functioning.Archival data was utilized to complete the study. Data was collected from a large, Midwestern neurology clinic (CHI) as well as from a normative sample of individuals with no reported history of neurological impairment. Preliminary analyses were completed to identify outliers. Samples were then randomly selected from the impaired group (CHI) and matched with randomly selected subjects from the normative sample based upon age.Three separate analyses were completed. The first analysis focused on age and if age significantly influences sensory motor functioning. The second analysis was completed using an adult's only sample based upon the results that age significantly influenced sensory-motor performance. Finally, the third analysis utilized all age groups to determine how dramatically age had an impact on distinguishing between individuals with CHI versus a normative sample.Results demonstrated that age had a significant influence on sensory-motor performance. Measures of subcortical and cortical motor function, motor speed, motor coordination and tactile examination were able to accurately classify individuals with head injury from a normative sample to a clinically significant degree (78%). The study argues that the D-WSMB is a reliable and valid measure to utilize when evaluating individuals with CHI.Department of Educational Psychology
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Jacobson, Stephanie Hildegarde Zadro. "A Comparison of Early Childhood Assessments and A Standardized Measure For Program Evaluation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30302.
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Traditionally, standardized achievement tests have been used to monitor program effectiveness. Recently, however, educators have questioned the appropriateness of standardized tests for this purpose, especially for programs designed for young children. Early childhood advocates suggest using developmentally appropriate assessments instead of standardized achievement tests for making classroom-level decisions about children and for program evaluation. Proponents, however, have not fully identified the psychometric properties of the assessments, certainly not for the purposes of program evaluation. Although developmentally appropriate assessments have been implemented in a number of classrooms across the country, few studies have verified their ability to discriminate among developmental levels. In addition, even fewer studies have addressed their use for evaluating program effectiveness. Using the records of 293 students from the local site of a National Transition Project and both classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) procedures, three assessment instruments and a standardized test were examined. It was shown that the Concepts about Print portion of the Early Childhood Assessment Package, the Language Arts component of the kindergarten developmental progress reports, and the first grade Early Literacy Scale tasks are, in fact, developmental assessments. Additionally, IRT procedures located students on the developmental continuum underlying the assessments. Although classical ANCOVAs were unable to identify Treatment or Head Start program effects beyond the kindergarten year, IRT procedures showed that the expected proportion of students at the highest latent ability levels tended to be greater for students in Demonstration schools and Head Start graduates than their counterparts throughout kindergarten and first grade. A standardized reading achievement measure administered to the students in second grade, was unable to differentiate program effects through either classical or IRT procedures. This suggests that the concepts underlying standardized tests differ from those underlying developmentally appropriate assessments. As a result, the key issue to be resolved is which type of measure is more valid, that is, more appropriate, for evaluating early childhood programs.Ph. D.
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Isacsson, Katrina. "“If It Matters… Measure It” – The Fraser Institute, Socioeconomics and School Performance." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24017.
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Isn’t the report card just a way to distinguish the “have” schools from the “have not” schools? This is the ninth in a series of frequently asked questions that can be found on the school performance section of the Fraser Institute’s website. Importantly, the report cards in question are both produced and published by the Fraser Institute, an independent public policy research group that ranks Canadian elementary schools on a set of indicators gleaned from the results of provincial standardized testing. While the Fraser Institute answers this question with a simple No, the thesis research presented here uses a mixed methods approach to examine the accuracy of this simplistic answer. Using socioeconomic data and regression analysis, this research endeavors to uncover if standardized test results can indeed stand independently of class and other demographic factors to produce a valid point of school comparison. This research also provides an in depth exploration of the Fraser Institute’s annual elementary school report card from the perspective of current elementary teachers in Ontario. Lastly, this research presents findings regarding the ways that parents of elementary school children use and understand the Fraser Institute’s school ratings.
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Nasr, Nasrin. "Outcome from total hip replacement : from standardised measures to patient-focused narrative-based assessment." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2007. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20767/.
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The dynamic construct of quality of life (QoL) and evidence of the response shift phenomenon in longitudinal studies can lead to biased and incomplete evaluation of change over time. This study examines the current approach to measurement of QoL, particularly the validity of measures routinely used in health care, using three different types of standardised measurements in association with narrative interviews of patients following total hip replacement: To explore the outcome from patients' perspectives by obtaining highly individualised data and encouraging them to identify domains of concern in their lives. To compare patients' expectations of outcome with their measured functional ability on the standardised measures. To establish whether there is a relationship between patients' expectations and characteristics and perceived QoL prior to surgery. To determine how well standardised generic measures fulfil patients' particular needs by comparing data obtained using them with individualised data. Narrative interviews were conducted with 25 participants, nine of whom participated in follow-up interviews. Different aspects of their lives, such as values, feelings, job, attitudes and relationships, were explored and analysed using content analysis and narrative analysis. The findings from content analysis were categorised into two major components, themes related to life dimensions and coping-related themes. Core concepts related to life dimensions were collated to develop an instrument representing participants' perspective of hip condition. Performance analysis of narrative showed that understanding of an experience relies on the structure of narrative rather than the content. Participants used different coping strategies not to get rid of pain and physical limitations but to alleviate the damaging effects of hip-related problems, supporting the notion of re-interpretation of life experiences through employing psychological mechanisms. The main recommendations are that (a) health outcomes should be evaluated through models of communication and (b) individualised, qualitative methods be used to generate further understanding of the impact of response shift on self-report measures.
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Panagopoulos, Irene, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The importance of assessing family dysfunction in conjuction with standardised measures when treating substance abuse." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050728.100552.
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In this thesis, the link between substance abuse and family dysfunction is examined, and an argument is made for the assessment of family dysfunction when treating clients with substance abuse issues. Family dysfunction has been associated with a broad range of problems in children (e.g., low self esteem, increased risk of child abuse) through to adolescence and adulthood (e.g., increased risk of mental disorders such as depressive disorders, substance abuse disorders, and personality disorders) (Kaplan & Sadock, 1998). It is not the purpose of this thesis to suggest that family dysfunction causes substance abuse but rather to highlight that family dysfunction can in some cases place the individual at greater risk of substance abuse. Therefore, in order to understand the reasons why substance abuse developed and how it is maintained in the present requires the assessment of family dysfunction. Further, the importance of assessing the role and impact that family dysfunction may have had on the client, may help to better understand the nature and extent of substance abuse so that relevant and appropriate treatment goals for change may be set, progress monitored, and risk of relapse reduced. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to this thesis, and Chapter 2 is a review of the literature on the impact of family dysfunction including poor parental attachment and supervision, neglect, physical and sexual abuse, in adolescence and adulthood. Four case studies are presented to illustrate how family dysfunction and substance abuse may be related, thus highlighting the importance of assessing family dysfunction when treating substance abuse clients. All of the case studies include an individual with a substance abuse disorder (namely heroin) but they are diverse in terms of the types and extent of family dysfunction. The final chapter discusses the case studies in relation to the literature reviewed. Lastly, it gives consideration to the implication of a history of family dysfunction, and how it may impact negatively on treatment and therefore prognosis.
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Mukes, Sharon Lee. "The effect of absence from elementary school on student performance as measured by standardized achievement tests." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/535894.
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The purpose of the study was to determine what relationship, if any, existed between student absence from school and student performance on standardized achievement tests. The study was designed to provide statistical data for educators and others interested in efforts to improve public education.Subjects of the study were students from a large school district in northern Indiana. Students included in the study were selected from those enrolled in the identified school corporation four consecutive years, from 1983-84 (grade 2) through 1986-87 (grade 5). A one-third representative sample of 500 subjects was selected from the total eligible population of 1,505 studentsData collected regarding the subjects of the study included sex, race, IQ scores, percentile ranks from subtest scores on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills and the California Achievement Test for grades 2 and 3 and grades 4 and 5 respectively, and the total number of days absent from school for the school years 1983-84 through 1986-87.Achievement subtest scores were converted from percentile ranks to normalized standard deviation zscores. Absence rates were also converted to z-scores for statistical comparison.The hypothesis stated in null form was: No relationship exists between student absence from school and student performance on standardized achievement tests at the elementary school level. Path analysis, or causal analysis, a special application of regression analysis, was the technique used to test the hypothesis. Achievement test performance was predicted from a weighted combination of independent variables and control variables. Predicted achievement test performance was compared to observed achievement test performance to determine whether absence could account for any variation between the two scores.Small but significant relationships were identified in simple correlations pertaining to the data for grade 5. The significant correlations were not maintained, however, when all control variables were computed into the regression analysis equation. The null hypothesis was not rejected.Department of Educational Administration and Supervision
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Dales, Robert Edgar. "The ability of a standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire to predict airway reactivity as measured by bronchial challenge /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64490.
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Sofie, Sjöberg. "Evaluation of a standardized platelet concentration in samples from platelet concentrates measured over time with impedance aggregometry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254606.
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Platelet transfusions can be necessary during treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia or impaired platelet function. Platelet function in platelet concentrates (PC) deteriorate with storage time. Studying swirling is often used to control the quality of PC’s before transfusion but the method has some disadvantages. Therefore other methods can be useful, for example impedance aggregometry (IA, Multiplate® Analyzer) to measure platelet function. In this study the change in platelet function over time was examined in buffy coat and apheresis platelets with IA where aggregation had been induced with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. PC’s were tested on day 1, 4 and 7 after donation. One of the main aims of this study was to evaluate if dilution to a standardized platelet concentration (800x109 platelets/L) for IA of PC’s could be used, since platelet concentration has been shown to influence aggregation. The effect of pathogen inactivation (INTERCEPT) on platelet function and the importance of fibrinogen for aggregation were also studied. The dilution of platelet samples reduced the range of measured values and was suitable to use with collagen but not ADP. The platelet function decreased significantly over time with both agonists. There was a significant difference between pathogen inactivated and gamma irradiated PC’s with collagen activation on day 1. Fibrinogen was shown to be of importance for platelet aggregation, but other factors in plasma seem to be necessary too. In conclusion, IA is a suitable method for following change in aggregability over time in PC’s and sample dilution reduced variation in results.
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Eineman, Teresa A. "The effects of retention on elementary school student performance as measured by legally mandated standardized achievement tests." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/861388.
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The purpose of the study was to determine possible relationships existing between elementary student retention and academic performance, as measured by standardized achievement tests legally mandated by state initiatives in minimum competency testing, for a four year period beginning with the year culminating in retention. The study also attempted to determine if the relationship is affected by the grade level of retention, gender, ethnicity, or mental aptitude.Subjects of the study were 220 elementary students from a large metropolitan school district in central Indiana, half of whom had been retained in grades one or two, and half of whom were randomly selected and had never been retained. Using achievement data collected from the MacMillan/McGraw-Hill standardized achievement tests, CTB/4 and CAT E/F, the relationships of achievement scores in reading, language expression, and mathematics between and within the two groups were analyzed. Mental aptitude data from The Test of Cognitive Skills (CTB MacMillan/McGrawHill), and data on gender and ethnicity, were also examined to determine the effect of these variables. Multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the various relationships using the P<.05 level of significance.The study found that (a) for the longitudinal period, retained student performance did not reach the-mean of the promoted group; (b) grade level of retention yielded different longitudinal patterns of performance, but did improve the relationship between retained and promoted student performance in either grade; and (c) mental aptitude, but not gender and ethnicity, was significantly related to student performance.The study concluded that (a) retention is not effective in raising substandard performance to promoted peer levels over a four year period, (b) retention is most effective for improving performance in the repeated year, (c) students retained at grade two maintain performance gains better than students retained in grade one, and (d) mental aptitude plays a significant role in the evaluation of the effectiveness of retention.Department of Educational Leadership
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Leung, Hoi-ting Michelle, and 梁愷婷. "Development and validation of a standardised measure of the self-stigma for early psychosis patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192968.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To develop and validate a standardized self-stigma scale to capture the self-stigma level of early psychosis patients with lack of insight of their own mental condition. This bridges the research gap for existing scales measuring self-stigma in early psychosis patients. Method: We used qualitative data from focus groups and individual interviews with early psychosis patients to develop a pilot scale with15 concern issues and 48 items. We recruited 40 early psychosis patients in order to validate the scale. Of these, 15 were invited to complete the questionnaire twice within two to three weeks’ time for measuring the test-retest reliability for the scale. Results: The final self-stigma scale with 15concern issues and 32 items was produced. The self-stigma scale scores were positively correlated with depression, medication side-effects, positive and negative symptoms, insight, social withdrawal, perceived devaluation and discrimination, as well as experienced stigma. While the self-stigma scores were negatively correlated with social functioning and self-disclosure. However, their correlation with the self-stigma scale all served as discriminant validity. Discussion: The self-report questionnaire, which could be completed within ten to fifteen minutes, might help us understand more about the role of self-stigma in early psychosis patients in both research and clinical settings, also, its future applications were discussed.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Rair, Randal J. "Test Environment for Optimal Performance in high school students: Measure development and the relationship with standardized test scores." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent156197137829198.
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Cook, Jonathan R. "A structural model of organization - and clinician-specific factors that predict standardized measure use among child and adolescent clinicians." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6112.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pf file (which also appears in the research.pf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pf file. Title from title screen of research.pf file (viewed on August 20, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Wright, Keith D. "Improvements for Differential Functioning of Items and Tests (DFIT): Investigating the Addition of Reporting an Effect Size Measure and Power." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/80.
Full textAbstract:
Standardized testing has been part of the American educational system for decades. Controversy from the beginning has plagued standardized testing, is plaguing testing today, and will continue to be controversial. Given the current federal educational policies supporting increased standardized testing, psychometricians, educators and policy makers must seek ways to ensure that tests are not biased towards one group over another.
In measurement theory, if a test item behaves differently for two different groups of examinees, this test item is considered a differential functioning test item (DIF). Differential item functioning, often conceptualized in the context of item response theory (IRT) is a term used to describe test items that may favor one group over another after matched on ability. It is important to determine whether an item is functioning significantly different for one group over another regardless as to why. Hypothesis testing is used to determine statistical significant DIF items; an effect size measure quantifies a statistical significant difference.
This study investigated the addition of reporting an effect size measure for differential item functioning of items and tests’ (DFIT) noncompensatory differential item functioning (NCDIF), and reporting empirically observed power. The Mantel-Haenszel (MH) parameter served as the benchmark for developing NCDIF’s effect size measure, for reporting moderate and large differential item functioning in test items. In addition, by modifying NCDIF’s unique method for determining statistical significance, NCDIF will be the first DIF statistic of test items where in addition to reporting an effect size measure, empirical power can also be reported.
Furthermore, this study added substantially to the body of literature on effect size by also investigating the behavior of two other DIF measures, Simultaneous Item Bias Test (SIBTEST) and area measure. Finally, this study makes a significant contribution to the body of literature by verifying in a large-scale simulation study, the accuracy of software developed by Roussos, Schnipke, and Pashley (1999) to calculate the true MH parameter. The accuracy of this software had not been previously verified.
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Saltzman, Jennifer Lesley. "The development of a standardized measure of social competence in middle childhood, beginning to bridge the gap between empirical knowledge and clinical practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62527.pdf.
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Paris, Joseph. "Predicting Success: An Examination of the Predictive Validity of a Measure of Motivational-Developmental Dimensions in College Admissions." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/494981.
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Educational LeadershipEd.D.
Although many colleges and universities use a wide range of criteria to evaluate and select admissions applicants, much of the variance in college student success remains unexplained. Thus, success in college, as defined by academic performance and student retention, may be related to other variables or combinations of variables beyond those traditionally used in college admissions (high school grade point average and standardized test scores). The current study investigated the predictive validity of a measure of motivational-developmental dimensions as a predictor of the academic achievement and persistence of college students as measured by cumulative undergraduate grade point average and retention. These dimensions are based on social-cognitive (self-concept, self-set goals, causal attributions, and coping strategies) and developmental-constructivist (self-awareness and self-authorship) perspectives. Motivational-developmental constructs are under-explored in terms of the predictive potential derived from their use in evaluating admission applicants’ ability to succeed and persevere despite the academic and social challenges presented by postsecondary participation. Therefore, the current study aimed to generate new understandings to benefit the participating institution and other institutions of higher education that seek new methodologies for evaluating and selecting college admission applicants. This dissertation describes two studies conducted at a large, urban public university located in the Northeastern United States. Participants included 10,149 undergraduate students who enrolled as first-time freshmen for the Fall 2015 (Study 1) and Fall 2016 (Study 2) semesters. Prior to matriculation, participants applied for admission using one of two methods: standard admissions or test-optional admissions. Standard admission applicants submitted standardized test scores (e.g., SAT) whereas test-optional applicants responded to four short-answer essay questions, each of which measured a subset of the motivational-developmental dimensions examined in the current study. Trained readers evaluated the essays to produce a “test-optional essay rating score,” which served as the primary predictor variable in the current study. Quantitative analyses were conducted to investigate the predictive validity of the “test-optional essay rating score” and its relationship to cumulative undergraduate grade point average and retention, which served as the outcome variables in the current study. The results revealed statistically significant group differences between test-optional applicants and standard applicants. Test-optional admission applicants are more likely to be female, of lower socioeconomic status, and ethnic minorities as compared to standard admission applicants. Given these group differences, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were computed to determine whether the test-optional essay rating score differentially predicted success across racial and gender subgroups. There was inconclusive evidence regarding whether the test-optional essay rating score differentially predicts cumulative undergraduate grade point average and retention across student subgroups. The results revealed a weak correlation between the test-optional essay rating score and cumulative undergraduate grade point average (Study 1: r = .11, p < .01; Study 2: r = .07, p < .05) and retention (Study 1: r = .08, p < .05; Study 2: r = .10, p < .01), particularly in comparison to the relationship between these outcome variables and the criteria most commonly considered in college admissions (high school grade point average, SAT Verbal, SAT Quantitative, and SAT Writing). Despite these findings, the test-optional essay rating score contributed nominal value (R2 = .07) in predicting academic achievement and persistence beyond the explanation provided by traditional admissions criteria. Additionally, a ROC analysis determined that the test-optional essay rating score does not predict student retention in a way that is meaningfully different than chance and therefore is not an accurate binary classifier of retention. Further research should investigate the validity of other motivational-developmental dimensions and the fidelity of other methods for measuring them in an attempt to account for a greater proportion of variance in college student success.
Temple University--Theses
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Eberle, Wayne M. "Teacher Self-Efficacy and Student Achievement as Measured by North Carolina Reading and Math End-Of-Grade Tests." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1242.
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Teachers continue to experience an increased sense of responsibility as it relates to job performance while still being required to produce at the same level with relation to student performance. This can cause an increase in personal stress and result in lowered feelings of self- worth, having a negative impact on service delivery to children and overall job performance.
Bandura (1997) defined self-efficacy as a judgment of one's ability to organize and execute given types of performances. Furthermore, he suggests that the outcomes people anticipate depend largely upon their judgments of how well they will be able to perform in given situations. The same can be said for teachers in relation to their beliefs and attitudes toward their students' overall performance.
The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether a relationship exists between teachers' feeling of self-efficacy and their students' overall achievement with respect to North Carolina Reading and Math End-Of-Grade tests. Surveys were administered to teachers in grades three through eight, in eight Pre-K through 8th grade schools. Data collected focused on teachers' feeling of self-efficacy. This study employed qualitative data gathered from participant surveys. Participating teachers in this study are in high performing schools as defined by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. Their students have good academic records, coupled with high parental involvement (North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 2010).
Six of the 14 comparisons within this study did not reveal a significant relationship between perceived teacher self-efficacy and North Carolina End-of-Grade reading and math test scores. However a relationship between perceived self-efficacy within gender did reveal that female participants tended to have higher perceived self-efficacy than that of the male participants. Male teacher participants tended to have higher North Carolina End-of-Grade reading test scores than those of female teacher participants. It was also discovered that each of the respondents, regardless of perceived self-efficacy score, had test results in both reading and math that were significantly higher than the state average. Finally it was also discovered that a relationship existed between teacher respondents with lower perceived self-efficacy scores and North Carolina math test scores.
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Yen, Yen-Chen, and 顏彥禎. "Measures of Multivariate Standardized Effect between Groups." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09794182579964566654.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理科學系所
103
What concerns most of the researchers is whether there is significant difference between groups under null hypothesis. Comparing with significant value, “effect sizes” are not used frequently in practice. They are objective measures of the size of difference or the strength of the association. With effect size, the important of findings can be fully understood. However, they can be measured differently depending on experimental designs and statistical methods. The aim of this article is to give a proper estimation of f-squared in multivariate analysis of variance and the adjustments according to nonnegative property are included. In addition, the comparison of univariate and multivariate effect-size measures is concerned since the approximate distribution in multivariate analysis leads to the bias in estimation. Properties of these estimators are studied using Monte Carlo simulation methods.
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"Standardized Training and Accountability Measures Impact on Key Performance Indicators." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45550.
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abstract: Standardized processes for training and accountability, for an Environmental Services department within a healthcare system, were implemented to see the impact they would have on key performance indicators (KPIs). The KPIs involved infection rate for hospital acquired Clostridium Difficile (CDI), cleaning verification compliance, patient satisfaction, concerning the cleaning of their environment, and employee turnover. The results show that standardizing training and an accountability measure can have a significant impact on turnover, contribute to the reduction in CDI cases, ensure cleaning is performed at a high level and that the patient perception requires additional tools to meet their expectations on a consistent basis.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Construction Management 2017
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Hutto, Lauren M. Prevatt Frances. "A comparison of two standardized measures for evaluating academic competence in college students." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10192004-201159.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Frances Prevatt, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (Jan. 19, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.
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Pattison, Kira. "Factors Influencing Physical Therapists’ Use of Standardized Measures of Walking Capacity Post-stroke across the Care Continuum." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43288.
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Abstract
Background. Physical therapists report inconsistent use of valid and reliable measures of walking post-stroke.
Objective. To describe the methods physical therapists use to evaluate walking, reasons for selecting these methods, and the use of the evaluation results in clinical practice along the continuum of an organized system of stroke care.
Methods. A qualitative descriptive study involving semi-structured telephone interviews of physical therapists in Ontario was conducted. A thematic analysis was performed.
Results. Participants (n=28) used both standardized and non-standardized methods to assess walking. A hierarchy of factors influencing use of both methods was observed. Assessment results were commonly used for communication with other healthcare professionals or education of the patient.
Conclusions. A variety of factors influence physical therapists to use standardized assessment tools. Future knowledge translation interventions should focus on these factors to improve the standardized assessment of walking post-stroke.
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Tsai, Sheng Chin, and 蔡生盡. "Relationships among the Standardized Neuromotor Measures and Center of Pressure (COP) Measurements in Young Infants during Sitting." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13864544741151283672.
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碩士長庚大學
物理治療學系
100
BACKGROUNDS/PURPOSES: Using neuromotor deviation as an early life marker for development delay is critical in the early intervention service. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a norm-referenced test that assesses the spontaneous motor performance of infants from birth through independent walking (0-18 months). The Harris Infant Neuromotor Test (HINT) is newly developed as a screening tool for potential motor and cognitive developmental disorders in infants. However, the psychometric properities of the AIMS and the HINT were not fully examined yet, especially in Taiwan. Because independent sitting is often the first missed or delayed milestone indicating a posture or movement disorder. The analysis of centre of pressure (COP) excursions in sitting can be used as an index of postural stability. Previous studies showed that the COP assessment is a reliable method for examining the postural control in young infants. However, the relationships between the COP measurement and the standardized neuromotor measures (e.g. AIMS and HINT) were not examined yet. The aims of this project were 1) to examine the reliability and the validity of two standardized neuromotor measures, the AIMS and the HINT, and 2) to explore the relationships among those two standardized neuromotor measures and the COP measurements during sitting. METHODS: A sample of convenience of 53 infants and their parents participated in this study. According to the manuals of the AIMS and the HINT, the infants were assessed and filmed by videotaping simultaneously. A total of 61 videos were collected and used for the intra-rater reliability and the concurrent validity studies. The predictive validity of 29 infants was calculated. The data of the AIMS and the HINT were analyzed using ICC(3,1) for the intra-rater reliability study and applying the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for the concurrent validity study. In addition, the infants were divided into two groups (the health group vs. the no risk group) based upon the concerns of their parents. The known-groups method was used to assess the construct validity of the HINT. The COP measurements were administered to the infants who were at 6 to 7months of age. The COP data in quite sitting was recorded and analysed for 30 seconds for three trials. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships between the AIMS and the COP measurements, as well as the HINT and the COP measurement. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability of the AIMS and the HINT varied from 0.70 to 0.99 and from 0.94 to 0.98 respectively. The concurrent validity of the AIMS and the HINT was good to excellent (r=-0.81~ -0.93). The results of the known group comparison showed that there were statistically significance between the two groups (p<0.005). The relationships between the COP and the total score of the AIMS for the whole group was fair to excellent (r = 0.29~ 0.78) at 6 to 7 months while the COP and the total score of the HINT was fair to excellent (r =-0.38~ -0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided the psychometric properiteis of the AIMS and the HINT in Taiwan. Despite the small sample size, statistically significant correlations between the standardized neuromotor measures and the COP measurement were noted. It implieded that the COP measurements might be useful for detecting the small difference of motor functions among the infants. The future study was warrant.
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Carroll, Philip J. "The feasibility of using Standardized Carrier Performance Measures (SCPM) among vehicle assemblers in Canada and the United States." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9148.
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Increasingly, shippers need accurate motor carrier performance information. Carrier
selection and performance evaluation programs, carrier certification programs and quality
management programs all require accurate performance information. Traditionally,
shippers do not have much experience in formally gathering and measuring such
information. For those shippers and carriers who do measure performance, no
standardized measuring and reporting rules exist within industry.
Over the years, the accounting profession has established standardized financial
performance information reporting rules based on user needs. The process used by the
profession involves input from information users, exposure drafts that summarize
information needs, and proposed measuring and reporting rules. Exposure drafts are
criticized, modified, and recirculated. This iterative process continues until users accept
rules.
In an attempt to establish standardized carrier performance measuring and reporting rules,
this study completes the first iteration of this process. This study examines the
information needs of vehicle assemblers in Canada and the United States. This work is
conducted while examining the feasibility of standardized measuring and reporting within
this industry segment. From this research, the study suggests industry recommendations
and future research needs.
This study finds that vehicle assemblers generally have similar performance information
needs but go about meeting these needs with different measurements. These information
needs exist on two tiers. Popular delivery service attributes are on the first tier, while
infrequent freight damage and loss, billing and service availability attributes are on the
second tier. Although interest exists among vehicle assemblers to explore standardized
carrier performance measures, barriers such as carrier performance evaluation program
confidentiality stand in the way.
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Johnston, Bradley C. "Methodological issues in randomized trials of pediatric acute diarrhea : evaluating probiotics and the need for standardized definitions and valid outcome measures /." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/620.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2009.A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on November 21, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
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Hollingshead, Lynne Marguerite. "Cut Once, Measure Everywhere: The Stability of Percentage of Students Above a Cut Score." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24579.
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Large-scale assessment results for schools, school boards/districts, and entire provinces or states are commonly reported as the percentage of students achieving a standard – that is, the percentage of students scoring above the cut score that defines the standard on the assessment scale. Recent research has shown that this method of reporting is sensitive to small changes in the cut score, especially when comparing results across years or between groups. This study extends that work by investigating the effects of reporting group size on the stability of results. For each of ten group sizes, 1000 samples with replacement were drawn from the May 2009 Ontario Grade 6 Assessment of Reading, Writing and Mathematics. The results showed that for small group sizes – analogous to small schools – there is little confidence and that extreme caution must be taken when interpreting differences observed between years or groups.
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Coelho, Rodrigo Ponces. "Exploring deliberate practice in weekly work routines and psychotherapists´ professional development - preliminary results." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/8077.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaPráticas baseadas em evidência científica, como a utilização de sistemas de monotorização de progresso terapêutico e de feedback , têm registado nas últimas três décadas um aumento do interesse, e empenho, em iniciativas de implementação destas práticas. Recentemente, uma nova abordagem científica ao treino e formação de competência em psicoterapia, a prática delibera (PD), tem mostrado convincente evidência científica do seu potencial no treino e impacto no resultado psicoterapêutico. Naturalmente, estes resultados promissores são tendencialmente acompanhados por uma iniciativa de generalização e implementação do método num contexto diário, para praticantes não afiliados à investigação científica. No entanto, as limitações e dificuldades de adaptação e implementação de uma metodologia de PD num contexto natural não foram estudadas. Deste modo, através de uma revisão de literatura narrativa, é proposto analisar artigos referentes a projetos de implementação de sistema de monitorização, incluindo barreiras e facilitadores, contextualização cultural e perfil de utilizadores. É argumentado que sistemas de monitorização e a prática deliberada partilham premissas teóricas, dificuldades de implementação, e podem ser consideradas como complementares. Desta forma, ilações podem ser feitas a partir de uma revisão de literatura de projetos de implementação de sistemas de monitorização sobre possíveis limitações da implementação da PD. É discutido a forma como constrangimentos práticos, resistências emocionais, barreiras financeiras, características pessoais, profissionais e de setting, registados na revisão de literatura podem ser espelhados para PD.
Evidence-based practices (EBP) such as standardized monitorization have registered implementation efforts in clinical practice for the last three decades. Recently, another evidence-based approach to psychotherapy enhancement, deliberate practice (DP), has shown promising evidence of its impact on psychotherapy outcome and training. Such findings are naturally followed by an intention of implementation in everyday mental health care conducted by non-researchers’. Thus, through a narrative literature review, it is argued that both standardized monitorization and DP share theoretical premises, implementation barriers, and be complementary. Implementation barriers are reviewed, including cultural contextualization, user profile, barriers, and facilitators in implementation projects. It is discussed how the practical barriers, time burden, the attitudinal and emotional resistances, the financial limitations, personal and professional characteristics registered in the current literature on standardized measures implementation can mirror DP projects.
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Mohee, K., M. M. Khan, L. Akeroyd, Andy J. Scally, and C. Morley. "Should we Standardise how Heart Rate is Measured?" 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10704.
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NoIntroduction There is increasing evidence that lowering HR in cardiovascular disease may be beneficial. Recent trials have documented heart rate (HR) using supine ECG and the NICE guideline for heart failure[1,2] suggests lowering HR below 75 bpm but without specifying how HR should be measured. There is no published data on how HR measured by supine ECG compares to “real world” measurement in the clinic or surgery and any discrepancy might lead to overzealous introduction of HR lowering treatment. Method HR was measured in 136 consecutive patients attending a new cardiology OP clinic. Three methods of measuring HR were compared in the following sequence: Supine HR measured by ECG “real world” measurement by the nurse using Dynamat (auto) Manually over 30 sec during examination (Dr). Patients with dysrhythmia were excluded. Findings HR measured using these 3 methods has been presented separately and has shown a significant difference with ECG HR slower on average by >6bpm vs. either auto or Dr Measurement. The table shows the number and % of patients where HR was either ≥ 70bpm (Shift evidence) or ≥ 75 bpm (Nice guidelines) measured by one or two methods but not all three. Conclusion Real world HR measurement is consistently higher than supine ECG HR and may therefore lead to over inclusive treatment according to guideline recommendations. The method used to measure HR should be defined both in clinical trials and in published guidelines. Supine ECG is suggested as the preferred method for documenting HR prior to initiating rate lowering therapy.
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Crowell, McQuarrie Susanna. "Measuring Caregiver Impact on Children’s Violent News Media Exposure: Development and Initial Validation of the Caregiver Responses to Youth Media Exposure (CRYME)." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/psych_theses/152.
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Research has shown that media exposure to violence is positively correlated with anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children (Becker-Blease et al. 2008), and parents can influence children’s responses to media (Otto et al. 2007). Few studies have examined specific parenting behaviors related to their children’s response to violent news media exposure; which is further limited by the lack of available measures with adequate psychometric support (Comer & Kendall, 2007). The current study addresses this gap by developing a measure of specific ways that caregivers may influence their children’s exposure and reaction to violent news. Item content was generated based on a literature review and focus group interview with six parents. Using a sample of 702 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the initial 74-item measure of Caregiver Responses to Youth Media Exposure (CRYME). With a total of 35 items, a three-factor solution emerged.
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Donnelly, Catherine. "Relationship between perceived level of function and measured performance on a standardized lifting assessment in individuals with chronic low back pain receiving workers compensation." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11701.
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Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal complaint in adults and one
of the leading causes for being off work. The complex biopsychosocial nature of low
back pain is recognized extensively in the low back pain literature. Studies have
suggested that outcomes of low back pain are more likely related to psychosocial factors
than any specific physical factor. More recently there has been a move towards a more
client-centred approach to low back pain. Many studies have examined the treatment and
assessment of low back pain, but none have included an individualized, client-centred
approach.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), a client-centred individualized
assessment, the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation (PILE) and the Oswestry Low
Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), two standard low back assessments. In
addition, the ability of each assessment to differentiate between individuals who returned
to work and those that did not at both discharge and at 3-month follow-up was examined.
Subjects consisted of those individuals who had sustained a low back injury while
at work and who were currently attending or about to attend a rehabilitation program.
Forty six individuals (mean age 40.6 years, range 20 to 61) completed initial and
discharge assessments and all were contacted 3 months following discharge to determine
work status.
A significant correlation was found between the COPM Performance and the
ODQ (r=-.434, p<.001). No significant correlation was found between the COPM
Satisfaction and the ODQ. A weak to moderate relationship was found between the
COPM Performance, ODQ and the PILE (r values from -.250 to -.552). No relationship
was found between the COPM Satisfaction and the PILE. Results indicate the COPM
measures a different aspect of function than both the ODQ and the PILE.
Both the COPM Performance and ODQ were able to differentiate between
individuals who returned to work at discharge and those that did not (p<.05). This is a
new finding and supports the use of an individualized, client-centred outcome measure in
a chronic low back pain population. No other variable, including age and duration of
injury were able to differentiate return to work status at either discharge or 3-months
follow-up.
This study confirms previous research which indicate return to work is a complex,
multifaceted issue. This is the first study to examine the use of an individualized, clientcentred
approach and provides initial support for the use of such measure in a chronic
low back pain population.
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Wang, Dandan 1981. "Comparing latent means using two factor scaling methods : a Monte Carlo study." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/16414.
Full textAbstract:
Social science researchers are increasingly using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) to compare different groups' latent variable means. To ensure that a MG-CFA model is identified, two approaches are commonly used to set the scale of the latent variable. The reference indicator (RI) strategy, which involves constraining one loading per factor to a value of one across groups, assumes that the RI has equal factor loadings across groups. The second approach involves constraining each factor's variance to a value of one across groups and, thus, assumes that the factor variances are equal across groups. Latent mean differences may be tested and described using Gonzalez and Griffin's (2001) likelihood ratio test (LRT[subscript k]) and Hancock's (2001) standardized latent mean difference effect size measure ([delta subscript k]), respectively. Applied researchers using the LRT[subscript k] and/or the [delta subscript k] when comparing groups' latent means may not explicitly test the assumptions underlying the two factor scaling methods. To date, no study has examined the impact of violating the assumptions associated with the two scaling methods on latent mean comparisons. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the LRT[subscript k] and the [delta subscript k] when violating the assumptions underlying the RI strategy and/or the factor variance scaling method. Type I error and power of the LRT[subscript k] as well as relative parameter bias and parameter bias of the [delta subscript k] were examined when varying loading difference magnitude, factor variance ratio, factor loading pattern and sample size ratio. Rejection rates of model fit indices, including the x² test, RMSEA, CFI, TLI and SRMR, under these varied conditions were also examined. The results indicated that violating the assumptions underlying the RI strategy did not affect the LRT[subscript k] or the [delta subscript k]. However, violating the assumption underlying the factorvariance scaling method influenced Type I error rates of the LRT[subscript k], particularly in unequal sample size conditions. Results also indicated that the four factors manipulated in this study had an impact on correct model rejection rates of the model fit indices. It is hoped that this study provides useful information to researchers concerning the use of the LRT[subscript k] and [delta subscript k] under factor scaling method assumption violations.text