Relevant bibliographies by topics / Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index

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Academic literature on the topic 'Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"

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Wang, Long, Hang Yu, Maoling Yang, Rui Yang, Rui Gao, and Ying Wang. "A drought index: The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration runoff index." Journal of Hydrology 571 (April 2019): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.02.023.

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Zhao Jing, Yan Deng-Hua, Yang Zhi-Yong, Hu Yong, Weng Bai-Sha, and Gong Bo-Ya. "Improvement and adaptability evaluation of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index." Acta Physica Sinica 64, no. 4 (2015): 049202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.049202.

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LI, Wei-Guang, Xue YI, Mei-Ting HOU, Hui-Lin CHEN, and Zhen-Li CHEN. "Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index shows drought trends in China." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 20, no. 5 (December 6, 2012): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2012.00643.

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Gocic, Milan, Danilo Misic, Slavisa Trajkovic, and Mladen Milanovic. "Using GIS tool for presenting spatial distribution of drought." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace200409006g.

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By using GIS tools, it is possible to improve the preview of hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, flood and drought. In order to quantify drought, different type of drought indicators have been developed such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) or Water Surplus Variability Index (WSVI). In this paper the precipitation-based SPI indicator was applied to the monthly precipitation data from Serbia during the period 1948-2012. The data were processed in the QuantumGIS software package. For the purpose of application in the monitoring of drought at the national level, a spatial presentation of meteorological drought was obtained.
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Saengrattanayon, Chanattha, Nuttapong Panthong, Parwapath Phunthirawuthi, and Sukrit Kirtsaeng. "Analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index over Chiangrai and Phayao." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.117.

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Drought indices analysis plays a vital role in flood and drought monitoring and early warning, which is a main responsibility of Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), especially the basins that are limited in use o¬¬f water resources such as Kok and Ing river basins. This study aims to analyze drought situations utilized Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at Chiangrai and Phayao provinces (located Kok and Ing basins). Both observed data, precipitation and temperature, are used for calculation (data in between 1951-2018 for Chiangrai and 1981-2018 for Phayao). The result shows that SPEI can determine drought probability and its potential impact in the observed area. This study could be applied to drought monitoring over other basins.
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S L Cheng F Y Zhang Y Q et al, Liu. "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Dataset of Yunnan Province, China." Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery 1, no. 4 (2017): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3974/geodp.2017.04.11.

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Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M., Santiago Beguería, and Juan I. López-Moreno. "A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." Journal of Climate 23, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2909.1.

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Abstract The authors propose a new climatic drought index: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The SPEI is based on precipitation and temperature data, and it has the advantage of combining multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment. The procedure to calculate the index is detailed and involves a climatic water balance, the accumulation of deficit/surplus at different time scales, and adjustment to a log-logistic probability distribution. Mathematically, the SPEI is similar to the standardized precipitation index (SPI), but it includes the role of temperature. Because the SPEI is based on a water balance, it can be compared to the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (sc-PDSI). Time series of the three indices were compared for a set of observatories with different climate characteristics, located in different parts of the world. Under global warming conditions, only the sc-PDSI and SPEI identified an increase in drought severity associated with higher water demand as a result of evapotranspiration. Relative to the sc-PDSI, the SPEI has the advantage of being multiscalar, which is crucial for drought analysis and monitoring.
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Ariyanto, Dwi Priyo, Abdul Aziz, Komariah Komariah, Sumani Sumani, and Magarsa Abara. "Comparing the accuracy of estimating soil moisture using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41396.

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<span>The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are used to monitor and identify different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts. This study evaluates the accuracy of estimating soil moisture levels using the two indexes. The analysis correlated the SPI and the SPEI over three years (November 2016–October 2019) using <em>Rstudio</em>, with average monthly soil moisture taken using a Soil Moisture Sensor; 3-, 6- and 12-months SPI and SPEI showed a positive correlation for soil moisture (Sig &lt;0.05), whereas 1-month SPI and SPEI results did not. A regression test was used to get an equation model for estimating soil moisture content. The correlation for soil moisture between the 1-month SPI and SPEI results was insignificant (p-value &gt;0.05). In contrast, the 3-, 6-, and 12-months indexes were significant (p-value &lt;0.05). Estimating soil moisture content using the SPEI (50–59.09%) had a higher accuracy value than the SPI (36.36%), which indicates the SPEI can more reliably predict soil moisture.</span>
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Ogunrinde, Akinwale T., David A. Olasehinde, and Yahaya Olotu. "Assessing the sensitivity of standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index to three potential evapotranspiration models in Nigeria." Scientific African 8 (July 2020): e00431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00431.

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Beguería, Santiago, Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano, Fergus Reig, and Borja Latorre. "Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) revisited: parameter fitting, evapotranspiration models, tools, datasets and drought monitoring." International Journal of Climatology 34, no. 10 (December 21, 2013): 3001–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3887.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"

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Edossa, D. C., Y. E. Woyessa, and W. A. Welderufael. "Comparison between two meteorological drought indices in the central region of South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 13, Issue 3: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/309.

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Published Article
The objective of this study was to characterize meteorological droughts in the Central Region of South Africa, Modder River Basin, C52A quaternary catchment using two popular drought indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and to compare the two indices. Drought events were characterized based on their frequency, duration, magnitude and intensity. The indices were computed for the time-scales that are important for planning and management of water resources, i.e. 3-, 6- and 12-month time-scales. The basic meteorological input data used in the computation of these indices were 57 years (1950-2007) of monthly precipitation and monthly temperature data which were recorded at The Cliff weather station in the quaternary catchment. It was found that both SPI and SPEI responded to drought events in similar fashion in all time-scales. During the analysis period, a total of 37, 26 and 17 drought events were identified in the area based on 3-, 6-, and 12-month times-scales, respectively. Considering event magnitude as severity parameter, results from both indices identified the periods 1984-1985, 1992-1993 and 2003-2005 as the severest drought periods in the area. However, when the effects of both drought duration and magnitude are considered (drought intensity), the most severest drought events were identified during the years 1982/83, 1966 and 1973 based on 3-, 6- and 12-month timescales, respectively. It was concluded that although the SPEI generally exhibits veracity over SPI by including, apart from precipitation, additional meteorological parameter, mean temperature, SPI should be adopted as an appropriate drought monitoring tool in an area, like Africa, where meteorological data are scarce.
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Rosa, Ricardo Granés Tavares Duarte. "Índices de seca. Aplicação ao continente português." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4488.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was tested along with two indices resulting from modifying its original formulation, one concerning the replacement of the Thornthwaite equation to compute potential evapotranspiration (ETP) by the FAO Penman-Monteith method, and the other consisting in replacing the soil water balance model and the ETP computation that passes to correspond to the ETP of an olive orchard, generating a new index: the MedPDSI. A factor for the normalization of the index, the climate characteristic (K), was reviewed and the index was calibrated for each analyzed location. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the 9 and 12 month time-scales was also tested and compared with the three variants of the PDSI. The results revealed that the modification of K improved the standardization of the PDSI and that the calibration produced statistically improved results. It was found that the MedPDSI anticipates the initiation of droughts over the original PDSI, either with ETP Thornthwaite or with ETP FAO Penman-Monteith, and tends to classify droughts more severely than the first. The use of 9 month time-scale in the SPI is the one that best relates to the PDSI, since it clearly anticipates the onset of droughts relative to the 12 month scale.
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CHHIN, Rattana. "Future Projection of Drought in the Indochina Region Based on the Optimal Ensemble Subset of CMIP5 Models." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242616.

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K, C. Pratima, and C. Pratima K. "Effect of Climate Conditions on Land Surface Productivity Across the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahua Deserts and Apache Highlands." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626150.

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Understanding the patterns and relationships between land surface productivity and the climatic condition is essential to predict the impact of climate change. This study aims to understand spatial temporal variability and relationships of land surface productivity using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and drought indices, mainly Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standard Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) across four ecoregions: Mojave, Sonoran, Apache Highlands and Chihuahua of the Southwest United States. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land cover data, and Parameter Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) precipitation and temperature data were used for analysis. Using Mann-Kendall, I calculated the trends in annual and seasonal NDVI, SPI and SPEI datasets. I used the Pearson Correlation Coefficients to examine the response of integrated and monthly NDVI values to SPI and SPEI values. The positive and negative trends were found during the annual and monsoon seasons whereas only negative trends were found during the spring season for NDVI, SPI and SPEI values. The relationship between NDVI and coincident and antecedent SPEI values changed significantly by area and season for each of the ecoregions across the east-west seasonal precipitation gradient.
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Pieper, Patrick [Verfasser]. "Meteorological Drought - Universal Monitoring and reliable seasonal Prediction with the Standardized Precipitation Index / Patrick Pieper." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227582404/34.

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SANTOS, Marcos Suassuna. "Caracterização espaço-temporal de secas utilizando ondaletas e o Standardized Precipitation Index: uma aplicação para a parcela mineira da bacia Rio São Francisco." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 2011. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/1221.

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A pesquisa desenvolvida tem foco na análise espaço-temporal das secas, baseada em informações de chuvas. Para a obtenção das séries históricas representativas das secas e estudo espacial do fenômeno, foi empregada a análise regional de precipitações com momentos-L, além do índice de seca Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Para a análise de séries temporais de secas foi utilizada a transformada de ondaletas, uma alternativa à transformada de Fourier, a qual permite identificar periodicidades nas séries além de localizar variações dessas periodicidades ao longo do tempo. Procurou-se ainda investigar possíveis influências dos fenômenos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS), por meio do Índice Oceânico Niño (ION) e do Índice de Oscilação Sul (IOS), e do fenômeno da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) sobre os índices de secas obtidos. Foi proposto incorporar a análise regional de frequência no cálculo das séries de SPI, com vistas a contribuir com a superação da crítica de que, para esse cálculo, longos registros históricos de chuvas são necessários, além de considerar apenas a possibilidade de uso da distribuição de probabilidades Gama. Reforça-se a necessidade de, no cálculo do SPI, considerar outras possibilidades além dessa distribuição e a análise local de frequências, uma vez que valores extremos de chuvas eventualmente distorcem significativamente as estimativas do índice. Além disso, a análise regional de frequência permitiu definir regiões estatisticamente homogêneas, as quais apresentaram abrangência geográfica inversamente proporcional aos totais precipitados médios anuais. Para a análise de séries temporais o uso da transformada de ondaletas não detectou aumento da frequência de ocorrência de secas na área de estudo nos últimos anos. Além disso, não possibilitou fazer uma conexão clara entre as secas na região de estudo e os índices climáticos IOS, ION e ODP. Ainda assim, de alguma forma, percebeu-se que esses fenômenos de grande escala influenciam a intensidade das secas em escala local, uma vez que foi persistente a observação das secas mais extremas na região em fase fria de ENOS e ODP, corroborando a tese de que extremos climáticos são mais intensos na América do Sul quando o ENOS e ODP estão em fase.
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Santos, Marcus Suassuna. "Caracterização espaço-temporal de secas utilizando ondaletas e o standardized precipitation index: uma aplicação para a parecela mineira da Bacia do Rio São Francisco." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/REPA-8SBJYB.

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This research is focused on space-time analysis of droughts, based on rainfall data. In order to obtain time series of droughts, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a rainfall based drought index was used. The spatial analysis of the phenomenon was based on the regional analysis with L-moments. For the time series studies, the continuous wavelet transform was used. This technique shows up as an alternative to Fourier analysis, to identify periodicities in time series and to find variations of these frequencies over time. Also was sought to investigate possible influences of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the time series of drought index obtained. It was proposed to incorporate the regional frequency analysis with L-moments for the calculation of the SPI, in order to overcome the necessity of long historical records of rainfall data in order to obtain a good estimative of the SPIs time series. Also a variety of probability distribution functions were tested, besides Gama. In addition, the regional frequency analysis came to define statistically homogeneous, which in general are spread over large areas whose sizes are inversely proportional to the mean values of rainfall. The continuous wavelet transform did not identify an increased frequency of occurrence of droughts in the study area over time. Also, through use of this technique, it was not possible to identify increased intensity of the phenomenon in the study area in recent years. Moreover, the technique did not allow making a clear connection between the droughts in the study area and macro climatic indices used (ENSO and PDO). Yet somehow, it was realized that these macro-scale phenomena may influence the intensity of drought on a local scale, as it was observed persistent cold phase ENSO and PDO in the most extreme drought events in the study area, corroborating the thesis that, when ENSO and PDO are in phase, weather extremes are more intense in South America.
A pesquisa desenvolvida tem foco na análise espaço-temporal das secas, baseada em informações de chuvas. Para a obtenção das séries históricas representativas das secas e estudo espacial do fenômeno, foi empregada a análise regional de precipitações com momentos-L, além do índice de seca Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Para a análise de séries temporais de secas foi utilizada a transformada de ondaletas, uma alternativa à transformada de Fourier, a qual permite identificar periodicidades nas séries além de localizar variações dessas periodicidades ao longo do tempo. Procurou-se ainda investigar possíveis influências dos fenômenos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS), por meio do Índice Oceânico Niño (ION) e do Índice de Oscilação Sul (IOS), e do fenômeno da Oscilação Decenal do Pacífico (ODP) sobre os índices de secas obtidos. Foi proposto incorporar a análise regional de frequência no cálculo das séries de SPI, com vistas a contribuir com a superação da crítica de que, para esse cálculo, longos registros históricos de chuvas são necessários, além de considerar apenas a possibilidade de uso da distribuição de probabilidades Gama. Reforça-se a necessidade de, no cálculo do SPI, considerar outras possibilidades além dessa distribuição e a análise local de frequências, uma vez que valores extremos de chuvas eventualmente distorcem significativamente as estimativas do índice. Além disso, a análise regional de frequência permitiu definir regiões estatisticamente homogêneas, as quais apresentaram abrangência geográfica inversamente proporcional aos totais precipitados médios anuais. Para a análise de séries temporais o uso da transformada de ondaletas não detectou aumento da frequência de ocorrência de secas na área de estudo nos últimos anos. Além disso, não possibilitou fazer uma conexão clara entre as secas na região de estudo e os índices climáticos IOS, ION e ODP. Ainda assim, de alguma forma, percebeu-se que esses fenômenos de grande escala influenciam a intensidade das secas em escala local, uma vez que foi persistente a observação das secas mais extremas na região em fase fria de ENOS e ODP, corroborando a tese de que extremos climáticos são mais intensos na América do Sul quando o ENOS e ODP estão em fase.
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Passos, Jacqueline Sobral de Araújo. "Variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação do Alto São Francisco (sub-40) utilizando dados do sensor PR/TRMM." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9123.

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The precipitation, due to its importance, is considered one of the main variables of the hydrological cycle. An alternative to collect rainfall data is using rainfall measurements by sensors/satellites. Among these kinds of alternative, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) allows the collection with a spatial resolution 0.25º × 0.25º. Thus, the objective of the study is to understand, in more detail, the behavior and distribution of rainfall throughout the Upper São Francisco basin (Sub-40), in a recent period (1998-2013). The survey was conducted in the following steps: collection of TRMM rainfall data from 1998 to 2013 organizing them monthly and yearly; getting Três Marias reservoir in flow data; getting altimetry SRTM data; analyzing the correlation between the TRMM precipitation and the inflows to Três Marias reservoir; generating surface profiles to compare with the precipitation data, analyzing the number of consecutive dry days and consecutive wet days; computing the Standardized Precipitation Index - SPI for each point (169 points); spatial distribution of annual and monthly accumulated rainfall data, the correlation of rainfall and flow, of consecutive wet and dry days, the SPI index and cluster analysis. According to the results, it can be concluded that the years of highest and lowest value of annual rainfall depth was respectively 2009 and 2012. The driest months are June to August, and July is the driest one. In contrast, the wettest months are from November to January, and most rainy month is December. The annual and monthly precipitation depth showed that the northeast region of the basin rains less and the western and southern basin are wetter. The precipitation response to the inflow to the Três Marias reservoir is four days after the rainfall occurs. The relation between precipitation and altimetry shows that most of the annual rainfall depth is directly proportional to altimetry, but in some cases it shows little variability in the ground. Regarding the SPI, it was possible to calculate the beginning, end, intensity and magnitude of each dry and wet season. From the maps, SPI spatial information was produced in order to identify for each period the regions with highest and lowest values. By means of the map and dendrogram clusters, regions with higher and lower similarity between the monthly accumulated rainfall data were identified. Finally, the TRMM sensor proved useful in the analysis of spatial and temporal variability of precipitation over the studied basin, accounting satisfactorily dry and rainy periods. With easy acquisition and handling, satellite data is a viable alternative to collect precipitation data with spatial and temporal quality, especially in areas of difficult access or in developing countries.
A precipitação, pela sua importância, é considerada uma das principais variáveis do ciclo hidrológico. Uma alternativa para coletar dados de chuva é utilizar precipitações obtidas por sensores/satélites. Dentre estes, a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) permite a coleta com resolução espacial de 0,25º × 0,25º. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo é compreender, de forma mais detalhada, o comportamento e a distribuição da precipitação ao longo da bacia do Alto São Francisco (Sub-40), em período recente (1998−2013). A pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes etapas: coleta de dados do TRMM para o período de 1998 a 2013 organizando-os em acumulados mensais e anuais; coleta dos dados de vazão do reservatório Três Marias; coleta de dados de altimetria SRTM; correlação diária entre os elementos de precipitação TRMM; analisar o comportamento da precipitação anual da Sub-40 frente aos dados altimétricos; identificar a quantidade de dias secos e úmidos consecutivos de cada ponto da grade utilizado; extração do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação - SPI para cada ponto (169 pontos); espacialização dos dados de precipitação acumulada anual e mensal, da correlação de chuva e vazão, dos dias secos e úmidos consecutivos, do Índice SPI e da análise de cluster. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os anos de maior e menor valor de precipitações acumuladas anuais foram respectivamente os anos de 2009 e 2012. Os meses mais secos foram os de junho a agosto, sendo julho o mês mais seco. Em contrapartida, os meses mais úmidos foram de novembro a janeiro, com maior precipitação ocorrendo em dezembro. Os dados de precipitação acumuladas anuais e mensais mostraram que a região nordeste da bacia chove menos e que o oeste e sul da bacia são mais úmidos. O tempo de resposta da precipitação frente à vazão afluente ao reservatório Três Marias é de quatro dias após a ocorrência de chuvas. A relação entre a precipitação e altimetria mostra que a maioria dos dados de precipitações acumuladas anuais é diretamente proporcional à altimetria, mas que em alguns casos ela apresenta pouca variabilidade em relação ao terreno. Com relação ao SPI, a partir dos mapas, produziram-se informações de SPI de maneira espacializada identificando a cada período as regiões de maiores e menores valores. Observando os mapas de clusters e dendrograma identificaram-se as regiões com maior e menor similaridade entre os dados de precipitação acumulada mensal. Por fim, o sensor TRMM se mostrou hábil na análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação sobre a bacia, representando de forma satisfatória os períodos secos e chuvosos. Com fácil aquisição e manuseio, os dados do satélite são uma alternativa viável para se coletar informações pluviométricas com qualidade espacial e temporal, principalmente em regiões de difícil acesso ou em países em desenvolvimento.
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Moreira, Adriana Aparecida. "Análise da seca/estiagem no norte do estado de Minas Gerais a partir de dados MODIS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147931.

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A seca que assola o norte de Minas Gerais é um desencadeante de severos impactos socioambientais. Mudanças na distribuição das precipitações, ou mesmo a redução no volume de chuvas é fator suficiente para a desorganização da atividade econômica regional. Neste contexto, este trabalho analisou a distribuição espaço-temporal da seca/estiagem no norte de Minas Gerais, entre 2003 a 2014. A metodologia consistiu na elaboração de série temporal de anomalia padronizada de NDWI utilizando imagens de reflectância MOD13Q1/MODIS. Para a realização das análises utilizou-se como base: os decretos de anormalidade por motivo de seca/estiagem, dados de perdas e danos, de precipitação e de variação de água da subsuperfície das soluções GRACE. Foram realizadas correlações entre NDWI e precipitação e entre anomalia padronizada de NDWI e anomalia de precipitação, considerando dados sem e com 30 dias de defasagem. Foi aplicado teste de médias, teste t de Student, para a anomalia padronizada de NDWI e a anomalia de precipitação, em um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os resultados demonstraram que a anomalia padronizada de NDWI identificou de forma satisfatória três períodos de seca/estiagem na região. Estes corroboram com os dados de decretos de emergência e calamidade pública, sendo observado um maior número de decretos, principalmente, nestes períodos. Dois períodos identificados como de seca/estiagem foram noticiados como de estiagem severa no norte de Minas Gerais. Esse fato corrobora os dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI com a situação ocorrida na região. O quantitativo de áreas afetadas por seca também evidencia o mesmo período de maiores números de ocorrências de seca/estiagem e deficiência na distribuição da precipitação. No entanto, o emprego de anomalia padronizada de NDWI na identificação seca/estiagem, por si só, pode não ser suficiente para essa identificação, uma vez que, o fenômeno pode ocorrer e causar danos e prejuízos, em meio a uma paisagem verde, como constatado para 2010. As análises estatísticas mostraram que existem correlações com graus de intensidade melhores entre o NDWI e a precipitação com uma defasagem de 30 dias. Fato também observado para os dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI e anomalia de precipitação, todavia, foram observadas correlações de fraca a moderada. O teste de médias apresentou diferenças entre as médias apenas para o ano de 2014. Apesar de em todos os outros períodos as médias não serem estatisticamente diferentes entre si, foram verificados baixos valores de p-value, com excessão do período entre 2008 e 2011, onde são verificados p-value entre 0,4 a 0,9. Ainda que os testes estatísticos não apresentaram uma ótima significância, a variação temporal dos dados de anomalia padronizada de NDWI e de anomalia de precipitação evidencia uma relação similar entre esses dados. Por fim, a comparação com dados das soluções GRACE, identificou os mesmos períodos verificados com a anomalia padronizada de NDWI, sendo então, observado que estes dados corroboram entre si na identificação de seca/estiagem no norte de Minas Gerais.
The drought that affects the north of Minas Gerais State causes severe socio-environment impacts. Changes on the precipitation distribution or even the reduction of the raining amount is enough reason for regional disorganization. In this context, this work analyzed the drought spatial-temporal distribution in the north of Minas Gerais State, between 2003 and 2014. The methodology consisted on the elaboration of time series of standardized anomaly NDWI using images of reflectance MOD13Q1/MODIS. For the analysis it was used the following basis: the abnormality decrees caused by drought, damage and losses data, precipitation and the water subsurface range on GRACE solution. Correlations were conducted between NDWI and precipitation, as well as between standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly, considering data with and without 30 days of gap. It was applied average test, the Student t-test, for the standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly, with a confidence range of 95%. Results demonstrated that standardized anomaly NDWI satisfactorily identified three seasons of drought in this region. It corroborates with emergency decrees and public calamity data, in what it was observed a higher number of decrees, especially in these periods. Two seasons identified as drought were reported as severe drought in the north of Minas Gerais State. This fact validates the standardized anomaly NDWI data with the situation occurred in the region. The quantity of affected areas drought, also evidences the same period of larger numbers of occurrences drought and disability in the distribution of precipitation. However, the use of standardized anomaly NDWI by itself on the identification of drought may not be enough evidence for this association, since the phenomenon can occur and cause damages and losses among a green landscape, as seen in 2010. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there are correlations with better intensity degrees between the NDWI and the precipitation with a gap of 30 days. This fact was also observed for the standardized anomaly NDWI and precipitation anomaly data, however, mild to moderate correlations were observed. Student t-test demonstrated differences between the averages only for the year of 2014. Despite for all other periods averages were not statistically different, they were observed p-value low values, with the exception of the period between 2008 and 2011, which are verified p-value between 0.4 and 0.9. Although statistical tests did not demonstrated a great significance, the temporal variation of standardized anomaly NDWI data and precipitation anomaly evidenciate a similar relationship between these data. Lastly, the comparison with data from GRACE solutions, identified the same periods verified with the standardized anomaly NDWI, being then observed that these data corroborates between them in the identification of draught in the north of Minas Gerais State.
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Chattopadhyay, Somsubhra. "IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EXTREME HYDROLOGICAL EVENTS IN THE KENTUCKY RIVER BASIN." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/50.

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Anthropogenic activities including urbanization, rapid industrialization, deforestation and burning of fossil fuels are broadly agreed on as primary causes for ongoing climate change. Scientists agree that climate change over the next century will continue to impact water resources with serious implications including storm surge flooding and a sea level rise projected for North America. To date, the majority of climate change studies conducted across the globe have been for large-sized watersheds; more attention is required to assess the impact of climate change on smaller watersheds, which can help to better frame sustainable water management strategies. In the first of three studies described in this dissertation, trends in annual precipitation and air-temperature across the Commonwealth of Kentucky were evaluated using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test considering meteorological time series data from 84 weather stations. Results indicated that while annual precipitation and mean annual temperature have been stable for most of Kentucky over the period 1950-2010, there is evidence of increases (averages of 4.1 mm/year increase in annual precipitation and 0.01 °C/year in mean annual temperature) along the borders of the Kentucky. Considered in its totality, available information indicates that climate change will occur – indeed, it is occurring – and while much of the state might not clearly indicate it at present, Kentucky will almost certainly not be exempt from its effects. Spatial analysis of the trend results indicated that eastern part of the state, which is characterized by relatively high elevations, has been experiencing decreasing trends in precipitation. In the second study, trends and variability of seven extreme precipitation indices (total precipitation on wet days, PRCPTOT; maximum length of dry and wet periods, CDD and CWD, respectively; number of days with precipitation depth ≥20 mm, R20mm; maximum five-day precipitation depth, RX5day; simple daily precipitation intensity, SDII; and standardized precipitation index, SPI were analyzed for the Kentucky River Basin for both baseline period of 1986-2015 and the late-century time frame of 2070-2099. For the baseline period, the majority of the indices demonstrated increasing trends; however, statistically significant trends were found for only ~11% of station-index combinations of the 16 weather stations considered. Projected magnitudes for PRCPTOT, CDD, CWD, RX5day and SPI, indices associated with the macroweather regime, demonstrated general consistency with trends previously identified and indicated modest increases in PRCPTOT and CWD, slight decreases in CDD, mixed results for RX5day, and increased non-drought years in the late century relative to the baseline period. The study’s findings indicate that future conditions might be characterized by more rainy days but fewer large rainfall events; this might lead to a scenario of increased average annual rainfall but, at the same time, increased water scarcity during times of maximum demand. In the third and final study, the potential impact of climate change on hydrologic processes and droughts over the Kentucky River basin was studied using the watershed model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was successfully calibrated and validated and then forced with forecasted precipitation and temperature outputs from a suite of CMIP5 global climate model (GCMs) corresponding to two different representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) for two time periods: 2036-2065 and 2070-2099, referred to as mid-century and late-century, respectively. Climate projections indicate that there will be modest increases in average annual precipitation and temperature in the future compared to the baseline (1976-2005) period. Monthly variations of water yield and surface runoff demonstrated an increasing trend in spring and autumn, while winter months are projected as having decreasing trends. In general, maximum drought length is expected to increase, while drought intensity might decrease under future climatic conditions. Hydrological droughts (reflective of water availability), however, are predicted to be less intense but more persistent than meteorological droughts (which are more reflective of only meteorological variables). Results of this study could be helpful for preparing any climate change adaptation plan to ensure sustainable water resources in the Kentucky River Basin.
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Book chapters on the topic "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"

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Dökmen, Funda, Zafer Aslan, and Ahmet Tokgözlü. "Standardized Precipitation Index Analyses with Wavelet Techniques at Watershed Basin." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017, 127–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62395-5_10.

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Chervenkov, Hristo, and Valery Spiridonov. "Precipitation Pattern Estimation with the Standardized Precipitation Index in Projected Future Climate over Bulgaria." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 443–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73441-5_48.

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Han, Ping, Pengxin Wang, Miao Tian, Shuyu Zhang, Junming Liu, and Dehai Zhu. "Application of the ARIMA Models in Drought Forecasting Using the Standardized Precipitation Index." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI, 352–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36124-1_42.

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Noorisameleh, Zahra, William A. Gough, and M. Monirul Qader Mirza. "Evaluation of Drought Severity Changes in Iran Using Hurst Exponent and Standardized Precipitation Index." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 1951–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_307.

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Patel, N. R., T. M. V. Suryanarayana, and D. T. Shete. "Analyzing Extreme Events Using Standardized Precipitation Index During the 20th Century for Surat District, India." In Water Resources Development and Management, 41–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6205-6_2.

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Li, Rongfang, Lijun Cheng, Yongsheng Ding, Yunxiang Chen, and K. Khorasani. "Spatial and Temporal Variability Analysis in Rainfall Using Standardized Precipitation Index for the Fuhe Basin, China." In Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, 451–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37105-9_50.

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Beg, Ayad Ali Faris, and Ahmed Hashem Al-Sulttani. "Spatial Assessment of Drought Conditions Over Iraq Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and GIS Techniques." In Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Iraq, 447–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21344-2_18.

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Ayuso, J. L., P. Ayuso-Ruiz, A. P. García-Marín, J. Estévez, and E. V. Taguas. "Local Analysis of the Characteristics and Frequency of Extreme Droughts in Málaga Using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 167–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12754-5_13.

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Teixeira-Gandra, Claudia Fernanda Almeida, Gisele Machado da Silva, Rita De Cassia Fraga Damé, Maria Clotilde Carré Chagas Neta, Francisco Amaral Villela, Letícia Burkert Méllo, Emanuele Baifus Manke, and Rosiane Schwantz do Couto. "Evaluation of Droughts in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Moreno Index (MI)." In INCREaSE 2019, 125–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30938-1_10.

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Kostopoulou, E., C. Giannakopoulos, D. Krapsiti, and A. Karali. "Temporal and Spatial Trends of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Greece Using Observations and Output from Regional Climate Models." In Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 475–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_68.

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Conference papers on the topic "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"

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Wang, Weidan, Li Sun, Zhiyuan Pei, Yuanyuan Chen, and Xiaomei Zhang. "Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation of Growing Season Drought in Jiling Province Based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index." In 2019 8th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2019.8820436.

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ŻARSKI, Jacek, Stanisław DUDEK, and Renata KUŚMIEREK-TOMASZEWSKA. "DRIP IRRIGATION AS A FACTOR MITIGATING DROUGHT IMPACT IN CORN CULTIVATION IN CENTRAL POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.167.

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The aim of the paper was to develop a model determining production effects of corn irrigation depending on a drought level in the growing season.Corn is particularly useful for cultivation in the conditions of irrigation since its yield in central Poland depends significantly on rainfall distribution in growing season. Corn was grown under irrigation conditions in the years 2005-2016 in the region of central Poland, meteorological data, were gained from the research station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. Based on the results of twelve-year effects of corn irrigation and meteorological data, the most relevant relationships between irrigation productivity and chosen indices during the period of high water needs of corn (from 1 June to 31 July) were searched. The following indicators were taken into account: absolute precipitation totals, relative precipitation index (RPI), standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the ratio of precipitation to reference evapotranspiration. The results shown that yield of non-irrigated corn were characterized by a very high variability and depended significantly on indicators, based mainly on rainfall conditions. The production effects of drip irrigation correlated significantly with the indicators during the period of high water needs of plants, covering June and July. In wet periods the increases in grain yields due to irrigation were non-significant and about four-fold lower and in the dry seasons – more than half higher than the average increases. There is a high importance of the results presented in the paper, because they can be used as a model for forecasting corn production and its economic effects as well as for planning the development of irrigation systems in a given area.
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Manganhar, Suhail, and Humayoon Sial. "Projection of Geographical Variability and Temporal Trends on Drought Characteristics Using Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for Water Resource Management of Critical Zones in Sindh, Pakistan." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08449.

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Anggono, W. S. P. Dwi, Kristoko Dwi Hartomo, and Eko Sediyono. "Standardized precipitation index web application mapping shiny model." In 2017 International Conference on Innovative and Creative Information Technology (ICITech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innocit.2017.8319131.

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Santos, J. F., M. M. Portela, M. Naghettini, J. P. Matos, and A. T. Silva. "Precipitation thresholds for drought recognition: a further use of the standardized precipitation index, SPI." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rbm130011.

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Theophilou, M. K., and D. Serghides. "Drought in Nicosia using Standardized Precipitation Index SPI-n and BMDI drought index." In Third International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, edited by Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, and Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2196266.

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Cancelliere, Antonino, and Brunella Bonaccorso. "Uncertainty Analysis of the Standardized Precipitation Index within a Non-Stationary Framework." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480601.027.

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VARGAS BAECHELER, JOSÉ, and RODRIGO OJEDA PINTO. "ANALYSIS OF THE 2010-2017 MEGADROUGHT IN CHILE USING THE STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1816.

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Dayal, Kavina S., Ravinesh C. Deo, and Armando A. Apan. "Application of hybrid artificial neural network algorithm for the prediction of standardized precipitation index." In TENCON 2016 - 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2016.7848588.

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Amrit, Kumar, S. K. Mishra, and R. P. Pandey. "Prediction of Environmental Flow Condition Using the Standardized Precipitation Index in Mahanadi Basin, India." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480601.026.

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Reports on the topic "Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"

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Krishnappa, Rakshith, and Vidhya Sivakumar. Characterization of Drought Vulnerability Assessment Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI): Merits and Limitations. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.09.18.

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